初中英语词汇辨析 5页

初中英语词汇辨析例：spend/take/payspend“花费”常用于Sb．spend（s）somemoney（time）onsth．或Sb．spend（s）somemoney（time）（in）doingsth．其主语一般是人。如：Hespent20yuanonthepen．他花了20元钱买了这支钢笔。Ispentaweek（in）finishingreadingthebook．我花了一周时间读完这本书。take常用于占用或花费“时间”，其句型为：Sth．takessb．time或Ittakessb．timetodosth．如：Theworkwilltakeustwohours．这项工作将花费我们两小时。　IttookmethreedaystotraveltoBeijing．我在北京旅游了三天。pay“付款、给……报酬”，它可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。pay常用于以下几种句型：①Sb．pay（s）sb．money意为“某人付款给另一个人或某人给另一个人多少报酬”。如：Hepaysmefiftyyuanaweek．他每周给我五十元的报酬。②payforsth．意为“付……款、给……报酬”。如：Hehaspaidforthemeal．他已付了那顿饭的钱。③paymoneyforsth．意为“花多少钱买某物”。如：Myfatherpaid40poundsforthedesk．我父亲花了40英磅买了这张书桌。1.clothes,cloth,clothingclothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth指布，为不可数名词clothing服装的总称，一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof　2.incident,accidentincident指小事件,accident指不幸的事故Hewaskilledintheaccident.3.amount,numberamount后接不可数名词，number后接可数名词anumberofstudents4.family,house,homehome家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员。Myfamilyisahappyone.5.sound,voice,noisesound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.6.photo,picture,drawingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画Let'sgoandseeagoodpicture.7.vocabulary,wordvocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word具体的单词Hehasalargevocabulary.　8.population,peoplepopulation人口，人数，people具体的人Chinahasalargepopulation.9.weather,climateweather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况Theclimatehereisnotgoodforyou.10.road,street,path,wayroad具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径takethisroad;inthestreet,Showmethewaytothemuseum.11.course,subjectcourse课程（可包括多门科目），subject科目（具体的学科）asummercourse12.custom,habitcustom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接todo，habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接ofdoing.I'vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.13.cause,reasoncause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接ofsth./doingsth，reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接forsth./doingsth.thereasonforbeinglate14.exercise,exercises,practiceexercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习。Practicemakesperfect.15.class,lesson作“课”解时，两者可以替换。指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class.Lesson6;Class516.speech,talk,lecturespeech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture学术性的演讲，讲课aseriesoflectureon…17.officer,officialofficer部队的军官，official政府官员anarmyofficer18.work,job二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数agoodjob。19.couple,paircouple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西apairoftrousers20.country,nation,state,landcountry侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家Thewholenationwassadatthenews.21.cook,cookercook厨师，cooker厨具Heisagoodcook.22.damage,damagesdamage不可数名词，损害，损失;damages复数形式，赔偿金$900damages23.police,policemanpolice警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的警察Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.24.problem,questionproblem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask,answer连用。5\n25.man,amanman人类，aman一个男人Manwillconquernature.26.chick,chicken二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉Thechickenisdelicious.27.telegram,telegraph当电报解时，telegram指具体的，telegraph指抽象的atelegram,bytelegraph28.trip,journey,travel,voyagetravel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行athree-daytrip29.sport,game　sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则Hisfavoritesportisswimming.30.price,prizeprice价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金winthefirstprizeThepriceishigh/low.&<60;&<60;31.anumberof,thenumberofanumberof许多，谓语动词用复数。thenumberof…的数目，谓语动词用单数。Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.32.infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof范围外的前面，inthefrontof范围内的前面Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.33.oftheday,ofadayoftheday每一天的，当时的，当代的，ofaday暂时的，不长久的afamousscientistoftheday34.threeofus,thethreeofusthreeofus我们（不止三个）中的三个，thethreeofus我们三个（就三个人）Thethreeofus---Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.　35.bybus,onthebusbybus表手段，方式，不用冠词，onthebus表范围Theywenttherebybus.36.foramoment,forthemomentforamoment片刻，一会儿，forthemoment暂时，一时Thinkingforamoment,heagreed.37.nextyear,thenextyearnextyear明年，将来时间状语，thenextyear第二年，过去将来时间状语Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.38.morethanayear,morethanoneyearmorethanayear一年多，morethanoneyear超过一年（两年或三年等）39.takeadvice,takethe(one's)advicetakeadvice征求意见，taketheadvice接受忠告He　refusedtotaketheadviceandfailedagain.40.takeair,taketheairtakeair传播，走漏，taketheair到户外去，散步Wetaketheaireveryday.41.inaword,inwordsinaword总之，一句话，inwords口头上Inaword,youareright.42.inplaceof,intheplaceofinplaceof代替，intheplaceof在…地方Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone.43.insecret,inthesecretinsecret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；inthesecret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语Mymotherwasinthesecretfromthebeginning.44.agirl,onegirlagirl可泛指所有女孩,onegirl一个女孩Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox?45.takeachair,takethechairtakeachair相当于sitdown坐下，takethechair开始开会46.gotosea,bysea,bythesea50.inchargeof,inthechargeofinchargeof管理，负责照料，inthechargeof由……照料Heisinchargeofthematter.Thematterisinthechargeofher.51.inclass,intheclassinclass在课上，intheclass在班级里Heisthebeststudentintheclass.52.onfire,onthefireonfire着火,onthefire在火上Putthefoodonthefire.Thehouseisonfire.53.outofquestion,outofthequestionoutofquestion毫无疑问的，outofthequestion不可能的54.asecond,thesecondasecond又一，再一，thesecond第……Hewonthesecondprize.55.byday,bythedaybyday白天，bytheday按天计算Theworkersarepaidbytheday.56.thepeople,apeoplethepeople指人，apeople指民族TheChineseisapeace-lovingpeople.57.it,oneit同一物体，one同类不同一Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.58.that,thisthat指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的Iwasill.That'swhy….59.none,nothing,noonenone强调有多少，nothing,noone强调有没有，nothing指物，noone指人---Howmany…/Howmuch…?---None.60.anyone,anyoneanyone指人，不能接of，anyone指人物均可，可接ofanyoneofyou61.who,whatwho指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位Whatisyourdad?Heisateacher.5\n62.what,whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择&<60;&<60;Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?　63.other,anotherother后接名词复数，another后接名词单数otherstudents,anotherstudent64.notalittle,notabitnotalittle非常，notabit一点也不I'mnotabittired.我一点儿也不累。65.many,much,alotofmany和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，alotof可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句Ihaven'tmanybooks.66.muchmore…than,manymore…thanmuchmore…than后接形容词或不可数名词，manymore…than后接可数名词manymorepeople,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful67.no,not　no=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriendnowater=notanywater68.nomorethan,notmorethannomorethan相当于only，仅仅，只有，notmorethan至多，不超过69.majority,mostmajority只能修饰可数名词，most可数不可数均可themajorityofpeople70.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneselfbyoneself单独的，独自的，foroneself为自己，tooneself供自己用的，ofoneself自行的，自动的Thedooropenedofitself.71.atall,afterallatall根本，全然,afterall到底，毕竟Afterallheisachild.72.tall,hightall常指人或动物，high常指物体Heistall.73.fast,quickly　fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快runfast,answerthequestionquickly74.high,highlyhigh具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的thinkhighlyof75.healthy,healthfulhealthy健康的，健壮的，healthful有益于健康的healthfulexercise76.sleeping,asleep,sleepysleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的&<60;&<60;asleepingbabyThebabyisasleep.I'msleepy.77.gold,goldengold指真金制品，golden指金色的，但金鱼用goldfish,agoldring78.most,mostlymost用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，mostly大部分，是副词mostpeople,thepeoplearemostly…79.just,veryjust表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语theveryman,justtheman80.wide,broadwide侧重于一边到另一边的距离，broad侧重于幅面的宽广broadshoulders81.real,truereal真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合realgold,atruestory82.respectful,respectablerespectful尊敬，有礼貌，respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的berespectfultotheaged83.outwards,outward二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，outward还可用作形容词anoutwardvoyage84.pleasant,pleased,pleasingpleasant常用作定语，pleased,pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物apleasanttripThetripispleasing.85.understanding,understandableunderstanding明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable可理解的，能够懂的&<60;&<60;anunderstandinggirl,anunderstandablemistake86.close,closelyclose接近，靠近，closely紧紧地，紧密地closelyconnected,standclose87.ill,sickill做表语，sick定，表均可asickboy88.good,wellgood形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词Heiswellagain.89.quiet,silent,stillquiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不动，完全无声响Hestandtherestill.他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。90.hard,hardlyhard努力，hardly几乎不workhard,Icanhardlybelieveit.91.able,capableable与不定式todo连用，capable与of连用Heiscapableofdoing…92.almost,nearly二者均为“几乎,差不多”和否定词连用用almostalmostnobody&<60;&<60;93.late,latelylate迟，晚，lately最近，近来Ihaven'tseenhimlately.94.living,alive,live,livelyliving,alive,live均为活着的，living定表均可，alive5\n定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，lively意为活波的allthelivingpeople=allthe　peoplealive95.excited,excitingexcited使人兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的I'mexcited.Thenewsisexciting.96.deep,deeplydeep具体的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地deeplymoved,digdeep97.aloud,loudaloud出声地，loud大声地readaloud(出声地读)98.worth,worthy　二者均为值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接tobedone126.careabout,careforcareabout关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；carefor关心，照料，喜欢，愿意&<60;&<60;Hedoesn'tcareabouthisclothes.Idon'tcareformovies.127.catchacold,haveacoldcatchacold不能和表示“一段时间”的状语连用，而haveacold可以Shehashadacoldforaweek.128.changefor,changeintochangefor调换成，changeinto变成Changetheshirtforabiggerone.Waterchangesintoice.129.continue,last二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动　Thewarcontinued/lastedfiveyears.Thestoryistobecontinued.130.feed,raisefeed喂养，养活，饲养(togivefoodto)，raise饲养，养育(causetogrow,bringupchildren)raisethefamily131.goforadoctor,gotoadoctorgoforadoctor去请医生，gotoadoctor去看病132.notice,observe,catchsightofnotice注意到，observe观察，仔细地看，catchsightof突然看到observethestars133.insiston,sticktoinsiston坚持要求，后常接doing,stickto坚持,后常接sth.,sticktotheplan134.look,seem,appearlook指从外表上看，seem指内心的判断，appear指给　人以表面的印象appearwise,looklikehisfather135.gather,collectgather把分散的东西集中到一起，collect指精心地、有选择地进行收集collectstamps136.meantodo,meandoingmeantodo打算，想要做某事，meandoing意思是，意味着BythisImeangivingthestudentsmorepractice.137.diefrom,dieofdiefrom表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，dieof表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素dieofhungerandcold　　138.payfor,payback,payoffpayfor为…付钱，payback还钱，但不一定还清，payoff还清payforthebook,payoffthedebt139.divide,separatedivide把一个整体分成几部分，separate把连在一起的个体分开dividetheapple,separatethehouses140.arrive,get,reacharrive不及物动词，后接in(大地点)，at(小地点)，get不及物动词后接to，reach及物动词arriveinBeijing,gettoBeijing,reachBeijing141.grow,plantgrow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去，plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物plantthetrees,treesaregrowing142.manage,trymanagetodo设法做成了某事，trytodo尽力去做某事但不一定成功Hetriedtopasstheexam,buthefailed.143.choose,selectchoose凭个人的判断力进行选择，select有目的地仔细认真地选择choosethebestanswer144.build,putup,setup,foundbuild一般用语，建成，putup临时搭建，setup建成（内部的设施基本齐全），found国家或组织的建成putupatent,setupaschool145.befamiliarto,befamiliarwithbefamiliarto某物对某人来说是熟悉的，befamiliarwith某人熟悉某物&<60;&<60;Thebookisfamiliartome.I'mfamiliarwiththebook.146.agreewith,agreeto,agreeonagreewith同意某人，agreeto同意某事，agreeon在……上达成一致意见，主语是复数agreewithyou,agreetotheplan147.throwto,throwatthrowto扔到……,throwat朝……扔Hethrowastoneatme.148.receive,acceptreceive收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept接受Ireceivedagift,butIdidn'tacceptit.149.wear,puton,dresswear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等，可用进行时，dress接人，bedressedin,puton表动作It'scoldoutside.Putonyourwarmclothes.150.listen,hearlisten强调动作，hear强调结果Ilistened,butIheardnothing.5\n5