新课标初中英语常用口语集萃 24页

初中英语教师口语技能提高项目实验研究培训资源课堂用语及日常生活用语一、课堂用语（一）课前用语1．Howmanyminutesaretheretogo?还几分钟上课？2．Therearestillfiveminutestogo.还有5分钟上课。3．Isittimeforclass?到上课时间了吗?4．Classwillbeginsoon.很快就要上课了。5．It’sabouttohaveaclass.很快就要上课了。6．Hasthebellrung?打铃了吗？7．Hasthebellgoneoffyet?已经打铃了吗？8．Didthebellring?打铃了吗？9．Theregoesthebell.铃响了。Thereisthebell.Thebellisringing。10．Theteacherishere.Bequiet.老师来了，大家安静。Herecomestheteacher.Bequiet.11．Let’sgetreadyforclass.准备上课。12．Getoutyourbooks,please.请拿出书来。13．Takeoutyournotebooksandputthemondesks.拿出笔记本，把它们放到课桌上。14．Getyournotebooks,pencil-boxesandquiz-booksreadybeforethelessonbegins.上课之前，请把笔记本.铅笔盒和检测本准备好。15．Pleasegeteverythingreadyforclass.准备上课。Bereadyforclass.16．Ready?准备好了吗？Areyouready?17．Let’ssinganEnglishsongbeforeourclass.上课之前，让我们唱首英文歌吧。18．Let’splayagamebeforewebeginournewlesson.新课前我们做个游戏吧。（二）上课：（Beginningaclass）1．Nowclassbegins.上课。\nClassbegins.It’stimeforclass.Let’sstartnow.Let’sbegin/start/haveourclass/lesson.2．Standup,please.起立！（三）问候（Greeting）1．Hello/Hi,boysandgirls/everyone/students/class.同学们好！2．Goodmorning/afternoon,class/everyone/everybody/children/boysandgirls.上午/下午好！3．Howareyoutoday?你（们）好！4．Nicetomeet/seeyou(again).见到你们很高兴！It’snicetoseeyou.5．Areyouallwellthismorning?你们好吗？Howarethingswithyou?6.HappyChildren’sDay!儿童节快乐！7.HappyNewYear!新年快乐！8．Sitdown,please.请坐！Pleasebeseated.（四）考勤（Checkingattendance）1．Who’sondutytoday?今天谁值日？2．Who’shelpingthismorning/today?今天谁值日？3．I’monduty./Iam.我（值日）。4．Areyouallhere?大家来齐了吗？Iseveryone/everybodyhere/present?5．Everybodyishere.我们都来齐了。Weareallhere.Allarepresent.WeareallhereexceptMary.除了玛丽都来了。No,Maryisabsent.不，玛丽缺席了。6．Isanyone/anybodyaway/absent?谁缺席了？Who’sabsent/away?7．Whereishe/she?他/她在哪？What’sthematter/troublewithher/him?她/他怎么了？What’swrongwithher/him?Whathappenedtohim?\nWhyisshe/heabsent/away?她/他为什么缺席？8．He/Sheisill.他/她病了。He/She’sgotacold.他/她感冒了。He/She’sgotafever.他/她发烧了。He/She’sonleave.他/她请假了。He/She’sonsick/personalleave.他/她请病假/事假了。He/She’saskedforabsentleave.他/她请假了。He/Shesentwordtoaskforleave.他/她带口信请假了。Shehasgotsomethingimportanttodo.她有重要的事。9．Trytobeontime.下次别迟到。Don’tbelatenexttime.Don’tbelateanymore.Comeearliernexttime.10．Gobacktoyourseat,please.请回到座位上。Gotoyourseat.11．Whatdayisittoday?今天星期几？It’sFriday.今天星期五。Howdoyouspelltheword“F-R-I-D-A-Y”?“Friday”怎么拼写?What’sthedatetoday?今天几号？12．What’stheweatherliketoday?今天天气怎么样？How’stheweathertoday?What’sitlikeoutside?13．It’sfine.(cloudy/rainy/windy…)今天天气很好（多云/有雨/有风）（五）宣布（Announcing）1．Let’sstart/beginworking/anewlesson.我们开始上课吧。Let’sbegin/startourlesson.Nowwewillhavetoday’slesson.Nowlet’sgoon(withourlesson).2．Pleasegeteverythingreadyforclass.请准备上课。3．First,let’sreviewsomethingthatwelearnedyesterday.Let’sreviewthelesson.首先，我们预习一下昨天学过的内容。Whocantell/remembermewhatwelearnedinthelastlesson/yesterday?谁能说一下我们上节课/昨天所学的内容？Let’shaveadictationfirst,watchyourspellingandhandwriting.我们先听写，注意拼写和书写。\nTakeoutapiece/sheetofpaperandgetreadyfordictation.拿出一张纸准备听写。4．Somuchfordictation.就听写到这。That’sallfordictation.5．Youhavetwominutestocheckwhatyou’vewritten.给你2分钟检查一下你所写的内容。Goovercarefullywhatyou’vewritten.认真复习一下你写的内容。6．Takeoutyournotebooks/yourbooks.拿出笔记本/书。Openyourbooksandturntopage21.把书打到21页。Putyourbooksonyourdesks,please.请把书放到课桌上。7．Nowwe’regoingtodosomethingnew/different.我们将做些不同的事。Nowlet’slearnsomethingnew.现在让我们做些不同的事。Todaywe’lllearnsomenewwordsanddrillsomenewsentencepatterns.Wehavesomenewwords/sentencespatterns.今天我们学习一些新的单词/句型。8．Readafterme,please.请跟我读。Followme,please.DowhatIdo.Oncemoreplease.再读一遍。Onemoretime,please.Repeat,please.9．Whocanreadthem?谁能读？Letmetry.我试试。（六）提起注意（Directingattention)1．Ready?/Areyouready?准备好了吗？2．Yes/Yeah.(Weareready.)准备好了。3．Didyougetthere?你们明白吗？Doyouunderstand?Areyouclear?Isthatclear?Canyoufollowme?DoyouunderstandwhatI’vejustsaid?Isthereanythingnotclear?有什么不清楚的吗？Whohasanyquestions?有问题吗？Arethereanyquestions?\nDoyouhaveanyquestions?Anymorequestions?还有问题吗？4．Doyouknowwhattodo?你们知道做什么吗？Anyvolunteers?谁愿意做？Whovolunteers?Whowouldliketodoit?5．Bequiet/Quiet,please.请安静！Stoplaughing.不要笑了。Silence,please.安静！Stoptalking.不要说话了。Don’ttalkanymore.No（more）talking.6．Listencarefully.认真听。Listentomecarefully.7．Lookcarefully.注意看。Watchcarefully.Areyouwatching?Listentothetaperecorder/recording.听磁带。8．Pleaselookattheblackboard/picture/map….请看黑板/图片/地图…9．Payattentiontoyourspelling/pronunciation/writing.注意你的拼写/发音/书写。10．Putupyourhand(s)/Handsup,please.请举手。Raiseyourhandsbeforeaskingaquestion.问问题前请举手。11．Goback,please.请回吧。12．Isthatright?对吗13．That’sallright.那好吧。14．Handinyourpapers,please.请交卷。15．Nowpleasebeseatedwellandlistentome.现在请做好听我说。16．I’llaskyousomequestions.我要问你们一些问题。18．FirstIreaditforyou.首先我给你们读。Pleasereaditbyyourselves.请自己读。19．Ibegyourpardon?请再说一遍。20．Louder,please.请大点声。21.Attention,please.请注意。\n（七）课堂活动（Classroomactivities）1．Start/Startnow.现在开始。2．Everybodytogether一起来。Alltogether.3．Practiceinagroup/groups.以小组形式（练习）Ingroups,please.4．Everybodyfindsapartner/friend.每个人找一个搭档/朋友。5．Inpairs/twos,please.两人一组。6．Whowouldliketospeakfirst?谁愿意先说。Whowillbethefirsttospeak?7．Oneatatime.一个接一个去做。Let’sdoitonebyone.Onebyone,please.Oneaftertheother,please.8．Nowyou,please./Yourturn（student’sname）.现在你来。Next,please.下一位。It’syourturn.到你了Whoseturnisit?轮到谁了？9．Standinline/Lineup.站成一排。10．Let’sact.Let’sactout/dotheconversation.我们来表演（这个对话）。11．Practicetheconversation,please.练习这个对话。NowMarywillbeA,andtheotherwillbeB.现在Mary是A,另一个是BPleasetake(play)thepartof……请表演你那部分…13．Don’tspeakout.不要说出来。14．Turnaround.转过去。15．Nowwehavefinishedthelesson.现在我们已经学完这课了。16．Therearefiveminutestogo.还有5分钟。17．Let’shaveanEnglishgame.我们做个英语游戏吧。18．Let’sdivideintofourgroupsnow.我们分成四组。19．Letmetellyousomerulesofthegame.我来告诉你们游戏规则。20．Thesecondgroupisthebestone.第二组是最好的。\n21．Letmethinkforamoment.让我想一下。22．NowIthinkthatisenoughforthisclass.这节课就讲这么多。23．Nowletmeexplainhowwearegoingtohaveit.现在我来解释一下我们怎么做。24．Iputfivequestionsinpaper.我在纸上写5个问题。25．Pleasewriteneatlyandclearly.请写的干净整洁。26．Duringtheexamsnooneisallowedtowhispertoeachotherandmakecheating.考试期间不要交头接耳或作弊。27．Isthereanythingelseyoudon’tunderstand?还有不明白的吗？28．Ifnot,let’sgoon.如果没有，咱们继续。29．Thinkoverthequestionbeforeyouanswerit.你回答问题前想一想。30．Don’tforgettowritedownyournameandnumber.别忘了写上名字和号码。31．Mary,pleasecollectyourgroup’spapers.玛丽，请把你们组的卷说上来。32．Pleasetellmewhatyousaidmoreslowly.请再慢点说一遍。33．Nowlet’stalkaboutthepicture.现在我们谈论一下这幅图。34．Let’spracticetheconversation.我们来练习对话。35．What’sthetitleofthereading?这个阅读的题目是什么?36．WhocantranslateitintoChinese?谁能翻译成汉语？37．Bothofyoureadtheconversation,please.你们俩读对话。38．Howtoreadthisword?怎么读这个单词？39．What’stheChinesemeaningofthisword?这个单词的汉译是什么？40．Lookupthewordinthedictionaryafterclass.课后在字典中查这个单词。41．Idon’tunderstandthesesentences.我不明白这些句子。42．Wouldyoumindrepeatingthem?你介意重复一遍吗？43．Allright,I’llexplainonceagain.好的，我再解释一遍。\n44．I’mclearnow,letmetrytomakeone.现在我明白了，让我试着再造一个吧。45．Isitright?对吗？Rightorwrong?对不对？46．Whocantellmethemainmeaningoftheparagraph?谁能说一下这个片段的主要意思？47．Canyouuseonesentenceortwosummarizethisparagraph?你能用一两句总结这个片段？48．What’sthemainideaofthereading?这个阅读的主要观点是什么?49．Whocandoitfirst?谁能先做？50．Youdidn’ttellmethemainideabutrecitedthetext.你没告诉我主要观点而是复述了课文。51．Tellthemainideainyourownwords.用你自己的话说说主要的观点。52．Nowletmesaythemainidea,afterthatyouwillretellwhatIsay.现在我说主要观点，然后你复述。53．Howdoyouspellthisword?你怎么拼写这个单词？54．Yesorno?是不是？55．Theusageofthewordisasfollows:这个单词的用法如下：56．Followtheexampleandmakeanewonebyyourselves.仿造例句独自造一个新句子。57．What’swrongwiththestructureofthesentence?这个句子结构有什么问题？58．Haveyounoticedyourownmistakeingrammar?你注意到自己的语法错了吗？59．Whoknowsthedifferencebetween“A”and“B”?谁知道A和B之间的不同？60．NotinChinesebutinEnglish.不用汉语而用英语。61．Idon’tunderstandthemeaningofthelastsentenceinthereading.我不明白阅读中最后一个句子的意思。62．Ithinkyouknowthemeaningofitnow.我想你现在知道它的意思了吧。63．Oh,Iseeitmeansthat…哦，我知道它的意思是……\n64．Whatdoyouthinkofthisanswer?你认为这个答案怎样？65．Doyouthinkheisright?你觉得他对吗？66．Let’sexplainthereading.让我们来解释一下这篇阅读吧。67．ThemeaningofthefirstsentenceinChineseis…第一句的汉译是……68．Trytomakesentenceswiththem.尽量用他们做句子。69．Mary,wouldyoumakeone?玛丽，你可以做一个句子吗？70．I’msorryIhaven’tmademyselfclear.很抱歉，我有点不明白。71．Idon’tunderstandthesesentences.我不理解这些句子。72．Ifyouareallclear,let’sgoonwiththereading.如果你们都明白了，让我们一起继续看阅读。73．I’dliketoaskyouaquestion.我想问你一个问题。74．Youhaveafewminutestoorganizeyourthought.你可以利用几分钟整理一下你的思路。75．Firstwe’llstudythetext.AndthenI’llaskyousomequestions.Iftimepermits,we’llhaveashortdictation.我们先学课文，然后我提问，如果还有时间我们就进行一小段听写。76．Todaywe’llhaveageneralrevision(review)ofwhatwehavelearnedsofar.今天我们要全面复习所学过的东西。77．Todaylet’ssumupthemidtermexam.Afterthatwe’lltakeupthenewlesson.今天我们来总结一下期中考试的情况，总结后上新课。78．Todaywe’llhavelisteningpractice.Afterthatwe’llsumuptheusagesofthedefinitearticle.今天我们先做听力练习，然后总结定冠词的用法。79．Firstlet’shaveastudenttogiveabriefsummingupofwhatwe’velearntinthislesson.Thenwe’lldosomeoralandwrittenexercises.先请一位同学对本课学的内容进行简单总结，然后作口头练习和书面练习。80．Nowwe’llhaveaspellingcheck.Canyouspellallthenewwordsinthislesson?现在我们检查拼写。本课的生词你们都会拼写了吗？\n81．MaryandTom,youtwocometotheblackboard,youotherswritethewordsinyourexercisebooks.I’llreadeachwordtwice.Givethespelling,meaningandpartofspeechofeachword.玛丽和汤姆，你们俩到黑板跟前来，其他同学请在本子上写。每个词念两遍，要求你们写出拼法、词义、词类。82．Nowlookattheblackboardandseeiftheyhavemadeanymistakes.大家看黑板，看看他们有没有写错。83．Whatabouttheword“picture”?Marydropped(leftout)thefinal“e”fromit.“picture”这个词拼得怎么样？玛丽把“picture”的最后一个字母“e”漏掉了。84．DidTomspelltheword“field”correctly?DidTomgettheword“field”right?“field”这个词汤姆写对了没有？85．No,heputtheletter“e”beforetheletter“i”.That’swrong.没有写对。他把“e”写在“i”的前面了。这不对。86．Whatabouttheword“beginning”?beginning这个词拼得怎样？87．Weshoulddoublethefinal“n”beforeaddingthesuffix“i-n-g”,butTomdidn’t.最后一个字母“n”应该双写，然后再加后缀“ing”,但汤姆没有这样做。88．Nowyouaregoingtoreadthetextinturn.Watchyourpronunciationandintonation.Mary,supposeyoustartfirst.现在大家轮流读课文。请注意语音语调，汤姆，你先读吧。89．That’lldo./Juststophere./That’senough./That’sallright.行了，就念到这儿吧。90．Finishreadingtheparagraph.停止读这一段。Readthroughtotheend.把它读完。Tryandreadmoreclearly.试着读的更清楚一些。Don’thurry.Readcarefully.Takeyourtimeandreadcarefully.别着急，仔细的读读。91．Willyoumakeasentenceafterthemodel?请按照范例造个句子，好吗？92．Whatdoyouseeinthispicture?Lookatthepictureandthekeywordsontheblackboard.Pleasesayafewsentencesaboutthepicture.请看黑板上的图画和单词。要求你们就图说一段话。93．Youshouldusecompletesentencesinansweringquestions.应该用完整的句子回答。94．Nowwe’llhaveoraltraining.I’llplayyoutherecording.Listencarefully,andthentrytosay\nwhatyou’veheard.现在我们做听力练习。我给你们放录音，请仔细听，然后复述。（八）请求（Request）1．Couldyoupleasetryitagain?你再重复一下好吗2．What’sthemeaningoftheword?这个词是什么意思？3．CanyousayitinChinese?你能用汉语说一下？4．CanyouexplainitinEnglish?你能用英语解释吗？5．Willyouexplainthewordtomeagain?你能再解释一遍吗？Willyouexplainitoncemore,please?6．Canyouthinkofawordorexpressionthathasthesamemeaning?你能想出有相同意思的单词或短语吗？Couldyoupleasesayitmoreslowly?你能慢点说吗？Canyousayitagain?你能再说一遍吗？7．Couldyoupleasetrythenextone?你能试一试下一个吗？8．Willyoupleasehelpme?你能帮我吗？9．Willyoupleasegivemeanotherexample?你能再给我举个例子吗？Canyougivemesomeexamples?你能再举些例子吗？10．DoyouunderstandtheexampleIgaveyou?你（们）明白我举的例子吗？11．Can/May/Iaskyousomequestions?我能问你一些问题吗？（九）鼓励（Encouraging）1．Canyoutry?你能试一试吗？2．Whowantstotry?谁想试一试？3．I’llhaveatry.我试一试。Ihaveatry.Tryplease.试试吧。Justhaveatry.Try/Doyourbest,please.尽你最大努力。Don’tbeafraidofmakingmistakes.别怕出错。4．I’msorryI’mnotveryclearbutletmetry.对不起，我不是很明白，让我试试。5．Thinkhard/Thinkagain.认真想想。Thinkcarefullybeforeyouanswer.回答前认真想想。Thinkitoverandtryagain.认真想想再试试。6．Ithinkyoucananswerthisquestion.我想你能回答这个问题。7．Don’tbeafraid/shy/nervous.别紧张。\n（十）指令（Insuringacommand）1．Comehere,please.过来。2．Pleasecometothefronttowritethemontheblackboard.请到前面来把他们写到黑板上。3．Comehereandwriteitontheblackboard.来这把答案写到黑板上。4．Pleasecometothefront/comeupandwriteontheblackboard.请到前面来写到黑板上。5．Bringmesomechalk,please.请帮我拿些粉笔。6．InEnglish,please.用英语说。Say/WriteitinChinese/inEnglish.用汉语/英语说。7．Putyourhand（s）up,please.请举手。Raiseyourhand（s）,please.Handsup,please.Putyourhandsdown,please.Handsdown,please.请把手放下。Pensdown,please.请把笔放下。8．Pleasetakeoutyourbooks.请把书拿出来。Pleaseopenyourbooksatpage…/andfindpage/turntopage….请把书打到…页。9．Pleaseanswerthequestion/questions.请回答这个问题。10．Pleasereadthisletter/word/sentenceoutloud.请大声读出这封信/这个词/这个句子。11．Cleanupyourdesk/theclassroom,please.请清理你（们）的课桌/教室。Tidyupyourdesk/theclassroom.12．Putyourthingsaway/cleanoffyourdesk.把东西从你的课桌上拿走。Cleantheblackboard.擦擦黑板。13．Putthetaperecorderaway.把磁带放进录音机。Putthetapeinitsbox/cassette.14．Listenandrepeat.听并跟读。Lookandlisten.看，听。Followthewords.读单词。15．Fast/Quickly/Bequick,please快点。Louder,please.大点声。Onceagain，butlouderplease.再说一遍，但是请大点声。\nHurry!/Hurryup,please.快点！（十一）禁止和警告（prohibitionandwarning）1．Stoptalking.Stoptalkingnow,please.Silence,please.请保持安静。Nomoretalking.不要再说话了。Don’ttalkanymore.Don’ttalk.Everybodyquiet,please.Settledown.2．Don’tbesilly.（十二）评价（assignment）1．Good,thankyou!Good!/Verygood/Goodjob/Goodwork/Goodexample.That’sgood,thankyou.Agoodanswer/nicework.Excellent/Great!/Welldone./Verygood/Ilikethewayyou…!Quiteright.That’squiteright.Good!Youknowyourlessonwell.Youdidn’tdoitwell,didyou?Youdidverywellinthefirstpart,butyouleftouttwosentencesinthelatterpart.2．Hedidquitewellthistime.这次他做的很好。3．Hemadeafewslips.他有点下降了。4．He’snotcarefulenoughwithhisgrammar.语法方面他不够仔细。5．Youranswerisnotquitetothepoint.你的答案不正确。Youranswerisoffthepoint.That’snotquiteright,anotheranswer?That’sclose.接近正确答案。That’salmostright.Notquite,cananyonehelphim/her?/tryitagain?不很正确，有人帮他/她吗？/再试一次？6．That’sinteresting.很有趣。That’sallright.7．Idon’tthinkso.Ithinkso.8．Agoodtry.好好试一试。\n9．Don’tworryaboutit.不要担心。Noproblem.OK/That’sOK.（十三）布置作业（Settinghomework）1．Fortoday’shomework….今天的作业……2．Pleasewritedownthehomeworkfortoday….请记下今天的作业……3．Theoral/writtenworkfortodayis….今天的口头/书面作业是……4．Practicetheconversationlikethisafterclass/athome.课后/在家这样练习对话。5．Sayitoutloudbeforeyouwriteitdown.在你写下之前大声说出来。6．Copy/Write/Printeachwordtwice.每个单词抄写四遍。Copythenewwordsinpage48twice.48页生词抄写两遍。Copyfivetimesforeachword.每个单词抄写五遍。Pleasewriteitwithpennotwithpencil.请用钢笔而不是用铅笔。7．Remember/Memorizethesewords,please.请记住这些单词。8．Learnthesewords/sentences/passagebyheart.请记住这些单词/句子/文章。Learnbyheartthepassagefromparagraph3toparagraph5.请背诵3段到5段。Learnthesecondparagraphbyheart.背第二段。9．Doyourhomework/Dothenextlesson/Dothenewworkcarefully.做作业/预习下一课/认真预习新课。10．Handinyourhomeworktomorrowmorning.明早交作业。11．Recitetheconversation,please.背诵对话。12．Makeupconversationsaccordingtothepassage.根据短文编对话。13．Areyouallclearabouttoday’shomework?今天的作业你们都清楚了吗？14．Rewritethetextyou’velearned.改写学过的课文。Writeashortpassageusingthesewords.用这些单词写一篇小作文。Writeacompositionofaboutthreehundredandfiftywords.写一篇350字的作文。15．Makeadraftfirst,andthencopyitintoyourexercisebooks.\n先打个草稿然后抄到练习本上。16．Today’shomework:learnthenewwordstaughttoday.今天的作业：学习今天所学的生词。Besurethatyouknowtheirspelling,pronunciationandmeaning.一定要理解他们的拼写、发音和意思。17．Learnthetextwell.学好这篇课文。18．Copythefollowingwords（sentences）.抄写下面的单词（句子）。19．Getpreparedtoretellthestory.准备复述这个故事。20．Youmustreviewtoday’slessonbeforedoingyourhomework.在做作业之间务必要复习今天的功课。（十四）下课（Dismissingtheclass）1．Handinyourworkbooks,please.请交作业。2．Timeisup,handinyourbooks,studentsattheback,passonyourexercisebooks.时间到了，把书交上来，后面的同学把练习本传过来。3．Thebellisringing.There’sthebell.Theregoesthebell（fordismissal）.4．That’sallfortoday.下课。Somuchfortoday.Let’sstopheretoday.We’llleaveoffheretoday.Classisover.That’sit.Let’shaveabreak.5．Goodbye/Bye/Seeyounexttime.*（十五）其他（Others）（仅供参考）1．Therearefiveparagraphsinthereading.2．Canyoumakenotes?你能注释吗？3．Changethisverbfromthepresentintothepasttenseandfuturetense.把这个词的现在形式变成过去式和将来式。4．Thepredicateverbmustagreewithitssubjectinpersonandnumber.谓语动词一定要和主语的人称和数一致。5．Youshouldknowtherulesoftheverb.6．Verbshavechangeofthethirdpersonsingularform.动词用于第三人称单数时有变化。7．Theuncountablenounhasnopluralform.\n不可数名词没有复数形式。8．What’sthesynonym/oppositeofthisword?这个词的同义词（反义词）是什么?9．Don’tconfusethesetwousages.不要混淆这两种用法。10．Wouldyoupleaseanalyzethesentence?请你分析一下这个句子好吗?11．TherearetenpartsofspeechinEnglish.英语有十大词类。12．Whatkindofsentenceisthis?这是什么句子？13．It’sasimplesentence.这是个简单句。14．It’sacompoundsentence.这是个并列句。15．It’sacomplexsentence.它是个复合句。16．It’sacompoundcomplexsentence.它是个并列复合句。17．It’sageneralquestion.它是个一般疑问句。18．It’saspecialquestion.这是个特殊问句。19．It’sdirectspeech.这是直接引语。20．It’sreportedspeech.这是间接引语。21．Thisisasubjectclause.这是个主语从句。22．Thisisanobjectclause.这是个宾语从句。23．Thisisapredicativeclause.这是个表语从句。24．Pleasechooseawordinsteadofthisclause.请用一句话代替这个句子。25．Pleaseturnthissentenceintotheinterrogative.请把这个句子变成疑问句。26．Pleasepointoutthesubjectandpredicateofthesentence.请指出这句话的主语、谓语。27．Trytopointoutthewordtheattributiveclausemodifies.试指出定语从句所修饰的词。28．Changetheattributiveclauseintoparticiplephrase.把定语从句变成分词短语。29．Thesentenceisinanactivevoice.这是个主动句。Canyouchangethesentenceintothepassivevoice?你能把这个句子变成被动句吗？30．What’swrongwiththestructureofthissentence?\n31．Puttheaccentontherightsyllable.重读要正确。32．Readthestressedsyllableclearly.重读音节要读清楚。33．Noticetheincompleteexplosions.注意不完全爆破。34．Readthesephrasesandsentencesaloud,payingattentiontoliaison.朗读这些短语和句子，要注意连读。35．Whenyoureadaloud,youshouldpayattentiontosentencestress,sensegroup,pauseandliaison.朗读时，注意句子重音、意群、停顿和连读。36．Thisisageneralquestion.Itshouldbereadintherisingtone.这是一般问句，应该用声调。37．Usethefallingtonewhenwereadspecialquestions.读特殊疑问句的时候要用降调。38．Thisisapropernoun.Noticethefirstletteriscapitalized.这是专有名词,第一个字母要大写。39．Givethepluralformofthisnoun.说出这个名词的复数形式。40．Herethepronounisusedastheobjectoftheverb,soitisintheobjectivecase.这里人称代词用作动词的宾语，因此要用宾格。41．Givethecomparativedegreeandsuperlativedegreeofthisadjective.说出这个形容词的比较级和最高级。42．Isthisatransitiveverboranintransitiveverb?Ifitisatransitiveverb,what’sitsobject?这是及物动词还是不及物动词？如果是及物动词。它的宾语是什么？43．Givethethreepartsoftheseirregularverbs.写出这些不规则动词的三种形式。44．Inthiscase,whattenseshouldbeused?在这种情况下，应该用什么时态？45．Thissentenceisintheactivevoice.Canyouchangeitintothepassivevoice?这个句子是主动语态，你能把它变成被动语态吗？46．Isitagerundoraparticiple?这是个动名词还是现在分词？47．Changethedirectspeechofthesesentencesintoreportedspeech.48．Grammatically,itisallright,butitisnotquiteidiomatic.从语法上来看，这句话没有错，但他不太符合英语习惯。49．Payattentiontothewordorder.ThewordorderinChineseisoftendifferentfromthatinEnglish.注意词序。汉语的词序往往与英语不同。\n50．Canyouchangetheaffirmativesentenceintoanegative（interrogative）sentence?你能把这个肯定句改成否定句（疑问句）吗？51．Lookatthethirdwordfromthebottomontheleft.请看左边倒数第三个单词。52．Trytoreadthenewwordswiththehelpofthephonetictranscriptions.请按音标试读这些单词。53．Thisnouncanonlybeusedinthesingular(plural).这个名词只用于单（复）数。54．Theword“sheep”hasthesameforminthesingularasintheplural.“sheep”这个单词单复数相同。55．Theword“record”canbeusedeitherasaverborasanoun.“record”这个词既可以用作动词也可用作名词。Whenitisusedasanounitmeans…whenitisusedasaverbitmeans…56．Rememberitisasetphrase.Itshouldnotbechanged.注意这是一个固定词组，不能随意更改。57．Thisphrasecanonlybeusedattributively,neverpredicatively.这个词组只能做定语，不能做表语。二、日常生活用语1．WhatcanIdoforyou?/CanIhelpyou?2．What’sup?What’son?/what’swrong?3．Thankyousomuchforyourhelp.4．Thankyouforyourkindhelp.5．I’mafraidI’vetakenupalotofyourtime.我恐耽误你很多时间6．It’squiteallright.没有关系！7．Idon’twanttoholdyouupanylonger.我不想再耽搁你了。8．Afterall,that’smyjob.这是我应该做的。9．Somuchthebetter!那就更好了！10．Howrightyouare!你说的完全正确。11．That’swhereitis.这说到节骨眼上。12．Takeiteasy.别着急。13．Comestraighttothepoint.直截了当。14．Don’ttellme.别瞎扯了。15．Somethingisbetterthannothing.有总比没有强。16．Watchyourstep.慢走！（当心脚底下，注意你的行动）17．It’snoneofyourbusiness.别管闲事。\n18．You’retellingme!我早就知道了，还用你说！19．That’sthewholepoint.这就是我的意思。20．It’snojoke.这不是开玩笑。21．Nothingdoing.不行。22．Whatapity!真可惜！23．It’sadifferentcupoftea.那是另一个问题。24．Let’sleaveitthere.就谈到这儿吧。25．Weareinthesameboat.我们的处境一样。26．I’llhavenothingtodowiththat.这和我无关。27．Wedon’tspeakthesamelanguage.我们没有共同语言。28．Iwas/stayedupallrightlastright.我昨晚熬了一夜29．Dropinanytime.有空来玩。30．Heknowswhatheisdoing.他很内行。31．Heislettingmedown.他使我失望。附一、常用语法术语grammar语法morphology词法partofspeech词类noun（n.）名词commonnoun普通名词propernoun专有名词classnoun类名词collectivenoun集体名词materialnoun物质名词abstractnoun抽象名词countablenoun可数名词uncountablenoun不可数名词number数singularnumber单数pluralnumber复数zeroplural形式不变的复数case格nominativecase主格objectivecase宾格possessivecase所有格gender性masculinegender阳性femininegender阴性neutergender中性article（art.）冠词definitearticle定冠词indefinitearticle不定冠词pronoun（pron.）代词personalpronoun人称代词possessivepronoun物主代词self-pronoun自（反）身代词reciprocalpronoun相互代词demonstrativepronoun指示代词interrogativepronoun疑问代词relativepronoun关系代词indefinitepronoun不定代词numeral（num.）数词cardinalnumeral基数词ordinalnumeral序数词adjective(adj.)形容词degreeofcomparison/comparativedegree比较级\nsuperlativedegree最高级positivedegree原级adverb（adv.）副词ordinaryadverb普通词interrogativeadverb疑问副词relativeadverb关系副词conjunctiveadverb连接副词verb(v.)动词notionalverb实义动词linkverb连系动词modalverb情态动词auxiliaryverb助动词transitiveverb及物动词intransitiveverb不及物动词phrasalverb短语动词principalformsoftheverb动词的基本形式base（orroot）form原形pasttense过去时presentparticiple现在分词pastparticiple过去分词regularverb规则动词irregularverb不规则动词tense时态presentsimpletense一般现在时pastindefinitetense一般过去时futureindefinitetense一般将来时presentcontinuoustense现在进行时pastcontinuoustense过去进行时future–in–the–pastcontinuoustense过去将来进行时presentperfecttense现在完成时pastperfecttense过去完成时futureperfecttense将来完成时presentperfectcontinuoustense现在完成进行时pastperfectcontinuoustense过去完成进行时sequenceoftenses时态的一致voice语态activevoice主动语态passivevoice被动语态mood语气indicativemood直陈语气imperativemood祈使语气subjunctivemood虚拟语气verbal非谓语动词infinitive不定式infinitiveparticle动词不定式符号topreposition（prep.）介词prepositionalphrase介词短语conjunction（conj.）连词coordinativeconjunction并列连词subordinatingconjunction从属连词\ninterjection（int.）感叹词syntax句法sentence句子simplesentence简单句compoundsentence并列句complexsentence复合句declarativesentence陈述句interrogativesentence疑问句imperativesentence祈使句exclamatorysentence感叹句generalquestion一般疑问句specialquestion特殊疑问句alternativequestion选择疑问disjunctivequestion反意疑问句affirmativesentence肯定句negativesentence否定句subject主语formalsubject形式主语predicate谓语predicative表语object宾语formalobject形式宾语directobject直接宾语indirectobject间接宾语objectcomplement宾语补足语attribute定语appositive同位语adverbial状语clause从句subjectclause主语从句predicativeclause表语从句objectclause宾语从句appositiveclause同位语从句attributiveclause定语从句identifyingattributiveclause限制性定语从句non–identifyingattributiveclause非限制性定语从句adverbialclause状语从句adverbialclauseoftime时间状语从句adverbialclauseofplace地点状语从句adverbialclauseofpurpose目的状语从句adverbialclauseofresult结果状语从句adverbialclauseofcause原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcondition条件状语从句adverbialclauseofmanner方式状语从句adverbialclauseofconcession让步状语从句adverbialclauseofattendingcircumstances伴随状语从句directspeech直接引语indirectspeech间接引语directaddress称呼语parentheticalstatement插入语phrase短语word-order词序ellipsis省略inversion倒装附二、公共揭示语公共场所名Silence静KeepSilence肃静\nNoSmoking（or:SmokingNotAllowed）不准吸烟SmokingProhibited严禁吸烟NoSpitting不准吐痰SpittingForbidden严禁吐痰NoAdmittance不许入内NoAdmittancewithoutaPass无出入证不许入内NoAdmittanceExceptonBusiness非公莫入PleaseKeepHandsoff请勿动手HandsofftheExhibits请勿用手摸展品PleaseDoNotTouchtheExhibits请勿触摸展品ReplacetheNewspapersafterReading报纸阅后放回原处TurnofftheLightbeforeYouLeave出门关灯NoScribbling不准涂写NoBills（or:PostNoBills）不准招贴Closed此门不通ThisWaytotheToilet由此去厕所Knock请先敲门Private私室NightBell夜间有事,请按此铃In在家Out外出KeepOut不得入内PleaseShuttheDoorafterYou请随手关门Push请向前推Pull请向后拉Wet（or:Fresh）Paint油漆未干TicketGoodOnlyontheDayofIssue票证当日有效KeepOrder请守秩序QueueupforBus排队上车LineupforTickets请排队购票AdmittanceFree免费入场AdmissionbyTicketOnly凭票入场CardOnly凭请柬入场SeatbyNumber对号入座ChildrenNotAdmitted儿童谢绝入场ChildrenandWomenAdmittedFree妇幼免费入场ChildrenandWomenFirst妇幼优先InspectionsDeclined/VisitorsDeclined（NoAdmitted）谢绝参观OutofBounds游客止步OutofBoundsforForeignerswithoutSpecialPermits外国人无特殊许可证件请止步Full(or:AllFull,FullHouse,Fullup)满座Reserved已经预约AllReserved全已预订\nNoBusinessToday今天不营业Closed今天休息ClosedforHoliday假日休息ClosedforMonthEndStockTaking月底盘存，暂不营业ClosedforImportantMeeting重要会议，暂不开门Closedduring（or:for）Repairs修理店面，暂停营业RepairsDonewhileYouWait修理东西，立等可取Time’sOver下班时间Engaged（or:Taken）有人占用Upstairs请上楼Vacant无人NoParking不准停车Don’tDumpRubbishHere不得在此倾倒垃圾Roadup,Detour马路翻修,车辆绕行Blocks/NoThoroughfare此路不通Nopassing（Permitted）不准超车NoOvertaking禁止超车Keeptotheleft请靠左走KeepRight请靠右走TurnLeft向左转KeepAway请勿靠近StandBack请往后站NoHonking禁止鸣笛OneWayTraffic单行道DriveatModerateSpeed中速行驶YieldRightofWayforSafetySake安全礼让SpeedLimit:30km/h时速限制:30公里/小时ToBeijing此路通往北京ForShanghai车/船）等开往上海TakeCareNottoLeaveThingsBehind当心不要丢失东西（行李）Attention,SharpTurnAhead注意：前面急转弯ConsecutiveCurvesAhead前面连续转弯DangerAhead前面危险Danger:Keepout危险！切勿入内Inflammables–KeepawayfromFire易燃物品，切勿近火ForUseOnlyinCaseofFire灭火专用SlowDown,LookAroundandCross一慢，二看，三通过Slow（or:DriveSlowly）车辆慢行Don’tTouchHighTensionWire莫触高压电线Stop,LookandListen小心火车SeetotheFire小心烟火\nKeepAwayfromFire（Heat）切勿近火（受热）InCaseofFire,RingtheAlarm如遇火警，请按此铃CommitNoNuisance（NoUrinating）禁止小便BewareofFuriousDogs谨防恶犬KeepawayfromMoisture谨防潮湿KeepDry保持干燥KeepOfftheGrass勿踏草地CamerasForbidden严禁拍照ShootingProhibited严禁打猎ProtectPublicProperty爱护公物KeepTopSideUp请勿倒立HandlewithCare小心轻放ThisSideUp此端向上UseNoHooks勿用钩挂Photographs:PleaseDon’tBend内有照片，请勿折压PhotosEnclosed内有照片CriticismsandSuggestionsWelcome欢迎批评建议OfficeHours:8:00a.m.---8:00p.m.营业时间上午８点到下午８点ThisParkOpensat8:00a.m.andClosesat6:00p.m.本公园上午８点开门，下午６点关门附三、公共场所名称Ticket（or:Booking）Office售票Inquiries（or:InquiryOffice）问讯处NightServiceWindow夜间服务窗Check（or:Cloak）Room衣帽（存放）间LuggageDepositary行李存放处Entrance（or:Entry）入口Exit出口InformationDesk问讯台GateHouse传达室DispatchersOffice收发室BikePark存车处EmergencyDoor（or:Exit）太平门W.C.（or:Lavatory）厕所（For）Gentlemen男厕