初中英语动词时态专项训练 77页

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ntheoffice.A.leftB.wouldleaveC.hadleftD.hasleft（）14.Youmuststudyhardifyouwanttofailtheexam.A.won’tB.don’tC.haven’tD.hadn’t（）15.—I’mafraidyoucan’tsithere.—Sorry,Iknow.A.don’tB.won’tC.can’tD.didn’t（）16.Asshethenewspaper,Grannyasleep.A.read,wasfallingB.fellC.wasreading,wasfallingD.read,fell（）17.—myglasses?—Yes,Isawthemonyourbedaminuteago.A.DoyouseeB.HadyouseenC.WouldyouseeD.Haveyouseen（）18.—Jimisnotcomingtonight.—Buthe!A.promises（许诺）B.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised（）19.—What’shername?—I.A.forgetB.forgotC.hadforgottenD.amforgetting（）20.Youyourturnsoyou’llhavetowait.A.willmissB.havemissedC.aremissingD.hadmissed三、动词时态能力综合测试（）1.HeoftenhisclothesonSundays.A.washingB.washesC.haswashedD.wash（）2.I’mChinese.Wherefrom?A.doyoucomeB.youarecomingC.youcomeD.areyoucoming（）3.Maytoschool.A.neverwalksB.isneverwalkingC.walkneverD.neveriswalking（）4.Wewillstartassoonasourteacher.A.comesB.willcomeC.comeD.iscoming（）5.Howlongagoplayingfootball?A.haveyoustoppedB.hadyoustoppedC.didyoustopD.doyoustop（）6.IthardwhenIleftmyhouse.A.israiningB.rainsC.wasrainingD.willrain（）7.Ithinkthisquestiontoanswer.A.easyB.iseasyC.waseasyD.willeasy（）8.Don’ttalksoloudly.Yourfather\nA.sleepsB.issleepingC.sleptD.hadslept（）9.Howmanypeopledoesthedoctorknowwhoofthedisease(疾病)？A.aredyingB.isdyingC.hasdiedD.dies（）10.Imyhomeworknow.A.finishB.finishedC.havefinishedD.hadfinished（）11.Ittenyearssincehisfatherdied.A.isB.wasC.hadbeenD.willbe（）12.Heforthreeyears.A.hasjoinedB.hasbeeninthearmyC.joinedD.hasservedthearmy（）13.Hisgrandfatherforthirtyyears.A.diedB.wasdeadC.hasbeendeadD.hasdied（）14.Ifrommybrotherforalongtime.A.nothaveheardB.havenotheardC.haveheardnotD.donothear（）15.Maths,oneofthemostimportantsubjectsalwaysinterestedhim.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is（）16.—DidyourbrothergotoAmericalastyear?—A.No,hedidnevergothereB.No,hehasnevergonehereC.No,heneverwasthereD.No,he’sneverbeenthere（）17.Hethatfactorysince1958.A.hasleftB.hasworkedinC.hasgonefromD.hascometo（）18.SincetenyearsagogreatchangesinChina.A.happenedB.havebeenhappenedC.havehappenedD.aretakenplace（）19.OurteachertoBeijingthreetimes.A.wentB.hadgoneC.hasgoneD.hasbeen（）20.It’sthethirdtimeyoulatethisweek.A.hadarrivedB.arrivedC.havearrivedD.arrive（）21.thefilmsinceIcamehere.A.I’veseenB.IwillseeC.IwouldseeD.Isee（）22.LastweekJohnhisleg.A.feltandbrokenB.fellandbrokeC.feelsandbreaksD.fallenandbroken（）23.Jackhisthickcoatbecauseitwassnowing.A.putsonB.putonC.takesonD.tookon（）24.Hethepictureonthewall.A.hangedB.hungC.hashangedD.washanged（）25.Nextmonthtwentyfive.A.hasmysisterB.mysisterwillbeC.mysistershallhaveD.mysisterisgoingtobe（）26.Youheragaininafewweeks.A.willseeB.haveseenC.hadseenD.havebeenseen（）27.Myparentsmetobeadoctor.A.hopedB.wantedC.decidedD.withes（）28.Ithardwhenweleft.A.israiningB.hasrainedC.rainedD.wasraining（）29.BytheendoflasttermweEnglishfortwoyears.A.havestudiedB.havebeenstudied\nC.wouldstudiedD.hadstudied（）30.Shesaidthatshethereforfiveyears.A.hasworkedB.hadworkedC.wasworkingD.worked（）31.MrsBrowninNewYorkforthreeyearsbeforeshewenttoLondon.A.livedB.hadlivedC.haslivedD.willlive（）32.Whenwearrived,thedinner.A.alreadybeganB.hasalreadybegunC.hadalreadybegunD.wasjustbegun（）33.IwillgohomefortheholidayassoonasImyexams.A.willfinishB.finishC.finishingD.finished（）34.When,I’lltalktohim.A.doesPetercomeB.PeterwillcomeC.PetercomesD.canPetercome（）35.Mysistertoseeme.She’llbeheresoon.A.comesB.iscomingC.hadcomeD.came（）36.Theysaidtheyouranswerthenextday.A.hadheardB.wouldhearofC.wouldhearD.willhear（）37.Theoldmansaidthatlightfasterthansound.A.wentB.willgoC.travelsD.willtravel（）38.Oh,dearXiaoHong.IyouinNanjing.A.don’tknow,areB.didn’tknow,wereC.didn’tknow,areD.don’tknow,havebeen（）39.—IsJohngoingaway?—Ithinkso.Heforabetterjob,buthedidn’tgetit.A.hadhopedB.washopedC.hopingD.hadhope（）40.Iamsurehe’llcometoseemebeforeheBeijing.A.leaveB.leftC.willleaveD.leaves（）41.—Well,hereIamatlast.—Good!Iworried.A.was,thatyouwouldn’tbebackontimeB.is,thatyouwouldbebackontimeC.is,soyou’dbebackontimeD.was,whether(是否)youwouldn’tbebackontime\n初中英语语法专项练习十一——定语从句1.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof_______youarenotsure.A.whichB.whatC.asD.those2.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone3.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone4.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature__________waterchangesintoice.A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat7.Thisbookwillshowyou__________canbeusedinothercontexts..A.howyouhaveobservedB.whatyouhaveobservedC.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved8.Thereasonis__________heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether9.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which10.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich\n11.Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what12.Hefailedintheexamination,__________madehisfatherveryangry.A.whichB.itC.thatD.what13.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_______wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that14.Thegirl________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging15.Those_______notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn16.Anyone________thisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst17.Didn’tyouseetheman________?A.InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnowC.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow18.Canyoulendmethenovel______theotherday?A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout19.Isthereanything_______toyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs\n20.----“Howdoyoulikethebook?”----“It’squitedifferentfrom_______Ireadlastmonth.”A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat21.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept_______whohadalreadytakenthem.A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers22.Thetrain_______shewastravellingwaslate.A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat23.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer_______thepapersarekept.A.whereB.inwhichC.underwhichD.which24.Antarctic_______weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich25.It’sthethirdtime_______latethismonth.A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived26.Itwasin1969_______theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.inwhich27.Maythefourthistheday______weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich28.WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,_______livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives.\nA.whichB.thatC.whoD.where29.Thehotel_______duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.A.westayedatB.wherewestayedatC.westayedD.inthatwestayed30.Isitinthatfactory_______“RedFlag”carsareproduced?A.inwhichB.whereC.whichD.that31.ItistheSuezCanal_______separatesAsia______Africa.A.which,toB.where,fromC.that,fromD.that,with32.Underthebridge,however,almostdirectlybelow,_______wasasmallcanoe,withaboyinit.A.thereB.whereC.itD.which33.Heisnot______afool_______.A.such,asheislookedB.such,ashelooksC.as,asheislookedD.so,ashelooks34.Isthatthereason_______youareinfavouroftheproposal?A.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat35.HemustbefromAfrica,_______canbeseenfromhisskin.A.thatB.asC.whoD.what36.Hehastwosons,_______workaschemists.A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhomC.bothofwhichD.allofwhom37.I,_______yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A.whoisB.whoamC.thatisD.whatis\n38.Heisamanofgreatexperience,_______muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhom39.----Doyouknowthetownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeI________here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming40.Idon’tlike_______youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich41.Thetwothings_______theyfeltveryproudareJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.A.aboutwhichB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.forwhich42.Thedinnerwasthemostexpensivemealwe______.A.wouldhaveB.havehadC.hadneverhadD.hadeverhad43.Doyouknowwhichhotel_______?A.sheisstayingB.sheisstayinginC.isshestayingD.isshestayingin44.Thereisonlyonething_______Icando.A.whatB.thatC.allD.which45.Whocanthinkofasituation________thisidiomcanbeused?A.whichB.thatC.whereD.inthat46.Ihavemanybooks,someof_______areonchemistry.A.themB.thatC.whicD.those\n47.Theywereinterested_______youtoldthem.A.inwhichB.inthatC.allthatD.ineverything48.Theastronautdidmanyexperimentsinthespaceship,________muchhelpforknowingspace.A.whichwethinkitisB.whichwethinkareofC.ofwhichwethinkisD.Ithinkwhichisof49.Thegreatdaywelookedforwardto_______atlast.A.comeB.cameC.comingD.comes50.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch_______washeldlastweek.A.whichB.whoC.thatD./初中英语语法专项练习十四——虚拟语气练习：一．用所给动词的适当形式填空：1.Theboyisn’thungry.Ifhe______(be)hungry,he______(eat)thecake.2.He’sbeenawaysincelastSunday.Ifhe______(be)hereyesterday,he______(attend)theconcert.3.Icouldn’tkeepawayaftertwelve.IfI______(work)allnight,I______(finish)itintime.4.Wedidn’tknowheraddress.Ifwe______(know)it,we______(send)anotetoher.5.You’relate.Ifyou______(come)afewminutesearlier,you\n______(meet)thefamouswomanscientist.6.Hewascareless.Ifhe______(put)thegoldwatchinasafeplace,he_____(not   lose)it.7.Heisn’there.Ifhe_____(be)here,he_____(help)hissisterlearntousethe    abacus.8.She_______(be)busynow.Ifshe_______(be)free,she_______(go)withyou.9.Themanager_______(be)inhisofficenow.Ifhe________(be)here,everything_______(be)settledinaminute.10.IfI________(be)you,I_______(notbe)discouragedatall.二．单项选择1.IfI________yourbook,I’llgiveittoyou.     A.willfind     B.havefound   C.find    D.finds2.IfIfoundyourbook,I______giveittoyou.  A.willB.hadC./D.would 3.Ifhe_______theexam,hewouldfailit. A.wouldtake B.took C.willtake D.takes 4.Whatwouldyoudoifyou______yourpassportinaforeigncountry.  A.willlose B.lost C.losses D.wouldlose5.IfIinvitedBilltotheparty,I_____inviteLindatoo. A.wouldhaveto B.wouldC.willhavetoD.willmust6.Ifwe_______gotothepartynextweek,theywouldbevery\nangry. A.don’tBcan’t C.havetoD.dinn’t7.---SahllIopenallthewindows? ---Yes,please,ifyou_______. A.shall B.wouldC.canD.haveto 8.Idon’tknow_______,ifhe_______,I’lltellyou.A.ifhecomes,willcomeB.ifhewillcome,comes C.whethershecomes,comes D.whethershewillcome,comes 9.IwishI______younger.A.were  B.are   C.am  D./   10.Doyoueverwishyou________?A.canflyB.haveflownC.couldfly D.wouldfly初一奥英试题及答案评析(2010-09-2711:02:13)转载标签：教育一、单项选择（20分）A．英语常识21．英语中有两个字母可以单独成词，是：（ a  ）\n   A.OU         B.YO      C.IA         D.YU          E.IO22．指出下列所给五个选项中，哪一组意思是表示“中国民航”和“特别行政区”：（　E　）A.BEC,SAR   B.PRC,IOC  C.CCP,WTO   D.MBA,CBC   E.CAAC,SAR23.总的说来，英语名词可以分为：（　　）Ａ.可数名词和不可数名词　Ｂ.单数名词和复数名词　Ｃ.专有名词和复数名词　　Ｄ.普通名词和不可数名词　　Ｅ.专有名词和普通名词24．在英汉两种语言中，英语是以（　　）为单位的，汉语是以（　　）为单位的。dＡ.字，词　  　Ｂ.字,字     Ｃ.词,词      Ｄ.词,字      Ｅ.字和词，字25.　判断下列缩写词不达意的正确全称：ＨＫ和ＰＥcA.HongKong,PeasantEducationB.HanKou,PhysicalEducationC.HongKong,PhysicalEducationD.HanKou,Parents’EnjoymentE.HongKouAirport,PersonalEnglishB．综合填空26.Theflower______verynice.  A.has         B.are        C.comes           D.looks27.Iwantasweater______thisredone.  A.like         B.looklike   C.lookslike        D.likes\n28.Please_____thecarblack.  A.tocolor      B.coloring   C.color            D.colors29.What’sthetime____yourwatch?A.on           B.by        C.of              D.in30._______shoesarethese?TheyareJohn’s.A.Whose        B.Who’s    C.Who            D.Whoare31.Youmustlookafteryourclothes_______.A.good         B.nice       C.well            D.fine32.----Jim,isthisyourbook?----No,it’s_______.A.her          B.my        C.Lucy’sandLily’sD.his33.There’s____”m”and_____“u”in“music”.A.a,an         B.an,a       C.an,an          D.a,a34.----What’sahundredandtwo_____ninety-sever.  ----It’sfive.A.of           B.minus      C.to             D.plus35.MissGaoisourteacher.Sheteaches_____English.A.my          B.me         C.our           D.usC．判断下列各句是否有误，请从A、B、C、D中选出，如无误，请选E36.Doesyoursisterwantasweaterlikethisone?  A.Does    B.yoursister  C.wants   D.thisone       E.Noerror37.Somemanteachersareunderthebigtree.Let’sgoandhelpthem.A.manteachers  B.under  C.Let’sgoD.them          E.Noerror\n38.Mydogisblackandwhite.Whataboutyou?A.mydog  B.blackandwhite  C.whatabout   D.you   E.Noerror39.Canyouseethattreehouseinthetree?It’sKate’sandLucy’s.A.seeB.thattreehouseC.in   D.Kate’sandLucy’s     E.Noerror40.Ihaveatwinbrother.WeareinChinanow.A.I   B.have        C.awinbrother  D.inChina     E.Noerror二、情景对话A．根据所提供的情景，选择正确的问句或答句41.----________.  ----Iam.  A.Who’sondutytoday?   B.AreyouMr.black?  C.AreyouJohn’sbrother?  D.AreyoufromAmerica?42.----IsTimlikehisfather?  ----_______.  A.Yes,helikeshisfather  B.No,heisn’t    C.Yes,hedoes          D.IthinksoB．逻辑排列，选择下列每组句子的对话顺序43.(1)Whatcolorarethey?  (2)No,theyaresheep.  (3)What’rethoseoverthere?Aretheydogs?  (4)They’rewhite.  A.(1)(2)(3)(4)  B.(1)(4)(3)(2)  C.(3)(4)(1)(2)    D.(3)(2)(1)(4)44.(1)Pleasecomein.thisway,please.  (2)Fine,thankyou.Howareyou?\n  (3)I’mfine,too.Thanks.  (4)Hello,Jim.Good!You’reathome.Howareyou?  (5)OK.Thanks.    A.(4)(2)(3)(1)(5)    B.(4)(3)(2)(1)(5)C.(1)(5)(4)(2)(3)    D.(1)(4)(3)(2)(5)45.(1)Oh,thisismycat,Mimi.  (2)Hello,Mimi!YoulooklikeLucy’shat.  (3)Who’sLucy?  (4)She’sanewstudent.SheisAmerican.  (5)Oh,Isee.A.     (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)      B.(5)(2)(1)(3)(4)  C.(2)(1)(3)(4)(5)       D.(3)(4)(1)(2)(5)三、完型填空ItisSundaytoday.___46___isafineday.Theskyis___47___.Mrs.Greenis__48___hisfamily.Thefamilyarehavinganouting（外出游玩）.TomisMr.andMrs.Green’sson.Maryis___49__.Theyare___50___along（沿着）asmallriver.Therearesomeboats__51____river.Mr.andMrs.Greenarelookingat__52___.Maryisnotlookingattheboats.Sheislookingatsomeducks（鸭子）.Theducksareswimming（游泳）__53___theriver.WhatisTom_54____?Heisintherivernow.Heis_55__.Mr.Greenandhisfamilyareveryhappytoday!46.A.This             B.That             C.It             D.Its47.A.green            B.blue             C.black          D.brown48.A.and              B.for              C.andwith       D.with\n49.A.hisdaughter     B.herdaughter   C.yourdaughter   D.theirdaughter50.A.working        B.washing       C.walking（散步）D.swimming51.A.on             B.in            C.ina            D.ona52.A.it              B.them         C.these           D.those53.A.on             B.under         C.to             D.in54.A.cleaning        B.doing         C.watching        D.making  55.A.playing      B.washinghisclothesC.swimming  D.jumping（跳）四、阅读理解AMyfatherhasagoodfriendinhisfactory（工厂）.He’sanoldman.Heis58.allthechildrenlikehim.Wecall（叫）himUncleWang.HecomesfromEngland.HelivesinBeijing.Hecan’tspeakChinese.Weteach（教）himChinese.HeteachesusEnglish.Hedoesn’tworkonSundays.Look!He’smending（修理）hiscarathome.Helikesmakingmachines（机器）.helikeswatchingTVwithhissonanddaughtersintheevening.根据短文内容，完成下列句子，每空一词56.UncleWangandmfatherareinthe______factory.57.UncleWang’s_____isfifty-eight.58.NowUncleWang’s______isinChina.59.Wecan’tspeak_____verywell.SoUncleWanghelpsus.60.UncleWang’s____arewithUncleWanginBeijing.B\nMr.BlackisanEnglishman.Heisover660yearsold.Heleaves（离开）hisfactory（工厂）andstays（呆）athomenow.heisakindandhard-working（勤劳的）man.Helikesgrowing（种植）differentkindsofflowersinhisgarden（花园）.Heworksthereeveryday（每天）.Sohisflowersgrowverywellandlookverynice.Manyyoungandoldpeoplecometohavealookattheflowersinhisgarden.Heoften（常常）picks（摘）andsends（送）someflowerstothemwhen（当。。。的时候）theyleave.Thismakes（使得）himveryhappyandtheylovehimverymuch.61.Mr.Blackis____England.62.Mr.Jacksonisvery_____andheworkshardeveryday.63.Hisflowersinhisgardenlookvery____andpeoplelovethem.64.Whenpeoplecometohisgarden,heoftensends_____someflowers.65.Heisvery_____whenpeoplesaygoodtohisflowers.CMr.Jacksonisseventy-seven.Buthelikeseating（吃）ice-cream（冰淇淋）.Onhiswayhome,hebuys（买）one.Great!Nooneseeshimhecaneatitnow.suddenly（突然）,heseesMrs.Smithcomesherewithherdog,Bill.Mr.Jacksondoesn’twanthertoseehimeatinganicecreaminthestreet（街道）.Sohehides（藏）itbehindhisback（背后）,andsayshellotoher.Mrs.Smithishappyandshetalks（交谈）alotaboutherfamily.ButMr.Jacksonworriesabouthisicecreamverymuch,becausethedogturnsround（转到后面）himtolick（舔）it.\n根据短文内容，判断正误（正确的选A，错误的选B）66.Mr.Jacksonlookslikeboy.67.Onhiswayhome,hewantsanicecream.68.Mrs.Smithseeshimandhisicecream.69.Billfindstheicecream.70.AtlastJacksoncan’teathisfood.DWehavetwonewstudentsinourschool.TheyareMikeandTimtheylookthesame,buttheyarenottwins.MikeisAmerican.Heistwelve.HeisinClassFour.Hehasalittlesister.Heoften（常常）looksafterher.TimisCanadian（加拿大人）.Heistwelve,too.HeisinClassOne.Helikesfootball.HeoftenplaysfootballwithMikeandTimaregookfriends.TheyareinNo.10MiddleSchool.根据短文内容，选择正确答案71.Mikeis_______.A.Japanese       B.Chinese       C.Canadian     D.American72.Mike_____Tim.A.lookslike      B.looksafter     C.looksat      D.looksthesame73.MikeandTimarein_____.A.thesameclass   B.thesameschoolC.differentgradesD.differentschools74.Wholikefootball,TimorMike?______.A.Yes,Tim       B.Yes,Mike     C.Tim          D.Mike\n75.Whichisright?A.Mikeisthirteen.B.  Timoftenlooksafterhislittlesister.C.MikeandTimaregookfriends.D.  MikeandTimaretwins.五、句型转换（4分）（每空一词）76.ShehasasheepandaphotoIherhouse.（改为复数句子）________some________and_______in______houses.77.Itisn’tJack’sbike.Ithink.（同义句转换）I________thinkit________Jack’sbike.78.Let’sgotoschoolnow.（改为否定句）  ______________gotoschoolnow.六、动词填空（2分）（每空可填一词以上）79.Jimwithhisparents____(go)toLondoneveryyear.80.Fiveplusten___(be)fifteen.81.There______(be)somemoneyinmypurse.82.Myparentswouldlikeme_____(read)Englishinthemorning.七、翻译83．树房里的那件上衣是你弟弟的吗？84．桌上有几杯咖啡？八、智力测试85.Mr.Greenhasadaughter.Helovesherverymuch.Andhisdaughterhasason.Mr.Greenloveshisdaughter,sohelikeshisgrandson（孙子）verymuch,too.Sothereisasaying（谚语）:”Love\nme,lovemydog.“What’stheChinesemeaning（意思）.It’s_____________(inChinese).86.It’srainingcatsanddogsnow.thewords“catsanddogs”means（意思指）:___________________________________.(InEnglish).87.Myunclehasabrother.Heisnotmyuncle.Whoishe?Heismy____________________.88.Mysister’sBrown’sdaughter,butBrownisn’thermother,Brownisher_______________________.89.“Wallshaveears”means:__________________________.(InChinese)90.Whatlettersavegetable（蔬菜）:__________________________.91.----Canyoutake1from4（从4中取走1）andget5?How?----Yes.Take______from_____andIcanget_____.92.Jim,TomandSamhaveseventeenapples,Jimwantsone-half（二分之一）ofthem,Tomwantsonethird（三分之一）ofthem,Samwantsoneninth（九分之一）ofthem,atlastdoyouknowhowmanyapplesSamcanget?(Hecanget___________________)九、写作（5分）提示：讲述一个小偷（thief）偷你钱及你如何对付的故事要求：1．  语言流畅，无语法、拼写错误，意思无误2．字数60个左右3．书写工整4．以日记格式21-40:cdeec,dacba,cdbbc,cadde\n41-60:abcaa,cbddc,dbdbc,same,age,home,English,children61-75:from,kind,nice,them,happy,babaa,dabcc76:They’vesheepphotostheir77:don’tis78:Let’snot79:goes80.is81.is82.toread83.Isthecoatinthetreehouseyourbrother’s?84.Howmanycupsofcoffeearethereonthetable?85.爱屋及乌  86.heavily87.father  88.father  89.隔墙有耳  90.P   91.I,IV,V  92.two答案与简析、1.C。“Howareyou?”是熟人之间常用的客套招呼语，答语常用“Fine,thankyou.”或“Verywell,thankyou.”表示问候的用语还有“Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.Hello/Hi.”等，答语须重复原话。2.B。介绍某人，常用句型“Thisis...”。自我介绍则用“Mynameis...”或“I’m...”。3.D。“Nicetomeetyou.”一般在两人初次见面被互相介绍后使用，其答语为“Nicetomeetyou,too.”。“Howdoyoudo?”和“Gladtomeetyou.”也属于介绍用语。4.D。打电话时，欲问对方是谁，应说“Whoisthat(speaking)?”\n。5.A。打电话时，欲说“我是……”，应说“Thisis...”。6.A。接电话时，若想请对方别挂断或稍等，应说“Holdon(foramoment),please.”。7.C。接电话时，若你正是对方要找的人，可说“请讲”(Speaking.)；若对方要找的人不在，可说“He/Sheisn‘thererightnow.CanItakeamessageforyou?”。Ⅲ.语法透视◆不可数名词用法举要◆不可以用数目来计算的名词称为不可数名词。学习不可数名词时，应注意以下几点：▲不可数名词没有复数形式。如：somemeat,somebread,不可说somemeats,somebreads。▲不可数名词不能不定冠词a,an及数词修饰，但可用some,any,much（许多），alotof（许多），alittle（一点）等直接修饰。如：我们不可以说atea,twomilk,但可以说sometea,muchmeat。\n▲不可数名词前通常用量词来表示具体的数。如：aglassofwater,twocupsoftea,fivepiecesofbread。需要注意的是：类似短语中的介词of不能省去，当数词大于“一”时，量词需要用复数形式。▲不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Theseissomewaterinthebottle.瓶里有些水。Isthereanyriceinthebag?袋子里有米吗？▲若不可数名词前有复数数量词修饰时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Therearethreebottlesoforangeonthetable.桌上有三瓶桔汁。试比较：Thereissomeorangeonthetable.▲对不可数名词前的修饰语提问，疑问词用howmuch。例如：Theywanttwocupsoftea.→Howmuchteadotheywant?Thereissomemilkintheglass.\n→Howmuchmilkisthereistheglass?▲对不可数名词前量词部分的修饰语提问题，疑问词用howmany。例如：Theywanttwocupsoftea.→Howmanycupsofteadotheywant?▲不可数名词表示特指时可用定冠词the修饰。例如：ThebreadonthetableisLiLei’s.桌上的面包是李磊的。▲有些名词即可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，但意思却大不相同。如：glass作可数名词，意思是“玻璃杯”，作为不可数名词，意思是“玻璃”；room作可数名词，意思是“房间”，作不可数名词，意思是“空间”。Ihavemanyfriendsbreadmeatmilkfish（面包）（肉）（牛奶）（鱼）Ⅳ.难词解码◆some与any之区别◆some和any都有“一些”的意思，都可作形容词、代词，可修饰或代替可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词，但两者用法不同。一、some\n一般用于肯定句中。例如：Icanseesomeflowers.我能直到一些花。Thereissomemilkintheglass.杯子里有一些牛奶。二、any一般用于否定句和疑问句中。例如：—Canyouseeanybreadonthetable?你看到桌子上有面包吗？—Yes,Icanseesome.是的，我看到一些。—Canyouseeanygirlsinthepicture?你能看到图画上的女孩吗？—No,Ican’tseeany.不，我一个也看不到。三、some可用于表示请求、邀请、希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中。例如：—Canyougivemesomebread?你能给我一些面包吗？—Certainly.Hereyouare.当然可以，给你。Wouldyoulikesomebread?你想要些面包吗？同学们，请看，Polly\n给我们编出了一句顺口溜：some用于肯定句，疑问句、否定用any，请求、邀请与期待，仍用some代any。◆doyoulike与wouldyoulike◆Doyoulike…?意为“你喜欢……吗？”“你爱……吗？”等，是提问者问对方习惯上喜爱什么，并不指目前一时爱好。其后常跟或doing结构作宾语。例：Doyoulikemeat?你喜欢吃肉吗？Doyoulikeplayingbasketball?你喜欢打篮球吗？其肯定回答为Yes,Ido.;否定回答为No.Idon’t.。Wouldyoulike…?意为“你想要……吗？”“你愿意……吗？”，指说话人委婉地向对方提出请求或建议，是指目前的情况，其后常跟名词或todo结构作宾语。例：Wouldyoulikesomeapples?你卢吃一些苹果吗？Wouldyouliketohaveacupoftea\n？你想喝杯茶吗？其肯定回答是Yes,please.或Yes,I’dlike/loveto.;否定回答是No,thanks./thankyou.或Yes,I’dliketo,but…等。例：A:Wouldyoulikeabottleoforange?B:Yes,please./No,thanks.wouldlike还可缩写为’dlike。例：I’dliketohaveacupoftea.Ⅴ.幽默趣赏◆Tom’sAnswer◆Tom:Dad,blackhensaremorecleverthanwhitehens,aren‘tthey?Dad:Howdoyouknowit,Tom?Tom:Well,blackhenscanlaywhiteeggs,butwhitehenscan’tlayblackeggs\n.汤姆的回答汤姆：爸爸，黑母鸡比白母鸡聪明，不是吗?爸爸：你是怎么知道的，汤姆?汤姆：喏，黑母鸡能下白色的蛋，而白母鸡不能下黑色的蛋。◆TheRedInk◆Bob:Mum,I‘mmakingapictureofmyfather.Whereistheredink?Mum:Whatdoyouwanttodowiththeredink?Bob:I’llcolourhisnosered.红墨水鲍勃：妈妈，我正在画一张爸爸的像，红墨水在哪里?妈妈：你用红墨水干什么?鲍勃：我要把他的鼻子着成红色。◆Adishonestcat◆\n一只不诚实的猫1.Therelivesacatinthecountry.Itlikestellinglies,sothatitglossesoveritsmistakes.在乡下，有一只猫，它喜欢说谎，以便掩盖自己的过失。2.Whenitcatchesarat,theratgetsaway.Itsays,“Youaretoothin.Iwon’tcatchyouuntilyoubecomefat.”它捉老鼠时，老鼠逃跑了。它说：“你太瘦了，等你肥了我再捉你。”3.Itclimbsupatreetocatchbirds,thebirdsfliesaway,anditfallsoffthetree.Itsays1usedtodo,beusedtodoing,beusedtodo辨析词语辨析2009-05-2120:05:57阅读12753评论12  字号：大中小 订阅usedtodo过去常常……be/getusedtosth./doingsth..习惯于……beusedtodo被用来做……A.选用适当的词组填空：1.Lifehereismucheasierthanit____________be.2.He______________hardwork.3.I’velivedinParisforsixyearsnow,soI’mquite_________the\ntraffic.4.It’sdifficulttounderstandScottishpeopleifyou______________theiraccent.5.Itwasabitofashock:I___________________payingsomuchforasandwichandaglassofbeer.6.Idon’tplaytennismuchthesedays,butI____________.7.Thewood______________makedesksandchairs.B.动词填空：1.You’llsoongetusedto___________(live)inthecountry.2.Ineverusedto___________(eat)cakes,butIeatalotnow.3.I’mnotusedto_____________(treat)likethis.4.WhenIwasyoungerIwasusedto____________(walk)longdistances.5.Iusedto___________(go)swimmingonSaturdays.6.Didn’tsheuseto____________(live)inGermany?C.翻译句子：1．几个月后他就习惯了一个人生活了。 _____________________________________.2．我过去一直住在伦敦。 _____________________________________.3．刀是用来切东西的。 _____________________________________.4．人们曾认为地球是扁的。 _____________________________________.\nD.中考链接(  )1.There________alotofred-crownedcranesinthisarea. A.wasusedto  B.wasusedtobe  C.usedto  D.usedtobe(  )2.Sheusedto______withherparents,butnowsheisusedto______withherclassmates     atschool.(泰州） A.live;living   B.live;live    C.living;living   D.living;live(  )3.Heusedto____inasmallvillage,butnowhehasbeenusedto___inthebigcity.(镇江） A.live;living   B.live;live   C.living;living    D.living;live(  )4.MrsGreen_______gotohospital,butnowsheisingoodhealth. A.hasto   B.needto     C.usedto   D.oughtto1.Mycousinisusedto________(study)withhisnewfriendsinAustralia.(南京)2.Mymotherisusedto________(get)upearlytocookbreakfastforus.(一模)3.MrBushisusedto__________(get)upearlyinthemorning.(一模)4.JimhaslivedinAustraliafortwoyears.Heisusedto_________(驾驶)ontheleft.相关拓展(初中学生了解即可,不要求运用)usedto正式的否定形式为usedn’t疑问形式为used提前。Iusedn’ttolikeher. \n我未曾喜欢过她。Usedyoutogothere?您过去可常去那里？Thereusedtobeacinemahere,usedn’tthere?但在口语中或不拘谨的书面语中其否定及疑问形式均与did连用。Ididn’tusetolikeher.Didyouusetogothere?Thereusedtobeacinemahere,didn’tthere? 2参考答案:A.1.usedto 2.isusedto 3.usedto 4.arenotusedto 5.wasnotusedto 6.usedto 7.isusedtoB.1.living 2.eat 3.beingtreated(该题为动名词的被动形式,初中不作要求) 4.walking 5.go 6.liveC.1.Hewasusedtolivingaloneseveralmonthlater.2.IusedtoliveinLondon.3.Theknifeisusedtocutthings.4.Peopleusedtothinkthattheearthwasflat.D.1.D 2. A  3.A 4.C \n1.studying 2.getting 3.getting 4.drivingbeafraidtodo与beafraidofdoing的真正区别看过很多人对这两个短语的辨析，但都觉得解释得不很到位，甚至会有种越看越糊涂的感觉。两个短语都有“不敢去做某事”的意思，但beafraidtodosth.真正的意思是“害怕做某事”，也就是主语对做某事内心感到恐惧；beafraidofdoingsth.表示主语内心里不情愿做某事，也可以说是不希望发生某事，但自己不一定能避免它。例如：     Hewasafraidtogooutaloneatnight.(他害怕晚上独自外出。暗含的意思是“他对于晚上独自外出缺乏安全感”。)    Hecamelatetoschoolandwasafraidofbeingscoldedbytheteacher.(他上学迟到了，害怕被老师吵。暗含的意思是“他不情愿被老师吵”。)    用“不敢.......”来辨别这两个短语很能说明问题。    Heisafraidofbeingbeatenbyhisfather.他怕被他爸打。（不是他敢不敢的问题，他是不情愿。）    Heisafraidtotouchthesnake.他不敢碰那条蛇。（他内心里恐惧蛇。）虚拟条件句的三种基本类型：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：\nIfIhavetime,Iwillgowiththem.假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气)IfIwereyou,Iwouldgowiththem.假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气)▲与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should(would,could,might)+动词原形”：IfIknewhernumber，Icouldringherup.要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道)▲与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句3谓语用“should(would,could,might)+have+过去分词”：IfI’dleftsooner，I’dhavebeenontime.要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)▲与将来事实相反若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should(would,could,might)+动词原形”：IfIaskedhim，I’msurehe’dhelpus.如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做)注：几点特别说明①主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。would,might,could的大致区别是：would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：\nIfyoutriedagain，youwouldsucceed.要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结果)Ifyoutriedagain，youmightsucceed.要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might表可能)Ifyoutriedagain，youcouldsucceed.要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力)④对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点：一是这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测；二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”)或“wereto+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设)；三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用“should(would,could,might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外，也可用直陈语气或祈使语气：Ifitshouldraintomorrow,don’texpectme.万一明天下雨，就不要等我了。（祈使语气）IfIshouldseehim,I’lltellhim.万一我见到他，我就告诉他。（直陈语气）表示推测的情态动词表示推测的情态动词有must,could,may,might,can,should等。“情态动词+不定式一般式”表示对现在或将来的推测，“情态动词+不定式进行式”表示对正在进行的动作或事情的推测，“情态动词+不定式完成式”表示对过去的推测。一、must表示推测的用法must表示推测时，只用于肯定句，表示很大的可能性，意为“一定，准是，必然会”。其否定形式是can’t/couldn’t(不可能)。例如：\n1.Youhaven’teatenanythingsincethismorning;youmustbehungry.2.Thatcan’tbeMary—she’sinhospital.二、can/could表示推测的用法1.can表示推测时，多用于肯定句和疑问句。当用于肯定句时，指“有时可能会”，是理论上的可能，其时间意义宽泛不具体。例如：Evenexperiencedteacherscanmakemistakes.2.could表示推测时，既可以用于肯定句，又可以用于疑问句。例如：Mybookhasdisappeared.Whocouldhavetakenit?3.can’t/couldn’t表示推测时，用于否定句，是语气最强的否定44推测，意为“不可能，一定不(是)”。例如：Hecan’t/couldn’thaveseenherthere.4.can/could在疑问句中表示推测时，含有怀疑或疑问的意味，could比can更不确定。例如：①Canthenewsbetrue?②Whocanitbe?三、may/might表示推测的用法1.may/might表示推测时，用于肯定句，表示无把握的推测，意为“可能，或许”。(might比may更加不肯定，更无把握)。例如：①Hemay/mightbewritingaletternow.②Theymayhavebeendiscussingtheproblemthismorning.2.maynot/mightnot表示推测时，用于否定句，表示(无把握的)否定推测，意为“可能/或许不”。例如：Helooksveryhappy.Hemightnothaveknowntheresult.\n四、should表示推测的用法should表示推测时，表示按常规、常理的推测，即“(正常情况下)按理应该”，暗含很大的可能性，但语气比must弱。例如：1.It’snearlyseveno’clock.Jackshouldbehereatanymoment.2.Threeweeksshouldbeenough.【即学即练】一、用表示推测的情态动词must,could,may,might,can,should的适当形式填空。1.—Hi,Tom.AnyideawhereJaneis?—Shebeintheclassroom.Isawhertherejustnow.2.—Iheartheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.—Itbetruebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.3.Accidentshappenonsuchrainydays.4.—How’syourtouraroundtheNoahLake?Isitbeautiful?—Itbe,butitisheavilypollutednow.5.He(complete)hiswork;otherwise,hewouldn’tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.key：1.must2.couldn’t3.can4.should5.musthavecompleted二、翻译下列句子，注意情态动词的推测用法和情态动词后动词的形式。1.如果火车准点的话，他们应该到北京了。2.—站在那里的那个人一定是布朗先生。—不可能是他，他去纽约了。\n3.他们会把房门钥匙藏到哪儿去呢？4.他还没来。你一定忘了通知他开会的时间了。5Key：1.Ifthetrainarrivesontime,theyshouldbeinBeijingnow.2.—ThatpersonstandingtheremustbeMrBrown.—Itcan’tbehim,becausehehasgonetoNewYork.3.Wherecouldtheyhavehiddenthekeytotheroom?4.Hehasn’tcomeyet.Youmusthaveforgottentoinformhimofthedateofthemeeting.初中定语从句讲解及练习一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语\n(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?――――附练习（一）\n定语从句练习练习(一)请分析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1.     CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.2.     AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.63.     Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.4.     Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.5.     Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.6.     Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?8.     HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.9.     MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.10. Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?12. Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.13. Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.14. Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.15. AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.       Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.2.       Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3.       Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.\n4.       Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5.       Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.6.       Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.7.       Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8.       Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.9.       Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.10.   Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.11.   Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.12.   Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.13.   Thisisshirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.14.   Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.15.   Thebook____________isonthetableismine.16.   Thefilm____________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.17.   Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.18.   Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?19.   Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.20.   Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.三、单项选择()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose\n()2.What’sthenameoftheprogram________.A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningtoC.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening()3.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything()4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which()5.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat77()6.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who()7.Doyouknowthestudent_____?A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk()8.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.who’sC.it'sD.its()9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary_____?A.whatIneedB.IneedC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit()10.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that\n练习(一)一、注：（划了线的是定语从句）方框里的词是先行词1.     CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.（2.     AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.3.     Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.4.     Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.5.     Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.6.     Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?8.     HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.9.     MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.10. Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?12. Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.13. Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.14. Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.15. AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.       Thisistheman__that\who______wantstoseeyou.2.       Thestudent____that\who_______answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3.       Theman_____that\who_____youwenttoseehascome.4.       Theman_____that\who_\whom_____Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.\n5.       Thewoman______that\who\whom_________yousawisourgeographyteacher.6.       Therunner_______that\who\whom_________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.7.       Theperson_____that\who\whom_________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8.       Theman_____that\who______waspassingbysawwhathappened.9.       Hereisthepen___that\which______youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.10.   Thesebooks____that\which_________youlentmewereveryuseful.11.   Thestorybook_______that\which______Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.12.   Aclockisamachine____that\which___tellspeoplethetime.13.   Thisisshirt_______that\which_________Iboughtyesterday.14.   Adictionaryisabook___that\which___________givesthemeaningtotheword.15.   Thebook_____that\which________isonthetableismine.816.   Thefilm_______that\which______theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.\n17.   Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces__that___Ihaveevervisited.18.   Isthereanyone______whose______familyisinBeijing?19.   Showmetheboy_____whose_________motherisawell-knownsinger.20.   Theboy____whose__fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.三选择1-5ADACC6-10ACABBtakeafter与looklike1.takeafter意为由于有血缘关系“长得像，行为、性格等像”，尤其是像自己的长辈，可解释为besimilarto。如：Maryreallytakesafterhermother.玛丽的确长得像她的妈妈。2.looklike可以用于所有场合，既可指人也可指物，只指外表看上去像。如：Themanlookslikeourheadmaster.那个人看起来像我们的校长\n。Thephotodoesn’tlooklikeheratall.初中被动语态小结　　一、语态概述　　英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。　　主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。　　例如：ManypeoplespeakChinese.　　谓语：speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。　　被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。　　二、被动语态的构成　　被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。　　一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken　　一般过去时：was／were＋spoken　　一般将来时：will／shallbe＋spoken　　现在进行时：am／is／arebeing＋spoken　　过去进行时：was/werebeing＋spoken\n　　现在完成时：have／hasbeen＋spoken　　过去完成时：hadbeen+spoken　　三、被动语态的用法　　（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。　　例如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.　一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）　　Thisbridgewasfoundedin1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。　　（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。　　例如：TheglasswasbrokenbyMike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。9Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。　　Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedontime.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。　　四、主动语态变被动语态的方法　　（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。　　（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。　　（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：　　Allthepeoplelaughedathim.\n　　Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.　　Theymakethebikesinthefactory.　　Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.　　Hecutdownatree.　　Atreewascutdownbyhim.　　五、含有情态动词的被动语态　　含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。　　Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.　　Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.　　Theyshoulddoitatonce.　　Itshouldbedoneatonce.　　六、特殊情况　　1.Hemadetheboyworkfortwohoursyesterday.　　Theboywasmadetoworkbyhimfortwohoursyesterday.　　2.MotherneverletsmewatchTV.　　IamneverlettowatchTVbymother.　　3.JackgavePeteraChristmaspresentjustnow.　　（1）AChristmaspresentwasgiventoPeterbyJackjustnow.　　（2）PeterwasgivenaChristmaspresentbyJackjustnow.\n　　特别说明：由于各方面情况的不断调整与变化，中小学教育网所提供的所有考试信息仅供参考，敬请考生以权威部门公布的正式信息为准。过去完成时的自我介绍 Hello,everyone!认识我了吗？我是过去完成时态啊，是不是觉得和现在完成时态有些相似处呢？这样吧，来听听我的自我介绍吧！<表现形式>1.基本形式：had+过去分词。　　2.否定形式：had+not+过去分词(hadnot照样可缩写hadn't)。　　3.一般疑问形式：had提到句首，回答用Yes,主语+had./No,主语+hadn't.例如：10　　---Hadshetoldyoutogothereearlieryesterday?她昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗？　　---Yes,shehad./No,shehadn't.是的，她告诉了。/不，她没有。4.被动语态形式：had+been+过去分词。如：WhenIgotthere,thewindowshadbeenbroken.当我到那儿时，窗户已经被打破了。<最佳拍档>我可是个相对的时态，自然不能离开过去某时/动作而“独闯天下”，只能早于过去某时/动作，或频频“光顾”于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中，所以already/yet/still/just/before/never/by（theendof）lastyear\n等时间状语常来“配合作战”；也常活跃在after/before/when+过去时态从句或bythetime+过去时态从句等的主句中。如：Bythetimewegotthere,shehadleft.当我们到达那里的时候，她已经离开了。<与其他时态间的联系与区别>　　1.与一般过去时态“小同大异”：我和一般过去时都可指动作发生在过去，但我强调动作相对于过去某一时刻已经完成；而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间或过去经常性、习惯性动作，需要特别注意的是：当动作附带yesterday、lastyear等过去时间状语时，应用一般过去时态。请区别：Bytheendoflastyear,Ihadvisitedsevendifferentcities.截止到去年年底，我已经参观过七个不同的城市了。　　WelearnedanotherEnglishsonglastmonth.上个月我们学了另一首英文歌曲。　　2.与现在完成时态“似是而非”：现在完成时表示动作相对于现在已经完成，其标准对照时间点为现在；而我表示动作相对于过去某一时刻前已完成，其标准对照时间点为过去。试比较：　　Ihavebeentheretwice.我去过那儿两次。IhadbeentheretwicebeforeIwenttoschool.在我上学前，我去过那儿两次。 怎么样，各位，对我有所了解了吗？来到后面的时态训练营一试身手吧！ \n【完成时态专练】1.He___________（turn）offthelight.Wecanleavenow.2.Bythetimewegottothecinema,thefilm___________（begin）.3.She___________（finish）herhomeworkbeforeIleftschool.4.Mymother___________（be）ateachersince2003.115.Hetoldusthathe___________（give）thebooktohisbrother.6.I___________（wash）alltheclothes.SoIcanhavearest.7.They___________（stay）inChinaforalongtime.8.Myfather___________（arrive）homebeforenineo’clocklastnight. 【参考答案】1.hasturned2.hadbegan3.hadfinished4.hasbeen5.hadgiven6.havewashed7.havestayed8.hadarrived宾语从句讲练 宾语从句是初中阶段英语教学的重点之一，也是学生学习的难点之一。无论是在平时测试，还是在各种竞赛或中考中，牵涉到宾语从句用法的试题很多，所占的分值也比较大。现将初中阶段涉及到的宾语从句归纳如下，供同学们学习时参考。\n一、宾语从句的判断宾语从句，顾名思义，是一个用作宾语的句子。例如Idon'tknowif/whethermyfatherwillcomebacktomorrow.我不知道明天我爸爸是否会回来。Tomcan'tdecidewhichsweaterheshouldbuy.汤姆不能决定应该买哪一件羊毛衫。Weallknow（that）thesunrisesintheeast.我们都知道太阳在东方升起。二 . 辨别主句和宾语从句引导宾语从句的连接词有三种，分别为：A.连词if/whether；B.疑问词when,where,how,why等；C.连词that。1)如果原来的句子为一般疑问句，变成宾语从句时，就形成了A种宾语从句。2)如果原来的句子为特殊疑问句，变成从句时，就形成了B种宾语从句。3)C种宾语从句原来是陈述句。如将两个句子组成含有宾语从句的主从复合句，会有以下几种情况：1.       Willhecomebacktomorrow？Doyouknow？→Doyouknowif/whetherhewillcomebacktomorrow？2.       WhichsweatershouldTombuy？Tomcan'tdecide.Tomcan'tdecidewhichsweaterheshouldbuy.3.       Thesunrisesintheeast.Weallknow.→Weallknowthatthesunrisesintheeast.三 . 当主句的谓语动词为一般现在时时，从句中的谓语动词的时态形式\n1）如果主句谓语动词为一般现在时，那么宾语从句的谓语动词的时态可以根据具体情况，该用哪种时态，就用哪种时态。2）如果主句谓语动词的时态为一般过去时，根据主从句时态一致的原则，从句谓语动词的时态可以使用相应的过去时态。如宾语从句中的一般现在时变为一般过去时：is/am/are→was/were；do/does→did；may→might；need→neededcan→could.一般将来时变为过去将来时：is/am/aregoingtodo→was/weregoingtodo；willdo→woulddo.现在完成时变为过去完成时：has/havedone→haddone.现在进行时变为过去进行时：is/am/aredoing→was/weredoing.12请看下列句子：LucysaysthatLilyislisteningtothemusic.→LucysaidthatLilywaslisteningtothemusic.LucysaysthatLilywillgohome.→LucysaidthatLilywouldgohome.LucysaysthatLilygetsupatfive.→LucysaidthatLilygotupatfive.LucysaysthatLilyhasneverbeentoGuangzhou.→LucysaidthatLilyhadneverbeentoGuangzhou.3）如果宾语从句表示的是一个客观事实或真理时,其时态不受主句限制,而用一般现在时。如:Ourteachersaidlighttravelsfasterthansound.我们老师说光比声音传播得快。Mothertoldmetheearthgoesroundthesun.妈妈告诉我地球绕着太阳转。\n四 . 做题时必须考虑的问题人称代词要作相应的变动。例如：Doyouhaveanycheaperones？Motheraskedtheshopkeeper.Motheraskedtheshopkeeperif/whetheryouhadanycheaperone.妈妈问你们是否还有更便宜的。（误）Motheraskedtheshopkeeperif/whethertheyhadanycheaperones.妈妈问他们是否还有更便宜的。（正）  初中英语宾语从句专项训练I.单项选择(   )1．Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow．_________hecomes，I'lltellyou．A．if；Whether   B．whether；Whether    C．if；That      D．if；If(   )2．Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow．A．whendoeshecome   B．howwillhecome   C．ifhecomes  D．whetherhe'llcome(   )3．Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis？A．what        B．how       C．whether         D．where(   )4．Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp？A．howdidhemend   B．whatdidhemend    C．howhemended  D．whathemended\n(   )5．Iwanttoknow_________．A．whomisshelookingafter  B．whomsheislooking C．whomisshelooking      D．whomsheislookingafter(   )6．Doyouknowwhere_________now？A．helives     B．doeshelive     C．helived         D．didhelive(   )7.Doyouknowwhattime_________？A．thetrainleave  B．doesthetrainleave    C．willthetrainleave  D．thetrainleaves(   )8．Idon'tknow_________．Canyoutellme，please？A．howthetwoplayersareold   B．howoldarethetwoplayersC．thetwoplayersarehowold   D．howoldthetwoplayersare(   )9．Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________．A．whatistheirstockingsin     B．whatisintheirstockingsC．whereistheirstockingsin    D．whatintheirstockings(   )10．Ican'tunderstand_________．A．whatdoesChristmasmean    B．whatChristmasdoesmeanC．whatmeanChristmasdoes    D．whatChristmasmeans13II．按要求转换句型1．DoesMr．BrownenjoylivinginChina？Couldyoutellus？（改写句子）→Couldyoutellus_____________Mr．Brown_________livinginChina？\n2．“Doesthegirlneedanyhelp？”heaskedme．（变为复合句）→Heaskedme_____________thegirl_________somehelp．3．Jimisnotastudent．Tomisnotastudent，either．（合并为一个句子）_________Jim_________Tomisastudent．4．Whendoesthetrainleave？Iwanttoknow．（改为含宾语从句的复合句）Iwanttoknow_________thetrain_________．5．Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework．（用not．．．until改写）They_________gohome_________theyhadfinishedtheirhomework．6．DidPetercomehereyesterday？LiLeiwantstoknow．（改为含宾语从句的复合句）LiLeiwantstoknow_________Peter_________hereyesterday．  宾语从句专项训练参考答案： I．1—5DDDCD6—10ADDBDII．1．if／whether；enjoys2．if／whether；needed3．Neither；nor4．when；leaves5．didn't；until6．whether/if；came 初中英语任务型阅读理解\n一CountryCapitalLanguage(s)IndiaNewDelhiHindiandEnglishCanadaOttawaEnglishandFrenchRussiaMoscowRussianEgyptCairoArabicSingaporeSingaporeCityMalay,Chinese,TamilandEnglish根据上面的表格用一个或两个词完成下面句子：1.Ifyougoto,maybesomepeoplecanunderstandyou.2.Egyptiansspeak.3.Ifyougoto,youmustlearnRussianwell.4.ThecapitalofSingaporeis.5.Fromtheform(表格),wecanseethatisthemostimportantlanguage.二I’vegotsomeinformationforeveryonegoingtoBritainnextmonth.Asyouknow,you’llbestayingwithafamilyfortwoweeks.Nowthemostimportantthingismoney.Youshouldtakeabout￡30incash(现金)andabout￡200intravelerscheques(支票).Thenwhenyouarriveattheairportyou’llbemetbyourhost(主人)family.Youmustremembertoweararedshirtsothefamilywillfindyoueasily.I’vetoldthemtolookoutfortheredshirts.You’llalsoneedtotakewithyou4photosofyourselfand,ofcourse,it’sveryimportantthatyoutaketheschoolletter.Whileyouarethere,ifyouhaveanyproblems,youcancallouragent(代理人).I’llgiveyouherofficephonenumbernow:It’s580-4436andthepersontoaskforisMrs.Belcher,that’sB-E-L-C-H-E-R.She’sintheofficefrom9-5everyday.OK!That’severything.Haveagoodtrip.根据短文内容填写下表，每空词数不限：GOINGTOBRITAINMoney-cash:￡30-travelercheques:(1)Wear:(2)Take:(3)Officephonenumber:(4)Askfor:(5)三Inthewest,therecanbesomeabbreviations(缩略词)insomeadvertisements(广告)ofthenewspaper.Here’sanadvertisementforanapartment(公寓套房).Mostofthewordsinitareabbreviations,forexample,Lrg.apt,i.e.(即)Largeapartment;lrg.lvrm,i.e.Largeliving-room.Now,pleasereadtheadvertisementcarefully,andthenfillineachblankwithONEword.ForRent(出租)Lrg.aptFourthflr.Veryquietbldg.Nopets.Twobedrms.Lrg.lvrm.Ut1.pd.Unfrn.Gd.1ctn.$220permo.Call662-39401.Theapartmentisonthefloorofthebuilding.2.Ifyourent(租用)theapartment,do(千万)remembernottobring\nany,likedogs,cats,birdsandsoon.3.Thereisalargeliving-roomandtwointheapartment.4.Thelocation(位置)ofthebuildingisvery.5.Ifyourenttheapartment,youmustpay(付)dollars(美元)everymonth.四MynameisMaryConnor.I’mAmericanandI’manurseinRosewoodHospital.I’m20andsingle(独身).Myhobbiesaretennisandcomputergames.Mybrotherisalsoanurse.OurparentsarefromtheUSAbutweliveinBrightonnow.Mymotherisapainter(画家)andmyfatherisadoctor.IlikeapenfriendfromChinaorJapan.Pleasewriteto:63LilyRoad,LondonSWL,England.根据短文内容完成下表：PERSONALINFORMATION(个人档案)Name:MaryConnorSex:GirlAge:20Occupation(职业):NurseNationality(国籍):(1)Employer(雇主):(2)Family:Father,mother,brotherAddress:(3)Hobbies:(4)Possiblepenfriends:(5)五DearMike,Wegotyourletteryesterday.Yes,wecanvisityouatChristmas.Wethoughttospend(度)Christmasathome,butnowwearegoingtobewithyou.Jackwillnotbeinschoolthen.TheweatherinChicagoiscold,butisdoesn’tmatter.Sometimeswelikethesnow.Wegotourplanetickets.Wewillgettoyourcityonthe18th.Wewillstaywithyoufortwoweeks.Isthatallrightwithyou?We’lltakeourfavouriterecipes(食谱),sowecanhaveaniceChristmasdinner.Seeyousoon.LoveMomandDad根据短文内容用适当的单词完成下面句子：1.ThisletterisfromMike’s.2.InChicago,itisnow.3.Mikehasabrothercalled.Heisinschoolnow.4.Mike’sparentswillgotohiscityby.5.Hisparentswillcomebackon31st.6.MikeandhisparentswillanicedinneronChristmasDay.六MynameisPeterJones.Iamatwenty-four-year-oldstudentfromAustralia.IstudySpanishatLondonUniversity(大学).Myinterestsaretravelingandplayingtennis.Idon’tlikereadingorfootball.根据上面的内容完成下面的表格：FINDAFRIENDCLUBFirstName:PeterSurname(姓):(1)Age:24Nationality(国籍)(2)Job:(3)ForeignLanguage:(4)\nHobbies:(5)七Mr.Masonisstandinginfrontofacar.Heislookingatit.Itisabeautifulcaranditisverybig.Mr.Masonlikesbigcars.ApolicemanisstandingbehindMr.Mason.Heislookingatthecar,too.Heiswritinginanotebook(笔记本).NowheisgivingapieceofpapertoMr.Mason.Policeman:Excuseme,sir.Mr.Mason:Yes?Policeman:Thisisforyou.Mr.Mason:Whatisit?Policeman:It’saticket.Mr.Mason:Aticket?Policeman:Canyouseethenotice(布告)?Mr.Mason:Yes.Policeman:Itsays“NOPARKING”.Youcan’tparkyourcarhere.Mr.Mason:Thisisn’tmycar.根据上面的内容完成下面的句子：1.ThepolicemanisstandingMr.Mason.2.ThispolicemangivesMr.Masona.3.Mr.Masonsaysthatcarisn’t.4.“NoParking”meansyoucan’tyourcarhere.5.Thecarisonthe.八OnedayJackcomestoMike’shouseandsays,“Mike,youhavesomanygodbooks.Canyougivemeabooktoread?”Mikedoesn’twanttolendabooktoisfriend,andhesays,“Whydoyouwanttotakemybookhome?Youcanreadithereinmyhouse.”Jackseesthathisfriendisveryselfish,buthesaysnothing.Nextday,MikecomestoJack’shouseandsays,“Jack,youhaveagoodgarden-knife.Iwanttoworkinmygardentomorrow.CanIuseitfortwodays?”Jackanswers,“Whydoyouwanttotakemygarden-knifehome?Youcanworkwithitinmygarden.”根据上面的短文完成下面的短文，每空一词：Oneday,inMike’shome,Jackwantstoborrowabookfromhim,butMikedoesn’t(1).JackthinksMikevery(2),andwantstolookforachance(机会)toretaliate(报复)him.Justthenextday,MikecomestoJack’sgardentoborrowhis(3).Jack,ofcourse,(4).ToJack,itiscalled“Aneyeforaneye,atoothforatooth”.Now,doyouknowthemeaningofthesentence“Aneyeforaneye,atoothforatooth”?What’stheChineseforit?It’s(5)九OnhemorningofAugust2nd,Iwascarelessandlostmyschoolbaginthereading-roomofourschool.TherewerethreeEnglishbooksandapencil-caseinside.Willthefinderpleasesenditeithertotheassistantortomyself?Manythankstothefinder.MybedroomisinRoom403,onthefourthfloorofourschool.\nWeiHuaInformationCardLost(寻物启示)1.When2.Where3.What4.Thethingsinside5.Theloser’saddress6.theloser’sname十请认真阅读下面的信，然后根据信息卡内的要求填入相关信息：BeijingUniversityLibraryToSusanChan,Justtoremind(提醒)you.Youhavefouroverdue(逾期未还的)books.TitleWriterRoseMeetsMr.WintergartenBobGrahamdue22/1MyFriendWhaleSimonJamesdue23/1EdwardtheEmuSheenaKnowlesdue24/1ImagineAlisonLesterdue25/1Pleasereturnthesetomorrow.Otherpeoplemaybewaitingtoborrowthem.Mrs.JosieJonesLibrarianDate3/2/2003Note:Youmaynotborrowanynewbooksuntilthesebookshavebeenreturned.InformationCardfortheletter1.From2.To3.Purpose(目的)towritetheletter4.Amount(数量)oftheoverduebooks5.DuetimetoreturnImagine十一YangzhouChinaTRAVELCOMPANYBeijingistheplacetobe\nBestofBeijing5DaysFrom￥7992nightsBeijingHotel&2nightsChangchengHotelBookonlineorcall0514-7654321www.yangzhoutour.comBeijingHotel:ClosetoTian’anmensquarePrize-winninggardenBars&Frenchrestaurant.SwimmingpoolChangchengHotel:GardenswithmountainviewsRestaurant&CaféNightClubBusestothedowntownDeparture(离开)DatePriceJun,8,2004￥899Jul,29,2004￥999Aug,30,2004￥799Sept,30,2004￥1299Tobook,chooseyourpreferreddateBusinessHoursWeekdays:24hoursWeekends:8:00am-6:00pmRestaurantInformationCardforaTriptoBeijing1.Thelowestfare(费用)2.Departureplace3.Amountofdays4.Businesshours5.Namesofthehotels6.Telephone&E-mail参考答案答案(1)：1.Singapore2.Arabic3.Moscow/Russia4.SingaporeCity5.English答案(2)：1.￡2002.Aredshirt3.Fourphotosandschoolletter4.580-44365.Mrs.Belcher答案(3)：1.fourth/4th2.pets/pet3.bedrooms4.good5.220答案(4)：1.USA/America2.RosewoodHospital3.63LilyRoad,LondonSWL,England4.Tennisandcomputergames5.ChineseorJapanese答案(5)：1.parents2.winter3.Jack4.air5.December6.\nenjoy/have答案(6)：1.Jones2.Australian3.student4.Spanish5.travelingandtennis/travelingandplayingtennis答案(7)：1.behind2.ticket3.his4.park5.street答案(8)：1.agree2.selfish3.garden-knife4.refuses5.以眼还眼，以牙还牙。(经其人之道，还治其人之身。)答案(9)：1.onthemorningofAugust2nd2.InWeiHua’sschool.3.Schoolbag4.ThreeEnglishbooksandapencil-case.5.Room403,onthefourthfloorofthedormitory.6.WeiHua.答案(10)：1.Mrs.JosieJones2.Susan3.RemindSusantoreturnbooks4.Four5.January25th答案(11)：1.￥7992.Yangzhou3.Fivedays4.weekdays:24hours,weekends:8:00am-6:00pm5.BeijingHotel&ChangchengHotel6.0514-7654321www.yangzhoutour.com厦门市2003-2004学年度初一上学期末统一质量检查英语试题参考答案1-5CBCAA6-10CDAFB11-15CDBEH16-20EADCB21red22.$1523.black24.$2825.white26.Bill27.Jane28.Voilet29.Ben30.Diana31-35BCCDA36-40DCBDD41-45AABDB46.sports47.do48.At49.homework50.in51.play/do52.play53.with54.meet55.enjoy56.twins57.different58.maths59.tennis60.basket-ball61.hamburger62.ice-cream63.chickens64.Frenchfries65.\naction66.It’sunderthetable.67.Hegoestoschoolat7:30.68.Ilikehamburgers.69.Sheiswriting.70.Shewantstobuysomeclothes.(允许多种答案，句中的每个非关键性错误扣一半分数，类似情况均依此处理)71.Alice72.Bonnie73.Carl74.Donna75.Andy76.Anastasia77.interesting78.comedy79.fun80.Cinderella81.romance82-87DDCCAB88.TherearesixpeopleinSarah’sfamily.89.Colintakesashowerat5:0090.Philiplikesplayingtheviolin.Onepossibleversion:ManyofmyclassmateslikewatchingTV,listeningtopopmusicorplayingsports,butIlikereadingonly.IlikedreadingstorybooksandpicturebookswhenIwasveryyoung.Iliketoreadfamousworks,suchas“RedandBlack”,Hamlet,GoneWiththeWindandsoon.IthinkIcanlearnalotfromreading.Icanknowwhat’sgoodandwhat’sbad.WhenIread,Ioftenmakenotesofthem.Ilikethesentence“Tomorrowisanotherday”Best.Ilikereadingnow,andI’msureI’lllikeitallmylife.\n评分参考：原则上分三个档次评分：第一档：7-9分能够清楚、完整地描述自己的某个兴趣爱好或特长，使用的词语、句式丰富且恰当，文章的衔接过渡自然流畅；第二档：4-6分能基本勾勒出自己的某个兴趣爱好或特长，使用的词语、句式简洁明了，存在一些语言用法上的错误，但对整篇短文主要意思的表达没有太大的影响；第三档：1-3分文章内容比较空洞、缺乏个性；或者语言用法错误太多，造成篇章结构散乱。注意：评分时应更多地重视学生思维的创意和内容的充实达意，当语言用法错误对整篇短文不造成绝对影响时，至少给5分以上。听力测试录音稿Group1(听音，选择正确图示，将其字母代号填入相应的题号中。)W:Dad,thisismyfriend,Gina.M:Nicetomeetyou,Gina.Group2W:WhereisAdam,doyouknow?M:He’satschool.Group3W:Charles,doyouliketennis?\nM:No,Ilikebasketball.Group4W:Whatdoyouhaveforbreakfast?M:Ihaveahamburger,acarrotandanapple.Group5W:Canyoutellmeyourtelephonenumber?M:It’s4836520.W:What,4836502.M:No,4836520.W:Oh,thankyou.Group6(听短文，为下面几个人选择正确的出生日期。)Therearesixpeopleinourfamily.Mymother’sbirthdayisMay21st.MyfatherwasalsoborninMay,butthedateis18th.MybirthdayisSeptember25th.Canyouguessmygrandparents’birthday?MyGrandmother’sbirthdayisAugust15thandmygrandfatherwasbornonMarch3rd.Thatismyaunt.Doyouknowwhenmyauntwasborn?Youcanlookattheanswerbyyourself.Group7(听对话，挑选恰当的食物，并用其字母代号填表。)Rose:Hello,Sam.Sam:Hello,Rose.Youlookbeautiful.Doyouofteneatfruits?\nRose:Yes,Ioftenhaveanappleformybreakfast.Whataboutyou?Sam:Idon’tlikeapples.Ilikeeggsandbananasformybreakfast.Rose:Doyoulikehamburgersandchickenforyourlunch?Sam:Yes,Er…andsomevegetables,too.Rose:Oh,youhaveabiglunch.Sam:You’reright.Er…doyoulikeeggsfordinner?Rose:No,Idon’t.IlikebroccoliandFrenchfries.Sam:Ilikebroccoli,too.Fordinner,Ioftenhavesomebroccoliandsalad.Group8(听对话，挑选恰当的人物表情，并用其字母代号填表。)A:Hi,Jennifer.Let’sgotoseethemovie,ShootinginMay.B:No,Idon’twanttoseeit.Infact,it’sboring.IwanttoseeListenintheDark.It’sanewmovie.A:Butit’sathriller.It’sscary.HowaboutTheRedShirts?B:Oh,no.It’ssosad.Er…DoyouwanttoseeCrazyAboutyou?It’saromance.A:Well,Ihaveanothergoodidea.WecangotoseeMr.Bear.It’sacomedy.Iamsurewe’llallenjoyit.B:Thatsoundsgreat.Group9(听短文，根据内容填写衣物的颜色或价格。)Lookattheseclothes.Thesweateris35dollars.It’sred.The\nT-shirtis15dollars.It’sblue.Theblackpantsare20dollars.Doyoulikethegreendress?It’s28dollars.Thesocksaresocheap.Thewhitesocksarejust2dollars.Pleaseletmeknowwhichoneyoulike.Youcantryitonbeforeyoudecidetobuyit.Group10(听短文，根据内容填入恰当的人名。)It’shalfpastfournow.Andit’stimeforschoolactivities.Therearemanystudentshere.Theyareallmyclassmates.BillcanswimwellandBencanplaytheguitar.Look,that’sViolet.Shelikespainting,andshecanpaintwell.ThatgirlisJane.Sheisplayingthepiano,andshecanplayitverywell.Diana’sfavouritesportisbasketball.Idon’tthinkshecanplayfootball.北京市中考英语主要题型包括：一·听力理解：听对话选择与其对应的图画（此题难度不大，对话简单易懂）；听对话或独白选择最佳答案（难度加强，考察学生的听力，理解力，能快速抓住主旨）；听独白写出关键信息（此题难度较大，考察学生的听，写综合能力）。二·语言知识运用：单项选择（考察学生的基础知识是否掌握扎实，考点多而细，包括单词，短语固定搭配，句法构成，时态，语态等）；完形填空（考察学生对基础知识的综合运用能力，而不是简单的知识点累加，还需要学生有较宽的知识面，难度较大易失分）。\n三·阅读理解：短文阅读（通常包括三道四篇，由易到难，考察阅读速度和理解能力，二者不可或缺，此外，此题型文章较长，内容涉及面广，需要有丰富的知识，敏锐的思维，分值高难度大，大多数学生的难点）；阅读短文还原句子或选词填空（考察对文章的深度阅读和理解能力，排除干扰项）；阅读与表达（通过阅读文章回答问题，考察快速阅读能力，通常设置五道问题，需要学生运用自己的语言总结归纳，简单回答）。四·书面表达：完成句子（根据汉语意思将英语中缺少的部分补充完整，通常是固定短语或语言点，考察学生对基础知识的综合运用）；文段表达（作文类型多样，包括信件，叙事性作文等，内容贴近生活，与时事紧密结合，需要学生热爱生活，关心时事，此题考察学生的全面综合知识及运用能力）。通过对北京市近几年中考英语试题的分析，总结得出一些每年考试必考的知识点。如下：1.人称代词的主格宾格及其物主代词，如：I,you,me,your,etc.eg:TomandMikearegoodfriends.___oftenhelpeachother.(2010年试题)A.TheyB.ThemC.TheirD.Theirs2.连词，如：and,or,but,so,etc.eg:It’sanicehouse___ithasn’tagarden.(2008年试题)A.andB.orC.butD.so3.介词，如：at,for,on,in,of,to,etc.\neg:Einstein,thefamousscientist,wasborn___March,1892.(2009年试题)A.atB.onC.inD.to4.疑问代词，如：how,when,what,where,who,etc.eg:–___wonthe100thgoldattheOlympicsforChina?–ZhangYining,she’sfromBeijing.(2009年试题)A.WhoB.WhatC.WhenD.Where5.情态动词，如：can,may,must,need,etc.eg:–___youturndownyourradio,please?–Yes,Ican.(2010年试题)A.MayB.NeedC.MustD.Can6.形容词，副词的比较级及最高级的用法eg:–Whichcolourdoyoulike___,buleorgreen?–Blue.(2010年试题)A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest7.正在进行时，如：be+V-ingeg:Mr.Green___tothemanagernow.You’dbettercallhimlater.(2009年试题)A.talkB.talkedC.istalkingD.wastalking8.一般过去时，当两个或多个动词并列时注意保持动词时态一致eg:WewereinQingdaoandlastweek___greatfunthere.(2008年试题)A.willhaveB.havehadC.hadD.have9.现在完成时，如：have/has+done\neg:She______asananimaltrainersince2003.A.hasworkedB.worksC.willworkD.worked10.动词一般过去时的被动语态，如：was/were+doneeg:Theroad___lastyear.(2010年试题)A.buildsB.builtC.wasbuiltD.isbuilt11.复杂一般疑问句，宾语多为who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。eg:–Canyoutellme___?–Sheisinthecomputerlab.(2009年试题)A.whereLindawasB.whereisLindaC.wherewasLindaD.whereLindais12.固定句型，如：When（当…的时候），if（如果），assoonas（一…就），until（直到…才），unless（除非/如果…不）这几个词引导的时间或条件状语从句时，从句用一般现在时，主句要用一般将来时。　eg:Tomwillcallmeassoonashe___home.(2010年试题)A.getsB.hasgotC.gotD.willget　13.固定句型，如：It’s/was/hasbeen+sometime+since+一般过去时或过去的时间   自从…以来有多久了eg:She______asananimaltrainersince2003.(2009年试题)A.hasworkedB.worksC.willworkD.worked14.常考动词不定式短语及动名词短语，如：ask/tell/invitesb.(not)todosth.要求/告诉/邀请某人（不）做某事;finishdoingsth.  做完某事eg:Grannyoftentellsus___waterinourdailylife.(2010年试题)\nA.saveB.savingC.tosaveD.saves以上考点均连续出现多次，为每年考试必考题型。15.现将其他常用重点句型总结如下：bebusydoingsth.hadbetter(not)dosthisoneofthe+最高级+n(pl.)…Itis+adj.forsb.todosth.Ittakessbsometime.todosth.It’stimefor…/todosth.It’sbad/goodfor…One…theother…/Some…others…Thereissth.wrongwith…too…toWhatabout/Howabout…?What’sthematterwith…?/What’swrongwith…?Whynot…?/Whydon’tyou…?Will(would,could)youplease…?初中英语八种时态归纳总结时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，初中学生在实际运用时，往往对时态总是倍感棘手，下面我们就归纳一下这几种时态。一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。\n时间状语：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays,etc.基本结构：①主语+be动词+其他；②主语+行为动词+其他否定形式：①主语+am/is/are+not+其他；②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't，主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时还原行为动词。二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.基本结构：①主语+be动词+其他；②主语+行为动词+其他否定形式：①主语+was/were+not+其他；②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：now,atthistime,thesedays,etc.基本结构：主语+am/is/are+doing+其他.否定形式：主语+am/is/are+not+doing+其他.\n一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：主语+was/were+doing+其他.否定形式：主语+was/were+not+doing+其他.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。五、现在完成时：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语：recently,lately,since…for…,inthepastfewyears,etc.基本结构：主语+have/has+done+其他.否定形式：主语+have/has+not+done+其他.一般疑问句：have或has放于句首。六、过去完成时：概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。时间状语：before,bytheendoflastyear(term,month…),etc.基本结构：主语+had+done+其他.否定形式：主语+had+not+done+其他.一般疑问句：had放于句首。七、一般将来时：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。\n时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,by…,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.基本结构：①主语+am/is/are/goingto+do+其他；②主语+will/shall+do+其他.否定形式：①主语+am/ia/are+not+goingto+do+其他；②主语+will/shall+not+do+其他.一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。八、过去将来时：概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。时间状语：thenextday(morning,year…),thefollowingmonth(week…),etc.基本结构：①主语+was/were/goingto+do+其他；②主语+would/should+do+其他.否定形式：①主语+was/were+not+goingto+do+其他；②主语+would/should+not+do+其他.一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②would/should提到句首。几种常见时态的相互转换英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常見的转换形式：一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用別的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间+ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于“Itis+一段时间+since+一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思，主句一般用itis来代替Ithasbeen;④瞬间动词用于“Sometimehaspassedsince+\n一般过去时”的句型中。请看：A.HejoinedtheLeaguetwoyearsago.B.HehasbeenintheLeaguefortwoyears.C.ItistwoyearssincehejoinedtheLeague.D.TwoyearshaspassedsincehejoinedtheLeague.二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如atwork（在工作）,atschool（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看：Peterisatwork,butMikeisatplay.Peterisworking,butMikeisplaying.三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换在现在进行时态中go,come,leave,start,arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语連用表示将要发生的动作。如：Iamcoming,Mum!意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看：Thetrainisleavingsoon.Thetrainwillleavesoon.四、“begoingto+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换“begoingto+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall。在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。请看：WearegoingtovisittheGreatWallnextSunday.WeshallvisittheGreatWallnextSunday.\n蒃葿薆肂芆莅薅膄蒁蚃薅袄芄蕿蚄羆葿蒅蚃肈节莁蚂芀肅螀蚁羀莁蚆蚀肂膃薂虿膅荿蒈虿袄膂莄蚈羇莇蚃螇聿膀蕿螆膁莅蒅螅袁膈蒁螄肃蒄莇螃膆芆蚅螃袅蒂薁螂羈芅蒇螁肀蒀莃袀膂芃蚂衿袂肆薈袈羄芁薄袈膆肄蒀袇袆莀莆袆羈膂蚄袅肁莈薀袄膃膁蒆羃袃莆莂羂羅腿蚁羂肇莅蚇羁芀芇薃羀罿蒃葿薆肂芆莅薅膄蒁蚃薅袄芄蕿蚄羆葿蒅蚃肈节莁蚂芀肅螀蚁羀莁蚆蚀肂膃薂虿膅荿蒈虿袄膂莄蚈羇莇蚃螇聿膀蕿螆膁莅蒅螅袁膈蒁螄肃蒄莇螃膆芆蚅螃袅蒂薁螂羈芅蒇螁肀蒀莃袀膂芃蚂衿袂肆薈袈羄芁薄袈膆肄蒀袇袆莀莆袆羈膂蚄袅肁莈薀袄膃膁蒆羃袃莆莂羂羅腿蚁羂肇莅蚇羁芀芇薃羀罿蒃葿薆肂芆莅薅膄蒁蚃薅袄芄蕿蚄羆葿蒅蚃肈节莁蚂芀肅螀蚁羀莁蚆蚀肂膃薂虿膅荿蒈虿袄膂莄蚈羇莇蚃螇聿膀蕿螆膁莅蒅螅袁膈蒁螄肃蒄莇螃膆芆蚅螃袅蒂薁螂羈芅蒇螁肀蒀莃袀膂芃蚂衿袂肆薈袈羄芁薄袈膆肄蒀袇袆莀莆袆羈膂蚄袅肁莈薀袄膃膁蒆羃袃莆莂羂羅腿蚁羂肇莅蚇羁芀芇薃羀罿蒃葿薆肂芆莅薅膄蒁蚃薅袄芄蕿蚄羆葿蒅蚃肈节莁蚂芀肅螀蚁羀莁蚆蚀肂膃薂虿膅荿蒈虿袄膂莄蚈羇莇蚃螇聿膀蕿螆膁莅蒅螅袁膈蒁螄肃蒄莇螃膆芆蚅螃袅蒂薁螂羈芅蒇螁肀蒀莃袀膂芃蚂衿袂肆薈袈羄芁薄袈膆肄蒀袇袆莀莆袆羈膂蚄袅肁莈薀袄膃膁蒆羃袃莆莂羂羅腿蚁羂肇莅蚇羁芀芇薃羀罿蒃葿薆肂芆莅薅膄蒁蚃薅袄芄蕿蚄羆葿蒅蚃肈节莁蚂芀肅螀蚁羀莁蚆蚀肂膃薂虿膅荿蒈虿袄膂莄蚈羇莇蚃螇聿膀蕿螆膁莅蒅螅袁膈蒁螄肃蒄莇螃膆芆蚅螃袅蒂薁螂羈芅蒇螁肀蒀莃袀膂芃蚂衿袂肆薈袈羄芁薄袈膆肄蒀袇袆莀莆袆羈膂蚄袅肁莈薀袄膃膁蒆羃袃莆莂羂羅腿蚁羂肇莅蚇羁芀芇薃羀罿蒃葿薆肂芆莅薅膄蒁蚃薅袄芄蕿蚄羆葿蒅蚃肈节莁蚂芀肅螀蚁羀莁蚆蚀肂膃薂虿膅荿蒈虿袄膂莄蚈羇莇蚃螇聿膀蕿螆膁莅蒅螅袁膈蒁螄肃蒄莇螃膆芆蚅螃袅蒂薁螂羈芅蒇螁肀蒀莃袀膂芃蚂衿袂肆薈袈羄芁薄袈膆肄蒀袇袆莀莆袆羈膂蚄袅肁莈薀袄膃膁蒆羃袃莆莂羂羅腿蚁羂肇莅蚇羁芀芇薃羀罿蒃葿薆肂芆莅薅膄蒁蚃薅袄芄蕿蚄羆葿蒅蚃肈节莁蚂芀肅螀蚁羀莁蚆蚀肂膃薂虿膅荿蒈虿袄膂莄蚈羇莇蚃螇聿膀蕿螆膁莅蒅螅袁膈蒁螄肃蒄莇螃膆芆蚅螃袅蒂薁螂羈芅蒇螁肀蒀莃袀膂芃蚂衿袂肆薈袈羄芁薄袈膆肄蒀袇袆莀莆袆羈膂蚄袅肁莈薀袄膃膁蒆羃袃莆莂羂羅腿蚁羂肇莅蚇羁芀芇薃羀罿蒃葿薆肂芆莅薅膄蒁蚃薅袄芄蕿蚄羆葿蒅蚃肈节莁蚂芀肅螀蚁羀莁蚆蚀肂膃薂虿膅荿蒈虿袄膂莄蚈羇莇蚃螇聿膀蕿螆膁莅蒅螅袁膈蒁螄肃蒄莇螃膆芆蚅螃袅蒂薁螂羈芅蒇螁肀蒀莃袀膂芃蚂衿袂肆薈袈羄芁薄袈膆肄蒀袇袆莀莆袆羈膂蚄袅肁莈薀袄膃膁蒆羃袃莆莂羂羅腿蚁羂肇莅蚇羁芀芇薃羀罿蒃葿薆肂芆莅薅膄蒁蚃薅袄芄蕿蚄羆葿蒅蚃肈节莁蚂芀肅螀蚁羀莁蚆蚀肂膃薂虿膅荿蒈虿袄膂莄蚈羇莇蚃螇聿膀蕿螆膁莅蒅螅袁膈蒁螄肃蒄莇螃膆芆蚅螃袅蒂薁螂羈芅蒇螁肀蒀莃袀膂芃蚂衿袂肆薈袈羄芁薄袈膆肄蒀袇袆莀莆袆羈膂蚄袅肁莈薀袄膃膁蒆羃袃莆莂羂羅腿蚁羂肇莅蚇羁芀芇薃羀罿蒃葿薆肂芆莅薅膄蒁蚃薅袄芄蕿蚄羆葿蒅蚃肈节莁蚂芀肅螀蚁羀莁蚆蚀肂膃薂虿膅荿蒈虿袄膂莄蚈羇莇蚃螇聿膀蕿螆膁莅蒅螅袁膈蒁螄肃蒄莇螃膆芆蚅螃袅蒂薁螂羈芅蒇螁肀蒀莃袀膂芃蚂衿袂肆薈袈羄芁薄袈膆肄蒀袇袆莀莆袆羈膂蚄袅肁莈薀袄膃膁蒆羃袃莆莂羂羅腿蚁羂肇莅蚇羁芀芇薃羀罿蒃葿薆肂芆莅薅膄蒁蚃薅袄芄蕿蚄羆葿蒅蚃肈节莁蚂芀肅螀蚁羀莁蚆蚀肂膃薂虿膅荿蒈虿袄膂莄蚈羇莇蚃螇聿膀蕿螆膁莅蒅螅袁膈蒁螄肃蒄莇螃膆芆蚅螃袅蒂薁螂羈芅蒇螁肀蒀莃袀膂芃蚂衿袂肆薈袈羄芁薄袈膆肄蒀袇袆莀莆袆羈膂蚄袅肁莈薀袄膃膁蒆羃袃莆莂羂羅腿蚁羂肇莅蚇羁芀芇薃羀罿蒃葿薆肂芆莅薅膄蒁蚃薅袄芄蕿蚄羆葿蒅蚃肈节莁蚂芀肅螀蚁羀莁蚆蚀肂膃薂虿膅荿蒈虿袄膂莄蚈羇莇蚃螇聿膀蕿螆膁莅蒅螅袁膈蒁螄肃蒄莇螃膆芆蚅螃袅蒂薁螂羈芅蒇螁肀蒀莃袀膂芃蚂衿袂肆薈袈羄芁薄袈膆肄蒀袇袆莀莆袆羈膂蚄袅肁莈薀袄膃膁蒆羃袃莆莂羂羅腿蚁羂肇莅蚇羁芀芇薃羀罿蒃葿薆肂芆莅薅膄蒁蚃薅袄芄蕿蚄羆葿蒅蚃肈节莁蚂芀肅螀蚁羀莁蚆蚀肂膃薂虿膅荿蒈虿袄膂莄蚈羇莇蚃螇聿膀蕿螆膁莅蒅螅袁膈蒁螄肃蒄莇螃膆芆蚅螃袅蒂薁螂羈芅蒇螁肀蒀莃袀膂芃蚂衿袂肆薈袈羄芁薄袈膆肄蒀袇袆莀莆袆羈膂蚄袅肁莈薀袄膃膁蒆羃袃莆莂羂羅腿蚁羂肇莅蚇羁芀芇薃羀罿蒃葿薆肂芆莅薅膄蒁蚃薅袄芄蕿蚄羆葿蒅蚃肈节莁蚂芀肅螀蚁羀莁蚆蚀肂膃薂虿膅荿蒈虿袄膂莄蚈羇莇蚃螇聿膀蕿螆膁莅蒅螅袁膈蒁螄肃蒄莇螃膆芆蚅螃袅蒂薁螂羈芅蒇螁肀蒀莃袀膂芃蚂衿袂肆薈袈羄芁薄袈膆肄蒀袇袆莀莆袆羈膂蚄袅肁莈薀袄膃膁蒆羃袃莆莂羂羅腿蚁羂肇莅蚇羁芀芇薃羀罿蒃葿薆肂芆莅薅膄蒁蚃薅袄芄蕿蚄羆葿蒅蚃肈节莁蚂芀肅螀蚁羀莁蚆蚀肂膃薂虿膅荿蒈虿袄膂莄蚈羇莇蚃螇聿膀蕿螆膁莅蒅螅袁膈蒁螄肃蒄莇螃膆芆蚅螃袅蒂薁螂羈芅蒇螁肀蒀莃袀膂芃蚂衿袂肆薈袈羄芁薄袈膆肄蒀袇袆莀莆袆羈膂蚄袅肁莈薀袄膃膁蒆羃袃莆莂羂羅腿蚁羂肇莅蚇羁芀芇薃羀罿蒃葿薆肂芆莅薅膄蒁蚃薅袄芄蕿蚄羆葿蒅蚃肈节莁蚂芀肅螀蚁羀莁蚆蚀肂膃薂虿膅荿蒈虿袄膂莄蚈羇莇蚃螇聿膀蕿螆膁莅蒅螅袁膈蒁螄肃蒄莇螃膆芆蚅螃袅蒂薁螂羈芅蒇螁肀蒀莃袀膂芃蚂衿袂肆薈袈羄芁薄袈膆肄蒀袇袆莀莆袆羈膂蚄袅肁莈薀袄膃膁蒆羃袃莆莂羂羅腿蚁羂肇莅蚇羁芀芇薃羀罿蒃葿薆肂芆莅薅膄蒁蚃薅袄芄蕿蚄羆葿蒅蚃肈节莁蚂芀肅螀蚁羀莁蚆蚀肂膃薂虿膅荿蒈虿袄膂莄蚈羇莇蚃螇聿膀蕿螆膁莅蒅螅袁膈蒁螄肃蒄莇螃膆芆蚅螃袅蒂薁螂羈芅蒇螁肀蒀莃袀膂芃蚂衿袂肆薈袈羄芁薄袈膆肄蒀袇袆莀莆袆羈膂蚄袅肁莈薀袄膃膁蒆羃袃莆莂羂羅腿蚁羂肇莅蚇羁芀芇薃羀罿蒃葿薆肂芆莅薅膄蒁蚃薅袄芄蕿蚄羆葿蒅蚃肈节莁蚂芀肅螀蚁羀莁蚆蚀肂膃薂虿膅荿蒈虿袄膂莄蚈羇莇蚃螇聿膀蕿螆膁莅蒅螅袁膈蒁螄肃蒄莇螃膆芆蚅螃袅蒂薁螂羈芅蒇螁肀蒀莃袀膂芃蚂衿袂肆薈袈羄芁薄袈膆肄蒀袇袆莀莆袆羈膂蚄袅肁莈薀袄膃膁蒆羃袃莆莂羂羅腿蚁羂肇莅蚇羁芀芇薃羀罿蒃葿薆肂芆莅薅膄蒁蚃薅袄芄蕿蚄羆葿蒅蚃肈节莁蚂芀肅螀蚁羀莁蚆蚀肂膃薂虿膅荿蒈虿袄膂莄蚈羇莇蚃螇聿膀蕿螆膁莅蒅螅袁膈蒁螄肃蒄莇螃膆芆蚅螃袅蒂薁螂羈芅蒇螁肀蒀莃袀膂芃蚂衿袂肆薈袈羄芁薄袈膆肄蒀袇袆莀莆袆羈膂蚄袅肁莈薀袄膃膁蒆羃袃莆莂羂羅腿蚁羂肇莅蚇羁芀芇薃羀罿蒃葿薆肂芆莅薅膄蒁蚃薅袄芄蕿蚄羆葿蒅蚃肈节莁蚂芀肅螀蚁羀莁蚆蚀肂膃薂虿膅荿蒈虿袄膂莄蚈羇莇蚃螇聿膀蕿螆膁莅蒅螅袁膈蒁螄肃蒄莇螃膆芆蚅螃袅蒂薁螂羈芅蒇螁肀蒀莃袀膂芃蚂衿袂肆薈袈羄芁薄袈膆肄蒀袇袆莀莆袆羈膂蚄袅肁莈薀袄膃膁蒆羃袃莆莂羂羅腿蚁羂肇莅蚇羁芀芇薃羀罿蒃葿薆肂芆莅薅膄蒁蚃薅袄芄蕿蚄羆葿蒅蚃肈节莁蚂芀肅螀蚁羀莁蚆蚀肂膃薂虿膅荿蒈虿袄膂莄蚈羇莇蚃螇聿膀蕿螆膁莅蒅螅袁膈蒁螄肃蒄莇螃膆芆蚅螃袅蒂薁螂羈芅蒇螁肀蒀莃袀膂芃蚂衿袂肆薈袈羄芁薄袈膆肄蒀袇袆莀莆袆羈膂蚄袅肁莈薀袄膃膁蒆羃袃莆莂羂羅腿蚁羂肇莅蚇羁芀芇薃羀罿蒃葿薆肂芆莅薅膄蒁蚃薅袄芄蕿蚄羆葿蒅蚃肈节莁蚂芀肅螀蚁羀莁蚆蚀肂膃薂虿膅荿蒈虿袄膂莄蚈羇莇蚃螇聿膀蕿螆膁莅蒅螅袁膈蒁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