初中英语语法及练习 27页

一般现在时一般现在时意义：表示经常性的事情，经常性的动作或一般性事实。时间状语：often经常，usually通常，always总是，every每个，sometimes有时，at…在几点钟只有在第三人称单数用动词的“三单变化”，其他用动词的原形。三单变化：1.多数在动词后＋splay—playslike—likes（1）直接在动词词尾加-s.ask---askswork---worksget---getsstay---stays（2）以字母s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es.watch---watcheswish---wishesfix---fixesdo---doesgo---goespass---passes（3）以“辅音字母加-y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es.try---triesstudy---studiescry---criesfly---flies情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s清辅音后读/s/浊辅音和元音后读/z/swim-swims；help-helps；like-likes以辅音字母+o结尾的词加-es读/z/goes,does以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-es读/iz/watches,washes以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加es读/z/study-studies不规则变化have和be动词变have为has变be为am,is,arehave-hasbe-am,is,are27/27\n2.不规则变化：be----isarehave----has二、一般现在时的用法表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态；表示客观事实或普遍真理。当主语是第三人称单数时：he，she，it，或能用he，she，it代替的（Tom，mymother，thisdesk）1、肯定句主语+动词s+其它Heplaysbasketballeveryday.2、否定句主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它Hedoesn’tplaybasketballeveryday.3、一般疑问句Does+主语+动词原形+其它Doesheplaybasketballeveryday?肯定回答Yes，主语+does否定回答No，主语+doesn't7、特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whatdoeshedoeveryday?当主语不是第三人称单数时：Iyouwethey1、肯定句主语+动词原形+其它Iplaybasketballeveryday.2、否定句主语+don't+动词原形+其它Idon’tplaybasketballeveryday.3、一般疑问句Do+主语+动词原形+其它Doyouplaybasketballeveryday.肯定回答Yes，主语+do否定回答No，主语+don't7、特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whatdoyoudoeveryday?三、一般现在时的结构一般现在时的结构肯定式疑问式否定式否定疑问式Iwork.Doyouwork?Idon'twork.Don'tyouwork?Youwork.Doyouwork?Youdon'twork.Don'tyouwork?Wework.Doyouwork?Wedon'twork.Don'tyouwork?Theywork.Dotheywork?Theydon'twork.Don'ttheywork?He(She,It)works.Doeshe(she,it)work?He(She,It)doesn'twork.Doesn'the(sheit)work?用所给词的正确形式填空27/27\n1.Weoften______(play)ontheplaygound.2.He_________(get)upatsixo'clock.3.__________you_________(brush)yourteetheverymorning?4.What____(do)heusually_____(do)afterschool?5.Danny_______(study)English,Chinese,Maths,ScienceandArtatschool.6.Mikesometimes_____(go)totheparkwithhissister.7.Ateightatnight,she________(watch)TVwithhisparents.8.________Mike________(read)Englisheveryday?9.Howmanylessons___yourclassmate__(have)onMonday?10.Whattime____hismother____(do)thehousework?11.Heoften______(have)dinnerathome.12.DanielandTommy___(be)inClassOne.三、按照要求改写句子1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)_________________________2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答)________________________________________________________3.Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答)___________________________4.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答)___________________________________________________5.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)____________________________6.HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改为否定句)________________________7.Iliketakingphotosinthepark.(对划线部分提问)__________________________8.JohncomesfromCanada.(对划线部分提问)____________________________9.Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)27/27\n________________________________________________________10.SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.(改为否定句)——————————————————————————————11.Doyouoftenplayfootballafterschool?(肯定回答)_______________12.Ihavemanybooks.（改为否定句）_________________________13.GaoShan'ssisterlikesplayingtabletennis.（改为否定句）_________________14.ShelivesinasmalltownnearNewYork.（改为一般疑问句）_________________15.IwatchTVeveryday.（改为一般疑问句）___________________________16.Davidhasgotagoal.（改为一般疑问句）_________________________17.Wehavefourlessons.（改为否定句）____________________________18.Nancydoesn'trunfast.（改为肯定句）_________________________19.Mydogrunsfast.否定句：______________一般疑问句：________________20.Mikehastwolettersforhim.一般疑问句：_______________否定句：________21.IusuallyplayfootballonFridayafternoon.否定句:一般疑问句:划线提问____________________22.SunYangusuallywashessomeclothesonSaturday.否定句:_____________一般疑问句:________________划线提问:____________23.Mingmingusuallywaterstheflowerseveryday.否定句:________________27/27\n一般疑问句:_____________划线提问_____________24.Tomdoeshishomeworkathome.否定句:______________一般疑问句:____________划线提问_____________一般过去时意义：1.表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。例如：Iwenttoschoolat7:00yesterdaymorning.我昨天早晨七点去上学。2.表示在过去某个时间存在的状态。例如：Shewasnotathomelastnight.她昨晚八点没在家。3.表示已故的人所做的事情或情况。例如：BaJinwrotealotofnovelsforus.巴金写了很多部小说。四种时间状语①yesterday及相关短语。例如：yesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening昨天上午/下午/晚上。②“last+时间状语”构成的短语。例如：lastnight/month/spring/year昨晚/上个月/去年春天/去年。③“一段时间+ago”组成的短语。例如：threedaysago三天以前fouryearsago四年以前。④“介词+时间名词”组成的短语。例如：in1999在1999年；onthemorningofDecember25th在12月25号早上。谓语动词的表现形式27/27\n①be动词的过去式was、were.例如：Shewasateacherfiveyearsago.她五年前是一名教师。②行为动词的过去式，分为规则动词和不规则动词两种。规则动词的过去式的构成遵循以下四个规则：1）直接在动词后加ed，例如：help-helped;want-wanted等；2）以不发音的字母e结尾时，去掉e加ed(即直接加d),例如：like-liked;use-used等；3）以辅音字母y结尾时，把y变成i再加ed,例如：carry-carried;study-studied等；4）以重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母再加ed,例如：stop-stopped;shop-shopped等。不规则动词的过去式则需要我们认真下工夫去记了，例如：go-went;come-came;buy-bought等。行为动词四种句式的构成①　一般过去时态的肯定句式　　　“主语+动词过去式+其它”例如：Jennyboughtaskirtyesterday.詹妮昨天买了一件短裙。②　一般过去时态的否定句式“主语+didn’t+动词原形+其它”例如：Jennydidn’tbuyaskirtyesterday.詹妮昨天没有买短裙。③一般过去时态的一般疑问句式“Did+主语+动词原形+其它”例如：DidJennybuyaskirtyesterday?詹妮昨天买短裙了吗？④一般过去时态的特殊疑问句式“疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它”例如：WhatdidJennybuyyesterday?詹妮昨天买了什么？一、请在仔细诊断每个句子后，把正确的句子写在横线上。1.Weweregotoschoolearlyyesterday.________________________2.Shewasbuyadresslastweek.________________________________3.Didyoulikedplayingfootball?______________________________4.-Didyouhaveagoodtrip?-No,Ididn’t._______________________________5、Wedidn’tflewkiteslastmonth.___________________________________二、请将下列的汉语句子翻译成正确的英语。1你昨晚去哪了？_______________________________________27/27\n我去了王府井的一家商店。_____________________________2李明前天想给妈妈买件大衣，但他没有太多的钱。3我们去年在南京玩得不快乐。___________________________________________三、写出下列动词的过去式。play_____________run______________swim_____________make______________go______________like____________write______________ski_____________read_____________have____________sing_____________dance___________put______________see____________buy_____________jog____________live___________take______________come_____________get_____________stop____________sit_____________begin____________shop___________wantarriveenjoystopbuy_see_break_fall四、用所给词的适当形式填空。1．TomandMary___________(come)toChinalastmonth.2．Mike_________________(notgo)tobeduntil12o’clocklastnight.SoI_______(get)uplate.3．Mary__________(read)Englishyesterdaymorning.4．There_________(be)noonehereamomentago.5．I___________(call)Mikethismorning.6．Ilistenedbut___________(hear)nothing.7．Tom___________(begin)tolearnChineselastyear.8．Lastweekwe_________(pick)manyapplesonthefarm.9．Mymother________________(notdo)houseworkyesterday.27/27\n10．ShewatchesTVeveryevening.Butshe_______________(notwatch)TVlastnight.一般将来时在英语中，表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrowmorning,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow,infivedays等表示将来的时间状语连用。那么，你还记得我的构成形式吗？1.助动词will+动词原形在句法中，will在名词或代词的后面常缩写为’ll,willnot常缩写为won’t。在疑问句中，主语为第一人称I或We时，常用助动词shall,shallnot缩写为shan’t。如：Shewillbebackheretomorrowafternoon.她明天下午将要回到这儿来。Shallwegettothezooearlytomorrowmorning?我们得明天早上早点到达动物园吗？2.begoingto+动词原形该句式往往表示计划、打算、决定要做的事或将要发生的事。其中be有人称和数的变化，即am,is,are。如：Iamgoingtowatchamovie.我打算今晚看电影。Sheisgoingtoseehergrandpatomorrow.她打算明天去看望她的爷爷。Wearenotgoingtomeetoutsidetheschoolgate.我们不打算在校门口见面。3.其他①表示移动性的瞬间动词用于进行时，表将来。在英语中，类似come等等动词被称为移动性动词，其进行时态可以表将来，类似的动词还有go,leave,start,begin等。如：Thetrainiscoming.火车就要来了。Thebusisarrivingat9:00.公交车将于早上9点到达。②在时间或条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时或祈使句，或是含有情态动词，则从句用一般现在时来表示将来。如：Youcan’tgohomeifyoudon’tfinishyourhomework.如果你完不成作业，你不能回家。WhenIamolder,IthinkIwillbeascientist.当我长大了，我认为我会成为一个科学家。27/27\n一般将来时训练营一、单项选择。()1.There__________ameetingtomorrowafternoon.A.willbegoingtoB.willgoingtobeC.isgoingtobeD.willgotobe()2.Charlie________herenextmonth.A.isn’tworkingB.doesn’tworkingC.isn’tgoingtoworkingD.won’twork()3.He________verybusythisweek,he________freenextweek.A.willbe;isB.is;isC.willbe;willbeD.is;willbe()4.There________adolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening.A.wasB.isgoingtohaveC.willhaveD.isgoingtobe()5.–________you________freetomorrow?–No.I________freethedayaftertomorrow.A.Are;goingto;willB.Are;goingtobe;willC.Are;goingto;willbeD.Are;goingtobe;willbe二、动词填空。1.I______（leave）inaminute.I______（finish）allmyworkbeforeI______（leave）.2.—Howlong_____you_____（study）inourcountry?—I_____（plan）tobehereforaboutonemoreyear.—I_____（hope）tovisittheotherpartsofyourcountry.—What______you______（do）afteryou______（leave）here?—I______（return）homeand______（get）ajob.3.I______（be）tired.I______（go）tobedearlytonight.4.Mary’sbirthdayisnextMonday,hermother_____（give）herapresent.5.Itisverycoldthesedays.It______（snow）soon.6.—_____you_____（be）herethisSaturday?—No.I______（visit）myteacher.7.—______I______（get）youacopyoftoday’snewspaper?—Thankyou.8.Iamafraidthere______（be）ameetingthisafternoon.Ican’tjoinyou.27/27\n9.Mike______（believe,not）thisuntilhe______（see）itwithhisowneyes.10.Mostofusdon’tthinktheirteam______（win）.三、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.She________flowersinmygardentomorrowmorning.（water）2.Iwillstayathomeifit_________tomorrow.（rain）3.Whatareyou________todotomorrow?（go）4.Theradiosaysit________rainytomorrow.（be）5.Shesaysshe_________meabeautifuldresstomorrowmorning.（buy）II句型转换。6.LiMingwillplaywithatoycar.（转换为一般疑问句）_____LiMing_____withatoycar？7.They’llgoforawalkaftersupper.（转换为否定句）They__________forawalkaftersupper.8.Willtheflowerscomeoutnextweek?（作否定回答）_____,__________.9.IwillhaveanEnglishexamtomorrow.（转换为同义句）I_______________haveanEnglishexamtomorrow.10.TheboyshaveabasketballlmatchonSaturday.（用nextSaturdayy来改写）Theboys____________________abasketballmatchnextSaturday.现在进行时态【展示平台】1现在进行时表示此时此刻正在发生的事或正在进行的动作。常和时间状语now,atthemoment连用。如：Theyaresingingatthemoment.他们正在唱歌。LiMingismakingareportnow.李明现在正在做报告27/27\n2表示现阶段正在发生的动作也用现在进行时来表达，此时常和时间状语thesedays连用。如：Wearemendingthecarthesedays.这些日子我们一直在修车。3某些瞬间动词如come,leave,arrive,die等用现在进行时表示将来，即这个动作将要发生。如：Shesayssheiscomingsoon.她说她马上就来。Thematchgirlisdying.那个卖火柴的小女孩快要死了。4现在进行时态的基本句型1）肯定句：主语+am/is/are+V-ing+其他。如：Nancyisreadingabooknow.南茜正在读书。Thetwinsareplayingintheirbedroom.那对双胞胎正在卧室里玩。2）否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+其他。如：Nancyisn’treadingabooknow.南茜没有正在读书。Thetwinsaren’tplayingintheirbedroom.那对双胞胎没有正在卧室里玩3)一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+V-ing+其他？如：IsNancyreadingabooknow?南茜正在读书吗？Arethetwinsplayingintheirbedroom?那对双胞胎正在卧室里玩吗？【相关链接】1现在分词（即V-ing形式）的构成1）一般在动词的后面直接加-ing。如：listen–listening,look–looking.2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e加ing.如：take–taking,make–making.3）以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母再加ing。如sit–sitting,stop–stopping.4）特殊的如：lie–lying,die–dying等。现在进行时练习题一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_____________run______________swim_____________make______________27/27\nread_____________have____________sing_____________dance___________put______________see____________buy_____________jog____________live___________take______________come_____________get_____________stop____________sit_____________begin____________shop___________二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls_______________(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother_________________(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What_____you______(do)now?5.Look.They_______________(have)anEnglishlesson.6.They____________(not,water)theflowersnow.7.Look!thegirls________________(dance)intheclassroom.8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She_________(listen)tomusic.9.It's5o'clocknow.We_____________(have)suppernow10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.三、句型转换：1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)_____________________________________________________________2.Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)______________________________________________________________3.I’mplayingfootballintheplayground.(对划线部分进行提问)_________________________________________________________________4．Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.(对划线部分进行提问)_________________________________________________________________5.NancyiswatchingTVnow.（用everyevening替换now）　_________________________________________27/27\n四、现在进行时翻译练习1.我正在读英语。I___________________English.2.他正在写字。He_______________.3.你正在唱歌吗？是的，我在唱歌。不，我不在唱歌。_______you________?Yes,_____________________./No,_______________________.4.他(她)在听音乐吗？________he/she__________________________?5.你正在干什么？我正在做作业。_______areyou_______?I’m____________________________.6.看！杰克正在游泳。Look,Jack_________________.7.现在我正在打扫房间。I________________my________now.8.你父亲在干什么？他正在看电视。What______yourfather_______?He___________________.9.琳达经常在晚上做作业,但她今晚在看电视。Lindaoften_______her_________intheevening.Butshe__________________thisevening10.现在我们正在吃晚餐。We_________________________now感叹句解析What＆How我们都知道感叹句是用来表达较为强烈的情感如惊讶、喜悦等的句子。英语中的感叹句常用What或How来引导，那么，What与How怎么来引导感叹句呢？下面，先请What来发言。What:大家好！相信大家早在“Whatisyourname?”问句中就认识我了。当然，我除了可以引导疑问句之外，还可以引导感叹句。由我引导的感叹句是用来强调修饰名词的，名词前可有其他的定语成分(即形容词或冠词)。单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an，复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。在使用过程中，常用的句型有：1．What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其他成分！例如:Whatastrongboyheis!　他是多么壮的一个小伙子啊！27/27\nWhatanhonestgirlMaryis!　　玛丽是一个多么诚实的小女孩啊！2．What+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语+其他成分！例如:Whatbravesoldierstheyare!　　这些士兵们真勇敢啊！Whatfineweatheritistoday!今天的天气真不错啊！How:　Hello,everyone!还记得刚学英语是学到的“Howareyou”吗?对了，我可以引导疑问句，当“怎么样”讲，我还可以引导感叹句！不过，由我引导的感叹句是用来强调修饰形容词或副词的。修饰形容词时，句中的谓语动词用系动词，如am,is等；修饰副词时，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，如fly,run等。在使用过程中，常用的句型有：1．How+adj.+a/an+名词+主语+谓语+其他成分！例如:Howexcitingafootballmatchitis!多么振奋人心的一场球赛啊！Howkindanoldmanheis!他是一位多么善良的老人啊！2．How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语+其他成分！例如:HowtallYaoMingis!姚明真高啊！Howfastthedragonflyflies!蜻蜓飞得真快啊！主持人：感谢What和How的精彩发言。从他们的言语中，我们发现在感叹句的使用中，What与How都起着至关重要的作用。但我还有两点要补充一下，好吗？What/How:好哇，说吧！主持人：1．感叹句在表达清楚的情况下，可以省略主语和谓语。但在运用时，一定要结合上下文。如我们刚开始说到的两个句子，在课文中的全句应该是：Whatacold,snowyday(itis)!　　　　Howinteresting(thatdayis)!2．如果句子是纯粹的“主语＋谓语＋宾语(或其他成分)”结构，那么，变感叹句时，可在句首直接加How。　　例如：　HowIloveyou!我多么爱你啊！　Howtimeflies!　时间过得真快啊！　　好了，谢谢大家！最后，预祝同学们在英语学习的道路上一帆风顺！附一：感叹句记忆口诀感叹句，并不难，what与how应在前。形容词、副词跟着how，what后面名词连。27/27\n名词若是可数单，前带冠词a或an。主语、谓语放后面，省略它们也常见。附二：巧变感叹句在把陈述句变感叹句时，可以根据以下这种方法——一断二加三换位。“一断”即在谓语后面断开，使句子分成两部分。如：Heworkshard.→Heworks/hard.Heisagoodworker.→Heis/agoodworker.“二加”即在第二部分前加上how（强调形容词、副词）或what（强调名词）。如：Heworks（how）hard.Heis（what）agoodworker.“三换位”即把第一部分和第二部分互换位置，句号换感叹号。如：Howhardheworks!Whatagoodworkerheis!感叹句操练场一操练第一式：用What或How来补全以下的感叹句。1.______aprettygirlsheis!2.________quicklytheboyisrunning!3.______kindteacherstheyare!4.________cleverthebabyis!5.______Imissmyhometown(家乡)!二操练第二式：从所给的四个选项中选出正确的填空。WhatWhataWhatanHow1.______happyIam!2.________sadchildheis!3.______hotwateritis!4.________hardtheystudy!5.______able(能干的)youngmanheis!三操练第三式：按要求对下列句子进行句型转换。1.Helistenedtohisteachercarefully.(该为感叹句)_______________helistened27/27\ntohisteacher!2.Whataclevermonkeyitis!(该为同义句)_______________amonkeyitis!3.Thefoodisverynice.(该为感叹句)_______________fooditis!4.Howsadlytheyarecrying!(该为陈述句)They________________________.5.TheChristmastreeisbeautiful.(该为感叹句)______________theChristmastreeis!四、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。1).________difficulthomeworkwehadyesterday!2).________cutedogitis!3).________interestingthestoryis!4).________badtheweatherinEnglandis!5).________honestboyTomis！6).________tastysmellthecakegaveoff!五、选择填空。1._______fasttheboyran!A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan2._______wellyousingbut_______badlyhedances!A.How,howB.What,whatC.How,whatD.What,how3.________deliciousthesoupis!I’dlikesomemore.A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan4._______foolstheywere!Theybelievedwhatthemansaid.A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan5._______foolishtheywere!Theybelievedwhatthemansaid.A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan6._______difficultquestionstheyare!Ican’tanswerthem.A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan27/27\n7.Imissmyfriendverymuch._______Iwanttoseeher!A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan8._______lovelyweatherwearehavingthesedays!A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan9._______beautifulyournewdressis!A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan10._______interestingworkitistoteachchildren!A.HowB.HowanC.WhatD.Whatan将下列句子变成感叹句：1.Itisquiteanicepresent.→__________nicepresent!2.Wehavefineweathertoday.→__________weatherwehavetoday!3.It’ssunnytoday.→__________sunnydayitistoday!4.Thechildrenareworkinghard.→__________thechildrenareworking!5.Sheplayedbasketballwonderfully.→__________sheplayedbasketball!6.Heisgoodatsinging.→__________hesings!7.Hewasdoingwellindancing.→_____a_____dancerhewas!8.Tomcoughsbadly.→_______________coughTomhas!9.Thefishisverylovely.→__________thefishis!10.Theyliveahappylifetoday.→_______________lifetheylive!宾语从句宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：27/27\nHesaid（that）hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn'tknow（that）sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure（that）hewillsucceed.2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho（whom）theyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idon'tknowwhythetrainislate.3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif（whether）helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether（if）Icouldhelphim.【宾语从句歌诀】宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连。特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间。【歌诀解码】一、三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：1.由that引导的宾语从句。如Weknew（that）weshouldlearnfromeachother.27/27\n2.由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAmerica.3.由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpostoffice?二、三关1.引导词关如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。2.语序关①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid（that）hewasanhonestboy.②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：Doesheworkhard?Iwonder.→Iwonderif/whetherheworkshard.Whendidheleave?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhenheleft.3.时态关①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：Ihaveheard（that）hewillcomebacknextweek.②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：Hesaid（that）therewerenoclassesyesterday.注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.三、人称的变化和标点的使用1.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：27/27\n“MayIuseyourknife?”Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber?”Heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.2.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Whowillgiveusatalk?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.Doyouknow?Wheredoeshelive?→Doyouknowwherehelives?四、两副面孔if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tcome.（时间状语从句）Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.（宾语从句）五、从句的简化1.当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：Shefoundthatthewalletwaslyingontheground.→Shefoundthewalletlyingontheground.2.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.3.在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?→Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation?【中考范例】1.MissGreendidn’ttellus_______in2002.A.wheredoessheliveB.WhereshelivesC.wheredidsheliveD.whereshelived（北京市中考试题）27/27\n【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。2.Wouldyoupleasetellme________?（上海市徐汇区中考试题）A.whendidhecomehomeB.wherehewouldplayfootballC.ifhehadseenthefilmD.whyhedidn’twatchthegame【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。3.Idon’tknowwhen__________.A.willthetrainleaveB.thetrainwillleaveC.wouldthetrainleaveD.thetrainleave（哈尔滨市中考试题）【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。4.---Wedon’tknow_____________.---ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.（常州市中考试题）A.whatheisB.ifheliveshereC.wherehecomesfromD.whichcountryishefrom【解析】答案:C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有C正确。来练练吧！一、选择填空。（）1.WhatdidMikesay?Hesaid____________________.A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolourwasitC.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring（）2.Tomaskedmyfriend________________.A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoonC.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry27/27\n（）3.Letmetellyou__________________.A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcostC.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar（）4.Peterknew_______________.A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis（）5.Couldyoutellme___________?A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein（）6.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen（）7.Ican'tunderstand______theboyalone.A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft（）8.Idon'tknow________upsoearlylastSunday.A.whydidhegetB.whyhegetsC.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot（）9.Themanagercameuptosee__________.A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwasC.whatthematterisD.what'sthematter（）10.Heaskedhisfather_______.27/27\nA.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen二、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1.“TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.”Tomsaid.Tomsaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2.“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”MyteachertoldMark.MyteachertoldMark_____light_______fasterthansound.3.“Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.”Jackdidn’tknow.Jackdidn’tknow_____there_________ameetinginfivedays.4.“CantheyspeakFrench?”Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow___________________________French.5.“Arethechildrenplayinggames?”Tellme.Tellme______thechildren____________games.6.“Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?”Mr.GuoaskedSunJia.Mr.GuoaskedSunJia____________________homeworkyet.7.Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknows_______________________________inthepicture?8.Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknow______________hercar?9.“Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?”Nancywondered.Nancywondered__________often________about.10.Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknow___________atthedoorsoloudly.27/27\n三、用合适的连接词填空。1.Jimtoldme____hedidn'tgofishingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）2.Doyouknow______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?（who,whom）3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.（that,if）4.Healwaysthinks______hecandobetter.（how,who）5.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）6.Theydon'tknow_______togoorwait.（if,whether）7.Wearetalkingabout______we’llgobacktomorrow.（whether,if）8.Iwasreallysurprisedat______Isaw.（where,what）9.Idon'tknow____somanypeoplearelookingathim.（how,why）10.Doyouknow______youarestudyingfor?（why,what）四、句型转换。1.“Doyouwanttotryit?”Tom'smotheraskedhim.（同义句）→Tom'smotheraskedhim____________________totryit.2.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.（改为否定句）→I_______________this________agoodidea.3.Lucyhasn'tdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.（改为复合句）→Lucyhasn'tdecided________________________________buy.4.Idon'tknowhowIcangettothehospital.（改为简单句）→Idon'tknow________________________tothehospital.5.Idon’tsupposetheywillcome,_____________?（改为反意疑问句）五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1.Wearesurethathe________（go）toschooltomorrow.27/27\n2.Doyouknowwho______（be）thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?3.Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice______（is）?4.Ourfathersaidthathe_______（will）buyanewcomputer.5.Ihearthathe_______（swim）intheseayesterday.6.Thelittleboytellsuswherehisfather_______（work）.7.Hesaidthathe_________（finish）hisworkalready.8.Theythoughttheycould_______（hike）tothetopofthemountain.9.Hewasgladthatsomanypeople_____（help）him.10.Shedoesn’tknowwhether________（go）orwait.点击中考1.Someofmyfriendsareinterestinginscience,butnoneofthemcantell_______..A.whenUFOswillappearnexttimeB.whydohorsesknowthewayC.wherewasthiskindofplantfoundD.howdoelephantscommunicate2.---WhattimewillMr.BrownbebacktoChina?----Sorry.Idon’tknow_______..A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroadC.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad3.---MayIcomein?I’msorryIamlate.----Comein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme_______.?A.whyyouarelateagainB.whatwereyoudoingthenC.whoyoutalkedwithD.howdoyoucometoschool4.---Couldyoupleasetellme_______.?27/27\n----BusNo.32willtakeyourightthere.A.whereisHenanMuseumB.whatHenanMuseumislikeC.howcanIgettoHenanMuseumD.whichbusIshalltaketoHenanMuseum5.PetersaysthattheWhitesareonholiday,butnooneknows_______..A.wheretheyhavebeenB.wherearetheyC.wherearetheyfromD.wheretheyhavegone6.---Doyouknow_______.theCapitalMuseum?---NextFriday.A.whenwilltheyvisitB.whentheywillvisitC.whendidtheyvisitD.whentheyvisited7.Hewantedtoknow_______.theEnglishparty.A.whenwillwehaveB.whenwewillhaveC.whenwouldwehaveD.whenwewouldhave8.Iwanttoknow_______..A.whenweshouldarriveattheairportB.whenshouldwearriveattheairportC.whentheairportweshouldarriveatD.whentheairportshouldwearriveat9.---David,lookatthemaninwhiteoverthere.Canyoutellme_______.?----Heisadoctor.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whatisheD.whatheis10.---Couldyoutellme_______.?Heiswantedbytheheadteacher.---Sorry,I’venoidea.Buthe_______herejustnow.A.whereTim;wasB.whereisTim;wasC.whereTimis;wasD.whereTimis;is11.---DidMrs.Kingleaveamessage?27/27\n---Yes.Shewantedtoknow_______thisSunday.A.whoyouwouldgoshoppingB.ifyouwouldgoshoppingwithherC.thatyouwillgoshoppingD.whenwillyougoshoppingwithher12.---I’mateenager’smother.SometimesIdon’tknow.----Loveandunderstanding.A.whatmysonneedsmostB.whatdoesmysonwanttogetC.whymysongetsannoyedveryoftenD.whydoesmysongetannoyedveryoften.13.---Iwonder_______.withoutwater----Aboutaweek.A.howlongmancanliveB.howlongcanmanliveC.whenmancanliveD.whencanmanlive27/27