初中英语中考知识点 26页

一．Therebe注意事项：　1.therebe与have的替换（只要知道就行）　　therebe表示所属时可与have替换。　　Eg:Thereisnothingbutabookinmybag.=Ihavenothingbutabookinmybag.包里只有一本书。　　2.therebe后接不定式时常用主动形式表示被动意义。（非常重要，考点）如：　　Eg:Thereisalotofworktodo.有许多工作要做。注意：当该句型主语是something,anything,nothing等不定代词时，后面的不定式用主动形式或被动形式，意义各不同　Eg:Thereisnothingtodo.没有事可做。　Thereisnothingtobedone.没有办法(束手无策)。　　3.与其它词连用，构成复合谓语。(考于选择题，让你选动词，记住有there必有be，当然一定要看清题不要妄断有些there可是表示副词在那儿，就不是therebe结构了)如：　　Eg:Theremaybearainthisafternoon.今天下午可能有雨。　　Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.战争之前，这儿有一家电影院。　　4.变体（了解，如果有些题找不到be时，看看有没有这些动词）　　therebe结构中的be有时可用live,stand,remain等代替。如：　　eg:Oncetherelivedakingwhocaredmoreaboutnewclothesthananythingelse.从前有位国王喜欢新服胜过别的任何东西。　　5.习惯用语　　Thereisnogood/use(in)doingsth.做某事没有好处/用处；Thereisnotamomenttolose.一刻也不能耽误。例如：　　Eg:Thereisnogoodmakingfriendswithhim.和他交朋友没有什么好处。　　Heisveryill.Sendhimtohospital.There'snotamomenttolose.他病得厉害，把他送到医院去，一刻也不能耽误。\n二．句法总结：1.陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。陈述句中有肯定句与否定句之分。其中可以分为以下五种：①主语+不及物动词。如：Iarrivedatsixlastnight.②主语+及物动词+宾语，如：IboughtagoodEnglishChineseDictionaryyesterday.③主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语，如：PleasetellmeastorybeforeIgotobed.这样可加双宾语的句子有buy,tell,give,ask,pass,teach.④主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语，如：Ifounditimpossibletodoit.Pleasekeeptheclassroomcleanandtidy.⑤主语+系动词+表语，如：TomisanAmericanboy.Thegrassturnedgreeninspring.在初中常见的句型中有Therebe…句型，表示存在某种事物，如：Thereisamaponthewall其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后，也要保持be动词，不要换用have,如：Thereisgoingtobeameetingtomorrow.在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题，即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。要注意的有如下几点：①用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数，但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式，如：Asingeranddanceriscomingtoourparty.asingeranddancer既歌唱又可舞的演员。而asingerandadancer则要译为：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。②有些以s结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数，如：Thenewsisgood(news为不可数名词)。③有量词时应按量词的数量计算；如：ThispairofglassesisgoodMyglassesarebroken.④有些形单却意为复数的名词，如：Peoplearecominghere这样的词还有Police，如果要讲一个警察时，应讲apoliceman。两个警察为twopolicemen。又如apolicewoman,twopolicewomen⑤　所有不定代词each，either，neither，one，theother，nobody，nothing，anyone，anything，someone，something…要作为单数如：Someoneiswaitingforyou在并列句中表示联合关系的连词有：andnotonly…butalso，　neither…nor，　either…or如:Mysisterandmyparentsaregoingtothecinema。表示转折关系的并列连词有：but和yet，如：Sheisagoodstudent,butshedidn'tpassthefinalexam.又如：Ithinkthenewsisstrange,yetitistrue表示选择关系的连词有：or，either…or，如：Hurryup,oryouwillbelateforschool表示因果关系的并列连词有：for，so如：Theystudiedveryhard，sotheyallpassedtheexam在初中范围复合句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句(名词性从句)两种，而定语从句(形容词性从句)要在高中讲述，为了使同学阅读文章方便，我们将在下面另一章予以介绍。我们首先来看宾语从句。①\n　在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：Iknewtheman,而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：Iknewthathewasagoodman这时宾语从句的连接词有that,(that只在从句中起联接作用，不在句中充当语法成分，既不是主语也不是宾语，所以在口语中常常被省略。如：Iamsure(that)shehaspassedtheexam②if,whether它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用，不起语法作用，当作是否讲。从句中有ornot结构时，要用whether,如：Iaskhimif(whether)hehashadhislunchIaskshimwhetherhehashadhislunchornot　③　what它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外，还要作主语或宾语成份，如：Idon'tunderstandwhatyousaid(what作said的宾语)。又如：Iaskedhimwhatmadehimsick(what在宾语从句中作主语)。④　who，它也和what一样，在句中除作连接词外，可以充当句中的成份，如：Iknowwhosheislookingfor?⑤　whose如：Iwanttoknowwhosebookthisis?⑥　which如：Doyouknowwhichbookismine?在连接词中还有4个常用的连接副词，①　how它的应用最广，如：howmuch,howmany,howlong,howsoon,howold…。如：Howmuchdoesitcost?②　when它只是连接时间状语，如：Pleasetellmewhenthemeetingwillbegin?③　where它连接地点状语，如：Whereareyoufrom?④　why它要连接的是原因状语从句，如：TheteacheraskedwhyTomdidn'tcometoschool.在考试中常见到的考点是：宾语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题。①　主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态，如：Iknowhedidn'tcome.我知道他没来。Iknowhewillcometomorrow我知道他明天来。IknowhehasgonetoLondon我知道他已去伦敦了。　②　主句中的谓语动词若是过去时，宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一种。比如：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时，不能用现在时态。如：IwantedtoknowwhenhewouldcomeTheteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun状语从句主要有时间状语从句，其连接词有：after，before，when，as，assoonas，until(till)，while，since，by其中较难掌握的有以下几点：①　until(till)直到，在用until表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词，它要用肯定句，如：Istudiedharduntil12o'clocklastnight.如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用否定句，如：Hedidn'tgotobeduntilhismothercameback②　由since，for，by，before来引导的时间状语从句。since引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间，如：IhavestudiedEnglishsince１９９０而由by引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间，如：Ihadlearned25Englishsongsbytheendoflastterm而before则多用于完成时，ago则多用于一般过去时，如：HehadfinishedhisworkbeforetwelveyesterdayIleftmyhometowntwoyearsago③　在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，如：Ifitrains,theywon'tgotothepark　onSunday也可以主句是一般过去时，从句用一般过去进行时，如：Hesaidifitrainedthenextdayhewouldnotgotothepark考试中常见的考点有：要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句，因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态，如：Iwanttoknowifhewillcomeheretomorrow在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系，如：Iwanttoknowifitrainshewillcomeheretomorrow在原因状语从句中主要是①　because，应译为"因为"。它表达的因果关系最强，如：Hedidn'tpasstheexambecausehedidn'tstudyhard②　since应译为"既然"，如：SinceyouwereillyesterdayIleftsomenotesonyourdesk③　as应译为"由于"，如：Asitistoohotwe'dbettergoswimmingsince与as所表达的因果关系远比because弱得多。而for表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首，如：Hestudieshard,forhewantstogotocollege在比较状语从句中有同级比较as…as，如：Thisbookisasgoodasthatone要注意的有两点：①　as…as中间要用原级而不是比较级。②　用形容词还是副词，如：MarywritesascarefullyasTom而其否定句为notas(so)…as，如：Theydidn'tworksohardaswe\ndid,而不同级比较用比较级加than,如：HeisyoungerthanIam要注意的是表示"越来越"这一概念时有两个句型：①　比较级＋and＋比较级，如：ThedaysaregettinglongerandlongerThelittlegirlisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful②　定冠词the＋比较级＋the＋比较级，如：Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn方式状语中要注意的是as(连词)与like(介词)的区别。as作为连词其后接从句，如：PleasedoitasIdidit但后面的句子常作省略，如：PleasedoitasI而like是介词，其后要接的是宾语，如：Pleasedoitlikeme结果和目的状语从句主要有so…that，sothat，inorderthat等几种用法。①　so…that用在单数可数名词前，so＋形容词＋a＋名词＋that，如：Sheissobeautifulagirlthateveryonelikesher或用such＋a＋形容词＋名词＋that,如：Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthateveryonelikesher②　在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用such，如：Itissuchgoodweatherwewanttogoforapicnic又如：Theyaresuchgoodplayersthattheyshouldwinthegame.　③　在much，many，few，little之前只能用so，如：IhavesolittlemoneythatIcan'tbuyit④　so…that之间只有形容词时，则不能用such，如：ItissogoodthatIwanttobuy⑤　sothat其后接从句，如：IgotupearliersothatIcouldcatchthefirstbus（二）　正误辨析［误］Thestoriesinthatbookwaswrittenmanyyearsago［正］Thestoriesinthatbookwerewrittenmanyyearsago.［析］作主语的名词、代词或不定式、动名词，它们往往要带有修饰词，这些词可能是形容词，也可能是短语，但谓语动词还是要取决于这个主语的数，要记住的是一个名词不可能在同一句中作两个不同的语法成份，如：book作了of的介词宾语则不可能再作主语了。［误］Toreadmanybooksaregoodforyou［正］Toreadmanybooksisgoodforyou［析］不定式作主语应该看作单数主语。［误］Whathesaidareright［正］Whathesaidisright［析］从句作主语一定要按单数主语看待。［正］Therichisnotalwayshappy［误］Thericharenotalwayshappy［析］形容词＋定冠词表示一类人，谓语动词应用复数，如：Theyoungareveryinterestedinstudyandsports［误］Theschoolmasterandwriterarecoming［正］Theschoolmasterandwriteriscoming［析］本句应译为：校长兼作家就要来了。而Theschoolmasterandthewriterarecoming则要译为：校长和一个作家要来了。在英语表达法中确实有Thegirlandboyareplayingonthegrass这应译为：一个女孩，一个男孩在操场上玩。因为不可能这样两个概念作用在一个人身上。又如：thehusbandandwife夫妻二人。［误］Youorshegotogetsomewaterforus［正］Youorshegoestogetsomewaterforus［析］由or连接的两个主语应以离谓语动词近的那一个计算其数。这样的用法还有either…or，neither…nor，notonly…butalso也有人称作"就近原则"。［误］Theteacherwithalotofstudentscomeintotheclassroom［正］Theteacherwithalotofstudentscomesintotheclassroom［析］真正的主语是theteacher，而with短语是伴随状态，不影响主语的数。\n［误］Myglassesisbroken［正］Myglassesarebroken［误］Thispairofglassesaregood［正］Thispairofglassesisgood［误］Thesekindsofbutterisgood.［正］Thesekindsofbutteraregood［析］英语中有些名词只有复数形式，如：glasses眼镜，shorts短裤等。如没有量词在前时，要用复数谓语动词，但有了量词之后则要按量词的单复数计算。［误］Oneoftheboysaregoingtotakepartinthematch［正］Oneoftheboysisgoingtotakepartinthematch［析］Oneof结构应以one来计算主语的数。［误］Halfoftheworkaredone［正］Halfoftheworkisdone［误］Halfofthebooksisread［正］Halfofthebooksareread［析］在小于1的数量词作主语时，如：２３，８０％，０．３５…＋of＋名词，这时主语的数应按of后面的名词计算。如果名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数，则谓语动词要用单数，如名词是复数则要用复数谓语动词。［误］Eachsidesarefulloftrees［正］Eachsideisfulloftrees［误］Bothsideisfulloftrees［正］Bothsidesarefulloftrees［析］each，either其后都要加单数名词，而both后要加复数名词。如：each，either，another，little，alittle，much等作主语时，谓语动词全部要用单数形式。［误］Theboyseachhasanapple［正］Theboyseachhaveanapple［析］each作同位语时，不影响句子的主语。［误］Everyoneofushasaticketfortheconcert［正］Everyoneofushasaticketfortheconcert［析］everyone，someone，everybody…在作主语时都不能加of结构。［误］Girlslikedancingverymuch，butfewlikesplayingfootball［正］Girlslikedancingverymuch，butfewlikeplayingfootball［析］few虽然含意上是"几乎没有"，但作主语时仍要当作复数。［误］Thenumberoftheworkersinthatfactoryaretwohundred［正］Thenumberoftheworkersinthatfactoryistwohundred［析］thenumberof意为：某某的数字是……如：thenumberofstudents学生人数，thenumberofplayers运动员人数。不论数字如何都应看作单数。而anumberof与many意思相同，其后加可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Anumberofstudentsareplayingonthegrass［误］Therestofthestudentsishere［正］Therestofthestudentsarehere［误］Therestoftheworkaredone［正］Therestoftheworkisdone［析］therestof的用法与２／３，一半，８０％＋of的结构一致，of\n后面为可数名词复数时用复数谓语动词，为不可数名词或可数名词单数时用单数谓语动词。这样用法还有lotsof，alotof，plentyof。［误］Thenewsintoday'snewspaperarenotbad［正］Thenewsintoday'snewspaperisnotbad［析］有些以s结尾的名词要用作不可数名词，它们是：news，physics，mathematics，thanks，…［误］TheChineseiskindandfriendly［正］TheChinesearekindandfriendly［析］Chinese作为中文来讲是单数名词，但作为中国人讲是单复同形的名词。如：oneChinese，twoChinese…而TheChinese＝ThepeopleofChina要用复数谓语动词。［误］ThisdictionaryistooexpensiveformeTendollarsareabigsumforme［正］ThisdictionaryistooexpensiveformeTendollarsisabigsumforme［析］表示一段时间，一笔金钱，一段距离，都应看作单数名词。［误］Whoaregoingtotakepartinourfootballmatch?［正］Whoisgoingtotakepartinourfootballmatch?［析］用who提问时，习惯上用单数谓语动词，但which则要视其情况而定，如：whicharebettertheseshoesesorthoseshoes?又如：whichisbetterthisoneorthatone?［误］Whatahotweatheritis!［误］Howhottheweatheritis!［正］Whathotweatheritis!［正］Howhottheweatheris!［析］感叹句是用来表达说话人的喜怒哀乐的感情。它由what与how作句子的开始，判定是用what还是用how的最好办法是将它们换为陈述句，比如：Whatthehotweatheritis!应转换为：Itisthehotweather那么句子的起点是单词it。再来看感叹句中it前有不可数名词weather，则只能用what。再看第二句Howhottheweatheris!转为陈述句时为：Theweatherishot这时句子的开始单词为theweather，再来看感叹句在theweather前只有形容词，所以应用how。至于是用whata还是what要看名词的具体情况而定，单数可数名词加whata其余的加用what。［误］Wehavetosingthis，havewe?［误］Wehavetosingthis，haven'twe?［正］Wehavetosingthis,don'twe?［析］在反意疑问句中除了标准的一些常规外，有一些例外：Let'sgohome，shallwe?Letusgohome，willyou?Shehadtoleave，didn'tshe?Doyourhomeworkatonce，willyou?Thereisnotmuchgoodnewsintoday'snewspaper，isthere?Neitherofthemareright，arethey?Ithinkhewillcometothepartywon'the?think后的宾语从句，与其他宾语从句不一样，在初中只有这样一个较特殊的词。这样的句子的反意疑问句的主语要用宾语从句中的主语，其助动词要用宾语从句的助动词，而肯定还是否定要看主句谓语动词而定，如：Idon'tthinkheiscomingtoourparty，ishe?［误］Iwanttoknowwheredoeshelive［正］Iwanttoknowwherehelives\n［析］宾语从句中一律要用陈述语序，而不用疑问语序。［误］-Ihaven'tgotaticketforthefootballmatch-NorIhave［正］-Ihaven'tgotaticketforthefootballmatch-Nor(Neither)haveI［析］nor，neither用在简答否定句中时要采用倒装语序。在肯定句的简答句中则要用so，如：Idomyhomeworkveryquickly，SodoesMary［误］Look!Herethebuscomes!［正］Look!Herecomesthebus!［误］Look!Herecomeshe!［正］Look!Herehecomes［析］在there，here打头的句子中，如果主语是名词，则要采用倒装语序；如果是人称代词则用一般语序。［误］DoyouwantMarytogotothecinemawithus?No，Idon'thopeso［正］DoyouwantMarytogotothecinemawithus?No，Ihopenot［析］我不这样想，可用Idon'tthinkso但hope的否定简答句只能用Ihopenot这是习惯用法。但这两个词的肯定简答句形是一样的，如：Ithinkso.Ihopeso［误］ThatisdifficultforustolearnEnglishwell［正］ItisdifficultforustolearnEnglishwell［析］It这里的语法作用是形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的不定式。形式主语和形式宾语都要用it而不能用that，如：IthinkitdifficulttolearnEnglishwellit在这句中是think的形式宾语。（三）　例题解析1　There＿＿＿apencilboxonthedesk．A.isB.　areC.hasD.have［答案］A.［析］Therebe句形中的be动词要看其后面离它最近的名词而定，如：Therearetwobooksandapencilonthedesk但却可以讲Thereisapencilandtwobooksonthedesk2　Couldyoutellme＿＿＿?A　MrsKingwherelivesB　wheredoesMrsKingliveC　whereMrsKinglivesD　MrsKingliveswhere［答案］C.［析］宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序。3　Yourbrothercametoseeyou，＿＿＿?A　doesheB　doesn'theC　didheD　didn'the［答案］D.［析］前句是肯定句，后面反意疑问句要用否定句，同时came为过去时态，所以应用didn'the4　It'sgettingcloudy，＿＿＿?A　does'itB　doesn'titC　isitD　isn'tit［答案］D.［析］要区分's是has还是is，这里由getting得出's是is。\n5　＿＿＿keepmewaitingsolong．A　NotB　Won'tC　Don'tD　Notto［答案］C.［析］Don't＋动词原形为祈始句的否定句。6　MrGreenhasn'tbeentoBeijing,＿＿＿?A　hasheB　hasn'theC　didheD　didn'the［答案］A.［析］此句has是助动词与过去分词构成现在完成时态。7　Youhaveyourlunchatschool,＿＿＿?A　haveyouB　haven'tyouC　doyouD　don'tyou［答案］D.［析］这里的have是实意动词"吃"，而不是助动词。8　＿＿＿sunnyday!Let'sgooutforawalk．A　HowaB　HowC　WhataD　What［答案］C.［析］这个感叹句是个省略句，其真实的句子应为Whatasunnydayitis!9　-Canyoutellme＿＿＿?-SureShe'sanurseA　whereisyoursisterB　whereyoursisterisC　whatisyoursisterD　whatyoursisteris［答案］D.［析］who问的是姓名，如：Whoishe?HeisSmith或HeismyfatherWhat问的是职业，如：Whatishe?Heisateacher10　Johnlikeslisteningtotheradio，＿＿＿?A　doesheB　doesn'theC　doesn'tJohnD　doesJohe［答案］B.［析］当名词作主语时，反意疑问句应用代词。11　NeitheryounorI＿＿＿ontheteam．A　areB　wereC　amD　is［答案］C.［析］由neither…nor…作连接词作主语时，其谓语动词要与相临近的那个主语相呼应。12　＿＿＿deliciousfood!I'dlikesomemore．A　whataB　HowaC　WhatD　How［答案］C.［析］因food为不可数名词。13　＿＿＿thereacatunderthechair?A　AreB　IsC　HasD　Have［答案］B.［析］这是therebe句型的疑问句。14　Couldyoutellme＿＿＿?A　whenthetrainwillarriveB　whenthetrainarrivedC　whendidthetrainarriveD　whendoesthetrainarrives［答案］A.［析］could\n用于现在时疑问句表达了口气的委婉，并不是过去时态。且宾语从句要用陈述语句。15　-＿＿＿badweather!-Yes，Butit'sgoingtobefinesoon，IthinkA　HowB　WhataC　WhatanD　What［答案］D.［析］weather为不可数名词。16　-Couldyoutellme＿＿＿?-Yes，They＿＿＿tothelibraryA　wherearethetwins，havebeenB　wherewerethetwins，havebeenC　wherethetwinsare，havegoneD　wherethetwinswere，havegone［答案］C.［析］havebeento是去过什么地方，而现在回来了。havegoneto是到某地去了，人现在不在这里。17　Goand＿＿＿theTVquicklyThevolleyballmatchwillbeginrightaway．A　turnoffB　turndownC　turnupD　turnon［答案］D.［析］这是个祈使句，它由and连接两个动词。注意词组搭配的不同含义。18　Let'sgoforsometea，＿＿＿?A　shallweB　willweC　doweD　don'twe［答案］A.［析］Let'sgo…，shallwe?Letusgo…，willyou?这是两个特殊的反意疑问句。19　Joan'sshort，＿＿＿?A　wasn'tsheB　hasn'tsheC　isn'tsheD　doesn'tshe［答案］C.［析］在此句中应视's为is，而不是has或was。20　Idon'tknow＿＿＿toreadtheword．A　whichB　whatC　whoseD　how［答案］D.［析］因不定式toread中的read是及物动词，已有自己的宾语theword，所以应用疑问副词how。21　Hedidn'tgotoschool，＿＿＿hewasill．A　forB　butC　andD　so［答案］A.［析］这里是表示因果的关系，从句表示原因，所以用for，放于句尾，且常常前面有一个逗号。so引起的是结果状语从句，如：Hewasonlytwelve，sohecouldn'tjointhearmy22　Theyoungwomancanhardlyrideabike，＿＿＿she?A　doesn'tB　doesC　can'tD　can［答案］D.［析］hardly为否定词，所以应视此句为否定句。其后的反意疑问句应用肯定句。23　TomnevergoestothecinemaonSundays，＿＿＿?A　doesheB　doesn'theC　isn'theD　ishe［答案］A.\n［析］never也是否定词，所以应将句子看作否定句。24　Mothersaidtohim，"Don't＿＿＿onfootball．"A　spendtoomuchtimeB　tospendtoomuchtimeC　spendtoomanytimeD　tospendtoomanytime［答案］A.［析］time作为"时间"讲为不可数名词，应用much来修饰。当作"次数"讲是可数名词，如threetimes三次，而Don't…这一句是祈使句的否定句。25　MrWhite，togetherwithsomeJapanesefriends，＿＿＿visitourschoolthisafternoon．A　aregoingtoB　isgoingtoC　haveD　has［答案］B.［析］句子的主语是MrWhite，而togetherwith…是伴随状况，不影响句子的主语。26　Thereislittlewaterintheglass，＿＿＿?A　isitB　isthereC　isn'titD　isn'tthere［答案］B.［析］这是therebe句型的反意疑问句。27　Amperewasthinkingaboutamathsproblem，＿＿＿?A　didn'theB　wasn'theC　didheD　ishe［答案］B.［析］这是进行时态的反意疑问句。28　Shehadagoodtimeyesterday，＿＿＿she?A　wasn'tB　didn'tC　hasn'tD　isn't［答案］B.［析］had这里是实意动词而不是助动词。29　We'llmake＿＿＿foryouinthefrontofthecar．A　aroomB　roomC　roomsD　somerooms［答案］B.［析］room此处为不可数名词，意为"地方，空间"。30　NeithershenorI＿＿＿totheGreatwallbefore．A　hasgoneB　havegoneC　havebeenD　hasbeen［答案］C.［析］由neither…nor连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与相临近的那个主语相呼应。31　Helpmecollectthesebooks，＿＿＿?A　areyouB　willyouC　doyouD　shallyou［答案］B.［析］祈使句的反意疑问句应用willyou，而Let'sgo例外，其反意疑问句为shallwe?32　Thenumberofdeer，mountainlionsandwildroses＿＿＿changemuchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare．A　don'tB　doesn'tC　isn'tD　didn't［答案］B.［析］thenumberof为"……的数量、数目"，所以谓语动词用单数形式。而anumberof要加复数名词，其谓语动词也用复数。33　She'shadbreakfast，＿＿＿?A　issheB　isn'tsheC　hasn'tsheD　hasshe\n［答案］C.［析］这里的's应视为has34　Iwonder＿＿＿．A　whosebicycleisitB　itiswhosebicycleC　isitwhosebicycleD　whosebicycleitis［答案］D.［析］wonder后的宾语从句应用陈述语序。35　Itisgoodforus＿＿＿morningexercises．A　doB　todoC　didD　done［答案］B.［析］这里的it是形式主语，而真正的主语是不定式todo…36　Peterhassportsveryoften，＿＿＿?A　does，PeterB　doesn'theC　doesn'tPeterD　doeshe［答案］B.［析］has这里是实意动词，而主语为名词时其反意疑问句中的主语要用代词。37　MrBlacksaid，"Jenny，don'tbelatetomorrow"MrBlacktoldJenny＿＿＿．A　don'tbelatetomorrowB　didn'tbelatetomorrowC　notbelatenextmorningD　nottobelatethenextday［答案］D.［析］tell一般要加双宾语，其间接宾语是Jenny，直接宾语是不定式。而这里用的是不定式的否定形式。38　LiMeireadthenewspapertothegranny，＿＿＿?A　doessheB　didn'tsheC　didsheD　wasn'tshe［答案］B.［析］read这里是过去时态，因其主语是第三人称单数，而read并未加s所以是过去时态。(read的过去时与过去分词都是read，只不过读音不同)二、定语从句（一）知识概要定语从句并不属于中考范围，但由于作者在多年的教学中体会到，这一语法现象影响了许多学生自学英语。这些学生一般是成绩较好的学生，想进行大量阅读来提高自己的英语水平，但总是碰到一些问题，百思不得其解。苦于自己的水平只限于初中水平，无法提高，但各种补习班又都是为一些水平较差的学生开设的，所以又投师无门。为了解决这部分学生的学习困难，也为那些有志青年铺平学习上的道路，特用这一节讲述定语从句，不是从语法上讲述，而是从阅读理解方面去讲述。可供同学们在学习时参考。这会对你的英语学习起到事半功倍的作用。对于形容词我们已十分熟悉了，如：agoodbook，形容词good用来修饰书book。我们也可以用一个句子来修饰名词，这种句子叫做形容词性从句，它起修饰名词的作用，又被叫做定语从句(Theattributiveclause)。但有一点不同的是这个从句不是像形容词那样放于名词前，而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词，如：Doyouknowthescientistwhogaveusthetalkthisafternoon?这句中的主句是Doyouknowthescientist?\n(你知道那位科学家吗?)而whogaveusthetalkthisafternoon(他今天下午给我们作的报告。)是定语从句。所以这两句话合为一体即是：你认识今天下午给我们作报告的那位科学家吗?这里scientist叫作先行词，而who叫作定语从句的引导词。who在定语从句中起主语的作用，who的数与它的先行词相同。又如：YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo这里先行词是everything，而thatIdo是定语从句，此句应译为：你必须作我所作的一切。that叫作定语从句的引导词，在句中作do的宾语。引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose和关系副词when，where，why，how。不论关系代词还是关系副词，都应放于先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，但它们都要在定语从句中起语法作用，充当一个成份。如关系代词在定语从句中不是作主语便是作宾语，而关系副词则是作状语。我们先来看关系代词的用法。①　that的先行词可以是人也可以是物。如：Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly这里先行词是machine而that是关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。这句译为：飞机是一种会飞的机器。又如：Ilikethebook(that)youlentmeyesterday这里先行词是book，关系代词用that，它在定语从句中作lend(借)的宾语。要注意的是关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，即：Ilikethebookyoulentmeyesterday②　which关系代词的先行词只能是物。它在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如：Thebookshopisashopwhichsellsbooks这里shop是先行词，which在从句中作主语。又如：Thebook(which)Ireadlastnightwaswonderful这里主句是Thebookwaswonderful而定语从句是修饰主句的主语book，即我昨晚读的那本书，which在定语从句中作read的宾语，可以省略。③　who，whom，whosewho在定语从句中作主语，whom是who的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，而whose则是形容词性物主代词，在从句中作定语，如：ThemanwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisanAmericanfriend昨天参观我们学校的人是一位美国朋友。Who在定语从句中作主语。又如：Who'sthatwoman(whom)youjusttalkedto?你刚才与之谈话的那个女人是谁?而whom作定语从句中介词to的宾语，可以省略，而在现代英语中，句首的whom也常常可用who代替。Thisisourclassmate，Mary，whosehomeisnotfarfromourschool这是我们的同学玛丽，她的家离我们学校不远。为了便于理解，我们来看看是如何将两句话并为一句话的。１．　Isawtheman.HeclosedthedoorIsawthemanwho(that)closedthedoor2．　ThegirlishappyShewontheraceThegirlwhowontheraceishappy3．　ThestudentsarefromChinaTheysitinthefrontrowThestudentswhositinthefrontrowarefromChina(要注意的是先行词是students则who的数也应看作复数。)4．　WearestudyingsentencesTheycontainadjectivedauseWearestudyingsentencesthat(which)containadjectivedause5．　ThetaxidriverwasfriendlyHetookmetotheairportThetaxidriverwhotookmetotheairportwasfriendly6．　ThebookwasgoodIreaditThebookthatIreadwasgoodThebookIreadwasgood7．　ThepeoplewereveryniceWevisitedthemyesterdayThepeoplewevisitedyesterdaywereverynice8．　ThemancalledthepoliceHiswalletwasstolenThemanwhosewalletwasstolencalledthepolice\n9．　IcomefromacountryItshistorygoesbackthousandsofyearsIcomefromacountrywhosehistorygoesbackthousandsofyears10．　IhavetocallthemanIpickeduphisumbrellaafterthemeetingIhavetocallthemanwhoseumbrellaIpickedupafterthemeeting关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears或可以写作：ThatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyearsHewasthemanwhom(who)youwerelookingfor要注意的是此句的关系代词whom可以用主格取代，而lookfor是短语动词也不可将for放于定语从句之前。that作关系代词作介词宾语时，不能紧跟介词，而只能将介词置于定语从句的后面。如：Themanthatweweretalkingabouthascometoourschool这时不可用aboutthat…请看下面例句：1．　ThemeetingwasinterestingIwenttoitThemeetingthatIwenttowasinteresting2．　ThemanwasverykindItalkedtohimyesterdayThemanwhoItalkedtoyesterdaywasverykind3．　ImustthankthepeopleIgotapresentfromhimImustthankthepeoplewhoIgotapresentfrom4．　ThepicturewasbeautifulShewaslookingatitThepicturethat(which)shewaslookingatwasbeautiful5．　ThemanisstandingoverthereItoldyouabouthimThemanwhoItoldyouaboutisstandingoverthere除关系代词外，还有关系副词，when，where，why，其中when用来指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如：IneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametotheGreatWall而where则指地点，如：Thisisthehousewheretheoldmanlives请看下面例句：1．　ThecitywasbeautifulWespentourvacationthereThecitywherewespentourvacationwasbeautiful2．　ThatistherestaurantIwillmeetyouthereThatistherestaurantwhereIwillmeetyou3．　ThetownissmallIgrewupthereThetownwhereIgrewupissmall4．　ThatisthedrawerIkeepmynewpapersthereThatisthedrawerwhereIkeepmynewspapers5．　MondayisthedayWewillcomethenMondayisthedayWhenwewillcame6．　７∶０５isthetimeMyplanearrivesthen７∶０５isthetimewhenmyplanearrives\n7．　１９６０istheyearTherevolutiontookplacethen１９６０istheyearwhentherevolutiontookplace8．　JulyisthemonthTheweatherisusuallythehottestthenJulyisthemonthwhentheweatherisusuallythehottest在定语从句中又可分为两大类定语从句，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。①　限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词，如：Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited②　非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对其附加说明，也就是讲即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响，仍然清晰明了。这样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗号分开。且关系代词不引导这种非限制性定语从句，如：AbrahamLincoln，wholedtheUnitedStatesthroughtheseyears，wasshotonApril１４，　１８６５atatheatreinwashingtonＤ．　Ｃ．　又如：GalileolivedinthecityofPisa，wherethereisaleaningtowerabout180feethigh（二）正误辨析［误］Iwon'ttellyouthenameofthepersonwhoteachmeEnglish［正］Iwon'ttellyouthenameofthepersonwhoteachesmeEnglish［析］在定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，从它本身看不出其数的形式，这时要由它的先行词决定。这里who应由theperson单数决定，应该用单数谓语动词。又如：Iwhoamastudentwanttofindasparetimejob这里的who应与I是一致的，所以其谓语动词应该用am。 ［误］WetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplewhowemetduringtheSecondWorldWar［正］WetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplethatwemetduringtheSecondWorldWar［析］这里的关系代词不要用who，因为其先行词有两个一个是things(物)，而另一个是people(人)，这时既不可用who，又不可用which，因前者只能用于先行词是人的情况下，而后者则用于先行词是物的情况下，所以只能用that，因为它的先行词既可以是人又可以是物。［误］Thebook，thatIboughtyesterday，wasverygood［正］Thebook，whichIboughtyesterday，wasverygood［析］先行词与定语从句被逗号分割开来时，即作为非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中which，when，who，whom，where，when，whose等都可以和限制性定语从句中的作用一样，而独有that不易用于非限制性定语从句。［误］ThedictionarywhichIlentityesterdayisaveryusefultool［正］ThedictionarywhichIlentyesterdayisaveryusefultool［析］关系代词在定语从句中是要起语法作用的，它不是作主语就是作宾语。虽然在作宾语时它的位置由原来的宾语位置移到了句首，但它的作用依然存在，而且在原宾语位置上不能再出现宾语。［误］TheteacherIwanttolearnEnglishfromistheonewhichcomesfromAmerica［正］TheteacherIwanttolearnEnglishfromistheonewhocomesfromAmerica［析］theone，anyone，those作代词并且是指某人、物时，其关系代词不能用which应用who。\n［误］Thisistheroominthattheoldmanlives［正］Thisistheroominwhichtheoldmanlives［正］Thisistheroomwhichtheoldmanlivesin［正］Thisistheroomthattheoldmanlivesin［析］that不能紧跟在介词后作介词宾语，但如果介词不前置仍放于句尾，则可用that作引导词，而且可以省略。如：Thisistheroomtheoldmanlivesin［误］Icandoeverythingwhichisgoodforyou［正］Icandoeverythingthatisgoodforyou［析］在先行词是all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none，theone等不定代词时，虽然它们指的是物体，但不要用which而用that作定语从句的引导词。［误］Theonlythingwhichthestudentscandoisstudyinghard［正］Theonlythingthatthestudentscandoisstudyinghard［析］在先行词前有only，any，few，little，no，all，oneof等词修饰时，虽然先行词指的是物，也不要用which作关系代词，而要用that。［误］ThisisthefirstAmericanfilmwhichI'veeverseen［正］ThisisthefirstAmericanfilmthatI'veeverseen［析］在先行词是序数词，或由序数词修饰时，其关系代词不可用which这样的用法还有在形容词最高级修饰的先行词之后，如：ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverseen［误］HeisfromAfrica,thatwecanseefromthecolouroftheskin［正］HeisfromAfrica,aswecanseefromthecolouroftheskin［析］当as或which引导非限制性定语从句时，它可能没有明确的先行词，它们所指代的是前面整个句子。如例题应译为他是从非洲来这个事情是可以从其肤色上看出的。三、常见习惯用语（一）　知识概要由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处，所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写，或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一个小女孩十分好看，可爱，外国人见到时会讲：Youaresobeautiful这时的答语应该是Thankyou如果外国人发现你的英语不错，他们会讲：YourEnglishisverygood这时中国人常常会说：不，我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语，但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是Thankyou虽然交际英语有一些规律可讲，但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯，了解他们的文化背景，历史渊源，这样才能真正的学好一门外语。（二）　正误辨析［误］-WhatcanIdoforyou?-Yes，pleasehelpme［正］-WhatcanIdoforyou?-I'dliketobuyasweater［析］WhatcanIdoforyou?这一问语实际上用于的情景很多，要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为：您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为：我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。［误］-Whichcolourdoyoulike?\n-Sorry，Idon'tlike［正］-Whichcolourdoyoulike?-Ipreferblue［析］由which来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如Yes，Ilikeit［误］Doyouliketocomewithustonight?［正］Wouldyouliketocomewithustonight?［析］Doyoulike…问的是对方的习惯，如：Doyoulikeswimming?Doyoulikecollectingstamps?而wouldyoulike…则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种：Shallwego?我们走吧!Let'sgo?让我们走吧!Howabouthavingacupoftea?喝杯茶如何?Whataboutacupofcoffee喝杯咖啡如何?Whynotbuyit?为什么不买呢?其肯定答语一般为Certainly，Yes，O．Ｋ．　Allright，Withpleasure［误］Sorry，I'vekeptyouwaitingNotatall［正］Sorry，I'vekeptyouwaitingNevermind［析］"介意不介意"这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如：-Doyoumindmysmokinghere?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿Ａ．　Yes，doitpleaseＢ．　No，ofcoursenotＣ．　Yes，takeitpleaseＤ．　No，youcan'ttakeit这时正确的选择应是B。其意为：不介意，当然不。而A选项则自相矛盾了，它应译为：是的我介意，请抽吧。而D选项是：不介意，你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时，可以有以下问法：DoyoumindifIopenthedoor?Wouldyoumindmailingtheletterforme其答语如果是同意应为：Certainlynot，notatall而不同意时应为Yes，或I'msorry［误］What'sthatman?HeisMike［正］What'sthatman?Heisateacher［正］Who'sthatman?HeisMike(HeisMike'sfather)［析］由what提问是问的职业，由who提问问的是姓名或身份。［误］-Howmucharethey?-Halfakilo，please［正］-Howmanybananasdoyouwant?-HalfakiloPlease［析］Howmucharethey?问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。\n［误］I'msorry，butisthisthewaytothepark?［正］Excuseme，butisthisthewaytothepark?［析］I'msorry是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而Excuseme是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。［误］-Haveagoodtimetonight!-Youarethesame［正］-Haveagoodtimetonight!-Thesametoyou［析］Thesametoyou是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚，它是美语中的习惯用法。［误］-What'stheproblem?-I'vegotaheadache［正］What'swrongwithyou?I'vegotaheadache［析］What'swrongwithyou?是询问对方身体状态如何，而What'stheproblem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。［误］-Now，I'mbackCanIplay?-PerhapsYou'dbetterdoyourhomeworkfirst［正］-Now，I'mbackCanIplay?-I'mafraidnotYou'dbetterdoyourhomeworkfirst［析］Perhaps是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论，如：AmIright?Perhaps而I'mafraidnot则表达一种不同意的态度。beafraid的几种用法有：I'mafraidthatyouareright其后直接加宾语从句。-Willyoucometomybirthdayparty?-I'mafraidnotIhavetogotoseemyfatherHeisinhospital其后＋not，表示否定。-Sorry，Idon'twanttogotherealone，I'mafraidofthedog其后＋名词，表示对某人，某物的害怕。Maryisafraidofmakingmistakesintheexam其后＋of＋动名词，表示害怕做某事。Maryisafraidtoseetheteacherbecauseshedidn'tdowellintheexam其后＋不定式，表示不敢去做某事。［误］-Howsoonwillyoubeready?-Twodays［正］-Howsoonwillyoubeready?-Intwodays［析］此题关键是要根据情景，身临其境，要注意的是对方问了什么，就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。Howsoon问的是"还有多久才能作完"，这时要用intwodays，即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用Howlong提问，则答语可以用twodays。［误］-WouldyoumindifIhavesometimeoff?-Idon'tmind-MondayandTuesdayofnextweek［正］-WouldyoumindifIhavesometimeoff?-Whenexactly\n-MondayandTuesdayofnextweek［析］有的对话是复杂的，稍有不慎就有可能选错，而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。Idon'tmind是可以用来回答Wouldyoumind…这一提问的，但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用whenexactly?什么时间，这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。［误］SupposeyournameisTomThephoneringsandyoupickitupThefirstwordyousaywillprobablybe"Whoareyou?"［正］SupposeyournameisTomThephoneringsandyoupickitupThefirstwordyousaywillprobablybe"Hello?ThisisTomspeaking?"［析］在英语学习中，习惯用法实际上在某种情况，或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析，它们可能都是对的。比如，当你拿起电话时，如果你想知道对方是谁，可以问"Who'sthat(speaking)?"但不要讲"Whoareyou?"如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲"Thisis××××speaking"而不要讲"I'm　××××"也不要讲"Mynameis×××××．"　就语法而论，"Whoareyou?""I'm××××""Mynameis×××××"并不错，也是英语中可用的句子，但就打电话这一场合，就不宜用了。［误］-Doyouthinkit'sgoingtorainovertheweekend?-Idon'thopeso［正］-Doyouthinkit'sgoingtorainovertheweekend?-Ihopenot［析］由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉，如在肯定答语中IthinksoIhopesoIbelieveso是相同的，但在否定句中却常用Idon'tthinkso但Idon'tbelieveso和Idon'thopeso则意为：我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而Ibelievenot和Ihopenot则为：我想可能不会发生吧!［误］-Isanybodythere?-No，BobandTomhaveaskedforleave［正］-Iseverybodythere?-No，BobandTomhaveaskedforleave［析］许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前，而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词，用anybody。但是Isanybodythere?在英语中为：这里有人吗?而Iseverybodythere?为：全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。No，BobandTomhaveaskedforleave［误］-Yourhandwritingisverygood!-No，myhandwritingisverypoor［正］-Yourhandwritingisverygood!-Thankyou［析］中国人遇到别人称赞，总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时，就应说：Thankyou又比如中国人见面时常讲Whereareyougoing?或Haveyouhadyourbreakfastyet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话，如：Hello!Howareyougoing?(你过得怎样)Morning!等。而goodmorning和Howdoyoudo则被认为是较正规的问候语，在日常生活中则十分少见。［误］WhenyouhavehaddinnerwithanAmericanfriendandwanttoleaveyoumaysay："ExcusemeI'llgofirst"［正］WhenyouhavehaddinnerwithanAmericanfriendandwanttoleaveyoumaysay：\n"ExcusemeIhavetogo"［析］这两句答语都是正确的，其关键不是语法，而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲I'llgofirst朋友们会迷惑不解，而Ihavetogo则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去，而你本人则十分不愿做此事。［误］-Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?-I'dliketo，andI'mtoobusy［正］-Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?-I'dliketo，butI'mtoobusy［析］I'mtoobusy与I'dliketo在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境，更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。［误］-Where'sDeter?-Deterwillcomewithustonightbutheisn'tverysureyet［正］-Where'sDeter?-Determaycomewithustonightbutheisn'tverysureyet［析］由于but所引出的句子可以看出Deter的来与不来是十分不确定的，所以应用may来表达一个不肯定的事件。［误］-Hi，haven'tseenyouforages!Youlookfine!-GreatYoulookwelltoo［正］-Hi，haven'tseenyouforages!Youlookfine!-ThanksYoulookwelltoo［析］要注意的是Great在口语中多表示惊叹，而Thanks则表示感谢对方的称赞。所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定，要根据情景，身临其境，上下对照，周密思考，弄清场合，注意英美人的风俗习惯，注重语义上的词语辨析，并要进行大量的语言实践练习，扩大实际交际能力。（三）　例题解析1　-Wouldyouliketohavesomerice?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　Yes，IlikeB　Yes，pleaseC　ofcourseD　Yes，Ihave［答案］B.［析］当对方对你发出邀请的问语时，如果你想接受则讲Yes，please如不想接受则用No，thanks2　-Nicetoseeyou-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　GoodmorningB　Happytomeetyou，tooC　Nicetoseeyou，tooD　Pleasedtomeetyou，too［答案］C.［析］虽然A、B、D三个选项都可以作为某种问候语的答语，但英语中问候语的答语多用重复对方的话，以表达同样的心情。3　-Wouldyoupleasegivemesomewater?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　Yes，IwouldB　CertainlyC　No，thanksD　Yes，please\n［答案］B.［析］当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时，一般的回答是肯定的。而Yes，please为"是的，您请做某事吧"。这一含意显然不对。4　-Thankyouverymuchforhelpingme-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　You'rewelcomeB　Itdoesn'tmatterC　NoneedD　Don'tsaythat［答案］A.［析］You'rewelcome译为中文为：不用谢。而Itdoesn'tmatter则为：没关系。5　-Hello，LucyHowareyou?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿Andyou?A　Fine，thanksB　Yes，IamC　GladtomeetyouD　Goodafternoon［答案］A.［析］在正常交往中一定要避免所问非所答。所以对Howareyou?的答语应为"很好，谢谢!"6　-Helpyourselftosomemeat-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A　Itsoundsnice．B　Yes，please．C　Yes，Let'shelpeachother．D　Thankyou．［答案］D.［析］Helpyourselftosomemeat．你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意为主人劝客人不要客气，像在家里一样。7　-Oh，IamnotfeelingwellI'vegotacold-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A　Fine，Howareyou?B　NevermindTakecareC　Well，I'msuretogetweelsoon．D　I'msorrytohearthat［答案］D.［析］这是美国、英国的习惯用语，而B、C则是中国人常讲的答语。8　-MeimeiyouspeakEnglishverywell-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　No，Idon'tthinksoB　ThankyouverymuchC　NotgoodenoughD　That'sallright［答案］B.9　-"Kate，couldyouanswerthetelephone，please?"-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿,MumI'llgetit．A　Yes，IcouldB　No，thanksC　OKD　Yes，butIhavenotime\n［答案］C.［析］要注意could用于口语中是为了讲话的口气委婉，但它不是过去时态，也不是助动词，而应看作情态动词。所以在答语中则不应这样用。10　-CouldyoulookafterPollyformewhilewe'reaway?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A　No，thanks．B　Withpleasure．C　I'mnotafraid．D　I'msureyouwill．［答案］B.［析］Withpleasure是英语中的一句十分客气的答语，用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时，表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。11　-Hello!CouldIspeaktotheheadmaster，please?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A　Holdon，please．B　That'stheheadmaster，please．C　Whoareyou?please．D　SorryI'mnottheheadmaster．［答案］A.［析］holdon，please是指请对方等一等不要将电话放下的用语。如果要讲我就是的话不能用that，而要用this，在电话用语中that指对方，this指自己。12　-Happybirthday!-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A　Thankyou．B　Thesametoyou．C　Goodluck．D　Congratulations．［答案］A.［析］thesametoyou是同样祝贺对方的意思，不能用于生日这一祝贺语，除非两人的生日在同一天。13　-I'msorryIdon'tknowtheway，eitherYou'dbetteraskthatpolicemanforhelp-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A　Goodnight．B　That'snothing．C　Verywell．D　Thankyouallthesame．［答案］D.［析］当向对方求助时，对方无能为力，这时的感谢语则为Thankyouallthesame意为不管如何还是要谢谢你。14　-Ifellandhurtmyleglastweek，SoIcan'tdoanything-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　I'msorryB　Don'tworryC　GoodluckD　Badluck［答案］D.［析］如果用A则要用I'msorrytohearthat而不能单用I'msorry因I'msorry是向对方道歉。而badluck为真是不幸啊。15　-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿\n-IhavegotacoughA　What'syourtrouble?B　Whathaveyougot?C　Whydidyoucomehere?D　Haveyougotacough?［答案］A.［析］What'syourtrouble?多用于问对方有什么问题、麻烦或得了什么病。这种用语还有What'swrongwithyou?16　-Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A　Yes，I'dloveto．B　That'sright．C　Yes，please．D　Quitewell．［答案］A.［析］表示愿意作某事应讲：I'dlovetoI'dliketo17　-What'stheweatherliketoday!-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A　It'sniceforawalk．B　Ilikeautumnbestofall．C　Itwillbefinetomorrow．D　It'srathercoldtoday．［答案］D.［析］本题要注意问的是什么，不要所问非所答。因问题是今天的天气怎样，所以只能选D18　-IsJanein，please?Iwanttospeaktoher-Sorry，sheisoutYou'dbetter＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　visitherintheofficeB　callherlaterC　seeherthisafternoonD　speaktoheryourself［答案］B.［析］callherlater晚些时候再来电话。19　-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿-Verywell，thankyou，andyou?A　Howdoyoudo?B　GoodmorningC　Howareyouthesedays?D　HowdoyoulikeEnglish?［答案］C.［析］本题是由答语来推断问话，所以应熟悉英语的问答习惯：Howdoyoudo?的答语应为Howdoyoudo?20　-Howisyourmother?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A　Sheisold．B　Sheisnobetterthanshewas．C　Sheiskindhearted．D　Sheisinherforties．［答案］B.［析］Howisyourmother?问的是你妈身体如何，而B选项则是"她不比以前强"。而其他三个选项则是所问非所答。\n21　-Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　You'rewelcomeB　Pleasedon'tC　There'snotroubleD　No，no［答案］A.22　YourunclehastakenyoutothecinemaAfterwardsyouthankhimHesays"＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．"A　ItwasnothingB　I'mgladyouenjoyeditC　Don'tsayitD　No，needn't［答案］B.［析］这是英语的答语，千万不要选A，因它是中文习惯的答语。23　-Thankyouforyourgoodpresent-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　It'snotgoodB　No，noC　MypleasureD　Nevermind［答案］C.24　Whensomeonedidagooddeedforyou，youshouldsay＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A.youaretoogoodB.It'sverykindofyouC.youareverykindD.I'llthankyou［答案］B.25　-IamverysorryIamlatefordinner-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A.No，youaren'tB.That'sallrightC.Yes，youareD.No，youdon't［答案］B.［析］That'sallright没关系。26　-I'msorryifIhurtyou-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　I'msorryB　It'snottrueC　Itdoesn'tmatterD　Don'tsaysorry［答案］C.27　-Ishouldhavegonetoseetheexhibitionwithyou-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　I'msorryB　WhatapityC　Itdoesn'tmattertomeD　That'sterrible［答案］B.［析］Whatapity.真遗憾。第一句应为我真该和你一起去展览会。28　-Helpyourselftosomefish-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　YouareverykindB　Yes，I'mhelpingmyselfC　ThankyouD　Yes，don'tworryaboutme［答案］C.\n29　-Areyouready?-______．A　I'mverysorryB　TrytobepatientC　Notyet，waitaminuteD　Doyouhavethetime，please?［答案］C.［析］notyet意为还没有完成。30　-Mum，Ihavepassedtheexam-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　That'sallrightB　CongratulationsC　YouareluckD　Goodlucktoyou［答案］B.31　-IthinkIhavetoleaveIhopewecangettogetheragain-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　AllrightB　That'sallrightC　OKD　Ihopeso，too［答案］D.32　MustIwaittillhecomesback?．A　No，youneedn'tB　No，youmustn'tC　No，youmaynotD　No，youcan't［答案］A.［析］must提问表示必须这样做吗?而肯定句要用must，表示必须做，而否定句则要用needn't表示没有必要做。33　-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿Ipayyouthehouserentrightaway?-Yes，youhavetodoitA　ShallB　WayC　MustD　Have［答案］C.34　-Don'tyouthinkthiscolouristoobright?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A　Yes，Iagree．B　Yes，butIdon'tthinkso．C　Yes，ofcoursenot．D　Yes，what'swrong?［答案］A.35　-Itwascoldyesterday-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　SowasitB　SoitwasC　IbelievenotsoD　Ibelievenot［答案］B.［析］当答语只是重复对方讲的话时，则不用倒装。因soitwas即为：是的，天气昨天很冷。而当讲前面讲的动作也适合于另一个人时，则要倒装。如：IwenttothecinemayesterdaySodidI表示对方去了电影院，我也去了。36　-Whatdoyouthinkofthesong?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　IlikemusicverymuchB　IlikeittooC　WithpleasureD　Itsoundssweet［答案］D.［析］sound\n在这里是系动词，为听起来很甜美。系动词后要用形容词，而不要用被动语态。37　Doyouliketeaorcoffee?＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　Yes，IdoB　ThankyouC　That'sfineD　Eitherwilldo［答案］D.［析］eitherwilldo为两者哪个都可以。38　Ilikeyoursweaterverymuch＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　No，it'suglyB　SorryC　ThankyouD　You'rewelcome［答案］C.［析］这是英美语言的习惯。39　Helikestravellingbytrain＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　SodoIB　IdosC　IlikesoD　Ilikeit，neither［答案］A.40　-Howdoyoulikeyourschool?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　IlikeitverymuchB　It'sverybeautifulC　Idoesn'tlikeitD　Verywell［答案］B.［析］Howdoyoulike…是问你们学校是怎样值得你热爱的。也就是为什么你热爱你的学校。41　Whataniceday!＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A　You'reright．B　No，isn'tit?C　Yes，isn'tit?D　Really?［答案］C.［析］Yes，isn'tit是的，难道不是个好天气吗?42　-Hello，＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿?-ThisisDellaspeakingA　WhoareyouB　AreyouTomC　WhoisthatD　Pleasetellmewhoareyou［答案］C.［析］电话用语中that指对方，而this指自己。43　-What'shelike?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　HelikesEnglishB　HeisoldC　HeislikeafarmerD　Heistallandthis［答案］D.［析］要区分What'shelike?如Whatdoeshelike?前者为：他长得什么样?而后者是：他喜欢什么。44　Howdidyoudoyourjob?Notverywell，＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　I'msureB　IamafraidC　ThankyouD　I'msorry\n［答案］B.［析］Iamafraid我恐怕是，我想是。45　-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿youraunt?-SheisaprincipalofamiddleschoolA　WhatdoesB　WheredoesC　WhatisD　Whomis［答案］C.46　-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿-HeismybossA　What'stheman?B　Whoistheman?C　Howistheman?D　Whatdoesthemando?［答案］B.47　-MayIhaveyourname?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　No，noB　You'repoliteC　CallmeJohnD　It'skindofyou［答案］C.48　-ShallImakecoffeeforyou?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　Yes，thankyouB　No，don'ttroubleC　Don'ttroublethis，thankyouD　No，don'tmakeit［答案］A.49　-CouldyoushowmethewaytoMrBuown'soffice?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　NotatallB　I'msureC　AllrightD　Icandoit［答案］C.50　-Shallwegoswimmingtomorrowafternoon?-＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．A　It'sverykindofyouB　YouaresothoughtfulC　That'sagoodideaD　Yes，we'llgo［答案］C.