初中英语语法讲座材料 70页

芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄蒅袀袅芇螀螆袄荿薃蚂袃蒁莆羁袂膁薁袇羁芃莄螃羀莆薀虿羀肅莃薅罿芈薈羄羈莀蒁袀羇蒂蚆螆羆膂葿蚂羅芄蚅薇肄莇蒇袆肄肆蚃螂肃腿蒆蚈肂莁蚁蚄肁蒃薄羃肀膃莇衿聿芅薂螅肈莇莅蚁膈肇薁薇膇腿莃袅膆节蕿螁膅蒄莂螇膄膄蚇蚃膃芆蒀羂膂莈蚅袈膂蒁蒈螄芁膀蚄蚀袇芃蒇薆袆莅蚂羄袆膄英语语法（词法和句法）讲义第一讲动词的时态一、动词时态的概念：动词随着时间和人称的变化而呈现的状态叫时态。e.g.Tenyearsagoshe________(be)anurse.Nextyearshe_________(be)anurse.Nowshe______(be)anurse.She___________(be)anurseforthreeyears.Shesaidthatshe_____________(be)anurseintenyears.Shetoldmethatshe__________(be)anurseforthreeyears.She______________(watch)afootballmatchnow.She______________(watch)afootballmatchthistimeyesterday.二、动词时态的形式：(一)一般现在时：1.一般现在时的概念：(1)表示经常性习惯性的动作。e.g.Wegetupearlyeverymorning.TomcleanstheclassroomonSaturday.(2)表示目前存在的状态。e.g.Iamveryhungryandthirstynow.(3)表示目前的心理活动,包括观点和喜好等等。e.g.IlikeEnglishandmybrotherlikesitaswell.IthinkEnglishisveryimportanttous.2.一般现在时的关键词：(1)表示经常性习惯性的动作的关键词：alwaysoftenusually=generallysometimeshardlyseldom=rarelyeverySundayonMondaymorningonce(twice/threetimes…)aday(year/week…)(2)表示目前存在的状态和心理活动的关键词：now=atthemomentnowadaysthesedays(weeks/months/years…)3.一般现在时的结构：(1)肯定句：We__________(be)busynow.He______________(mustdo)hislessonsatonce.I____________(clean)thedooreverymorning.Joan____________(clean)thedooreverymorning.(2)否定句：We__________(notbe)busynow.He______________(mustnotdo)hislessonsatonce.I____________(notclean)thedooreverymorning.Joan____________(notclean)thedooreverymorning.(3)一般疑问句：________you________(be)busynow?________he___________(mustdo)hislessonsatonce?________you__________(clean)thedooreverymorning?________Joan_________(clean)thedooreverymorning?(4)回答：Yes,we__________No,we____________.Yes,he__________No,he____________.Yes,I__________No,I____________.Yes,she__________No,she________.4.一般现在时的注意要点：(1)人称的分类：第一人称第二人称第三人称单数Iyouhesheit复数weyouthey(2)主语(动作的执行者)是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。(3)动词第三人称单数形式的构成：（A）一般在动词词尾+s：stopslieslistenssnows（B）sxochsh结尾的动词+es：goesdiscussesteacheswashesmixes（C）元音字母(aeiou)+y结尾的+s：staysplayspaysenjoysdestroys（D）辅音字母(除aeiou之外的其它字母)+y结尾的，去y+ies：study---studiesfly---flieshurry---hurriesworry---worries（E）特殊情况：have---hasbe---is70\n(4)be动词的用法：I用am第三人称单数（he/she/it）用is其余用are(5)时间状语从句和条件状语从句，如果是一般将来时，要用一般现在时代替。e.g.We__________(go)tovisittheExpoifit___________(be)finetomorrow.试比较：Iwanttoknowifit__________(be)finetomorrow.I___________(return)homeatoncewhentherain________(stop)tonight.试比较：Pleasetellmewhentherain____________(stop)tonight.(6)祈使句：肯定句形式：动词原形开头；否定句：don’t+动词原形。e.g.________(sit)closetome,please!___________(notbe)angry,Jones!(7)have/has的用法：(A)have/has做“有”解释：英国式美国式肯定句：Hehasabrother.Hehasabrother.否定句：He_____________abrother.He_____________abrother.一般疑问句：______heabrother?_______he______abrother?回答：Yes,he______./No,he________Yes,he_______./No,he________.(B)have/has不做“有”解释：肯定句：Hehaslunchathome.否定句：He_______________lunchathome.一般疑问句：_______he______lunchathome?回答：Yes,he______./No,he________.(8)联系动词：(A)Toexpress“change”：get=become=grow(变得),turn(变成).e.g.Afterhearingthis,hisfaceturnedred.Whenspringcomes,itgetswarm.(B)Toexpress“state”：be(是),look(看上去),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来)feel(觉得),seem(好象),keep(保持),fall(陷于),stay(处于……状态)e.g.Healwaysstayshealthybecauseofhismorningexerciseseveryday.Sheoftenfallsasleepinthemathsclass.(9)情态动词：（A）初中阶段：cancouldmaymightmustshould=oughttoneedwillwoulddare（B）表示猜测：(a)有把握的肯定用：must(肯定/一定)Youlookthesameasthelady.Shemustbeyourmother.(b)有把握的否定用：can’t(不可能)。Shecan’tbeMary.MaryhasalreadygonetoEurope.(c)没有把握的肯定用：may(可能/也许)，might（语气更委婉）。AmomentagoIsawourEnglishteacherintheteachers’office.Hemay/mightstillbetherebutIamnotsure.（d）对过去情况的猜测：情态动词+have+p.p.Thegroundiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.Heisn’there.Hemusthavegonetothelibrary.（C）表示不允许和禁止用：can’tmustn’tYoucan’tleaveforBeijingalonebecauseyouarestillababy.(不能/不可以)Youmustn’tparkyourcarhere.It’sagainstthetrafficlaws.(不允许/禁止)（D）征询允许用：can=may，will或would，而could和would语气更加委婉和客气---Can/MayIsmokehere?---Yes,youcan/may.---Will/Wouldyoupleaseopenthedoorforme？---Yes，ofcourse.---Couldyoupleaserepeatit?---Oh,noproblem.（E）must一般疑问句的否定回答用：needn’t----MustIfinishmyhomeworktoday?---No,youneedn’t./I’mafraidyoumust.(F)表示能力用：can=beabletoIcanspeakEnglishverywell.(H)should=oughtto应该，shouldn’t=oughtn’tto不应该(I)need的用法：（a）做行为动词(b)做情态动词肯定句：Heneedstofinishittoday.Heneedfinishittoday(不常用).否定句：He_____________tofinishittoday.He___________finishittoday.一般疑问句：_______he_______tofinishittoday?______hefinishittoday?回答：Yes,he______./No,he________Yes,he_______./No,he________.70\n注意：needdoing=needtobedone需要被做TheTVneedsmendingagain.=TheTVneedstobemendedagain.(10)特殊疑问句结构：(A)特殊疑问词或词组不做主语时：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句When______you_____(get)upeverymorning?Howoften_____yourmother______(cook)dinnerathome?Whichsubject_______Mike________(like)best?(B)特殊疑问词或词组做主语时：特殊疑问词或词组+动词的适当形式Whousually___________(come)toworktheearliestinyourcompany?What’sthematterwithyou,dear?(二)一般过去时：1.一般过去时的概念：表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示过去经常性习惯性的动作。e.g.Wewenttothecinemalateyesterdayevening.TomwashedhisclotheslastSaturdayafternoon.2.一般过去时的关键词：yesterdaythedaybeforeyesterdayyesterdaymorning(afternoon/evening)in2009lastnight(week/month/year/term…)aweek(year/threehours…)agoonce(曾经)justnow=amomentago3.一般过去时的结构：(1)肯定句：They__________(be)busylastnight.She______________(cansing)thissonglastyear.I____________(wash)thedooryesterdaymorning.(2)否定句：They__________(notbe)busylastnight.She______________(cannotsing)thissonglastyear.I____________(notwash)thedooryesterdaymorning.(3)一般疑问句：________they________(be)busylastnight?________she___________(cansing)thissonglastyear?________you__________(wash)thedooryesterdaymorning?(4)回答：Yes,they__________.No,they____________.Yes,she__________.No,she____________.Yes,I__________.No,I____________.4.一般过去时的注意要点：(1)动词过去式的构成：（A）一般在动词词尾+ed：waitedmixedopenedworkedlistenedsnowed（B）不发音的e结尾的动词+d：storeddancedlikedusedunitedinvited（C）元音字母(aeiou)+y结尾的+ed：stayedplayedenjoyeddestroyed（D）辅音字母(除aeiou之外的其它字母)+y结尾的，去y+ied：study---studiedhurry---hurriedworry---worried（E）重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，且该辅音字母只发一个辅音，则双写尾字母，+ed：stoppedmoppedfitteddroppedregretted（F）特殊情况：参阅不规则动词表：(略)(G)重读闭音节概念：（a）48个音素由20个元音和28个辅音构成，列表如下：长元音：[][][][][]单元音：元音：短元音：[][][][][][][]双元音：[][][][][][][][]清辅音：[][][][][][][][][][]辅音：浊辅音：[][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][]（b）音节：一个元音或一个元音与一个或几个辅音所构成的发音单位叫一个音节。a[]air[e]eye[]are[]an[n]and[nd]stand[stnd]army[:m]handed[hndd]destroyed[dstrd]our[u]doctor[dkt]wonderful[wndful]magnificent[mgnfsnt]congratulation[kngrtjulein]成音节：辅音+[m][n][l]，如果后面没有元音，也构成一个发音单位，叫成音节。70\npencil[pensl]table[teibl]lesson[lesn]impossible[mpsbl]people[pi：]please[pli：]slowly[slul]black[blk]snow[snu]（c）重读音节：单词中被重读的音节叫重读音节。open[pn]regret[regret]Chinese[]family[]fourteen[]（d）闭音节：一个音节里面,中间只有一个元音字母,而后面是辅音字母结尾的音节叫闭音节。fill[fl]expect[]finish[]hot[]fit[]mix[]forget[]（e）开音节：一个音节里面,元音字母结尾的叫绝对开音节,元音字母+辅音字母（r除外）+e结尾的音节叫相对开音节。she[]he[]we[]hi[]hello[]lake[]name[]hike[]use[]family[]Chinese[]（f）非开非闭音节：R音节（uroroorirarer…）、成音节和字母组合（eeeaearowereear…）叫非开非闭音节。snow[]rain[]handle[]open[]bread[]aim[](2)时间状语从句和条件状语从句，如果是过去将来时，要用一般过去时代替。e.g.Hesaidhe__________(go)tovisittheExpoifit___________(be)finetomorrow.试比较：Hewantedtoknowifit__________(be)finetomorrow.Shetoldmeshe__________(return)homeatoncewhentherain_______(stop)tonight.试比较：Didhetellyouwhentherain____________(stop)tonight?(三)现在进行时：1.现在进行时的概念：表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,还可表示当前一段时间里的活动。Tomisplayingvideogamesnow.TheworkersarebuildingthegreatbridgeovertheHuangpuRiverthesemonths.2.现在进行时的关键词：now=atthemomentnowadayslooklistenLookout!=Becareful!=Watchout!thesedays(weeks/months/years…)3.现在进行时的结构：(1)肯定句：They__________(wait)forthebustherenow.(2)否定句：They__________(notwait)forthebustherenow.(3)一般疑问句：________they__________(wait)forthebustherenow?(4)回答：Yes,they__________No,they____________.4.现在进行时的注意要点：(1)现在进行时的谓语动词结构：am/is/are+现在分词(2)动词现在分词的构成：（A）一般在动词词尾+ing：doingcleaningwaitingsnowingstandingopening（B）不发音的e结尾的动词，去e+ing：write---writingdance---dancingprepare---preparing（C）重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，且该辅音字母只发一个辅音，则双写尾字母，+ing：stoppingmoppingfittingdroppingforgettinghittingregrettingbeginning（D）特殊情况：lie---lyingdie---dying(3)comegoleavedie等少数动词现在进行时还可以表示一般将来Look!Thebusiscominghere.=Here________(come)thebus.(正在来)Waitamoment,please!Thebusiscomingverysoon.(将要来)(4)动词现在分词(动名词)的其他作用：（A）用于某些常用词组中：（a）enjoydoing（b）finishdoing（c）see/hear/feel/watch/notice/findsb.doing（d）stopdoing()stoptodo()（e）goondoing=goonwithsth.=continuedoing()goontodo()（f）keep(on)doing(g)trydoing()trytodo()(h)rememberdoing()remembertodo()(i)goswimming/shopping/travelling/fishing/camping/boating…(j)do(some)shopping/cleaning/cooking/speaking/washing/reading/writing…(l)Wouldyouminddoing…?=Please…!(m)Wouldyoumindmydoing…?=ShallI…?（B）用做定语,放在被修饰词的后面,表示：正在……的…..Theman［sittingbehindyou］isathief.70\n（C）用做形容词,表示：令人……的excitingamazing=surprisingworryingfrighteningamusingmovinginterestingfreezing…(四)过去进行时：1.过去进行时的概念：表示在过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作,还可表示过去某一段时间里的活动。Tomwascopyinghisclassmate,Tom’shomeworkthistimeyesterday..TheworkerswerebuildingthegreatbridgeovertheHuangpuRiverthoseyears.2.过去进行时的关键词：ateightthismorning/from6:00to8:00thismorning/thistimeyesterdayatthattime=then3.过去进行时的结构：(1)肯定句：They__________(read)Englishthistimeyesterday.(2)否定句：They__________(notread)Englishthistimeyesterday.(3)一般疑问句：________they__________(read)Englishthistimeyesterday?(4)回答：Yes,they__________No,they____________.4.过去进行时的注意要点：(1)过去进行时的谓语动词结构：was/were+现在分词(2)comegoleavedie等少数动词过去进行时还可以表示过去将来Shesaidshe___________(leave)forXi’annextSunday.(将要前往)(五)一般将来时：1.一般将来时的概念：(1)表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g.Wewillgetupearlytomorrowmorning.TomwillbefreenextSaturday.2.一般将来时的关键词：tomorrowthedayaftertomorrowsoon=beforelongnever(永不)nextSunday(week/June/year/term/season…)atonce=inaminute=rightnow=rightawayin20123.一般将来时的结构：(1)肯定句：I__________(write)alettertoyounextweek.(2)否定句：I__________(notwrite)alettertoyounextweek.(3)一般疑问句：________you__________(write)alettertomenextweek?(4)回答：Yes,I__________No,I____________.4.一般将来时的注意要点：(1)第一人称(I/we)可以用shall，也可以用will或am/aregoingto+do：(2)征询对方对自己要做事情的态度时用shall。---ShallIopenthedoorforyou？---Yes，please./No，thanks.试比较：---MayIuseyourbike？---Yes,hereyouare./Sorry.(3)表示客气的命令或邀请时，只能用will。Willyouopenthewindowforme,please?(4）一般将来时用begoingto+do表示打算。Iwilllearnchemistrynextterm.(表示事实)Iamgoingtolearnthesongtonight.(表示意愿)（5）comegoleavedie等少数动词表示一般将来，一般不用begoingto+do结构。Theywillleaveheretomorrow.(√)Theyareleavingheretomorrow.(√)Theyaregoingtoleaveheretomorrow.(X)(六)过去将来时：1.过去将来时的概念：表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g.Shesaidshe___________(go)theretomorrow.2.过去将来时的关键词：一般将来时的所有关键词和：thenextyear(week/month/day…)thatnight(evening)3.过去将来时时的结构：(1)肯定句：Shesaidshe__________(stay)athomenextSunday.(2)否定句：Shesaidshe__________(notstay)athomenextSunday.(3)一般疑问句：Sheaskedherbrother_____he__________(stay)athomenextSunday4.过去将来时的注意要点：70\n(1)过去将来时的谓语动词结构：would+dowas/weregoingto+do(2)comegoleavedie等少数动词表示过去将来，一般不用begoingto+do结构。Bettysaidtheywouldleaveheretomorrow.(√)Bettysaidtheywereleavingheretomorrow.(√)Bettysaidtheyweregoingtoleaveheretomorrow.(X)(七)现在完成时：1.现在完成时的概念：(1)表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在。e.g.I_______________(teach)Englishsince1982.She_____________(be)busyforthreehours.(2)表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态虽然已经结束，但对现在产生影响，造成结果。---Wouldyouliketohavedinnerwithme？---I____________(have)italready.2.现在完成时的关键词：sincealreadyyetjustnever(从不)everrecentlyforthreeyearsthesedays(in)thelast/pastfivedays3.现在完成时的结构：(1)肯定句：I____________(be)ateachersincelastyear.(2)否定句：He______________(notfinish)itoffyet.(3)一般疑问句：_______Joan_________(clean)thedooryet?(4)回答：Yes,she__________No,she________.4.现在完成时的注意要点：(1)现在完成时的谓语动词结构：have/has+done(2)现在完成时不能和过去时间连用。Ican’topenthedoor.Who____________(break)it?Who____________(break)ityesterday?(3)have/hasbeento+地点(去过某地)have/hasgoneto+地点(到某地去了)havebeenin+地点(一直在某地)e.g.IhavebeentoBritaintwice.Itisreallyabeautifulcountry.(Ihavebeentheretwice.)HehasgonetoBeijing.Hewillbebackinfourdays.(Hehasgonethere.)HehasbeeninBeijingsincethreeyearsago.(Hehasbeentheresincethreeyearsago.)（4）瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用(否定句中可以)（A）Hehasborrowedthebookforaweek.(X)Hehas________thebookforaweek.(√)(B)Shehasdiedforthreeyears.(X)Shehas_____________forthreeyears.(√)(C)Ihaveboughtthishousefortenmonths.(X)Ihave________thishousefortenmonths.(√)（D）HehasleftShanghaiforfiveyears.(X)Hehas____________________Shanghaiforfiveyears.(√)（E）Thefilmhasbegunfor15minutes.(X)Thefilmhas______________for15minutes.(F)HehasjoinedtheYouthLeagueforayear.(X)HehasbecomeaLeaguememberforayear.(X)Hehas_______aLeaguememberforayear.(√)Hehas____________theLeagueforayear.(√)(G)HehascometoNanqiaoforthreeweeks.(X)Hehas__________Nanqiaoforthreeweeks.(√)(5)过去分词的构成：和过去式的构成方法相同。（6）过去分词的其它作用：（A）用于被动语态。Englishisspokenbypeopleallovertheworld.（B）用做定语,放在被修饰词的后面,有被动的意思。Thegirl[followedbyapoliceman]isourmonitress,Rose.（C）用做形容词：excitedmovedsurprised=amazedworriedinterestedamusedfrozenlostfrightenedbroken…(八)过去完成时：70\n1.过去完成时的概念：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g.IsaidI_______________(teach)Englishsince1982.She_____________(be)busyforthreehoursbeforeshewenttobedlastnight..2.过去完成时的关键词：sincealreadyyetjustnever(从不)everrecentlyforthreeyearsthesedays(in)thelast/pastfivedaysby+过去点上时间(bytheendoflastmonth/by2009)3.过去完成时的结构：(1)肯定句：Thefilm__________(alreadybegin)whenIgotthere.(2)否定句：He______________(notfinish)theworkbytenyesterdaymorning.(3)一般疑问句：_______you_________(learn)physicsbytheendoflastterm?(4)回答：Yes,I__________No,I________.4.过去完成时的注意要点：(1)过去完成时的谓语动词结构：had+done(2)两个紧接发生的过去动作，由于已经由when/after/before/until/assoonas等说明了前后的时间关系，所以先发生的动作可用一般过去时代替过去过去完成时。Assoonastheteacher_______(come)intotheclassroom,thestudents______(stop)talkingatonce.三、动词时态的判定方式：（一）有一定的时间状语：Sheoftengoestobedlate.（二）根据上下文来判断：Listen!Whoissingingintheroom?（三）对话中呈现：---WhereisJohn?---Hehasgonetothereadingroom.（四）复合句中体现：Idon’twanttoseethefilmbecauseIhaveseenittwice.四、动词时态语态的练习：(一)用所给词的适当形式填空1．He________(go)swimmingintherivereverydayinsummer.2.It________(seem)youareright.3.Look,thechildren__________(play)basketballontheplayground.4.He_________(listen)totheradiowhenIcamein.5.Itisverycold.Ithinkit_________(rain)outsidenow.6.---Ineedsomepaper.---I_________(bring)someforyou.7.Ican’tfindmypen.Who__________(take)it?8.Hesaidthathe__________(come)backinfiveminutes.9.Ididn’tmeethim.He________(leave)whenIgotthere.10.I________(lose)mybike,soIhavetowalktoschool.11.He______(sit)downandbegantoreadhisnewspaper.12.Heisveryhungry.He__________(noteat)anythingforthreedays.13.I________(go)withyouifIhavetime.14.Wewillgotothecinemaifit______(be)fine.15.Iwilltellherthenewswhenshe________(come)toseemenextweek.16.---“When______you______(buy)thecar?”---“In1998.”17.We________（be）goodfriendssincewemetatschool.18.What______you______(do)atfiveyesterdayafternoon?19.Thebikeisnice.Howmuch______it______(cost)?(二)选择最佳答案填空（）1.We’llgoswimmingiftheweather______finetomorrow.A.isB.wasC.willbeD.isgoingtobe（）2.Pleasedon’tleavetheofficeuntilyourfriend______back.A.cameB.comesC.havecomeD.willcome（）3.Bytheendoflastyearhe______about1500Englishwords.A.learnsB.learnedC.waslearningD.hadlearned（）4.Listen!Someone______inthenextroom.A.criedB.cryingC.iscryingD.hascried（）5.Youmusttellhimthenewsassoonasyou______him.A.seeB.seesC.willseeD.isseeing（）6.Hetoldmethathe______toseeusthenextday.70\nA.comesB.cameC.willcomeD.wouldcome（）7.Wecan’tfindhimanywhere.Perhapshe______home.A.isgoingB.wentC.hasgoneD.wouldcome（）8.Theteachertoldusthatthesun______biggerthantheearth.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe（）9.Couldyoutellmewheretherailwaystation______?A.wasB.isC.willbeD.wouldbe（）10.We______totheGreatWallseveraltimes.A.goB.weregoingC.havegoneD.havebeen（）11.Itseemedthattheoldman______forsomethingoverthere.A.looksB.lookedC.waslookingD.haslooked（）12.Hewassurethathe______hiswalletintheoffice.A.leftB.wouldleaveC.hadleftD.hasleft（）13.Youmuststudyhardifyou______wanttofailtheexam.A.won’tB.don’tC.haven’tD.hadn’t（）14.—I’mafraidyoucan’tsithere.—Sorry,I______know.A.don’tB.won’tC.can’tD.didn’t（）15.—Jimisnotcomingtonight.—Buthe______!A.promises（许诺）B.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised(三)动词时态能力综合测试（）1.Heoften______hisclothesonSundays.A.washingB.washesC.haswashedD.wash（）2.I’mChinese.Where_____you______from?A.do/comeB.are/comingC.are/comeD.did/come（）3.May______toschool.A.neverwalksB.isneverwalkingC.walkneverD.neveriswalking（）4.Wewillstartassoonasourteacher______.A.comesB.willcomeC.comeD.iscoming（）5.Howlongago_____you______playingfootball?A.have/stoppedB.had/stoppedC.did/stopD.do/stop（）6.It______hardwhenIleftmyhouse.A.israiningB.rainsC.wasrainingD.willrain（）7.Ithinkthisquestion______toanswer.A.easyB.iseasyC.waseasyD.willeasy（）8.Don’ttalksoloudly.Yourfather______.A.sleepsB.issleepingC.sleptD.hadslept（）9.Howmanypeopledoesthedoctorknowwho______ofthedisease(疾病)？A.aredyingB.isdyingC.hasdiedD.dies（）10.I______myhomeworknow.A.finishB.finishedC.havefinishedD.hadfinished（）11.He______thearmyforthreeyears.A.hasjoinedB.hasbeeninC.joinedD.hasserved（）12.Hisgrandfather______forthirtyyears.A.diedB.wasdeadC.hasbeendeadD.hasdied（）13.I______frommybrotherforalongtime.A.nothaveheardB.havenotheardC.haveheardnotD.donothear（）14.Maths,oneofthemostimportantsubjects,______alwaysinterestedhim.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is（）15.—DidyourbrothergotoAmericalastyear?—______.A.No,hedidnevergothereB.No,hehasnevergonehereC.No,heneverwasthereD.No,he’sneverbeenthere（）16.He______thatfactorysince1958.A.hasleftB.hasworkedinC.hasgonefromD.hascometo（）17.Ourteacher______toBeijingthreetimes.A.wentB.hadgoneC.hasgoneD.hasbeen（）18.LastweekJohn______hisleg.A.feltandbrokenB.fellandbrokeC.feelsandbreaksD.fallenandbroken（）19.Jack______histhickcoatbecauseitwassnowing.A.putsonB.putonC.takesonD.tookon70\n（）20.He______thepictureonthewall.A.hangedB.hungC.hashangedD.washanged（）21.Nextmonthmysister______twenty-five.A.hasB.willbeC.shallhaveD.isgoingtobe（）22.You______heragaininafewweeks.A.willseeB.haveseenC.hadseenD.havebeenseen（）23.Bytheendoflasttermwe______Englishfortwoyears.A.havestudiedB.havebeenstudiedC.wouldstudiedD.hadstudied（）24.MrsBrown______inNewYorkforthreeyearsbeforeshewenttoLondon.A.livedB.hadlivedC.haslivedD.willlive（）25.Whenwearrived,thedinner______.A.alreadybeganB.hasalreadybegunC.hadalreadybegunD.wasjustbegun（）26.IwillgohomefortheholidayassoonasI______myexams.A.willfinishB.finishC.finishingD.finished（）27.Mysister______toseeme.She’llbeheresoon.A.comesB.iscomingC.hadcomeD.came（）28.Theysaidthey______ouranswerthenextday.A.hadheardB.wouldhearofC.wouldhearD.willhear（）29.Theoldmansaidthatlight______fasterthansound.A.wentB.willgoC.travelsD.willtravel(四)基本型用所给动词的正确形式填空：1.Acow_______(eat)grassbutgivesmilk.2.Theroomisdirty.I_______(clean)itinaminute.3.Mary_______(sing)threesongsalready.Letherhavearest.4.Itislateatnight.Dad_______still_______(work)atthedesk.5.TellRoberttoturnoffthelightsbeforehe_______(go)out.6.Heputonhisclothesand_______(hurry)toschoolwithoutbreakfast.7.He_______(fall)and_______(hit)hislegonatablethatday.8.She__________(be)theretwicealready.9.Whattime______Jim______(get)upeveryday.10.Look!Tom________(mend)thecaroverthere.11.You__________(notsweep)theflooryesterday.12.______(hold)onaminute,please!I________(look)forapieceofpapernow.13.Ifyou_______(speak)tooloudlyinpublicplaces,otherpeople________(notbe)pleased.14.--“Thelightintheclassroom_____(be)on.”--“Oh,sorry,Iforgot______(turn)itoff.”15.--“Howabout_______(take)ashortrest?”--“Sorry,Ifeellike_______(watch)TVaftersupper.”16.________(notworry).He’llcomebacksoon.17.________Februaryusually________(have)28days?18.“I’ve_______(have)anotherletterfromhim,”Mr.Whitesaid.19.Hisleg’s________(get)worse.That’stoobad.20.______you________(wait)forabusnow?21.We________(notgo)climbingthehillsifitrainstomorrow.(五)提高型1.--I’vefinishedmyhomework.When____you_____it?–Infiveminutes,Ithink.A.have/finishedB.do/finishC.did/finishD.will/finish2.Judy_____theGreatWalltwice,andnowshestill_____togothere.A.wentto/wantedB.goesto/wantsC.hasgoneto/wantsD.hasbeento/wants3.Theyusually_____TVintheevening.A.watchB.willwatchC.arewatchingD.watches4.Thechild_____cryingwhenhesawhismother.A.stopB.stopsC.stoppedD.stopping5.Whatwerethetwinstalkingaboutwhenyou_____them?A.hadseenB.wereseeingC.sawD.see6.Pleasebuysomestampsformeifyou_____thepostoffice.A.passB.willpassC.havepassedD.passed7.–WhereisJim?-He____tothelibrary.A.wentB.hasbeenC.goesD.hasgone70\n8.Kate____tobeduntilherfatherreturnedyesterdayevening.A.won’tgoB.doesn’tgoC.wentD.didn’tgo9.--HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?---Yes,I____therelastyear.A.wentB.goC.wereD.gone10.Thetwooldmen____eachothersince1970.A.didn’tseenB.don’tseeC.haven’tseenD.won’tsee11.Shesaysthatshe____toBeijingnextweek.A.hasgoneB.willgoC.goesD.wouldgo12.I’llgoforawalkwithyouifit_____tomorrow.A.won’trainB.doesn’trainC.willrainD.isn’tgoingtorain13.I____hertobringmybooktoschoolyesterday.A.toldB.tellC.amtellingD.havetold14.Bequite.Thechild____.A.sleepsB.sleptC.issleepingD.hadslept15.Idon’tknowifhe____tomorrow.Ifhe_____,I’llmeethim.A.willcome/comesB.comes/comesC.willcome/willcomeD.comes/willcome16.I____anoldfriendofminewhenI____inthestreetyesterdayafternoon.A.met/waswalkingB.wasmeeting/walkedC.wasmeeting/waswalkingD.met/walked17.–IsMr.Wangathome?-No,heisn’t.he____toNanjing.A.wentB.goesC.isgoingD.hasgone18.–Haveyoumendedthemotorbike,Tom?-Yes,I____ittenminutesago.A.haveB.hadC.mendedD.havemended19.Ifitisfine,thesportsmeeting____twodays.A.lastsB.willlastC.lastedD.last20.Ourgeographyteachertoldusthattheearth____aroundthesun.A.goesB.goC.wentD.going(六)综合型1.Bytheendoflastterm,we____1000Englishwords.A.havelearnedB.haslearntC.hadlearnedD.learned2.TheReads____lunchwhenIgottotheirhouse.A.werehavingB.washavingC.arehavingD.ishaving3.Hisfamily____TVfrom10to12lastnight.A.watchedB.werewatchingC.hadwatchedD.waswatching4.--Haveyouever____totheUSA?--Yes,I____therelastsummer.A.gone/wentB.gone/havebeenC.been/wentD.been/have5.He____hishomeworkandnowislisteningtomusic.A.finishedB.finishesC.hasfinishedD.finish6.We’vewaitedforyoufor2hours.Where_____,Jim?A.areyouB.haveyoubeenC.areyoufromD.haveyougone7.He’sout.He____tothelibrary.A.wentB.hasgoneC.hasbeenD.hadgone8.--Howlonghaveyou____there?--Aboutsixyears.A.comeB.goneC.leftD.worked9.Ourworkshop____sincetwoyearsago.A.wasopenedB.openedC.hasbeenopenD.hasopened10.Mygrandpa_____forhalfayear.A.hasbeendeadB.diedC.hasdiedD.wasdead11.When____theGreens____backtoChina?--Nextmonth.A.did/comeB.are/comeC.will/comeD.have/come12.Stayinside,please.It____hardnow.A.israiningB.hasrainedC.rainsD.wasraining13.Ourknowledgeoftheuniverse_____allthetime.A.growB.isgrowingC.growsD.grew14.Look!Lilywithhersisters_____akiteontheplayground.A.isflyingB.flyingC.areflyingD.fly15.It’sfiveyearssinceI____youlasttime.A.metB.meetC.havemetD.hadmet16.Ithoughtthenews____importantforusall.70\nA.isB.wasC.wereD.willbe17.Thewomanfelloffthebikeand_____ontheroad.A.liedB.lieC.layD.lying18.GrannyWangtoldthechildrenthatthesun_____fromtheeast.A.hasrisenB.roseC.risesD.raise19.Gotohelpherifshe_____introuble.A.isgoingB.willbeC.comesD.is20.Doyouknowwhichpicture_____best?A.doesshelikeB.shelikesC.didshelikeD.sheisliking21.TheWhites_____manyplacesofinterestsincetheycametoChina.A.havevisitedB.willvisitC.visitedD.visit22.Idon’tknowifshe____mewhenshe____.A.tells/arrivesB.tells/willarriveC.willtell/willarriveD.willtell/arrives23.NevertroublemewhileI____inmyroom!A.willsleepB.asleepC.amsleepingD.slept24.Ifyou____lunchatschooltoday,sowillI.A.haveB.havehadC.willhaveD.had25.LucyisstudyinginBeijing.She____Londonforoneyear.A.hasleftB.gasleftforC.hasbeenawayfromD.hasbeenaway26.Theyneverknewwhat_____totheworldinahundredyears.A.happenedB.wouldhappenC.hadhappenedD.wouldbehappened第二讲被动语态一、概念：(一)主动语态：主语是动作的执行者：ManypeoplespeakChinese.（二）被动语态：主语是动作的承受者：Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.二、作用：(一)不知道动作的执行者是谁：Yesterdayamanwaskilledinthefield.（二）需要强调的是动作的承受者：Thedoorhasalreadybeencleanedtwice.三、被动语态的结构：be+done四、主动语态改为被动语态的方法：ManypeoplespeakChinese.123Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.在动作执行者不必强调时by短语可以省略。五、八种时态主动语态和被动语态对比：1.一般现在时：主动语态被动语态肯：Theboyoften_______(play)games.Games______often______(play)bytheboy.否：Theboy_____often_____(notplay)games.Games______often_______(notplay)bytheboy.疑：_____theboyoften_______(play)games?____gamesoften______(play)bytheboy?答：Yes,he_____./No,he______.Yes,they______./No,they_______.总特征：is/am/are+done2.一般过去时：主动语态被动语态肯：He________(see)thefilmyesterday.Thefilm__________(see)byhimyesterday.否：He________(notsee)thefilmyesterday.Thefilm__________(notsee)byhimyesterday.疑：____he________(see)thefilmyesterday?______thefilm__________(see)byhimyesterday?答：Yes,he_____./No,he______.Yes,it______./No,it_______.总特征：was/were+done3.：情态动词：主动语态被动语态肯：We________(cansee)starstonight.Stars__________(cansee)byustonight.否：We________(cannotsee)starstonight.Stars__________(cannotsee)byustonight.疑：_____you_____(cansee)starstonight?______stars_____(cansee)byyoutonight?答：Yes,we_____./No,we______.Yes,they______./No,they_______.总特征：情态动词+be+done4.：一般将来时：70\n主动语态被动语态肯：We________(visit)hersoon.She__________(visit)byussoon.否：We________(notvisit)hersoon.She__________(notvisit)byussoon.疑：_____you______(visit)hersoon?_____she________(visit)byussoon?答：Yes,we_____./No,we______.Yes,she______./No,she_______.总特征：will/shall+be+doneam/is/aregoingto+be+done5.：现在完成时：主动语态被动语态肯：They___________(alreadysee)it.It_______________(alreadysee)bythem.否：They___________(notsee)ityet.It_______________(notsee)bythemyet.疑：____they________(see)ityet?______it__________(see)bythemyet?答：Yes,they_____./No,they______.Yes,it______./No,it_______.总特征：have/has+been+done以下四种属于高要求：6.：现在进行时：主动语态被动语态肯：I________(read)Englishnow.English__________(read)bymenow.否：I________(notread)Englishnow.English__________(notread)bymenow.疑：____you________(read)Englishnow?______English__________(read)byyounow?答：Yes,I_____./No,I______.Yes,it______./No,it_______.总特征：am/is/are+being+done7.：过去进行时：主动语态被动语态肯：She________(do)theworkatthattime.Thework__________(do)byheratthattime.否：She________(notdo)theworkatthattime.Thework__________(notdo)byheratthattime.疑：____she_______(do)theworkatthattime?_____thework________(do)byhimatthattime?答：Yes,she_____./No,she______.Yes,it______./No,it_______.总特征：was/were+being+done8.：过去完成时：主动语态被动语态肯：I________(learn)itbythen.It__________(learn)bymebythen.否：I________(notlearn)itbythen.It__________(notlearn)bymebythen.疑：_____you______(learn)itbythen?______it__________(learn)byyoubythen?答：Yes,I_____./No,I______.Yes,it______./No,it_______.总特征：had+been+done9.：过去将来时：总特征：would+be+donewas/weregoingto+be+done六、主动语态改为被动语态的注意点：1.主动语态的主语如果是人称代词(I/we/she…)，变为被动语态做by的宾语时，用宾格（me/us/her…）：IoftencleantheroomonSunday.→→TheroomisoftencleanedbymeonSunday.2.主动语态宾语如果是人称代词（me/us/her…），变为被动语态做主语时，用主格（I/we/she…)：Theteacherwrotethemyesterday.→→Theywerewrittenbytheteacheryesterday.3.不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语,因而没有被动语态，但是当某些不及物动词和某些介词等搭配，组成固定词组，相当于一个及物动词（vt.）时，可以有宾语，所以可以有被动语态，但是该固定动词词组不能拆开：Sheoftentakesgoodcareofme.→→I_____often_________________byher4.主动语态的谓语动词如果有双宾语（直接宾语→→物，间接宾语→→人）时，可以任意用其中的一个宾语做被动语态的主语，在解题时，为避免出错，通常用前一个宾语做被动语态的主语：Shegavemesomeadviceyesterday./Shegavesomeadvicetomeyesterday.→→Iwasgivensomeadvicebyheryesterday.→→Someadvicewasgiventomebyheryesterday.用for的双宾语动词：buy/make/draw/build/do/write/bring/take…sth.forsb.用to的双宾语动词：give=offer/pass=hand/lend/send=post=mail/tell/show/teach/throw/take/bring/write…sth.tosb.5.动词词组：make/have=let/find/hear/see/feel/watch/noticesb.+do和helpsb.+(to)do中，动词不定式不带to，改为被动语态时，加上to：Shemademecopythetexttentimesthismorning.→→Iwasmadetocopythetexttentimesbyherthismorning.70\n七、动词综合练习：谓语动词：1.Shedidn’tgotoseethedolphinshow(海豚表演)withusbecauseshe________italready.A.seesB.sawC.hasseenD.hadseen2.InoldChina,manypalaces________inBeijing,Xi’anandNanjing.A.builtB.havebuiltC.werebuiltD.werebuilding3.Mr.Kinghas_________SouthAfrica.Hewillbebacknextmonth.A.beentoB.beenatC.gonetoD.gonein4.Sarah_________abiketowork,butnowshedrives.A.usedtorideB.hadriddenC.wouldrideD.usedtoriding5.A:______________theflightMU823______________?B:No,notyet.A.Has…arrivedB.Do…arriveC.Will…arriveD.Is…arriving6.Who_________mypenaway?Iuseditminutesago.A.hastakenB.willtakeC.takesD.took7.Jenny__________thetextofLesson3at8:00lastnight.A.readB.wasreadingC.isreadingD.wouldread8.-----Icalledyouyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer.-----Oh,IamsorryI________dinneratmyfriend’shome.A.haveB.hadC.washavingD.havehad9.Ilikethissilkdress,andit________sosoftandcomfortable.A.isfeelingB.feelsC.hasfeltD.isfelt10.Wewon’tdomorningexercisesifit__________tomorrow.A.rainsB.willrainC.rainedD.rain11.WhenIgottothecinema,thefilm__________forfiveminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.hadbeenon12.Coffeeisready.Howniceit_______!Wouldyoulikesome?A.smellsB.feelsC.soundsD.looks13.Theycanseethewordsontheblackboardclearly,sothey_______wearglasses.A.needtoB.havetoC.don’tneedD.don’thaveto14.Moreandmoremoney________ontheprotectionoftheenvironmentinthefuture.A.willspendB.mayspendC.isspentD.willbespent15.JohnandIaregoodfriends.We________eachotherfortenyears.A.knewB.hadknownC.knowD.haveknown16.-----Howlonghashe______ill?-----Aboutaweek.He_______illfivedaysago.A.fallen/wasB.been/fallC.been/fellD.fallen/fell17._________turnontheMP3tooloud.It’sbadforyourears.A.DoB.Don’tC.Doesn’tD.Does18.The18thWorldAIDSDayissettomakepeople________theirbestinthefightagainstAIDS.A.triedB.tryC.tryingD.tries19.Al,togetherwithtwofriends,________toBeijingforaholidaythissummer.A.aregoingB.wasgoingC.willbegoingD.isgoing20.Askhimifthework_______tomorrow.A.finishB.willfinishC.isfinishedD.willbefinished21.We________aphysicslessonwhenthefire________out.A.arehaving/brokeB.have/breaksC.had/brokeD.werehaving/broke22.Thefoodandmedicinemust________atalowtemperature.A.keepB.bekeptC.keepingD.kept23.Bytheendoflastterm,we________tenEnglishsongs.A.learnedB.havelearnedC.hadlearnedD.wouldlearn24.Oh,myGod.I_________mydictionaryinthereading-roomjustnow.A.forgetB.forgotC.leftD.leave25.Idon’tknowifhe_________tomorrow,ifhe________,pleasecallme.A.willcome/comesB.comes/comesC.comes/willcomeD.willcome/willcome26.A:Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter?B:Hetoldmethathe_______theDisneyWorldthenextday.70\nA.willvisitB.hasvisitedC.isgoingtovisitD.wouldvisit27.Sincetherain_______,whynotgoshoppingnow?A.hasstoppedB.stoppedC.isstoppingD.stops28.Jacktoldmethathe________onastudytriptoAustraliathenextmonth.A.willgoB.goesC.hasgoneD.wouldgo29.She________ShanghaitoattendanimportantconferenceinJapantheweekafternext.A.leavesB.leftC.willleaveD.hasleft30.Johncan’tjoinusinthegame.He________theroom.A.hascleanedB.iscleaningC.cleansD.wascleaning非谓语1.Theteacherwillshowus__________thecomputer.A.touseB.howtouseC.usedD.using2.Thestudentsinourschoolarebusy_________ourSchoolArtFestival.A.toprepareB.toprepareforC.gettingreadyD.preparingfor3.Pleasetelltheboys_________footballinthestreet.Itisdangerous.A.don’tplayB.tonotplayC.nottoplayD.notplay4.Howhappyweare________eachotherinLondon!Whatacoincidence!A.seeingB.sawC.toseeD.seen5.It’simportant________partinsportsandrecreation.A.forustakingB.forustotakeC.ofustakingD.toustotake6.Childrenalwaysenjoy________picture-books.A.readB.toreadC.readingD.reads7.OxfordEnglishmakesmystudents_________Englishmorefluentlythanbefore.A.spokeB.speakC.speakingD.tospeak8.Dickwouldrather_________avocationalschoolthanahighschool.A.enterB.enteringC.toenterD.enterinto9.Igotupveryearlythismorning__________lateforwatchingthesun-rise.A.inordernottobeB.inordertobenotC.sothatnottobeD.sothattobenot10.Thelightison.Iseethem_________aslideshow.A.watchingB.lookingC.readingD.seeing11.Kittywouldlikeme________apaperflowerforher.A.makingB.makesC.makeD.tomake12.Theyoungmaniswondering__________adigitalcamera.A.howtorepairB.whattobuyC.wheretogoD.howmanytobuy13.You’dbetter_________quietaboutthisproblem.A.notkeepB.nottokeepC.notkeepingD.notkept14.Myfather’shobbyis__________differentkindsofcoins.A.collectB.collectsC.tocollectD.willcollect15.Ididn’tcatchwhathesaid.Hespoke__________fastforme________follow.A.so/thatB.such/thatC.too/toD.enough/to16.Wouldyouplease________theTVabit?Iamdoingmyhomework.A.turnupB.turnoffC.turnonD.turndown17.Wouldyoumind________mehowtorememberEnglishwords.A.tellB.totellC.tellingD.told18.TheGradeSixstudentsgotused________inthenewschoolonemonthlater.A.tostudyB.tostudyingC.studyD.studying19.InternetBarsmustn’tletpeopleunder18inorletanybody________badthings.A.towatchB.watchC.watchingD.watches20.Wouldyouaskhertosingasongforus?We’dliketohearher________likeLiYuchun.A.singB.tosingC.singingD.sings句型转换1.TheweatherinQingdaoisverynice.(改为反意疑问句)TheweatherinQingdaoisverynice,________________?2.Youbothgetgoodmarksinyourexam.(改为否定句)________________________getsgoodmarksinyourexam.3.TheysawaUFOflyinginthesky.(改为被动语态)70\nAUFO________________________inthesky.4.Youhavesportseveryday.(改为反意疑问句)Youhavesportseveryday,________________?5.Youmustfinishitrightnow.(改为否定句)You________________itrightnow.6.Mymotherwillcomebackinafewminutes.(就划线部分提问)________________willyourmothercomeback?7.Youmustsendhimtoahospitalatonce.(改为被动语态)Hemust________________toahospitalatonce.8.Shegotupearlysothatshecouldgetthereontime.(改为简单句)Shegotupearly________________________getthereontime.9.Youcan’tseethestarsinthedaytime.(改为被动语态)Thestarscan’t________________inthedaytime.10.Theworkersdidn’tknowwhattheyshoulddonext.(用不定式改写)Theworkersdidn’tknowwhat_________________next.11.Mr.Liisill.I’llattendthemeetinginstead.(合并成一句)_________________Mr.Li’sillness,I’llattendthemeeting__________________him.12.BobcametoShanghaihalfayearago.(改为现在完成时态)Bob________________________Shanghai________halfayear.13.Mrs.Smithwenttoseethedoctoronceamonth.(就划线部分提问)________________________Mrs.Smith________toseethedoctor?14.Johnrunsfastestinhisclass.(同义转换)________________canrunas________asJohninhisclass.15.Ittookhertwohourstodoherhomework.(同义转换)She________twohours________herhomework.16.Hewassostrongthathecouldlifttheheavybox.(同义转换)Hewasstrong_______________lifttheheavybox.17.Hewenttobedafterhehadfinishedhishomework.(同义转换)He_________gotobed________hehadfinishedhishomework.18.Thisbookisnotinteresting.Thatbookisn’tinteresting,either.(同义转换)_________thisbook_________thatoneisinteresting.19.ThoughIhaddonemybest,Ifailed.(同义转换)Ihaddonemybest,________Ifailed.20.Willyoupleasegooutforawalkwithme?(同义转换)Let’sgooutforawalk,_________________?21.Workhard,andyouwillpasstheexam.(同义转换)________________workhard,youwillpasstheexam.22.Wecleanthewindowsofourclassroomonceaweek.(同义转换)Thewindowsofourclassroom________________onceaweek.23.Howbeautifultheparkis!(同义转换)________________beautifulparkitis!24.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?(同义转换)Doyoumind________I________thewindow?25.ItisthreeyearssinceJanecametoShanghai.(同义转换)JanecametoShanghaithreeyears________.26.Idon’tthinkMarywillgotherewithus.(改为反意疑问句)Idon’tthinkMarywillgotherewithus,_______________?第三讲状语从句(I).Theadverbialclauseofresult:（a）Thesubjectsarethesameandthemeaningisaffirmative:e.g.Theboyisveryclever.Hecanworkouttheproblemeasily.(1)Theboyisverycleversothathecanworkouttheproblemeasily.(2)Theboyissocleverthathecanworkouttheproblemeasily.(3)Heissuchacleverboythathecanworkouttheproblemeasily.(4)Theboyiscleverenoughtoworkouttheproblemeasily.Nowit’syourturn…(1)She’sverytall.Shecanreachtheappleonthetree.(1)_____________________________________________________70\n(2)_____________________________________________________(3)_____________________________________________________(4)_____________________________________________________(2)He’sverythin.Hecanclimbthroughthesmallhole.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(3)Mygrandmaisveryold.Shecanberetirednow.(1)_____________________________________________________(2)________________________________________________________(3)________________________________________________________(4)________________________________________________________(4)Tomisverystrong.Hecanlifttheheavyboxeasily.(1)________________________________________________________(2)_________________________________________________________(3)_________________________________________________________(4)_________________________________________________________（5）Youareverybrave.Youcanwalkaloneatnight.(1)__________________________________________________________(2)__________________________________________________________(3)__________________________________________________________(4)__________________________________________________________(b)Thesubjectsaredifferentandthemeaningisaffirmative:e.g.Theriverisverynarrow.Wecanswimacrossit.(1)Theriverisverynarrowsothatwecanswimacrossit.(2)Theriverissonarrowthatwecanswimacrossit.(3)Itissuchanarrowriverthatwecanswimacrossit.(4)Theriverisnarrowenoughforustoswimacross/.Nowit’syourturn…(1)Theboxisverylight.Youcancarryitforme.(1)_____________________________________________________(2)_____________________________________________________(3)_____________________________________________________(4)_____________________________________________________(2)Theroomisverybright.Thedoctorscandotheoperationinit.(1)_____________________________________________________(2)_____________________________________________________(3)_____________________________________________________(4)_____________________________________________________(3)Thequestionisveryeasy.Icananswerit.(1)_____________________________________________________(2)_____________________________________________________(3)_____________________________________________________(4)_____________________________________________________(4)Thewordsareverybig.Wecanseethemclearly.(1)_____________________________________________________(2)_____________________________________________________(3)_____________________________________________________(4)_____________________________________________________(5)Shespeaksveryloudly.Icanhearher.(1)_____________________________________________________(2)_____________________________________________________(3)_____________________________________________________(4)_____________________________________________________(c)Thesubjectsarethesameandthemeaningisnegative：e.g.Theboyisveryyoung.Hecan’tgotoschool.(1)Theboyisveryyoungsothathecan’tgotoschool.(2)Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.70\n(3)Heissuchayoungboythathecan’tgotoschool.(4)Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.(5)Theboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.Nowit’syourturn…(1)Themanisveryexcited.Hecan’tsayaword.(1)_____________________________________________________(2)_____________________________________________________(3)_____________________________________________________(4)_____________________________________________________(5)_____________________________________________________Theladyisverylight.Shecan’tgiveoutherblood.(1)_____________________________________________________(2)_____________________________________________________(3)_____________________________________________________(4)_____________________________________________________(5)_____________________________________________________Micerunveryslowly.Theycan’tescapefromcats.(1)_____________________________________________________(2)_____________________________________________________(3)_____________________________________________________(4)_____________________________________________________(5)_____________________________________________________(4)TheTrojanswereveryfoolish.Theydidn’tunderstandtheGreeks’trick.(1)_____________________________________________________(2)_____________________________________________________(3)_____________________________________________________(4)_____________________________________________________(5)_____________________________________________________Mikeisverypoor.Hecan’tbuythehouseinthecitycentre.(1)_____________________________________________________(2)_____________________________________________________(3)_____________________________________________________(4)_____________________________________________________(5)_____________________________________________________(d)Thesubjectsaredifferentandthemeaningisnegative：e.g.Thepianoisveryexpensive.Ican’taffordit.（1）ThepianoisveryexpensivesothatIcan’taffordit.(2)ThepianoissoexpensivethatIcan’taffordit.(3)ItissuchanexpensivepianothatIcan’taffordit.(4)Thepianoistooexpensiveformetoafford/.(5)Thepianoisnotcheapenoughformetoafford/.Nowit’syourturn…(1)Lifewasveryhard.Thepeopletherecouldn’tbearit.(1)_____________________________________________________(2)_____________________________________________________(3)_____________________________________________________(4)_____________________________________________________(5)_____________________________________________________(2)Theroomisverysmall.Wecan’tholdthemeetinginit.(1)_____________________________________________________(2)_____________________________________________________(3)_____________________________________________________(4)_____________________________________________________(5)_____________________________________________________(3)Thebagisveryheavy.Thegirlcan’tmoveit.(1)_____________________________________________________(2)_____________________________________________________(3)_____________________________________________________(4)_____________________________________________________70\n(5)_____________________________________________________(4)Thetestwasverydifficult.Jackcouldn’tpassit.(1)_____________________________________________________(2)_____________________________________________________(3)_____________________________________________________(4)_____________________________________________________(5)_____________________________________________________(5)Thestreetsareverynarrow.Thebusescan’tgothroughthem.(1)_____________________________________________________(2)_____________________________________________________(3)_____________________________________________________(4)_____________________________________________________(5)_____________________________________________________Rewritethefollowingsentences:(1).TheboxissosmallthatIcan’tputthepeninit.Theboxissmallformeputthepenin.(2).Thewaterwassodirtythatwecouldn’tdrinkit.Thewaterwastoodirtytodrink.(3).Theboywastoofrightenedtosayaword.Theboywasfrightenedhecouldn’tsayaword.(4).Bettyistooyoungtogotoschool.Bettyisoldtogotoschool.(5).Thecalculatorissosmallthatitcanfitintothepocket.Thecalculatorisverysmallitcanfitintothepocket.(6)Themanissokindthateveryoneherelikeshim.Heisakindmaneveryoneherelikeshim.Choosethebestanswer:1.Theroomistoodirtyforme_______.A.toliveB.liveinC.toliveinD.toliveinit2.Theyare____honestchildren____wealwaysbelievewhattheysay.A.so…thatB.such…thatC.sucha…thatD.suchan…that(II).Theadverbialclauseofcondition:（a）含有if(如果)引导的条件状语从句的复合句:IwillgotovisittheScienceMuseumifitdoesn’traintomorrow.Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,IwillgotovisittheScienceMuseumtomorrow.（b）含有unless(如果不)引导的条件状语从句的复合句:Unlessitrainstomorrow,IwillgotovisittheScienceMuseumtomorrow.（c）含有if或unless引导的条件状语从句的复合句可以转化为含有and/then的并列句:Ifyouworkhard,youwillpasstheexam.==Workhard,and/thenyouwillpasstheexam.（d）含有if或unless引导的条件状语从句的复合句可以转化为含有or的并列句:Ifyouworkhard,youwillpasstheexam.==Workhard,oryouwillfailtopasstheexam.（e）条件状语从句如果是一般将来是要用一般现在时代替。Shewillattendthemeetingifshe__________(be)freetonight.(f)条件状语从句如果是过去将来是要用一般过去时代替。Shesaidthatshewouldattendthemeetingifshe__________(be)freetonight.(g)注意if的不同含义和在句中的作用：Couldyoutellmeifit__________(rain)thisevening.(if--,从句)Iwon’tgothereifit___________(rain)thisevening.（if--,从句）Nowit’syourturn…Rewritethefollowingsentences:Ifyoudon’tgotobedatonce,youcan’tgetupearlytomorrow.Gotobedatonce,_____you______getupearlytomorrow.2.Startatonce,andyoucancatchtheearlybus.__________don’tstartatonce,youcan’tcatchtheearlybus.3.Getawayfromthefire,oryouwillgetburnt.Getawayfromthefire,______you_______getburnt.4.UnlessitrainsnextWednesday,shewillgotherewithme._____it_____rainnextWednesday,shewillgotherewithme.Choosethebestanswer:70\n1.()Ifyou_____inyourhomeworknextMonday,theteacher______angry.A.won’thand/willbeB.won’thand/isC。don’thand/willbeD.don’thand/is2.()Beontimetoattendtheclass,______you_______whatourteacherwillsay.Whichiswrong?A.or/won’tcatchB.or/willmissC.and/willmissD.and/won’tmiss3.()I’llgototherailwaystationtomeetherifshe______(come)tomorrow.A.willcomeB.iscomingC.comeD.comes4.()Jacktoldmethathewoulddoitatonceifhe_________(ask)to.A.willaskB.wouldaskc.askedD.wasasked5.()Iwonderedifshe________theworkintimenextmonth.A.finishB.finishedC.willfinishD.wouldfinish(III).Theadverbialclauseofpurpose:(a)含有sothat或inorderthat(以便/为得是)引导的目的状语从句的复合句:Hegotupveryearlythismorning.Hewantedtocatchtheearlytrain.==Hegotupveryearlythismorning___________hecouldcatchtheearlytrain.==Hegotupveryearlythismorning________________hecouldcatchtheearlytrain.(b)此类复合句可以转化为含有inordertodo/soastodo/todo的简单句，但是soasto引导的目的状语不能放于句首：==Hegotupveryearlythismorning______________catchtheearlytrain.==Hegotupveryearlythismorning____catchtheearlytrain.==_______________catchtheearlytrain,hegotupearlythismorning.*注意sothat的两种不同含义。Nowit’syourturn…Rewritethefollowingsentences:Thechildrenpiledthesnowthere.Theywantedtomakeasnowman.1.___________________________________________________________2.___________________________________________________________3.___________________________________________________________4.___________________________________________________________5.___________________________________________________________6.___________________________________________________________(IV).Theadverbialclauseofcause:（a）原因状语从句由because/as/since和nowthat引导。（b）回答why问句必须用because回答。Whywereyoulateforthemeetingthismorning?________Igotuplatethismorning.（c）Nowthat（既然）一般放于句首，相当于as或since.Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.__________everyoneishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.（d）含有原因状语从句的复合句可以转化为含有for的并列句。但for不能放于句首。Getdownonyourknees,_____I’mgoingtokillyou.（e）原因状语从句可以转化为含有becauseof的短语，使复合句变为简单句。Hecouldn’tgothereatthemomentbecausetheweatherwasverybad.Hecouldn’tgothereatthemoment______________thebadweather.(f)because和so不能用于同一个句子中：_______t(T)heweatherisfine,soIamgoingtohaveawalkinthepark.a.Becauseb.Sincec.Asd./Nowit’syourturn…Choosethebestanswer:1.()_____itisrainingheavily,Ican’tgoouttoplaywithyou.Whichisnotright?A.BecauseB.AsC.SinceD.For2.()Nowthatnobodycananswerthequestion,let’sdiscussitrightnow.A.AsB.BecauseC.ForD.Becauseof3.()--Whydoesshelooksoupset?---_______shehasn’tworkedouttheproblem.A.AsB.NowthatC.BecauseD.Since(V).Theadverbialclauseofconsession:(a)让步状语从句由though/although(虽然)引导。Thoughitisverylateatnight,heisstillbusydoinghislessons.(b)让步状语从句可以转化为but引导的并列句。==Itisverylateatnight,_______heisstillbusydoinghislessons.70\n注意：though(although)和but不能同时出现于同一句子中。Nowit’syourturn…Rewritethefollowingsentences:Hefailedintheexam.Hedidn’tgiveup.(合并句子)________hefailedintheexam,hedidn’tgiveup.Hefailedintheexam,_____hedidn’tgiveup.(VI).Theadverbialclauseoftime:（a）时间状语从句由when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,until等引导。WhenIwashavingsupperyesterdayevening,thetelephonerang.(b)时间状语从句如果是一般将来是要用一般现在时代替。Shewillgiveusatalkassoonasshe__________(have)timenextweek.(c)时间状语从句如果是过去将来是要用一般过去时代替。Shesaidthatshewouldwritethereportaftertheinformation_______(send)toherbythemanager.(d)注意when的不同含义和在句中的作用：Pleasetellmewhenshe______(come)backtoShanghai.(when---,从句)Iwilltellheraboutitwhenshe_____(come)backtoShanghai.(when--,状语从句)(e)两个紧接发生的过去动作，由于已经由when/after/before/until/assoonas等说明了前后的时间关系，所以先发生的动作可用一般过去时代替过去过去完成时。Assoonastheteacher_______(come)intotheclassroom,thestudents______(stop)talkingatonce.（f）until短语表达的是一段时间，所以肯定句中不能用瞬间动词。Shelefttheroomuntilherparentscameback.(Wrong)Shewasawayfromherhomeuntilherparentscameback.(Right)Nowit’syourturn…Choosethebestanswer:1.()Marywilltellyouthetruthwhenyou________angry.A.areB.willbeC。aren’tD.won’tbe2.()Shesaidthatshewouldbehappywhenshe______hisfavouritehighschool.A.enterB.willenterC.wouldenterD.entered3.()Shewill_________thebookuntilnextweekend.A.lendmeB.borrowC.keepD.buy(VII).Theadverbialclauseofplace:地点状语从句由where,wherever等引导。Youcangowhereveryouwant.Youcanfindthebookwheresheoftengoes.(VIII).Theadverbialclauseofcomparasion:（A）Thefunctionsoftheadjectivesandtheadverbs:(a)Thefunctionsoftheadjectives:(1)Theyareusedasattributivestomodifythenounsandpronouns:e.g.redflagwonderfulfilmexcitingconcertswarm-heartedladynothingseriouseverythingimportant(2)Theyareputafterthelinkverbsaspredicatives:e.g.IfeltunhappywhenIheardthebadnews.(3)Theyareusedastheobjectcomplements:e.g.IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.P.S.Linkverbsaredividedintotwoparts:(1)Toexpress“change”:get=become=grow(变得),turn(变成).e.g.Afterhearingthis,hisfaceturnedred.Whenspringcomes,itgetswarm.(2)Toexpress“state”:be(是),look(看上去),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来)feel(觉得),seem(好象),keep(保持),fall(陷于),stay(处于……状态)e.g.Healwaysstayshealthybecauseofhismorningexerciseseveryday.Sheoftenfallsasleepinthemathsclass.(b)Thefunctionsoftheadverbs:(1)Theyareusedtomodifyverbs:e.g.Shesmiledhappilywhenshesawmeyesterday.(2)Theyareusedtomodifyadjectives:e.g.Shefeltrathertiredafterworkinghardforawholeday.(3)Theyareusedtomodifyadverbs:e.g.Jackjumpedhighenoughtotouchtheappleonthetree.70\n(4)Theyareusedtomodifythewholesentences:Unluckily,shefailedtopassthefinalexamlastweek.（B）不规则形容词和副词比较级和最高级：goodbetterbestwellbetterbestmanymoremostmuchmoremostbadworseworstbadlyworseworstillworseworstlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthest(距离远近)oldolderoldest（表示年龄和新旧）furtherfurthest(引申意义)eldereldest（表示辈份）e.g.ShewillgobroadforhisfurtherstudyinEnglish.She’smyeldersister.（C）规则形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成：（a）单音节词和部分词形较短的形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成：(I)一般在词尾加—er/est:smallersmallest,cleverercleverest(II)e结尾的加—r/st:nicernicest,finerfinest(III)y结尾的，变y为i,再加er/est:healthy—healthier—healthiestfunny—funnier—funniestlovely—lovelier—loveliestlively—livelier--liveliest(IV)重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写尾字母，加er/est:thinnerthinnestfatter/fattest(b)多音节词、派生词（形→副）和部分词形较长的双音节词，在词首加more/most:slowly—moreslowly—mostslowlywonderful—morewonderful—mostwonderfulfoolish—morefoolish—mostfoolish(D)形容词转化为副词的方法：(a)一般加--ly:slowlyquicklyfluentlybeautifullywonderfullyhurriedlynicely(b)y结尾的，去y加--ily:happy---happilyhealthy---healthily(c)ble结尾的，变成bly:impossible---impossiblyterrible---terriblyprobable---probably(d)true---truly(e)特殊情况：good—wellfast---fastenough---enoughearly---earlyhigh—highclose—closestraight(E)形容词和副词原级、比较级和最高级的使用：(a)表示同等的比较：（I）as+原级+as+主格Tomisastallasshe(is).MarygotupasearlyasI(did)/methismorning.(II)thesame+名词+as+主格：Janeisasoldasshe.==Janeisthesameageasshe.heavy(light)---weighttall/high(short)---heightbig/large(small)---sizelong---lengthwide---widthdeep--depth(b)表示双方有差异的比较：（I）比较级+than+主格：Ourclassroomisbrighterthantheirs.(II)preferAtoB（比起B更喜欢A）:SheprefersEnglishtoChinese.==ShelikesEnglishbetterthanChinese.(III)notas/so+原级+as+主格:Theydon’tstudyashardaswe(do).==Westudyharderthanthey(do).(IV)far/much/even/still/byfar+比较级(……的多)abit/alittle+比较级(稍微……)具体数量+比较级(1)I’mmuchtallerthanhe.(2)Tomisfiveyearsoldandhissisteriseightyearsold.==Tomisthreeyearsyoungerthanhissister.(3)Thisbookisabitmoredifficultthanthatone.(V)比较级and比较级（越来越。。。。。。）colderandcolder;moreandmoreexciting(VI)less+原级+than+主格：Thisfilmisn’tasinterestingasthatone.==Thisfilmislessinterestingthanthatone.(VII)the+比较级，the+比较级（越。。。。。。越。。。。。。）Pleasesendthisparceltoyourclassteacher,thesooner,thebetter.(VIII)必须是同等的事物才能相比：InwintertheweatherinShanghaiiswarmerthanthatinXingjiang.(c)比较级和最高级的转化：(I)不同类用in;同类用of:Tomgetstoschooltheearliestinhisclass.Tomgetstoschooltheearliestofthethree.(II)比较级和最高级的转化：Tomgetstoschooltheearliestinhisclass.==Tomgetstoschoolearlierthananyotherstudentinhisclass.70\n==Tomgetstoschoolearlierthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.==NobodyelseinhisclassgetstoschoolasearlyasTom.(III)注意：Sheisthemorecarefulofthetwo.Sheisthemostcarefulofthethree.Exercise:Changethefollowingasrequire:1.Thewaterissodirtythatwecan’tdrinkit.(改为简单句)Thewateris_______dirtyforus______drink.2.ThepoorgirlwassofortunatethatshegainedmanybooksfromProjectHope.(同意转换)Thepoorgirlwas___________togainmanybooksfromProjectHope.3.Thewordsonthenoticeboardareverysmall.Ican’tseethemclearly.(合并句子)Thewordsonthenoticeboardare_____small_____Ican’tseethemclearly.4.Bettylikestakingabustoworkandshelikestakinganundergroundtoworkbetter.(同意转换)Betty_____takinganunderground_____takingabustowork.5.Putonyourcoat,oryou’llcatchacold.(同意转换)_______you______putonyourcoat,you’llcatchacold.6.HespeaksEnglishthemostfluentlyinhisclass.(同意转换)_____________inhisclassspeaksEnglishasfluentlyashe.7.MrsSmithprefersmilktocoffee.(同意转换)MrsSmithlikesmilk____________coffee.8.Theproblemisveryhard.Nobodycanworkitout.(同意转换)Theproblemistoohard____________toworkout.9.Iwon’tspeaktoMikeifhedoesn’tsaysorrytome.(同意转换)Iwon’tspeaktoMike_____she_______tome.10.Jackearnsonlyalittlemoney,butheisahappyman.(同意转换)________Jackearnsonlyalittlemoney,heisahappyman.11.LittleTomwenttobedafterhismothercameback.(同意转换)LittleTom_______gotobed______hismothercameback.12.Sinceyouareverybusyatthemoment,Iwillgotothemeetinginsteadofyou.(同意转换)_____________youareverybusyatthemoment,Iwillgotothemeetinginsteadofyou.13.Theywon’tgooutingtomorrowbecauseitwillrainheavily.(同意转换)Theywon’tgooutingtomorrow_____________theheavyrain.14.You’llhavetogetupearlytomorrowsothatyoucancatchtheearlybus.(同意转换)You’llhavetogetupearlytomorrowin_____________tomisstheearlybus.()15.Ididn’tgotobed_______Ifinishedallofthehomework.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.until()16.A:I’mgoingtothepostoffice.B:____you’rethere,canyougetmesomestamps?A.AsB.WhileC.BecauseD.If()17.Iwashappier_______Ihadbeeninmylife.A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.than()18._______you’vegotachance,youmaymakefulluseofit.A.NowthatB.AfterC.AlthoughD.Assoonas()19.Thebagofriceisnotlightenoughforme_________.A.tocarryB.tocarryitC.carryingD.carryingit()20.Hemade______rapidprogress______soonhebegantowritearticlesforanAmericannewspaper.A.so…thatB.such…thatC.as…asD.sucha…that()21.Hepromisedhewouldgotherewithmeifhislessons_______doingbefore7:00tonight.A.willfinishB.wouldfinishC.arefinishedD.werefinished()22.HewantstoknowifMary______tothecinemathiscomingSaturdayifit________.A.willgo…willrainB.willgo…rainsC.goes…willrainD.goes…rains第四讲宾语从句（I）概念：句子充当动词或介词的宾语叫宾语从句。e.g.Healwaysbelievesherwords.(简单句)Healwaysbelieveswhatshesaystohim.(复合句)Ithinkso.(简单句)Ithinkthatourdreamwillcometruesomeday.(复合句)(II)结构：(A)宾语从句是陈述句（肯定句和否定句），用that引导，that可以省略。主句谓语动词不用sayto，而用tell代替。e.g.Englishisnotdifficulttolearn.MissSmithoftensaystome.70\n→MissSmithoften_______me_______Englishisnotdifficulttolearn.(B)宾语从句是一般疑问句，用if或whether引导，加陈述句（肯定句和否定句）语序。主句谓语动词不用sayto，而用ask代替。(有or或ornot选项时，用whether)e.g.DoesyourmotherwatchTVintheevening?Shesaystoyou.→She_______you_______yourmother_________TVintheevening.Areyoubusythesedays?Couldyoutellme?→Couldyoutellme____________________busythesedays?(C)宾语从句是特殊疑问句，不用that,if或whether引导，语序为：特殊陈述词或词组加陈述句（肯定句和否定句）语序。（特殊陈述词或词组在宾语从句中做主语时，语序不变）主句谓语动词不用sayto，而用ask代替。e.g.Wheredidyougolastnight?Pleasetellme.→Pleasetellme_____________________lastnight.Whoisinchargeofyourclass?Shesaystoyou.→She________you__________inchargeofyourclass.(III)注意点：（A）主句谓语动词如果是一般过去时，则宾语从句也要用相应的某种过去时。（a）IwillwatchTVtonight.Isaidtoyou.→I_______youthatI_______watchTVtonight.(b)Areyouoftenlateforschool?Shesaidtoyou.→She_____youifyou______oftenlateforschool.(c)Whatareyoudoing?Shewantedtoknow.→Shewantedtoknowwhat____________doing.(d)Wherehaveyourparentsbeen?Isaidtoyou.→I_______youwhereyourparents______been.(B)含有特殊疑问句做宾语从句的复合句可以转化成含有特殊疑问词+todo的简单句。e.g.Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.==Idon’tknowwhattodonext.Nowitisyourturn…1.Idon’tknowwhentoleaveforJapan.(句意不变)Idon’tknowwhen____________leaveforJapan.2.Thestudentsaskedwhentheywouldhavetheirholidays.(句意不变)Thestudentsasked___________havetheirholidays.()3.JohnaskedLinda_____theperformancesA.howshelikeB.howdoesshelikeC.howshelikedD.howdidshelike()4.Dadsaid_____heavilywhenhelefthomethismorning.A.itrainedB.ithadrainedC.itwasrainingD.itisraining()5.Marysaidthatshe______theGreatWallbefore.A.hasgonetoB.hadgonetoC.hasbeentoD.hadbeento()6.Wedon’tknowifthebuilding_____bytheendoflastmonth.A.wasbuiltB.builtC.hadbuiltD.hadbeenbuiltIV.宾语从句综合练习：（I）从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空：1.Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyou．A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome3.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended5.Iwanttoknow_________.A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves8.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare70\n9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings10.Ican'tunderstand_________.A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans（II）.按要求转换句型：1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?Couldyoutellus?（改写句子）Couldyoutellus_________Mr.Brown_________livinginChina?2."Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?”heaskedme.（变为复合句）Heaskedme_________thegirl_________anyhelp．3.Whendoesthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）Iwanttoknow_________thetrain_________.4.Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.(用not．．．until改写)They_________gohome_________theyhadfinishedtheirhomework．6.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)LiLeiwantstoknow_________Peter_________hereyesterday.第五讲直接引语和间接引语一、概念：（一）交际中,我们常常需要引述别人说的话，一字不差地直接引用别人的话，放在引号内，称作直接引语：Hesaid,“Iwillchooseabookformystudents.”（二）间接地引述别人的话称为间接引语：Hesaidthathewouldchooseabookforhisstudents.二、直接引语转化为间接引语的方法：（一）主句是一般过去时，直接引语转化为间接引语时，从句的时态应用相应的某种过去时：1．MrBlacksaid,“Ioftengetupearly.”→→MrBlacksaidthatheoftengotupearly.２．MrBlacksaid,“Iamreading.”→→MrBlacksaidthathewasreading.３．MrBlacksaid,“Ihavealreadydoneit.”→→MrBlacksaidthathehadalreadydoneit.４．MrBlacksaid,“Iwilldoitsoon.”→→MrBlacksaidthathewoulddoitsoon.５．MrBlacksaid,“Ididitjustnow.”→→MrBlacksaidthathehaddoneitjustthen.但是当直接引语是客观真理,直接引语转化为间接引语时，时态不变：Theteachersaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”→→Theteachersaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.当直接引语有表示过去的具体年份,直接引语转化为间接引语时，仍用一般过去时：Hesaid,“Thebridgewasbuiltin2009.”→→Hesaidthatthebridgewasbuiltin2009.（二）直接引语转化为间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和少量动词也要作相应变化：直接引语中间接引语中comegoheretherethisthatthesethosenowthentodaythatdaytonightthatnighttomorrowthenextdaynextweek/month…thenextweek/month...yesterdaythedaybeforelastweek/year…theweek/year…beforethreedays/twohours…agothreedays/twohours…before当地转述here不必改成there，come不必改成go，当天转述时间状语不必变化：A：Iwillcomeheretomorrow．B：Whatdidyousay?A：IsaidthatIwouldcomeheretomorrow．（三）直接引语转化为间接引语时，从句的人称有时也要作相应变化：“Iwillcomeheretoseeyou.”ThegirlsaidtoTom.→→ThegirltoldTomthatshewouldgotheretoseehim.（四）直接引语转化为间接引语时，从句的结构如下：70\n1．当直接引语是陈述句（肯定句和否定句）时，用that引导+陈述句，that可以省略，主句谓语不用sayto，而用tell代替：“Iwillcomeheretoseeyou.”ThegirlsaidtoTom.→→ThegirltoldTom(that)shewouldgotheretoseehim.２．当直接引语是一般疑问句时，用if/whether引导+陈述句，主句谓语不用say/sayto，而用wonder/ask代替：Hesaid,“Areyouamathsteacher,MrsSmith?”→→HeaskedMrsSmithif/whethershewasamathsteacher.３．当直接引语是选择疑问句时，用whether引导+陈述句+or…/ornot，主句谓语不用say/sayto，而用wonder/ask代替：Shesaid,“Isheleavingtodayortomorrow?”→→Shewonderedwhetherhewasleavingthatdayorthenextday.４．当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，特殊疑问词(词组)+陈述句语序，主句谓语不用say/sayto，而用wonder/ask代替：Hesaid,“Howmanystudentsarethereinthisschool,Tom?”→→HeaskedTomhowmanystudentstherewereinthatschool.5．当直接引语是祈使句时，谓语动词要根据不同的语气和人际关系，选用如下结构之一：beg/ask/tell/order+sb.+(not)todoTheteachersaid,“Stopwriting,children!”→→Theteachertoldthechildrentostopwriting.（五）某些特殊句型的结构变化：１．当直接引语为请求、劝告或建议的问句，并非询问某一事实是否属实，那么应用适当的结构把原意准确地转述：Hesaid,“Wouldyoudomeafavour?”→→Heaskedmetodohimafavour.Hesaid,“Whydon’tyouaskhimforhim?”→→Headvisedmetoaskhimforhelp.Hesaid,“Let’sgotoseehimafterschool,shallwe?”→→Hesuggestedgoingtoseehimafterschool.Hesaid,“ShallIcarrytheplatesforyou?”→→Heofferedtocarrytheplatesforme.2．感叹句转化为间接引语时可以改为say/remark+how/what引导的句子或that引导的句子：Hesaid,“HowhappyIamtoday!”→→Heremarkedhowhappyhewasthatday.→→Heremarkedthathewashappythatday.也可以用词组来表示：“Goodluck!”hesaidtome.→→Hewishedmegoodluck.“Help!”heshouted.→→Hecalledforhelp.“Fire!”hecried.→→Hewarnedusofthefire.三、直接引语转化为间接引语的练习：（一）将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He______methathe__________________wallet.3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He______methathe______methertheday______.6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He______me______Ihadseenhertheweek_______.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He______Jimthathe______sitthere10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhismother__________________foundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heaskedme____________knewwhereshe______.70\n13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.He______thechildren____________makingsomuchnoise.14.“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.Shetoldme___________________himthenews.15.“Areyouintestedinthis?”hesaid.He____________Iwasinterestdin______.（二）将所给直接引语变为间接引语：1．Hesaid:“I’veleftmybookinmyroom.”____________________________________________2．Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”____________________________________________3．ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”____________________________________________4．Sheasked,“IsthisbookyoursorMary’s,Jack?”____________________________________________5．Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit,Jones?”____________________________________________6．Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don’twasteyourtime.”__________________________________________________7．Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”____________________________________________8．Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”____________________________________________9．Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”____________________________________________10．Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”____________________________________________11．Hesaid,“Wearestillstudents.”____________________________________________12．Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978.____________________________________________13．Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967.”____________________________________________14．Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”____________________________________________15．Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.____________________________________________16．Mr.Greensaidtothem,“Janetoldmeallaboutherstorywhensheaskedforajob.”____________________________________________________________________17．Hesaid,“Weinsistedthatshestartimmediately.____________________________________________18．Shesaid,“Hedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.”____________________________________________19．Isaidtohim,“Ihavefinishedit.”____________________________________________20．Shesaidtous,“I’llcomeheretomorrow.”____________________________________________21．“Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?”theyoungmanasked._______________________________________________________________22．“Ihavegainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition,”thelittleboysaidhappily._______________________________________________________________________23．“Lighttravelsfasterthansound,”thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.__________________________________________________________________24．“Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening?”Maryaskedme.__________________________________________________________25．“Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?”theoldmanaskedmybrother.__________________________________________________________第六讲定语从句一、定语从句的概念：用做定语修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。Ilikethebook［thatIborrowedfromyouyesterday］verymuch.Theboy［whoisoftenlateforschool］isreallyverytiring.二、定语从句的特征：（一）定语从句放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。被修饰的名词或代词称作先行词。Ihavelostthewatch［whichwasgivenbymyparentsasmybirthdaypresentlastweek］.Thelady［whoisstandingbehindyou］isournewclassteacher.（二）定语从句由一定的连接词引导，称为关系代词(如：which，that，who，whom，whose)或关系副词（如：when，where，why）。关系代词或关系副词连接主句和从句，同时本身又在从句中充当某一成分，如：主语、宾语、定语或状语。e.g.TheflowerswhichIgrewinthegardenlastmonthwillbloomsoon.(宾语)Themanwhotelephonedmejustnowisawriter.(主语)三、定语从句的分类：（一）限制性定语从句：对先行词进行限制和确定，如果去掉，主句的意义就会变得不明确。限制性定语从句前后没有逗号。70\ne.g.Thisisashopthatsellspersonalcomputers.(主语)ThewatchthatIboughtyesterdayworkswell.(宾语)（二）非限制性定语从句：与先行词之间只有松散的关系，对先行词起说明、描绘的作用，如果去掉，不影响主句的意义。非限制性定语从句前后用逗号与主句分开。e.g.Shakespeare,whoseplaysarepopular,wasagreatwriter.(定语)Yourpaintings,whicheveryoneadmires,arereallybeautiful.(宾语)四、关系代词的选择：（一）充当主语的关系代词：1．关系代词在限制性定语从句中做主语：who用于指人，which用于指物，that既可以指人也可以指物：e.g.Anarchitectisapersonwho/thatdesignshousesandbuildings.(主语----人)Thebankwhich/thatwasopenedlastweekisaverymodernone.(主语----物)2．关系代词在非限制性定语从句中做主语：只能用who指人，which指物，不能用that：e.g.Theisland,whichisatthemouthoftheriver,isbeingdevelopedasascenicspot.(主语---物)Myson,whoisadoctor,isvisitingSwedennow.(主语----人)（二）充当宾语的关系代词：1．关系代词在限制性定语从句中做谓语的宾语，who/whom用于指人，which用于指物，that既可以指人也可以指物，在非正式文体中可以省略关系代词：e.g.Thesuit(which/that)thetailormadeformedoesn’tfitme.(宾语---物)Thegirl(who/whom/that)Icalledjustnowismysister.(宾语---人)2．关系代词在非限制性定语从句中做宾语：只能用who/whom指人，which指物，不能用that，也不能省略：e.g.Thetown,whichthousandsoftravellersvisiteveryyear,isknownforitsstonebridgesandsmallrivers.(宾语---物)MrBaker,who/whomtheteachersandstudentsrespect,hascompleted40yearsofteaching.（三）充当介词宾语的关系代词：1．关系代词在限制性和非限制性定语从句中做介词的宾语，即：介词+关系代词，whom用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that：e.g.Themanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.(介词宾语---人)MrsBlack,withwhomyoushookhandsjustnow,isourheadmaster.(介词宾语---人)Theroominwhichmyfamilyliveusedtobeaworkshop.(介词宾语---物)Thehouse,inwhichmyfamilylivenow,wasleftbymygrandfather.2．注意根据句子意思选择结构上需要、意义正确的介词：e.g.LastnightIhadadreaminwhichIbecameaNobelPrizewinner.(介词宾语---物)Mysister,withwhomIwenttotheconcertlastnight,willleavesoon.(介词宾语---人)ThepalacetowhichIoftenpayavisitwasbuiltinthe17thcentury.(介词宾语---物)Thestudents,mostofwhomarefromthenorth,arenotusedtotheweatherinShanghai.(介词宾语---人)Thewood,ofwhichthefurnitureismade,isveryhard.(介词宾语---物)3．在限制性定语从句中如果介词放在句末，关系代词仍可用who/whom，which或that，也可以省略：e.g.Thisisthebook(which/that)Italkedaboutyesterday.(介词宾语---物)Heistheteacher(who/whom/that)wearewaitingfor.如果定语从句谓语动词为介词动词，那么介词必须后置，不能与动词拆开置于关系代词之前：e.g.Heistheman(who/whom/that)weoftenlaughat.(介词宾语---人)（四）常用that作关系代词的几种情况：1．先行词前含有形容词最高级、序数词或only作修饰语：e.g.Thisisthebestfilmthathaseverbeenmade.(主语----物)Thefirstplace(that)wevisitedwastheGreatWall.(宾语----物)Theonlyfurniture(that)hehadintheroomwasabedandasmalldesk.(宾语----物)2．先行词为不定代词如all（指物），anything，nothing，little，much等：e.g.That’sall(that)Iwanttosay.(宾语----物)Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?(宾语----物)3．先行词为人和物的名词词组：e.g.Theytalkedofpersonandthings(that)theyrememberedintheschool.(宾语----人和物)4．先行词为特殊疑问词：(定语----人)e.g.WhothathasseentheTVfilmdoesn’tadmireit.注意：若先行词本身是that时，一般用which引导定语从句：What’sthatwhichwasmentionedatthemeetingyesterday?(主语----物)(五)充当名词修饰语的关系代词：１．在限制性定语从句中whose+名词作主语或宾语，在这个结构中whose对名词起限定特指作用：70\ne.g.Theherowhoseleftlegwaslostinthewariswelllookedafter.(定语----人)GrannyWang,whoseeldestsondiedintheearthquake,livesnexttomyhouse.(定语----人)２．whose+名词的先行词也可以是物或抽象名词，此时可以和ofwhich结构互换：e.g.Mapletreeswhoseleaveshadturnedredwereeverywhereonthehill.theleavesofwhichofwhichtheleaves３．在非限制性定语从句中ofwhich/whom常用于基数词或some，most，all，none，either，neither等词之后，而不用whose：Thesebooks,twoofwhichIhaveread,areinteresting.Theteachersspeakhighlyofthesetofworkbooks,allofwhichhavecomeout.Theaudience,mostofwhomwerecollegestudents,enjoyedtheconcert.(六)修饰整个主句的关系代词：１．在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词可以修饰前面整个主句：e.g.Theydidratherbadlyinthemathsexam,whichwasnotwhatIhadexpected.(主语----主句)２．as也可以做关系代词修饰整个主句，两者用法有时可以互换：Heisateacher,as/whichisclearfromhismanner.(主语----主句)Shewasfrightened,as/whichIcouldseefromhereyes.(宾语----主句)３．当定语从句中有know，report，announce等词时，必须用as：Asisreportedinthenewspaper,thecriminalhasbeencaught.Asisknowledgetoall,theChangjiangRiveristhelongestinChina.４．置于句首的关系代词,通常都是as，不能用which：Asweallknow，freshwaterisimportantontheearth.5．若先行词中有thesame，such作修饰语，通常用as作关系代词：Theystayedforthenightinthesameroomas/thattheyhadoncerented.(宾语----物)Heusedsuchwordsashecouldfindinthetexts.(宾语----物)五、关系副词when，where，why的用法：（一）when和where可以用于限制性和非限制性定语从句，why只能用于限制性定语从句。它们分别作时间地点和原因状语，其结构相当于介词+关系代词：Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichwefirstmet.(时间状语----物)Theyear2010,when/inwhichtheExpoisbeingheldinShanghai,willberememberedbyusallforever.(时间状语----物)Thecitywhere/inwhichIwasbornisonthenewrailwayline.(地点状语----物)ThecityofPisa,where/inwhichGalileomadehisfamousexperimentoffallingobjects,isnowatouristcity.(地点状语----物)Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichheleftthecompany.(原因状语----物)试比较：Iliketotakemyholidayinthemountain,whichisquietandbeautiful.(主语----物),wheretherearemanyplants.(地点状语----物)Wewillneverforgetthedaywhichwespenttogether.(宾语----物)when/onwhichweworked.(时间状语从句----物)Thatisthereasonwhichhegaveusforhisaction.(宾语----物)why/forwhichhedidthatthing.(原因状语----物)六、嵌入式定语从句：有一种定语从句，它既修饰先行词，同时又作为另一分句结构的宾语。这样，定语从句嵌入另一结构中，称为嵌入式定语从句：Sheisatopstudent,whotheysayhaswonfiveprizesinthemathscontest.(主语----人)句中whohaswonfiveprizesinthemathscontest作为定语从句修饰topstudent。whohaswonfiveprizesinthemathscontest又可视作theysay的宾语。theysay类似插入语，如果去掉，并不影响句子的完整。e.g.IhaveanideawhichI’msurewillinterestyou.(主语----物)Wewillhaveanewscienceteacher,whoIknowhasjustreturnedfromBritain.(主语----物)Wewerehappytoseethesingerwhoshesaidwaswell-knowninwesterncountries.(主语----人)TherearesomediseaseswhichIthinkarecausedbypollution.(主语----物)HereadapoemwhichwethoughtwaswrittenbyapoetintheQinDinasty.(主语----物)Iwasintroducedtoawriterwhomtheysaidmanyschoolstudentsadmired.(宾语----物)七、定语从句的练习：从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。　　1．Those_____notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed．　　A．learn　　B．who　　C．that　　D．wholearn　　2．Anyone_____thisopinionmayspeakout．70\n　　A．thatagainsts　　　B．thatagainst　　C．whoisagainst　D．whoareagainst　　3．MrSmithisoneoftheforeignexpertswho_____inChina．　　A．works　　　B．isworking　C．areworking　D．hasbeenworking　　4．Didn’tyouseetheman_____?　　A．Inoddedjustnow　B．whomInoddedjustnow　　C．Inoddedtohimjustnow　D．Inoddedtojustnow　　5．Haveyouseenthegirl_____?　　A．thatItold　　　B．Itoldyouof　C．whomItoldyou　　D．Itoldyouofhim　　6．Inthedarkstreet，therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp．　　A．that　　　B．who　C．fromwhom　　D．towhom　　7．Canyoulendmethenovel_____theotherday?　　A．thatyoutalked　B．youtalkedaboutit　C．whichyoutalkedwith　　D．youtalkedabout　　8．Thematter_____youwerearguingaboutlastnighthasbeensettled．　　A．that　　B．what　　C．why　　D．forwhich　　9．Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersons_____theyrememberedintheschool．　　A．which　　　B．that　　C．who　　D．whom　　10．Who_____hascommonsensewilldosuchathing?　　A．which　　B．who　　C．whom　　D．that　　11．Alltheapples_____felldownwereeatenbythepigs．　　A．that　　　B．those　　C．which　　　D．what　　12．I’lltellyou_____hetoldmelastweek．　　A．allwhich　　B．whatall　　C．thatall　　D．all　　13．Thisisthebiggestlaboratory_____wehaveeverbuiltinourschool．　　A．which　　B．what　　C．where　　D．/　　14．Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburn?　　A．that　　　B．/　　C．which　　　D．it　　15．Isthereanything_____toyou?　A．thatisbelongedB．thatbelongs　C．thatbelong　　D．whichbelongs　　16．Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone_____familywaspoor．　　A．that　　B．which　　C．who’s　　D．whose　　17．Pleasepassmethedictionary_____coverisblack．　　A．which　　　B．whichof　　C．its　　D．whose　　18．Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_____thepianowell．　　A．plays　　B．play　　C．playing　　D．areplaying　　19．Heaskedme_____Ineeded．　　A．that　　　B．which　　C．what　　D．/　　20．Thatscientist_____workissuccessfulhasbeenmadeamodelworker．　　A．which　　　B．who　　C．who’s　　D．whose　　21．Isthisthemuseum_____youvisitedtheotherday?　　A．that　　B．where　C．inwhich　　D．theone　　22．Isthismuseum_____someGermanfriendsvisitedlastWednesday?　　A．that　　B．where　　C．inwhich　　D．theone　　23．—Howdoyoulikethebook?—It’squitedifferentfrom_____Ireadlastmonth．　　A．that　　B．which　C．theone　　D．theonewhat　　24．Thetrain_____shewastravelingwaslate．　　A．which　　　B．where　　C．onwhich　　D．inthat　　25．Antarctic_____weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround．　　A．which　　B．where　　C．that　　D．aboutwhich　　26．It’sthethirdtime_____latethismonth．　　A．thatyouarrived　B．whenyouarrived　C．thatyou’vearrived　D．whenyou’vearrived　　27．Heoftenhelpsthestudents_____hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies．　　A．whom　　B．who　　C．when　　D．because　　28．Ihaveboughtthesamedress_____sheiswearing．　　A．as　　B．that　　C．which　　　D．than　　29．Heisnot_____afool_____．　　A．such/asheislookedB．such/ashelooksC．as/asheislooked　D．so/ashelooks　　30．Iwillhiretheman_____theysayisagoodEnglishspeaker．　　A．who　　B．what　　C．which　　D．whom　　31．Myfatherhasmademe_____Iam．70\n　　A．who　　B．which　　C．what　　D．that　　32．Heismyson，_____abettersondoesnotexist．　　A．but　　B．thanwho　　C．againstwhomD．thanwhom　　33．Wrestlingisasport_____youtrytogettheotherpersondownonthefloor．　　A．that　　B．where　　C．which　　D．inwhich　　34．Itwasinthelab_____wastakenchargeofbyProf．Harris_____theydidtheexperiment．　　A．which；that　　B．that；where　　C．whom；that　　D．which；where　　35．Yourshoesare_____．　　A．wheretheywere　B．theplaceyouputC．inthecornerthatyouput　D．therewheretheyare第七讲反意疑问句一、反意疑问句的结构：（一）前肯后否式：Jonesworksasatecher,doesn’the?Theyhavebeenthereforthreeyears,haven’tthey?（二）前否后肯式：Tomasisn’tbusytheseyears,ishe?二、反意疑问句的注意点：（一）如果反意疑问句的陈述部分含有否定意义的词如：fewlittleneverseldomhardlyrarelynothing等，附加疑问部分仍用肯定形式：Therewerefewcarsintheparking-lot,_____________?JonescanhardlyspeakChinese,______________?但若陈述部分含有否定前缀如：impossibleincorrectdishonestdislikeunknownunlikeunusualunhealthy等派生词，仍作为肯定结构，附加疑问部分用否定形式：Itisimpossibleforyoutofinishthehomeworktoday，_______________?（二）作为实义动词的haveneeddare，其反意疑问句附加疑问部分动词用do的相应形式：Theyhadagoodtimethatnight，______________?Joanoftenhascoldsinwinter,_____________?Janedoesn’tneedtostayupsolate,__________?Sheneednotstayupsolate,___________?Hedoesn’tdaretoleavealone,_____________?Hedaren’tleavealone,_______________?(三)陈述部分含haveto/hadto,附加疑问部分用助动词do/did；而havegotto，附加疑问部分用have的适当形式。Theyhavetowalkthere，_______________?Theyhavegottowalkthere,______________?(四)陈述部分含情态动词oughtto，附加疑问部分有两种形式：oughtn’t/shouldn’tTheyoughttobegivensomehelp，______________?Theyoughttobegivensomehelp，______________?(五)陈述部分含must表示“必须”，附加疑问部分用mustn’t：Hemustcopythetextagain，______________?但若陈述部分含must表示推测意义“必定”，则附加疑问部分应根据陈述部分不定式结构用相应的助动词或主动词：Shemustbesleepy,_____________?Hemusthavefinishedthejobalready,_____________?Theymusthavegonetherelastnight,______________?(六)陈述部分主语为不定代词someoneeveryone=everybodynobody=noone等，附加疑问部分人称通常用they，也可以用he：Everyoneknowstheboy，____________?Everyoneknowstheboy，____________?Noonewasfondofthatformofart,______________?Noonewasfondofthatformofart,______________?(七)主从复合句的反意疑问句附加疑问部分助动词和人称应和主句的人称和谓语动词保持一致：Itisthefirsttimethathehasbeenhere，____________?Yousaidhewouldn’tcome,_________________?Theybelievedthattheirconclusionwasright,____________?但是若宾语从句的主句是“I（We）think/suppose/believe”等表示说话人看法，那么反意疑问句的附加疑问部分的助动词和人称应和宾语从句一致，而肯定还是否定和主句相反：Ibelievetheyhaveknownaboutit，________________?70\nIdon’tthinkheiswrong,________________?(八)特殊句型：1.Iamanexcellentteacher,______________?2.Let’sgotheretogether,_______________?3.Letusgotheretogether,________________?4.Peasehelpmewithmymathsthisevening,______________?三、反意疑问句练习：(一).完成下列反意疑问句,一空一词:1.Wemustgoatonce,_______________?2.Myuncleusedtosmoke,______________?3.Shemustbeamusiclover,_______________?4.Youneedtohaveagooddictionary,_________________?5.Letusdothejobsourselves,______________?6.Thereusedtobeanoldstonebridgeacrosstheriver,________________?7.Pleaseturndowntheradio,_________________?8.Therewerefewpeoplethere,_________________?9.Ifanybodycomeshere,hewillbewelcome,________________?10.Youmusthaveseenheryesterday,________________?11.Ithinkheisright,________________?12.Idon’tthinkyou'reseriouslyill,________________?13.Idon’tsupposetheywillbebacksoon,________________?14.Don’tdosuchajob,________________?15.Youneedn’tdothatwhenyourdaughterishere,________________?16.Whatyouneedismorepractice,________________?17.Hesaysthatitisreallytrue,________________?18.Hedaredtoasktheteachermanyquestions,________________?19.Thatisanhonestgirl,________________?20.Tomhasn’tmuchtimetospare,________________?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(二)、下列句子都有三种译文,请把正确的选出来:21.皇帝是裸体的,对吗?A.Theemperorwasundressed,washe?　B.Theemperorwasdressed,wasn’the?C.Theemperorwasundressed,wasn’the?22.我今天晚上得工作到深夜,对不对?A.Ihadtoworklateintothenighttonight,don’tI?B.Ihavetoworklateintothenighttonight,haven’tI?C.Ihavetoworklateintothenighttonight,don’tI?23.他既不是工人也不是工程师,对吗?A.Heisneitheraworkernoranengineer,isn’the?　B.Heisneitheraworkernoranengineer,ishe?C.Heiseitheraworkeroranengineer,isn’the?24.我是你的一个好朋友,对不对?A.Iamafriend,aren’tI?　B.Iamyourgoodfriend,amInot?C.Iamoneofyourgoodfriends,aren’tI?25.什么事也不会使我向你屈服,对吗?A.Nothingcouldmakemegiveintoyou,couldit?B.Nothingcouldmakemetogiveintoyou,couldit?C.Notanythingcouldmakemegiveintoyou,couldn’tit?26.咱们一起去游泳,好吗?A.Letusgoswimmingtogether,shallwe?　B.Let'sgoswimmingtogether,willyou?C.Let'sgoswimmingtogether,shallwe?27.他们是否来关系不太大,是吗?A.Whethertheywillcomeornotdoesmattertoomuch,doesn’tit?B.Whethertheywillcomeornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch,doesit?C.Iftheywillcomeornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch,doesit?28.我们最好不要冒阵雨外出,对吗?A.We'dbetternottogooutintheshower,hadwe?　B.We'dbetternotgooutintheshower,didwe?C.We'dbetternotgooutintheshower,hadwe?29.这个女孩不敢独自回家,对吗?A.Thegirldidnotdaregohomealone,didshe?　B.Thegirldidnotdaregotohomealone,didshe?70\nC.Thegirldidnotdaretogohomealone,didshe?30.咱们现在做游戏,好吗?A.Letusplaygames,willyou?　B.Let'splaygames,shallwe?C.Let'splaythegame,maywe?第八讲感叹句一、感叹句的结构：1.What+a/an+(形容词)+单数可数名词+(主语+谓语)!Whataninterestingstoryitis!Whatasurprisethey’vegot!Whataday!It’srainingagain!2.What+(形容词)+复数可数名词+(主语+谓语)!Whatterriblemistakestheymadeyesterday!3.What+(形容词)+不可数名词+(主语+谓语)!Whatlovelyweatheritis!Whatfunitistoflykitesinthecontryside!4.How+形容词+主语+谓语!(谓语是联系动词)Howinterestingthestoryis!5.How+副词+主语+谓语!(谓语不是联系动词)Howslowlyheisrunning!6.How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!(谓语是联系动词)Howinterestingastoryitis!7.How+句子!HowImissmyparents!Howtimeflies!二、感叹句的练习：(一)把下列句子变为感叹句:1.Sherunsquickly.______________________________________________________________________________________________2.Itisanicetie.______________________________________________________________________________________________3.Thisstory-bookisveryinteresting.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Yourbellistooloud.___________________________________________________________________________________________5.Shedancessowell.____________________________________________________________________________________________(二)选词填空：（What/Whata/Whatan/How）1.____________nicegirlsheis!2.____________carefultheboyis!3._____________beautifulflowerstheyare!4._____________deliciousthefoodtastes!5._____________interestingfilmwewillsee!6._____________goodnewsitis!7._____________timeflies!(三)句型转换1.Thestudentsarelisteningtotheteachercarefully.(改为感叹句)__________________________________________2.Wehadagoodtimeinsummerholidays.(改为感叹句)_________________________________________________________________________3.Theriverislong.(改为感叹句，两种)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Hownicethefoodis!(改为同义句)_____________________________________5.Howwellheswims!(改为同义句，两种)____________________________________________________________________________________6.Whatstrongmentheyare！(改为同义句)_____________________________________(四)单项选择()1._______finetheweatheris!A.WhataB.WhatC.HowD.Howa()2._____________excitingfilmwesawyesterday!70\nA.WhataB.HowaC.HowanD.Whatan()3._______greatfuntheyhad!A.WhataB.WhatC.HowD.Howa()4._____heavyrainitwas!A.WhataB.WhatC.HowD.Howa()5.___________funplacetogoShanghaiis!A.WhataB.WhatC.HowD.Howa()6.______happylifetheoldlive!A.WhataB.WhatC.HowD.Howa()7.____________nicefishtheycooked!A.WhataB.WhatC.HowD.Howa()8._________bluetheskyis!A.WhataB.WhatC.HowD.Howa()9.____________dangeroustheanimalsare!A.WhataB.WhatC.HowD.Howa()10.____goodtimewearehaving!A.WhataB.WhatC.HowD.Howa第九讲冠词一、冠词的类型：冠词分为不定冠词(泛指):a,an和定冠词(特指):the。冠词在句中或名词前作定语：Thegirlismysister.Thereisagardenbehindmyhouse.二、冠词的用法：（一）不定冠词的基本用法：1.不定冠词a/an只能+可数名词单数：abookauniversityaninkbottle2.选择不定冠词a或an，不是按照冠词后的字母，而是按后面字母的读音是否元音来确定，元音用an；辅音用a：____usefulbook，____uniform，____UFO,_____university____hour，_____honestgirl，____unusualday,_____uncle（二）不定冠词的使用场合：1.泛指一个或一类人或物:Heisanhonestboy.Ahorserunsfasterthanasheep.2.说明某人或某物属于哪一类:Heusedtobeanengineer.Thisisastorybook.3.泛指某人或某物,但未具体说明何人何物:Aboyiswaitingforyou.Pleasegivemeapen.4.表示数量,有“one”的意思：Thereisabasketballundermydesk.5.用在价格、速度、比率等表示法中,相当于every/each:Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.6.用在姓氏前,表示某个:AMrBrownwantsyouonthephone.7.用于固定词组的搭配和习惯用语中:inahurry,haveagoodtime,haveabreak,haveaswim,Justaminute,haveawordwithsb.,takeawalk,inalowvoice,haveatalk,afterawhile,haveabadcold,alotof,Thanksalot.takeanactivepartin,It’sapleasure.(三)定冠词的基本用法：定冠词the相当于this/that/these/those，可以+不可数名词；也可以+可数名词的单复数形式：(四)定冠词的使用场合：1.用来再指上文中所出现过的名词：Ihaveacat.Thecatiswhite.2.用于谈话双方所共指的某人,某事或某物：Pleaseopenthedoor.Excuseme,whereisthebank?3.用于被形容词最高级、序数词、短语或句子所修饰而变得明确的名词前:TheNileisthelongestriverintheworld.Ourclassroomisonthefifthfloor.TheladyinblackisourEnglishteacher.Thegirlwhoisinredoverthereismydaughter.但是:ThisismyfirstvisittoShanghai.70\nTomishisworststudent.Sheaskedhimthequestionathirdtime.(又一次)forthethirdtime.(第三次)Themeetingismostimportant.(most=very)Themeetingisthemostimportant.(最重要)4.用于宇宙中独一无二的东西前：Thesunisfarbiggerthantheearth.但这样的名词前若有形容词修饰,也可用a/an:Afullmoonisbeinghunghighinthebrightsky.Howbeautifulitis!5.用于江河、湖泊、海洋、海峡、群岛、山脉等地理名词前:TheYangtzeRiverisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.TheDingshanLakeisn’tfarfromhere.TheEnglishChannelisbetweenFranceandBritain.6.用于表示方位的名词前：PudongisintheeastofShanghai.7.用于乐器名称前：Ipractiseplayingthepianoeveryday.8.用于普通名词构成的专有名词前：TheScienceMuseumisbesidethePeople’sSquare.9.用于专有名词开头的含有2个或以上普通名词的专有名词前:TheShanghaiRadioandTVToweriswell-knownallovertheworld.10.用于除球类运动之外的其它运动前:Iwilltakepartinthe400-metreraceandthediscus-throwingatthesportsmeetingtoday.11.定冠词the+姓+s常用于指“XXX一家人”或“XXX夫妇”，后面动词用复数。TheBrownsarewatchingthematchonTVnow.12.用于某些形容词前，表示一类人,用作复数：TheoldherearelookedafterwellbytheyounginChina.13.用于一些习惯用语中：inthemorning/afternoon/evening,intheend,bytheway,atthemoment,gotothebeach,attheageof,atthebeginning,ontheotherhand,tellthetruth,gotothecinema,thedayaftertomorrow,thedaybeforeyesterday,ontheradio(五).不用冠词的情况:1.学科名词前:Westudymaths,Chinese,Englishandsoon.2.日期、月份、星期、季节、节日前:December25thisChristmas.IwasborninJuly.March8thisWomen’sDay.但是中国的传统节日前用the:theSpringFestivaltheMid-autumnDaytheDragonBoatFestivaltheQingmingFestival3.在表示名次和街道的序数词前I’mfirstandMaryisthird.SheislivinginFifthStreet.4.在this,that,these,those,my,whose,some,any,every,each等词前:HewillcometoseemethiscomingSunday.5.在抽象名词和物质名词等不可数名词前:Snowiswhite.Paperismadefromwood.Welovescience.6.在一日三餐前:Whatdowehaveforbreakfast?7.在球类运动前:Weplayfootballafterschooleveryday.8.在人名,称呼,职务等前:WhatcanIdoforyou,Madam?We’llmakehimmonitorofourclass.9.在国名,地名,路名等前:TimisfromCanada.HenowlivesatFlat302,SixthStreet,NewYork,USA.10.表示一类人或物的复数名词前:Horsesrunfasterthandogs,don’tthey?11.在一些固定词组中athome,attable,atnight/noon/work,afterclass/school,bytrain/motorcycle/bus/underground/sea/ship/water/plane/air/lift/airmail/ordinarymail,forexample,gotoschool/town/sleep/bed/church,inhospital/prison,infact,intime,infrontof,introuble,inorderto,ontime,onfoot,takeplace,takepartin…三、冠词的练习：70\n（）1.Hegavemysister＿＿＿＿usefulbookyesterday.A.anB.aC./Dthe（）2.Mybrotheris＿＿＿＿honestboy，sohehasmanyfriends.A.aB.anC.theD/（）3.Morecollegegraduateswouldliketoworkin＿＿westpartofthecountryin＿＿future.A.the;theB./;/C./;theD.the;/（）4.Thereisabigtree＿＿＿＿thehouse.A.inthefrontofB.infrontofC.infrontD.inthefront（）5.Jimalwaysanswerstheteacher’squestions_______.A.inclassB.intheclassC.afterclassD.atclass()6.Thereis_____appleonthedesk.A.aB.theC.anD/()7.Thegirlunder____treeismysister.A.aB.theC.anD/()8.Maryisfrom_____Japan.A.aB.theC.anD/()9.Hemet_____friendofhisontheroad.A.aB.theC.anD/()10.MrBlackwillgobacktoEngland______.A.byairB.byaplaneC.bytrainsD.atatrain()11.YesterdayIwentto＿＿＿＿workon＿＿＿＿foot.A./，/B/，theC.the，/D.the，the()12.Thereis_______“h”intheword“hour”，but_______“h”doesn’tmakeasound.A.a，aB.atheC.an，anD.an,the()13.I’mgoingtoseemymother.Sheisill____.A.inhospitalB.inthehospitalC.inahospitalD.atahospital()14.Wehavethreemeals___day.Wehave____breakfastat6：30in____morningeveryday.A.the，the，theB.the，/theC.a，/，theD.a，the，the()15.——Thisis____filmI’vetoldyouaboutseveraltimes.——It’sgreat.I’veneverseen___moremovingone.A.a，aB.the，theC.the，aD.a，the()16.Tina，couldyoupleaseplay_____pianoformewhileI’msinging？A.aB.anC.theD./()17.——What’sthematterwithyou？——Icaught_______badcoldandhadtostayin________bed.　A.a;/B.a;theC.a;aD.the;the()18.________sunisshiningbrightly.A.AB.AnC.TheD./()19.Swimmingis________insummer.A.agreatfunB.greatfunC.greatfunsD.greatafun( )20.Thereis____“s”in____word“bus”.　　A.a;a B.an;the C.a;the D.an;a( )21.Mathsis___usefulsubject.Youcan’tdropit,Ithink.　　A.an    B.a      C.the   D./( )22.____badweatheritis!　　A.How  B.Whata  C.HowaD.What( )23.—Whatcoloris___orange?　　—It’s_____orange.　　A.an;an  B.an;the  C.an;/ D./;an( )24.Mr.Liis____oldworker.　　A.an     B.a      C.some D./第十讲数词一、数词的类型：（一）基数词：指有多少+复数名词，（除one之外）onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelvethirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteentwentytwenty-one…thirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninetyonehundredtwothousandthreemillionfourbillion…（二）序数词：指第几个+单数名词70\nfirstsecondthirdfiftheighthninthtwelfthtwenty---ninety之间的变y为i+eth(twentieth…)，其它全部在词尾+th（fourthsixthtentheleventhtwenty-seventh…）（三）分数：1.分子为一的分数：1/2ahalf（onehalf）1/3one-third1/4aquarter(onequarterone-fourth)1/5one-fifth1/6one-sixth…2.分子大于一的分数：2/3two-thirds3/4threequarters(three-fourths)5/9five-ninths…总结：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子和分母之间一般+连线；分子大于一，分母加s.（四）小数：小数点读作point，小数点后面的数字要一位一位单独念3.626-------threepointsixtwosix（五）百分数：百分之读作percent58%------fifty-eightpercent二、数词的使用要点：（一）十位数和个位数之间+连线：94-----ninety-four78----seventy-eight（二）百位数和十位数之间+and：294-----twohundredandninety-four（三）百位数和个位数之间无十位数，仍+and：504---fivehundredandfour（四）英语数字以3位为一节，用逗号分开：4,30584,671235,9126,234,97834,985,241312,976,5463,946,285,109（五）课次、房间、班级、年级、电视频道、页码、车号等的表达：LessonThree=theThirdLessonRoom305ClassSixGradeNinepage19Channel8No.46bus（六）日期的表达：七月3日------July3/July3rd读作July(the)third=3July/3rdJuly读作thethirdofJuly1993年----读作nineteenninety-three2010年---读作twothousandandten（七）电话号码：Tel：62800345读作telephonenumbersixtwoeightzerozerothreefourfive00可读作doublezero/doubleo/zerozero/oo（八）数词和其它词构成复合形容词，只能做定语+名词：fiveten-centstampsaneighteen-year-oldgirlathree-foot-deepholeaninety-metre-widerivertwosixty-jiaorubbersafour-metre-longsnake（九）注意“前有，后无；前无，后有”原则：即如果hundred、thousand、million前有数字时，hundred、thousand、million后面不能加s；否则+s表示“许许多多”：twohundredbookshundredsofbookstwohundredofthebooksmorethan=over/about/lessthan+具体数量：aboutthreethousandstudents（十）“在某人几十几岁时”用inone’s+整十的复数如：inherfifties,intheirthirties（十一）表示“多高、多宽、多长、多深，年龄大小、距离多远”时，用“数量+单位+形容词”如：twomonthsold,twentymetersdeep（十二）half的运用：1.0.5的表达：半小时---halfanhour半公斤---halfakilo半公里---halfakilometre半个月---halfamonth2.1.5的表达：一个半小时---oneandahalfhours/anhourandahalf两点五米---twoandahalfmetres/twometresandahalf（十三）钟点表达法：1.英国方式：（1）整点：钟点数+o’clock6:00----sixo’clock(o’clock可以省略)（2）1---30分：分+past+时6:05---fivepastsix7:29---twenty-ninepastseven（3）15分用aquarter30分用half4:15---aquarterpastfour3:30---halfpastthree（4）31---59分：60减分+to+下一时：2:50---tentothree5:35---twenty-fivetosix（5）45分仍用aquarter：6:45---aquartertoseven2.美国方式：时+分1:05---onefive2:15---twofifteen3:30---threethirty4:45---fourforty-five4:50---fourfifty(十四)数词相关练习()1.We’veplanted_______treesinthecenterofourcitythisyear.A. hundredB.twohundredsC.hundredofD.hundredsof()2.About______filmswereshownduringthe5thShanghaiInternationalFilmFestival.A.twohundredofB.twohundredsofC.twohundredD.twohundreds70\n()3.We’llhavea______holiday.WhataboutgoingtotheWestLake?A.twodaysB.two-dayC.two-daysD.two-days’()4.Nowchildren,turntopage______andlookatthe_____pictureinLessonTwo.A.twentieth;oneB.twenty;oneC.twentieth;firstD.twenty;first()5.Duringtheseven-dayMayDayholiday,_____familieswentsightseeing.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandsandthousandsD.thousandsof()6.DuringWorldWarII,aJewish(犹太人)ladywasprotectedbyalocalfamilyinShanghaiinher________.A.fiftiesB.fiftyC.fiftiethD.thefiftieth()7.Peoplelivedahardlife________. A.intheforty           B.intheforties     C.inforty        D.onforties()8. ______oftheroom______empty. A.Two-third,are         B.Two-thirds,are  C.Two-third,is    D.Two-thirds,is()9.333is______. A.threehundredsandthirtythree                B.threehundredandthirtyandthree C.threehundredandthirty-three                D.threehundredsthirtythird()10.“E”isthe______letteroftheEnglishalphabet. A.five                        B.first                  C.fifth                D.second()11.Tomlivesin_____building. A.aeight-story      B.aneight-storeysC.aneight-storey   D.aneighth-storey()12.Idon'tbelievethat______candrawsowell. A.aeightyearoldgirl                                   B.agirlofeightyear C.agirlofeight                                            D.aneightyearsoldgirl()13.Whenshewasin_____ ,shegotmarried. A.hertwentieth           B.hertwenties    C.thetwenties           D.thetwentieth()14.Thirty-four________threeisahundredandtwo. A.times                     B.time                   C.timedby             D.timesby()15.---Whatdateisittoday?---_______________A.Julytwentieth-first    B.ofJulytwenty-first C.thetwenty-firstofJuly  D.thetwentieth-firstofJuly()16.Seventy-seven______ thirty-fiveisforty-two. A.minusby            B.minus                       C.plus                 D.minusto()17.FlightnineteenfromNewYorkandWashingtonisnowarrivingat______. A.GateTwo            B.thegatetwo           C.thetwogate         D.secondgate()18.Heissomewhere__________. A.in50yearsold      B.inhisfifties            C.infiftyyears        D.inthefifty()19.Ittookthem________tofinishthework. A.oneandahalfhours  B.oneandahalfhourC.anhourandahalfhours      D.oneandhalfhour()20.Sixty-four________eightiseight. A.divideby                 B.divided               C.dividingby            D.dividedby()21.Thisisthe______bookIhaveread. A.nineth                      B.nineteen                 C.ninth                   D.nintieth()22.Tomhasspentalarge______ofmoneyonhisnewhouse. A.piece                       B.number                  C.amount                  D.deal()23.Thepriceofthattypeofcomputerhasbeenreduced________. A.on15percent         B.bypercentof15 C.by15percent              D.by15percents()24.Thereare________ofvisitorstoKunming. A.tensofthousands   B.abouttenofthousandsC.aboutthreethousands        D.aboutthreethousand()25.Tomwasborn________. A.inthelatesixtys   B.onthelatesixty C.inthelatesixties         D.inlatesixties()26.---Whattimeisitnow?---It's______. A.aquarterpasthalf  B.foureighteen  C.fivepastforty-two      D.forty-twotofive()27.Theyhaveproduced________grainthisyearastheydidin1997. A.twiceasmuch      B.astwicemuch C.twiceasmany       D.astwicemany()28.Theriveris__________. A.widefivety-fivemeter                                B.fivety-fivemeterwide C.widefifty-fivemeters                                 D.fifty-fivemeterswide70\n()29.Afterthe________riding,wehavecovered_________ofthewholedistance. A.four-hour,three-fourths                            B.four-hour,three-fourth C.four-hours,three-fourths                           D.four-hours,three-fourthes()30.Thesunis93_________ awayfromtheearth. A.millionmiles         B.millionsmiles C.millionsmile             D.millionmilesbeing()31.________,Edisonbeganexperimentingwithsomethingwhichhehadmadehimself. A.OnAugust12,1877  B.InAugust12,1877 C.At12August,1877  D.In1877,August,12 第十一讲名词一、名词的定义：表示某样东西、某个人、某种物体的名字的词叫名词。(story,Mike,book…)二、名词的功能：名词在句中主要作主语、表语或宾语；也可作宾语补足语、同位语、定语或状语。1.Myfatherworksinahospital.（主语介词的宾语）2.Johnismycousin.（主语表语）3.Hegaveabooktome.（宾语）4.Mary,hissisterisinAmerica.（主语主语同位语介词的宾语）5.Thebusdriverworksveryhard.（定语主语）三、名词的分类（一）专有名词和普通名词1.专有名词：GrandmaShanghaiMarchChinatheSummerPalace…2.普通名词：mygrandmaourcitythismonththegreatcountryanancientpalace（二）可数名词和不可数名词1.可数名词有单复数之分amagazine—magazines，anuncle—uncles，auniversity—universities，anhour--hours2.不可数名词：waterteamilkoilinkheatsteamrainsnowricebreadfoodjuicemeatsugarpapercottonwoodlitterglassmedicinewindweatherworkhomeworkhouseworkmoneytimenewsinformationadviceknowledgemusicprogressfunEnglishFrenchGermanChineserecreationpollutionflournoisesmoketruthlightdrinkairironsaucematterhair3.既作可数名词又作不可数名词的名词：Givemeapieceofpaper.(纸)Hehasfinishedtwopapersinthisfieldrecently.(论文)Haveyoureadtoday’spaperyet?(报纸)Theregoesthebell.It’stimetohandinyourpapers,children!(考卷)Didyoudoyourpaperlastnight?(书面作业)Thefishisdelicious.(鱼肉)Therearethreefishinthejar.(不分类---三条鱼)Thetwofishesareverydifferentt.(分类---两种鱼)Don’tthrowtheglassonthegrass.(玻璃)Pleasebringtwoglassesofwatertous.(玻璃杯)Thereisapairofglassesonthedesk.(眼镜)Don’tplaywithfire.It’sdangerous.(火)Abigfirebrokeouttherethreemonthsago.(火灾)Theyaresittingaroundafiretowarmthemselves.(火炉/篝火)Timeislimited.Weshouldmakefulluseofit.(时间)Ihavebeentherethreetimes.(次数)Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.(光)Pleaseturnoffthelightswhenyouleavetheroom.(灯)Icehereisashardasastone.(冰)Buymeanice,please.(冰淇淋)Hehasafewwhitehairs.Hishairiswhite.I’mpleasedwithyourservice.(服务)TaxiservicesaredevelopingquicklytheseyearsinChina.(服务业)Ilikefruit.(总称)Ilikeapples,orangesandotherfruits.(分类)四、不可数名词的数量表达：（一）形容词+名词：70\nsomeadvicemuchcoffeealittlemoneylotsofhomeworkabitoftimehugeamountsofinformation,此时用作单数：There________(be)lotsofnewsintoday’snewspaper.（二）量词+名词：abottleofwater/twobottlesofwater，apieceofnews(paper,wood,bread)，aloafofbread…动词数的概念由量词决定：Twocupsoftea______(be)onthetable.五、可数名词复数形式的构成：（一）特殊情况：man----menwoman----womenFrenchman---FrenchmenEnglishman---Englishmenpoliceman---policemenpolicewoman---policewomenpostman---postmenfireman---firemengentleman---gentlemenfisherman---fishermendustman---dustmenfoot---feettooth---teethgoose----geesemouse---micechild---childrensheep---sheepChinese---ChineseJapanese---JapaneseSwiss---Swiss　series---seriesfish---fish（不分类）---fishes（分类）（二）只有复数的名词：clothesglassespeoplepolicetrousersjeanssissiors（三）规则名词复数+s，方法如下：1.一般+s：coinsmonthsmouthshumansGermansRomansWalkmans…2.s,x,sh,ch结尾的+es：classesboxesbrusheswatcheschurches3.元音字母+y结尾的+s：boystoyskeysplays…4.辅音字母+y结尾的，去y+ies：ladiesstudiesfamiliesfactoriescitiesbabies…5.f或fe结尾的，去f或fe+ves：thief---thieveswolf---wolvesleaf---leavesshelf---shelveslife---liveswife---wivesknife---knivesscarf---scarfs/scarves…6.o结尾的：tomatoespotatoesheroeszoosvideosradiosphotospianoskilosUFOs六、可数名词的数量表达：（一）数词+名词：twobooks365days…（二）形容词+名词：somedesksmanychildrenafewboxes…（三）量词+名词：abasketofeggstwopairsofglassesacoupleofdays…动词数的概念由量词决定：There_______(be)apairofjeansonthedesk.There_______(be)agroupofsheepinthefield.(agroupof=many)另：可同时修饰可数名词及不可数名词的词和词组：somework/computers，alotofnews/reporters，lotsofmilk/bananas,plentyofmilk/books,enoughfood/rooms只能修饰可数名词的词和词组：a(large)numberofteachersmanycomputersquiteafewphones(a)fewmistakes只能修饰不可数名词的词和词组：(a)littletimehuge(large/great)amountsofwater=ahuge(large/great)amountofwatermuchhouseworkagreatdealofrubbishquitealittletea可数名词不可数名词可数和不可数名词few/afewlittle/alittlesomemany/quiteafewmuch/quitealittlealotof/lotsofagreatnumberofahugeamountof/amountsofplentyofagreatdealof七、作定语的名词的单复数：amandoctor----twomendoctorsawomanteacher---threewomenteachersaboystudent---fourboystudentsashoefactory---fiveshoefactoriesabirthdaycard---sixbirthdaycardsastorybook---sevenstorybooks八、抽象名词是不可数名词，但是具体化时可以有复数形式：Hehasmuchdifficultyinfindingthehouse.70\nWemustdoourbesttoovercomethesedifficulties.Weshoulddomoreexerciseinthemorning.Wemustfinishtheexercisesbeforewegohome.九、特殊词组中，不可数名词可以与a/an连用，表示“一次/一份”：havearesttakeawalkHaveagoodtime.It’sapleasure.十、enemyfamilyclassteamgroupaudience是集合名词,既可用作单数又可用作复数：Hisfamily_____________(be)verylarge.Hisfamily_____________(be)allwell.Ourteam_____________(win)Ourteam_____________(have)bathnow.Theenemyarecoming.=Theenemyiscoming.(很多)Theenemyiscoming.Imustfightagainsthim.(一个)十一、名词的所有格：(一）有生命的名词所有格，以’s构成所有格：Alice’sbirthday，Children’sDay…名词是s结尾的+’：theteachers’office，theboss’son…共同拥有的：MaryandTony’sfather，各自拥有的：Tom’sandTim’sfathers表示时间、距离、量度、价值、天体、国家、城市、地区等名词NewYear’sDay，today’snews，China’schina，twentyminutes’walk(二）无生命的名词所有格,一般以of构成的所有格：apictureofmyfamily，thelegsofthetable，thefrontgateoftheCityHall(三)of和‘s合用表示双重所有格：afriendofKitty’s，oneoftheactresses’friends(四)aphotoofMrLi___________________________aphotoofMrLi’s___________________________(五)名词所有格后面表示地点的名词可以省略：gotothedoctor’s(clinic)gotohisuncle’s(home)(六)toaboutforwith也可表示所有关系：theanswertothequestionthekeytothedoortheticketfortheconcertthemedicineformycoldthemoneyfortheradioagirlwithlonghairacountrywithalonghistory十二、Choosethebestanswer.()1.Theywantthree_______.A.loafbreadB.loafofbreadC.loavesbreadD.loavesofbread()2.____thatpairofnew____expensive?A.Is;shoeB.Are;shoeC.Is;shoesD.Are;shoes()3.Therearemany____inthefridge.A.foodB.fruitC.eggsD.bread()4.Thereisonlyalittle____inthefridge.That’snotenoughforbreakfast.A.cakesB.breadC.eggsD.biscuits()5.Theygotmuch____fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.informationD.stories()6.I’veread____sportsnewsabouttheF1racetoday.A.twoB.piecesC.twopiecesD.twopiecesof()7.Mr.Linoftengivesus____bye-mail.A.somegoodinformationB.somegoodinformationsC.goodinformationsD.agoodinformation()8.Linda,I’veboughtmany____.Nowlet’smakethebirthdaycake.A.fresheggsB.chocolatemilkC.frozenfoodD.ricedumplings()9.Appleisa_________word.A.five-letter        B.five-letters      C.fives-letters    D.fiveletters              ()10.Allthe ______inthehospitalgotariseyesterday.  A.womendoctors    B.womandoctors  C.womendoctor  D.womandoctor ()11.Aftertenyears,allthoseyoungstersbecame______.  A.growns-up        B.growns-up      C.grown-up      D.grown-ups              ()12.Sheusedtohavethree ______.A.boysfriends        B.boysfriend      C.boyfriends    D.boyfriend               ()13.Histrousers ______inhissuitcase.70\nA.isalwayskept    B.arekeptalways  C.arealwayskept  D.havealwaysbeen   ()14.Theyoungcouplebought______fortheirlivingroom.    A.somenewfurniture  B.somenewfurnituresC.manynewfurniture    D.manynewfurnitures()15.Mathematics________easytolearn.A.is              B.are                C.can            D.feels                  ()16.Thewindowsofhisofficebuilding________veryclean.A.are              B.is                C.hasbeen        D.do                  ()17.Ihadmyhaircutatthe________aroundthecorner.A.barber          B.barbers            C.barber’s          D.barbers’              ()18.Thewomanoverthereis_______.   A.JuliaandMarymother                B.JuliaandMary’smotherC.Julia’sandMary’smother              D.Julia’sandMarymother                      ()19.OnlylastmonthIcalledat______.A.myuncle        B.myuncle’s        C.myuncles        D.mineuncle            ()20.Thestudentsmustfinishthetestin______.    A.threequartersofanhourtime        B.threequarter’sofanhourtimeC.threequartersofanhour’stime        D.threequarters’ofanhour’stime                 ()21.Hisarticleisbetterthan________intheclass.    A.anyone’selse      B.anyoneelse    C.anyone’selse’s    D.anyoneelse’s            ()22.Heisverytired.Heneeds________.A.anightrest        B.restofanight    C.arestnight      D.anight’srest             ()23. _________iscoveredwithheavysnow.    A.Theearth’ssurface    B.Thesurfaceofearth  C.Thesurfaceearth      D.Theearthsurface()24.Thereareforty______inourschool.A.womenteachersB.teacherwomenC.womanteachersD.womenteacher()25.Mr.Liisoneof______inthehospital.A.mostpopulardoctorsB.themostpopulardoctorsC.mostpopulardoctorD.themostpopulardoctor()26.Thesign"NOPHOTOS"meansthatyoucan't______.A.takepicturesB.bringinpicturesC.buyanyphotosD.sellanyphotos()27.Someoftheboysin______areafraidofmathsexams.A.ClassThreeB.theClassThreeC.ThreeClassD.theThreeClass()28.Haveyougotany______forusthistime?A.piecesofmessageB.pieceofmessagesC.piecesofmessagesD.messages()29.______,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees.A.InafewyearstimeB.AfterafewyearstimeC.Inafewyears’timeD.Afterafewyearstime()30.Look!Thereare______starsupthereinthe______.A.thousandsof;skyB.thousandsof;airC.thousandof;skyD.thousandof;air()31.Myfatherlivedin______fortenyears.A.cityBeijingB.theBeijingcityC.BeijingofcityD.thecityofBeijing()32.Justfromthe______Iknowit'sLiuMinjun.A.noiseB.voiceC.soundD.sing()33.—Wherearetheothertwostudents?—They'rein______.A.teacher'sofficeB.teachers'officeC.theteacherofficeD.theteachers'office()34.—Howmany______willyouhavenextterm?—Letmesee.We'llhaveeight.A.lessonB.subjectsC.daysD.class()35.Myuncle'sfullnameisDavidEdwardHartpode.Hisfamilynameis______.A.EdwardB.HartpodeC.DavidD.DavidHartpode()36.Hewritesmorecarefullythan______inhisclass.A.anystudentB.anyotherstudentC.anyotherstudentsD.allstudents()37.Thisnewkind______candohalfthework.A.oftractorB.tractorC.ofatractorD.atractor()38.Johnisveryhappytohavea______training.A.twoweeksB.two-monthC.two-weeksD.two-months()39.Mybrotherisalwayscareless.Healwaysmakes____A.mistakesB.mistakeC.mistookD.somemistake()40.Mr.Greenisnearly______.A.twometreshighB.twometrestallC.hightwometresD.talltwometres()41.Mr.Smithisan______.70\nA.EnglishB.EnglishmanC.EnglishmanD.Englishmen()42.Agroupof______aretalkingwithtwo______.A.Frenchmen;GermansB.Frenchmen;GermenC.German;FrenchmenDGermans;Frenchmans十三、Fillintheblanks1.Abus______(drive)isresponsibleforthesafetyofhispassengers.2.WangHai,comeandmeetMr.Li,________(manage)ofthehotel.3.Wasthefirstwatchmadein________(German)?4.I’mfrom_______(Chinese).5.Arethereanytaxi________(serve)inthesmalltown?6._______(healthy)ismoreimportanttomethanmoney.7.Morepeoplearegettingtoknowthe_________(important)ofenvironmentalprotection.8.Somefamous________(science)aregoingtogivelecturesinouruniversityinAugust.9.Patrickisgoingtobea/an________(engine)whenhegrowsup.10.Themostfamous___________(amusing)parkintheworldisDisneyland.11.It’sa________(pleased)tohaveapicnicwithallthefamilymembers.12.Mr.Chenwassurprisedtoseethefast______(develop)inShanghaiafterhislongabsencefromthecity.13.FengAi’sloveand_________(kind)willalwaysberememberedbyherstudentsandtheirparentsinYunnan.第十二讲代词一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词：(一)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的形式：FillinthetableofPronoun.PersonalPronounPossessivePronounReflexivePronoun主格宾格形容词性名词性(二)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法：1.人称代词的用法：主格充当主语；宾格充当动词或介词的宾语Pleasewaitforme.Passhimthebook,please!Sheworksveryhard.2.物主代词的用法：形容词性+名词；名词性不能加名词Heisoneofmygoodfriends.Ourclassroomisasbigastheirs.3.反身代词的用法：(1)用于某些结构中：Helpyourself/yourselvestosomemeat,please!enjoyoneself=haveagoodtimebyoneselfleaveonebyoneselfMakeyourself/yourselvesathome.(2)用作动词或介词的宾语：IteachmyselfEnglishinthemorning.=IteachEnglishtomyself.Iboughtapenformyselfyesterday.=Iboughtmyselfapenyesterday.(3)用作同位语，起强调作用：Thegirl,herself,telephonedherteacherjustnow.4.注意点：(1)口语中，“我”常用宾格代替主格：----Ilikemusic.----SodoI.=Metoo.----Whoisit?----It’sme.(2)几个人称并列时，I最后，we最前；第二人称在第三人称的前面；he在she之前：youandIyouandhesheandIheandsheyou,heandIweandtheyweandyouyouandtheywe,youandtheyHeinvited________________(and,Billy,you,I)tohisbirthdaypartyyesterday.(3)it的几种用法：70\nA.it指代无生命的东西：Thereisabookonthedesk.It’sTom’s.B.it指代婴儿：Shegotababylastnightanditweighedtenpounds.C.it用来表示时间、距离或自然现象：It’sthreeo’clocknow.Howfarisitfromheretothepark?It’scloudytoday.D.it用作形式主语：TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.=ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.ToreadEnglisheverydaytakesmetwohours.=IttakesmetwohourstoreadEnglisheveryday.E.it用作形式宾语：WefinditimportanttolearnEnglishwell.=WefindtolearnEnglishwellimportant.(不常用)=WefindthatitisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.(三)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的练习：I.Fillintheblankwiththeproperformofthewords.1.Iheard________camefromAmerica.(they)2.Ioftenhear_________readEnglish.(he)3.Allof__________arefromSwitzerland.(they)4.Mumlikesmybrotherand_________.(I)5.__________classroomisbiggerthan_________.(we,you)6.Theydoallthework_____________.(they)7.Help____________tosomecakes,everybody.(you)8.Heintroduced_____________tousall.(he)9.Isawitwith______________eyes.Isawit__________.(myown,myself)II:Choosethebestanswer.()1.A:________pencil-boxisthis,Patrick?B:It’s___________.A.Whose…mineB.Who’s…mineC.Whose…myD.Who’s…my()2.Thetwinscorrectedthemistakesonthetestpapers__________.A.themB.themselvesC.himD.himself()3.MissBrownwillteach_________Englishnextterm.A.usB.weC.ourD.ours()4.ThedoctorsandnursesaredoingtheirbesttofightSARS.Theythinkmoreofothersthan___________.A.theyB.themC.themselvesD.theirs()5.WhenYangLiweicamebackfromspace,manyreportersinterviewed__________andgotsomefirst-handinformation.A.heB.himC.hisD.himself()6.ZhangYiningis________favouritetabletennisplayer.A.IB.meC.myD.mine()7.Pleasekeeptheparkcleanwhenyouenjoy_________there.A.yourB.youC.yoursD.yourselves二、指示代词：(DemonstrativePronoun)thisthatthesethose1.This/ThatisaWalkman,___________________?2.These/Thosearefish,_____________________?3.Thestudentsinourclassarestrongerthan__________inyours.(=thestudents)4.Thewaterinthisriveriscleanerthan__________inthatriver.(=thewater)三、不定代词：（IndefinitePronoun）(一)afew,few,alittle,little,some,any,no,many,much,alotof,lotsof,alot：1.few/afew+名词复数；little/alittle+不可数名词；afew/alittle=some；few/little几乎没有（隐性否定）：Youhavelittlemilkeverymorning,doyou?此外little=small,但little具有“感情色彩”；而small仅指形体小：alittleboy=alovelyboyHehasnothingtoeat，soheissosmall.(a)few也可用作名词性代词：（a）fewof+名词复数2.some“一些”，用于肯定句和肯定回答及征求意见或客气请求的疑问句中；作形代时+名复/不名，作名代时，有：someof+名复/不名；someday有朝一日。Thereissometeainthecup.Therearesomeorangesonthedesk.Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?Someofusareteachers.Welikesomeofthemilk.Mydreamwillcometruesomeday.any“一些”，用于否定句、否定回答和一般疑问句中；作形代时+名复/不名，作名代时，有：anyof+名复/不名；“任何”，用于肯定句和肯定回答+可数名词单数或anyofthe+名复。70\nDoyouhaveanysisters？Doesshehaveanywaterinthebottle？Thereisn’tanyworktodotoday.Anyofthestudentscancometoaskmeforhelp.Igottoschoolearlierthananyotherstudentinmyclass.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsinclass,youcanaskmeforhelp.(if条件句中any可以+名复)3.no=nota/an/anyIhavenosisters.=Idon’thaveanysisters.There’snoairorwateronthemoon.=Thereisn’tanyairorwateronthemoon.4.many+名复=quiteafew=alotof=lotsof=agreatnumberof=plentyof；much+不名=alotof=lotsof=agreatdealof=hugeamountsof=plentyof；much还可做副词=alot；alotof/lotsof不能用于否定句和疑问句中。(1)--DoyouknowanyEnglish?--Yes,butonly__________________.(2)Wouldyougiveme_________ink?(3)MayIaskyou__________questions?(4)Whynotbuy___________flowers?(5)Thereisonly/still___________milkinit.(6)Thereare_________eggsinthehouse.We’dbetterbuysome.(7)Isthere__________rainhere?(8)Onecigarettewon’tmatter___________.(9)Ifyouwanttoget______help,youmaycallus.(二)both,either,neither,all,each,every,none1.both,either,neither指两者；all,each,every,none指三者或以上。2.both,all用作复数，作形容词性时+名复；作名词性时有词组：bothofthe+名复，allofthe+名复，用作复数。3.neither,none用于否定，none只用作名词性：noneofthe+名词复数，此结构单复数均可；neither既可用于形代+名单，也可用于名代，neitherofthe+名词复数，作单数4.either两者中任意一个，既可用于形代+名单，也可用于名代，eitherofthe+名词复数，作单数5.bothAandB+(谓语动词用复数)：BothTomandJackaregoingtofurthertheirstudiesinJapaninthefuture.neitherAnorB+(谓语动词跟B)：NeitherJanenorIamfreetoday.eitherAorB+(谓语动词跟B)：EitheryouorIambusyeveryday.notonlyAbut(also)B+(谓语动词跟B)：NotonlyyoubutalsoIamhappyinsuchfineweather.AaswellasB+(谓语动词跟A)：TomaswellasyoustudiesEnglishveryhardeveryday.6.either还用作副词，“也”，肯定句用too/also,too放句末,also放句中：Yourareateacher.I’mateacher,too.=I’malsoateacher.=SoamI.Youraren’tateacher.I’mnotateacher,either.=NeitheramI.(三)anotherotherotherstheothertheothers/therest：1.another泛指“另一个”，作形代时+可数名词单数，或有具体数量的名词复数：anotherboyanother10boys=10moreboys也可作名代：Idon’tlikethisshirt.Showmeanother,willyou?(商场中购物)2.other+名词复数=others，泛指“另一些”：Therearemanystudentsintheclassroom.Some(students)aresinging,some(students)aredancingandotherstudents(=others)aredrawing.3.theother特指“另一个”，作形代时+可数名词单数=theother：Ihavetwobrothers.One(brother)isaworkerandtheother(brother)isadoctor.4.theother+名词复数，特指“另一些”，指剩余的全部=theothers=therest：Ihavethreepens.Oneisred,theothertwopensareblue.(=theothertwo=theothers=therest)therest还可指代不名,形代名代均可以：Ihavedrunkhalfofthemilkandtherest(milk)isforyou.5.词组：one…another…thethird“一个……一个……另一个……”Ihavethreebrothers.Oneisaworker,anotherisadoctorandthethirdisateacher.(四)oneones：表示“一个人”或“人人”或指前面已经提到过的人或物，但不能代替不名，复数是ones：A：Passmethebooks,please!B：Which________areyours?A：_______onthedesk.Thisroomisbiggerthanthat________.(=room)Oneshoulddoone’sbesttolearnEnglishwell.70\n填空练习：1.Thisbookisnewerthanthat_________.2.Chinesefilmsarebetterthanforeign____________.(五).见下表：somethingsomebodysomeoneanythinganybodyanyonenothingnobodynooneeverythingeverybodyeveryone1.something,anything,nothing,everything：(1)something,anything,nothing,everything用作单数,形容词后置：There_______intoday’snewspaper.A.issomethingimportantB.isimportantsomethingC.aresomethingimportantD.areimportantsomething(2)something用于肯定句和肯定回答；anything既用于否定句、否定回答和疑问句(某事/一些事)，又可用于肯定句(任何事)；nothing=notanything，everything只用作单数。Ihavesomethingtotellyou.Icandoanythingthatyouwantmetodo.Thereisn’tanythinginthebox.=Thereisnothinginthebox.(3)something,anything,nothing,everything做主语时，反意问句附加部分人称用it：EverythingisOK,_________?2somebody=someone,anybody=anyone,nobody=noone,everybody=everyone：(1)someboy=someone,anybody=anyone,nobody=noone,everybody=everyone用作单数,形容词后置：Someoneunknownwantsyouonthephone,Susan.(2)somebody=someone用于肯定句和肯定回答；anybody=anyone,既用于否定句、否定回答和疑问句(某人/有人)，又可用于肯定句(任何人)；nobody=noone是隐性否定。(3)somebody=someone,anybody=anyone,nobody=noone,everybody=everyone做主语时，反意问句附加部分人称用they：Everyonewantstogothere,___________?四、疑问代词(副词)：1.HeisanEnglishteacher.对身份提问_____________he?2.Therearesometicketsonthedesk.对therebe结构后的主语提问_________________onthedesk?3.SheisreadingEnglishnow.对及物动词的宾语，行为的对象提问_______isshereadingnow.4.TodayisSunday.对星期提问____________is(it)today?5.Todayis3rdOctober.对日期提问________the_______today?______________isittoday?6.Myskirtiswhite.对表语是颜色提问____________isyourskirt?7.I’minterestedinmaths.对学科提问_____________areyouinterestedin?（无选择项）_____________areyouinterestedin,EnglishorChinese?(有选择项）8.Thebagonthedeskismine.对地点做定语提问_____________isyours?9.TheredpensareTom’s.对颜色作定语提问____________areTom’s?(疑问代词作定语)____________Tom’spens?(疑问代词作表语)10.Igotoschoolonfooteveryday.对方式状语提问_____________yougotoschooleveryday?11.Tim’sfatherisfortyyearsoldnow.对年龄提问____________isTim’sfathernow?12.I’llstayinShanghaiforthreedays.对动作持续的时间(时间状语)提问_____________willyoustayinShanghai?13.I’llgotoNanjinginthreedays.对多久之后某一动作将发生(时间状语)提问____________willyougotoNanjing?_____________yougotoNanjing?14.ShewatchesTVtwiceaday.对频度提问70\n___________doesshewatchTV?15.Hecanread178wordsinaminute.对速度提问___________canheread?16.Therearethreebottlesofmilkonthetable对数量提问___________bottlesofmilkarethereonthetable?17.Therearethreebottlesofmilkonthetable对数量提问___________milk_____thereonthetable?18.Thepostagecostthreeyuan.对价值提问_________________thepostagecost?19.I’m1.75metrestall.对身高提问____________areyou?20.IhavebeentoBritainforthreetimes.对次数提问_________________haveyoubeentoBritain?21.Thebagofriceisabout30kilos.对重量提问_______________isthebagofrice?_____________doesthebagofriceweigh?22.It’shalfanhour’swalkfromheretomyschool.对距离提问__________isitfromheretoyourschool?23.IwaslateforschoolyesterdaybecauseIgotuplate.对原因提问______________youlateforschoolyesterday?24.Hedidhishomeworkatschoolyesterday.对地点状语和时间状语提问________and_______didyoudohishomework?25.SheiswaitingforTom.对主语是人提问____________waitingforTom?26.SheiswaitingforTom.对宾语是人提问___________shewaitingfor?27.Itis3:15now.对时间状语提问_____________isitnow?28.Thisishiswallet.对所有格做定语提问___________isthis?29.Thiswalletishis.对所有格做表语提问____________thiswallet?30.Itiscloudytoday._______________theweather______today?_______________theweathertoday?31.Ithinkthefilmisreallyinteresting.评价_______doyou___________thefilm?________doyou________thefilm?代词相关练习：1.Thisisnot_______modelship.It’s_______.Imadeit________.a.your...me...mineb.yours...my...myselfc.yours...mine...mined.your...mine...myself2.CanyouspeakEnglish?Yes,butonly______.I’vestudiesitforonly______months.a.alittle...afewb.little...alittlec.afew...alittled.few...afew3.______ofmyparentsisadoctor._______ofthemarescientists.a.Both...neitherb.Neither...bothc.None...alld.Both...none4._____motherhadtoteach________.a.His...himhimselfb.Her...himhimselfc.His...himherselfd.Her...herhimself5.MissSmithdoesn’thave_______houseworktodotoday.a.manyb.muchc.alotofd.apiece6.Idon’tlikethisballpointpen.Showme_______,please.a.anotherb.otherc.theotherd.theothers7.Hurryup.There’s______timeleft.a.fewb.littlec.afewd.alittle8.----Whichcalculatordoyoulike?----______inyourhand.a.Theotherb.Onec.Thatoned.It9.______ofhisparentsworkinthemodernfactory.a.Noneb.Bothc.Alld.Neither10.Therearefiftyteachersinourschool.Twentyofthemarewomenteachersand______arementeachers.a.anotherb.othersc.theotherd.theothers11.Therearesometalltreeson______sideofthestreet.70\na.bothb.allc.eitherd.none1.______iswrongwiththecolourTVset.Itdoesn’twork.a.Somethingb.Anythingc.Nothingd.Things2.Isthere______intoday’snewspaper?a.interestinganythingb.interestingsomethingc.somethinginterestingd.anythinginteresting3.Everyone______here.Let’sbeginourmeetinga.willbeb.isc.ared.havecome4.______interestingtowatchcartoonsonTVintheevening.a.That’sb.What’sc.Howd.It’s5._______ofuswantstotry.a.Bothb.Allc.Noned.Every6.Theshortplayisn’tinteresting._______peopleenjoyit.a.Littleb.Alittlec.Fewd.Afew7.There’s______withmycar.Idon’thavetogotoworkbybus.a.anythingwrongb.nothingwrongc.somethingwrongd.wrongeverything8.Therearelotsofflowerson______oftheriver.a.eachsideb.everysidec.bothsided.allsides9.A:Aren’tthethreeanswerscorrect?B:No,__________correct.a.allareb.noneisc.neitherisd.eitheris10.Ifyouhave_____time,wouldyoumake_______cakesforme?a.some...someb.any...anyc.some...anyd.any...some11.Maryhasfouruncles.OneisinAmerica,_______areinItaly.a.theotherb.anotherc.othersd.theothers12.Mike’sbikedoesn’twork.Neither________.a.doIb.don’tIc.domined.doesmine13.JackandMaryhavetried,but_____hassucceededingettingthechancetostudyabroad.A.bothB.neitherC.allD.either14.It’sgoodforherhealthifshecanfindawaytorelax_____fromtimetotime.A.sheB.herC.hersD.herself15.----What’sinthefridge?-----________________A.NothingB.NoneC.NoD.Noone16.Ididn’thearfromhimforalongtime,soIwenttoseehimby____________.A.meB.myselfC.himD.himself17.A:Doyouknow_________thepopulationofShanghai_________?B:Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.what…isB.howmuch…isC.what’s…/D.howmany…is18.Jack,aclosefriendof______,willcomeandjoin______inthegame.A.mine…usB.me…oursC.mine…ourselvesD.myself…us19.Thereisaflowershopon______sideofthestreet.Let’sgoandbuysomeflowers.A.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.others20.Thenewskirtisfor_____,Alice.Doyoulike______?A.you,themB.yours,itC.you,itD.yours,them21.Youmustn’tlendthebooksyouborrowedfromthelibraryto______people.A.othersB.theothersC.otherD.theother22.Michaelhasread_________sciencebooks,butIamsorrytosaythathehaslearned_________fromthem.A.few…alittleB.afew…littleC.few…littleD.afew…alittle23.—AlatestEnglishnewspaper,please!—Onlyonecopyleft.Wouldyouliketohave_____________,sir?A.itB.oneC.thisD.that24.—Youlooksohappy!—JacksaysIampretty.___________hasevertoldmethatbefore.A.．SomebodyB.．AnybodyC.．EverybodyD.．Nobody25.Boysandgirls,youhavetoplantallthetrees_____________tomorrow.A.ourselvesB.themselvesC.yourselfD.yourselves26.A:Whichofthesetwosweaterswillyoutake?B:I’lltake_________.Theylooknearlythesame,andIjustneedone.70\nA.bothB.eitherC.noneD.all1.Therearealotoftallbuildingson_______sideofHuangpuRiver.A.eitherB.bothC.neitherD.every2.ThereissomethingwrongwithouroldTVset.Sowedecidedtobuy_____one.A.theotherB.theothersC.othersD.another3.AtthegateofthelibraryIshowed______card,andTonyshowed______A.my,himB.my,hisC.mine,hisD.mine,him4.MycousinandI______likeflyingkitesinautumn.Weoftenfeelveryhappy.A.allB.eitherC.bothD.neither5.Amongthreehundredgraduates,70%prefertogetajob,and_____choosetomakeafurtherstudy.A.theotherB.theothersC.othersD.other6.SomepeopleenjoyKFC,but______preferMcDonald’shamburger.A.anotherB.theotherC.othersD.theothers7.---Whatdoes“refrigerator”mean?---It’s______wayofsayingfridge.Wecallitfridgeforshort.A.otherB.othersC.anotherD.theothers8.Ithink________isverykind________youtohelpmeout.A.it/forB.that/forC.it/ofD.that/of9.Whoteaches______chemistry?A.theyB.theirC.themD.theirs10.----Whohasanumbrellahere,please?----Ihave_______,MissLu.A.oneB.itC.thisD.that11.Iknowthereisapeninyourrighthand.Butwhat’sinyour______hand?A.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.others12.---DoesMrs.Lilivebyherself?---Yes.Shehastwodaughters,but_____ofthemarestudyingintheUS.A.neitherB.allC.noneD.both13.MrWhitewishedthetwinstobedoctors,but______ofthemlikedtostudymedicine.A.bothB.neitherC.eitherD.none14.Healthofficialstried______besttofightglobalbirdflu.A.themB.theyC.theirsD.their15.---Whotaught_______French?---Nobody.Ilearnedallby________.A.you/IB.your/meC.yours/myD.you/myself16.Jimwillgive____ashorttalktomorrow.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours17._______computerisnewand_______isnew,too.A.Our…heB.Ours…hisC.My…hisD.My…her18.Noonenoticedthemobilephoneinhis_______hand.A.otherB.theotherC.anotherD.else19.Bobisgoingtogive__________atalkonWorldCarDesignandDevelopment.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours20.Bepatient,John.Don’tgiveup.Have_________try.A.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.one21.Lucydoesn’thaveaneraser.Letmegive_______to________.A.mine,herB.mine,himC.her,mineD.my,her22.ZhuxiRoadisabusyroadwithalotofshopson_______sideofthestreet.A.eitherB.neitherC.bothD.every23.Yourshirtisblue,but____________isblackandwhite.A.myselfB.myC.mineD.me24.Ihavethreesisters.____________ofthemisateacher.A..AllB.BothC.NeitherD.None25.Thereissomethingwrongwithmycomputer.MayIuse______?A.yourB.yoursC.youD.mine26.______oftheteachersisgoingtothepartynextweek.A.AllB.BothC.NeitherD.Some27.______MP3isthis?Isityours?A.WhoseB.WhoC.WhichD.What28.Ifyouarenotfull,pleasehave______cake.70\nA.theotherB.otherC.othersD.another1.Somepeopleenjoytravelingbyplane,but___________prefertravelingbytrain.A.otherB.theothersC.theotherD.others2.Pickoutthegoodbananasandthrowaway______.A.therestB.restC.othersD.theother3.ThisismyCDplayer,and________isonthetableoverthere.A.youB.yourC.yoursD.yourself4.---Whois_________?---ThisisJoannafromAustralia.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one5.WillMissWangteach________(we)chemistrynextterm?6.______(you)schoolbagisalittleheavierthan________(I).7.I’manewcomerhere.Let_________(I)introduce_________(I)to_________(yours).8.A:Whyareyouinsuchahurry?B:I’mgoingtomeetafriendof________(I)attheairport.9.----________(who)exercisebooksarethose?----Oneis________(he)andtheothersare________(they).10.Ithinkthatwe’llenjoy________(we)duringthewinterholidays.11.Asastudent,youmustfinishyourhomeworkby_________(you).12.Rosehasgotanicecat.________(it)hairiswhiteandbrown.13.Beijinghasmanynewbuildings.Butitalsohassomeold______(one).14.Isthis_______(she)bike?No,__________(she)isoverthere.历年中考试题汇总人称代词、物主代词、反身代词15.Angela’sunclewillbuy______apocketcalculator.(95)A)sheB)herC)hersD)herself16.A:Whosecalculatorisit?(96)B:It’s______.A)herB)hersC)sheD)herself17.A:Isthis______pocketcalculator?(97)B:No.It’s______.A)your…hisB)yours…hisC)hers…mineD)her…my18.Mikelost______newwatchwhilehewasplayingvolleyballatschool.(98)A)hisB)heC)himD)himself19.LetTonydoitby______.Heisnolongerakid.(99)A)himB)hisC)himselfD)he20.A:______pencil-boxisthis,Patrick?(00)B:It’s______.A)Whose…mineB)Who’s…mineC)Whose…myD)Who’s…my21.Thetwinscorrectedthemistakesonthetestpapers______.(01)A)themB)themselvesC)himD)himself22.MissBrownwillteach______Englishnextterm.(02)A)usB)weC)ourD)ours23.MerryChristmas,George!Hereisacardfor______,with______bestwishes.(04)A)you…ourB)us…yourC)you…yourD)us…our24.WhenYangLiweicamebackfromspace,manyreportersinterviewed_______andgotsomefirst-handinformation.(05)a.heb.himc.hisd.himself25.ZhangYiningis________favouritetabletennisplayer.(06)a.Ib.mec.myd.mine26.Pleasekeeptheparkcleanwhenyouenjoy__________there.(07)a.yourb.youc.yoursd.yourselves不定代词27.Thisisaveryoldsong,so______youngpeopleknowit.(95)A)fewB)littleC)afewD)alittle28.Thetwofishermensaw______intheskywhiletheywerefishingbyariver.(96)A)somethingstrangeB)anythingstrangeC)strangesomethingD)strangeanything29.Therearen’tmanyorangeshere,butyoucantake______ifyouwantto.(96)A)fewB)afewC)alittleD)little70\n1.Therearetwentyteachersinthisgrade.Eightofthemarewomenteachersand______arementeachers.(97)A)theotherB)theothersC)othersD)other2.Mysportsshoesaretoosmall.Iwanttobuy______pair.(98)A)theothersB)theotherC)otherD)another3.Ididn’tlikethecrosstalk.______oftheactorswasfunny.(99)A)BothB)AllC)NeitherD)Either4.______ofushasreadthestory.(00)A)SomeB)BothC)AllD)None5.Studentsareusuallyinterestedinsports.Somelikerunning;somelikeswimming;______likeballgames.(01)A)theothersB)othersC)theotherD)other6.Therearemanyhighriseson______sideofHuaihaiRoad.Whatamagnificentview!(02)A)eitherB)neitherC)bothD)all7.ThedoctorsandnursesaredoingtheirbesttofightSARS.Theythinkmoreofothersthan______.(03)A)theyB)themC)themselvesD)theirs8.ShanghaiWaihuanTunnelisalreadyopentotraffic,soitwilltakeus______timetogotoPudongInternationalAirport.(03)A)afewB)fewerC)alittleD)less9.Notlongago,ourcountrysentuparocketwithtwosmallsatellitesintospace.Oneweighed204kilosand______,25kilos.(04)A)anotherB)otherC)othersD)theother10.Inordertokeephealthy,youshouldeat______fastfood,______freshvegetablesandtakeenoughexercise.(04)A)fewer…fewerB)less…moreC)fewer…moreD)less…less11.LiuXiangandYaoMingareworld-famoussportsstars.________ofthemhavesetagoodexampletous.(05)a.Allb.Neitherc.Bothd.None12.Mr.Smithisquitebusytoday.Hehas__________meetingstoattend.(06)a.littleb.alittlec.fewd.afew13.Obeythetrafficrulesandlearntoprotectyourself.________ismoreimportantthanlife.(06)a.Nothingb.Somethingc.Everythingd.Anything14.I’vegottwoticketsfortonight’sconcert.Oneisforme,________isforyou.(07)a.otherb.theotherc.othersc.another特殊疑问句练习题（一）选择(who,where,when)：1.________isthatprettygirl?Sheismysister.2.________areJackandTom?Theyarebehindyou.3.________doyougotoschool?IgotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.4.________hasabeautifulflower?Johnhasabeautifulflower.5.________arethey?Theyaremyparents.6.________ismymother?Sheisinthelivingroom.7.________areyougoing?Wearegoingtothebakery(面包坊).8._______doJimandWendyplayfootball?Theyplayfootballintheafternoon.9._______doeshejog?Hejogsinthepark.10.______areyoufrom?I'mfromChangchuncity.二、就画线部分提问：1.Heismyfather.______________________________________2.Theyareunderthetree.______________________________________3.IoftenwatchTVafterdinner.______________________________________4.Lilyswimsintheswimmingpool.______________________________________5.Supermanfliesinthesky.______________________________________6.Ioftenbrushmyteethintheevening.______________________________________7.AlanlikestoplaywithBill.______________________________________8.Joe'sfatherplaysbadmintoneveryweekend.______________________________________9..Jenniferhasapairofearrings(耳环).______________________________________                                 特殊疑问句练习（二）一．用whattime,whatcolor,whatday,what填空。1.A:_____________isit?  B:Itisnineo’clock.70\n2.A:_____________doesyourmothergetup? B:Mymothergetsupat6:30.3.A:_____________doyougotobed?B:Igotobedat10:00.4.A:_____________doDianaandFionahavesupper?B:DianaandFionahavesupperat18:00.5.A:_____________isit?B:Itispurple.6.A:_____________isthesky?B:Theskyisblue.7.A:_____________isyourcoat?B:Mycoatisblack.8.A:_____________isthedog?B:Thedogiswhite.9.A:_____________istoday?B:TodayisMonday.10.A:_____________istomorrow?B:TomorrowisTuesday.11.A:_____________wasyesterday?B:YesterdaywasSunday.12.A:_____________doyoulike?B:Ilikered.13.A:______isthis?B:Thisisacomputer.14.A:______areyoudoing?B:Weareplayingbasketball.15.A:______doesyourmotherdo?B:Mymotherisapolicewoman.16.A:______arethose?B:Thosearepeppers(辣椒).17.A:______isinthebox?B:Alovelydollisinthebox.18.A:______isonthetable?B:Theappleisonthetable.19.A:______isintheclassroom?B:Theblackboardisintheclassroom.20.A:__________________?B:Maryishungry.21.A:______________________________?   B:Myfavoritecolorispink.22.A:________________________?B:Nickisplayingtabletennis.二．Match：()1.What’sonthechair?      A.Thereisabookinthebag.()2.Howisyourfather?        B.Theseareapples.()3.Whatarethese?            C.Igotoschoolbybus.()4.Whatisinthebag?       D.Theradioisonthechair.()5.Howdoyougotoschool?  E.Myfatherisfine.()6.Howmuchisit?         F.Iwashmyfaceinthemorning.()7.Whattimeisit?            G.Ihavetwohands.()8.Whendoyouwashyourface?     H.Itisfouro’clock.()9.Howmanyhandsdoyouhave?    I.Itis5yuan.()10.Whendoyouhavelunch?        J.Ihavelunchatnoon.第十三讲介词一、介词概念：介词是一种用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语、表语、宾语、定语或补语。Heworksveryhardinordertopasstheexams.Iwalkacrossthestreeteveryday.(状语)Whyareyouinsuchahurry？I’mathomenow.（表语）Pleasepassthecupofcoffeetome!(宾语)Shehaslostherinterestinchemistry.Thegirlinredismydaughter.(定语)Weoftenfindherintrouble.SowegotohelphereverySunday.(宾语补足语)二、介词的用法：(一)介词按其构成可分为：　　1.简单介词at,in,on,to,since,until等。如：He'sworkedtheresince1998.　　2.复合介词into,onto,outof等。如：Sheisoutofschool.她毕业了。　　3.二重介词fromunder,frombehind,fromoutof,untilafter,exceptin等。如：　　I'mfromoutoftown.我是从城外来的。　　4.短语介词becauseof,insteadof,inspiteof等。如：　　Iwentbacknotbecauseoftherain,butbecauseIwastired.我回去不是因为下雨，而是因为我累了。(二)介词的作用：　　1.表示地点：after,along,at,below,by,of,near,over,through,under，on等。如：　　Nearthevillagetheboysareskatingontheice.男孩子们正在村子附近的冰上滑冰。　　Theylaydownundertheshadeofatree.他们躺在一棵树的树阴下。　　2.表示时间：about,after,across,at,during,for,in,of,till,until等。如：　　Afterclasshewilltellusabouttheaccident.课后他将告诉我们有关事故的情况。　　Aheavyrainhasbeenfallingacrossthreedays.一场大雨下了整整三天。70\n　　Theaccidenthappenedduringthenight.事故发生在夜间。　　3.表示动作：at,across,around,on,over,under等。如：　　Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕太阳运行。　　Thecarisunderrepair.汽车在修理中。　　4.表示比较：as,like,above,over,with等。如：　Shewassomethinglikehersister.她有几份像她的妹妹。　　ChineseismuchmoredifficultincontrastwithEnglish.和英语相比，汉语难得多。　　5.表示原因：about,for,from,with等。如：　　Don'tworryaboutmylessons.不要担心我的功课。　　Businesskeptmefromcoming.我因事不能来。　　HewasangrywithwhatIdid.他对我所做的很气愤。　　6.表示条件：to,with,without等。如：　　Withoutyouradvice,hewouldhavefailed.没有你的忠告他可能已经失败了。　　7.表示手段、方式：as,by,in,with等。如：　　Hebehavedasarobber.他的举止如同强盗一样。　　Learnthenewwordsbyheart.记住这些生词。　　Weseewithoureyes.我们用眼睛看。　　8.表示距离、数量：from,in,within等。如：　　Myhouseistenmilesfromtheschool.我家离学校十英里。　　Theywerethirtyinall.他们总共有三十人。　　9.表示目的：as,for等。如：　　Ionlysaiditasajoke.我只是把它当作笑话讲的。　　It'stimeforclass.到上课的时间了。　　10.表示让步：for,with等。如：　　Forallhiseffort,hedidn'tsucceed.虽然他做了一番努力，仍不能成功。　　Withallhismoney,heisunhappy.尽管他有钱，但他并不快乐。　　for还可以引导插入语，例如：　　I,forone,shallvoteagainsttheproposal.我也投票反对这个提议。(三)介词的分析：1.in：(1)in+一段时间……之后/之内Hewillcomebackinthreedays.(2)in+年份/季节/月份insummerinMarchin2010(3)in+早晨/下午/傍晚inthemorning/afternoon/evening(4)in+颜色穿着/戴着……Thegirlinblueismyclassmate,Mary.(5)in+地点在……里intheroominbedinthestreetinthesuninthenewspaper2.on：(1)on+具体一天或具体一天的上午、中午、晚上onSundayonthemorningofJuly3rd但是在thisthatnextlastyesterdaytodaytomorrow等前面不用onIwillleaveforBeijingnextWednesday.(2)on+地点(有接触面)在……上onthetableonthewallontheplate试比较：There’sapictureonthewall.There’saholeinthewall.There’ssomeimportantnewsinthenewspaper.Putmycuponthenewspaper,please!(3)关于某一主题HewillgiveusatalkonthehistoryofourPartythisafternoon.3.at：(1)at+几点几分Hewillarrivehereat3:45tomorrowafternoon.(2)at+中午、晚上、半夜、黎明atdawn/noon/night/midnight(3)at+地点在……旁边(间距很小---约一拳)Heissittingatthetable.attable(在用餐)4.by：(1)by+地点在……旁边(间距较小---比at间距稍大些)Heissittingbythewindow.(2)用于被动语态被……Footballisplayedbypeopleallovertheworld.(3)by+点上时间到……为止Wehadlearntthenewchapterbytheendoflastweek.(4)通过……(表示手段)Wecanrememberitbyusingitinandoutofclass.5.beside+地点在……旁边(间距稍大---比by间距稍大些)Thereisabigtreebesidethehouse.6.besides除了……(包含关系同类)BesidesEnglish,IcanspeakGermanandJapanese.7.except除了……(排除关系同类)IgotoworkeverydayexceptSunday.8.exceptfor除了……(排除关系不同类)Thefilmisveryniceexceptforitsmusic.9.near在……附近(间距大---比beside间距更大些)There’sacinemanearourschool.10.through穿过(某一区域)Theriverrunsthroughthetown.70\n11.across横穿(形成十字)Don’trunacrossthestreet.It’sdangerous.12.against倚着,靠着,反对Heisstandingagainstthewall.Weshouldfightagainstthedifficultiesbravely.13.between在两者之间There’sarailwaybetweenShanghaiandNanjing.14.among在三者或以上中间(无方位)Thereisathiefamongus.15.inthemiddleof在……当中(有方位)Thereisaboyinthemiddleoftheriver.Heiscryingforhelp.16.inthefrontof在……前部(范围内)Theteacherisstandinginthefrontoftheclassroom,givingusanEnglishlesson.17.infrontof在……前面(范围外)There’satalltreeinfrontofthehouse.18.behind在……后面Sheissittingbehindme.19.inthebackof在……后部(范围内)I’mtall,soI’msittinginthebackoftheclassroom.20.since自从……以来Hehasworkedasateachersince1982.21.for：(1)for+一段时间(表示动作持续的时间)Hewillstaytherefortwoweeks.(2)对……来说Itisn’teasyforustolearnEnglishwell.(3)为了……Canyoubuyabirthdaycakeformydad,Tom.It’shisbirthdaytoday.(4)(表示所有关系)……的theticketforthefilmthemoneyforthehousethemedicineforthecold22.before：(1)before+地点=infrontofDon’tstandbeforeme.Ican’tseetheblackboardclearly.(2)before+点上时间Youmustcomebackbeforeteno’clocktonight.23.after：(1)after+点上时间在……之后Weoftenplaybasketballafterschool.(2)after+一段时间在……之后(用于过去时)Thefirewentoutafterfourhours.24.like象……一样Helookslikehisfather.25.as：(1)作为……Asateacher,Imustworkhardformystudents.(2)担任……Shehasworkedasaneditorfortwoyears.(3)如同……Hiseldersisterhasactedashismother.26.outside在……外面It’sveryhotoutsidethehouse.27.inside在……里面(静态)Insidetheroomthereareplentyofrice,waterandbread28.into到……里(动态)Heputthemoneyintohispocketandwentaway.29.outof：(1)出,在外Don’tlookoutofthewindow.Wearehavingtheclass.(2)缺少,没有Weareoutofmilk.Pleasegoandbuysome,willyou?30.within：(1)(距离、时间)在……之内withintwomilesoftheschoolwithinaweek(2)(范围、程度)在……的范围之内Itwasn’twithinmypowertohelpher.(3)(场所)在……之中Staywithinthetown.31.during在……期间Duringtheholidays,Ioftengoswimmingwithmyfriends.30.until/till直到……为止Iwon’tgotobeduntilIfinishmyhomeworktonight.31.with：(1)和……一起Comedownandplaywithme!(2)用……(工具)Icanwritewithmybothhands.(3)伴随着……Withthehelpofourteacherwehavemadegreatprogressthisterm.32.to：(1)to=towards(表示方向)朝……；到……Hecametowardsme,withaguninhishand.(2)(表示所有关系)……的theanswertothequestionthekeytothedoor(3)(表示行为对象)Giveabooktome,please!(4)对……来说Waterisveryimportanttolivingthings.33.of(表示所有关系)……的afriendofmymother’s34.under在……下面(立体)There’sacatunderthetable.35.over：(1)在……上面(悬空、立体、正上方)TherearequiteafewgreatbridgesovertheHuangpuRiver.(2)超过……=morethanThereareover100studentsintheroom.36.below在……下面(平面、立体、正斜上方)Thereisablackboardbelowthepicture.37.above在……之上(平面、立体、正斜上方)Thereisapictureabovetheblackboard.38.about：70\n(1)大约Heisabout50yearsold,Ithink.(2)关于Canyoutellmesomethingaboutyesterday’smeeting?39.along=down沿着Goalongthisstreetandturnleftatthesecondcrossing.40.without没有Ican’tfinishtheworkwithoutyourhelp.41.around=round绕着……Therearemanytreesaroundourschool.42.opposite在……的对面Thestoreisoppositeofthestation.43.from从…….It’sthreehours’walkfrommyhometotheschool.44.onto到……上(动态)Hejumpedontotheriverbankanddisappearedinthedarkness.(四)初中介词词组：abitofacoupleofagroupofakindofalotoflotsofapairofapieceofaccordingtoafterallagreewithsb.alloverapologizetosb.forsth.arriveinarriveataskforaswellatbreakfast/lunch/supperatfirstatlastathomeatleastatmostatonceatpresentatschoolatthemomentatthesametimeatworkat/onweekendsbeafraidofbeangrywithsb.bebadforbebusywithbecarefulwithbecoveredwithbedifferentfrombefamiliartobefamiliarwithbefamousforbefondofbefullofbegoodatbepooratbeinterestedinbekeenonbelateforbelocatedin/onatbemadeofbemadeupofbepleased/satisfiedwithbeproudofbereadyforbesurprisedatbethankfultosb.beusedtobecauseofbelongtobreakintobyairmailbybusbyoneselfbyphonebythewaycalloncareforcomefromcometoanendcommunicatewithcompareAwithBcomplainaboutconsistofcoveranareaofdealwithdependondieofdowithdreamofenterforfallofffarawayfromfillinfindoutforexampleforthefirsttimeforthetimebeingfromdoortodoorfromnowonfromtimetotimegetalongwith=getonwithgetingetinthewaygetoffgetongetreadyforgetridofgettiredofgettogoforaswimgoinforgoonadietgoonapicnicgoonwithsth.goovergotothehospitalgotohospitalgotobedgotocollegegotochurchgotoschoolgotothecinema/moviesgototownhandinhappentosb.havepityonsb.hearfromhearofhelpsb.withsth.hugeamountsofinahurryinaminuteinadditioninallinchargeofinEnglishinfactinfrontofinhospitalinnotimeinone’sfiftiesinone’sopinioninordertoinreturninsurpriseintheendinthefutureinthemiddleofinthiswayintimeintroubleinsteadofjoininkeepAfrom…keepintouchwithkeepofflaughatlearnsth.fromleaveforlistentoliveonlookafterlookatlookforlookforwardtolooklikelookupmakefriendswithmakefunofmakeoutmakeupone’smindmeetwithnexttoofcourseofone’sownonbusinessonfootonholidayonone’ssideonshowontheotherhandonthephoneontherightontheway/one’swaytoontimeonweekdaysoneafteranotheroperateonsb.outofoutofdatepayforpickoutpickupplayatrickonplaywithplentyofpointatpointoutpraisesb.forsth.preferAtoBprepareforprotectAfromputoffputonputoutputuprelyonrunaftersearchforseesb.offsellout70\nsetoff/outsetupshakehandswithshare…withshowoffshowsb.aroundshutupsoastospeedupstopsbfromdoingsth.suchastakeamessageforsb.takecareoftakechargeoftakeholdoftakeintakeofftakeouttakepartintaketheplaceoftakeuptalkabout/oftalkto/withsb.tell…fromthesame….astheweekafternextthinkaboutthinkofthinkovertoone’sjoytoone’ssurprisetryonturndownturnintoturnoffturnonturnoutturnoverupanddownwaitforwakeupwithgreatcarewithonevoicewithone’sowneyeswithpleasurewiththehelpofworkoutworryabout三、选择填空:（）1.Weusuallygetup________six____themorning.A.at…ofB.for…inC.at…inD.after…on()2.WetravelledallnighttoLondonandgotthere____Mondaymorning.A.inB.atC.onDto()3.Myparentssaidthattheywerepleased___myprogress.A.inB.toC.withD.at()4.Manyteachersbelievethatchildrenalsolearn____life,notjustfromtheirtextbooks.A.ofB.fromC.forD.with()5.Itwassaidthatsomethingterriblehappenedhere_____thesnowyspring.A.inB.atC.onD.by()6.Ourschoolis___________theendofthestreet.A.inB.onC.atD.of()7.PeopleinKoreawillbowwhentheymeet____thefirsttime.A.inB.onC.atD.for()8.Sincethesupermarketisn’tfarfromhere.　Let’sgetthere__________foot.A.byB.onC.withD.in()9.Therewasnoairline_____________thetwocountriestenyearsago.A.betweenB.withC.amongD.inside()10.OnMother’sDay,MikeandIwanttoinvitemumtohavedinner_________usatShanghaiRestaurant,whichisfamous_________itsseafood.A.with…ofB.with…forC.for…toD.to…for()11.Ifyouareabletogetthetickets,　pleasetellme_____phone.A.atB.byC.onD.through()12.Moreandmorepeopleareabletotalkandwrite___Englishthesedays.A.forB.withC.inD.to()13.Thestoryhappened___________12thMarch.A.onB.inC.atD.with()14.Mumisworried___________herson’swork.A.forB.aboutC.ofD.over()15.ThetraintoBeijingleaves_____________eighto”clock.A.inB.onC.atD.from()16.Theconstructionofthenewbuildingwillcost________1,000,000dollars,andit’snoteasytogetsomuchmoney.　　A.atlast   B.atmost   C.atleast   D.atlarge()17.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelighthappenedto_______.　　A.beputup    B.givein     C.beturnedon     D.goout()18.Everymorningshewouldgivehimbreakfast________bedandbringhimthepaperstoread.　　A.to          B.at          C.in              D.by()19.Yourperformanceinthedrivingtestdidn’treachtherequiredstandard,________,youfailed.　　A.intheend    B.afterall       C.inotherwords      D.atthesametime()20.Whydon’ttheybuildanewroadthatgoes____thedesert?　　A.to          B.through        C.over          D.round()21.________thisbookandtellmewhatyouthinkofit.　　A.Lookthrough    B.Lookon (旁观)  C.Lookinto(调查)   D.Lookup()22.Thedoctorwillbefree____.　　A.10minuteslater     B.after10minutes    C.in10minutes      D.10minutesafter70\n()23.Didyouhavetrouble____thepostoffice?　　A.tohavefound             B.withfinding　　C.tofind                   D.infinding()24.Ifyoukeepon,you’llsucceed_________.　　A.intime        B.atonetime         C.atthesametime       D.ontime()25.Thetrainleavesat6:oopm.SoIhavetobeatthestation____5:40pmatthelatest.　　A.until          B.after          C.by           D.around()26.DoesJohnknowanyotherforeignlanguage_________French?　　A.except        B.but           C.besides         D.beside()27.Childrengetgifts____Christmasand____theirbirthdays.A.on/onB.at/onC.in/inD.in/on()28.Alotofstudentsinourschoolwereborn____March,1981.A.inB.atC.onD.since()29.Timsuddenlyreturned____arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.during()30.Mygrandfatherwasborn____Oct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.atD.of()31.Thetrainisstarting___fiveminutes.A.inB.atC.forD.still()32.Mikedoeshisexercises____seven_____theevening.A.on/toB.at/inC.by/ofD.at/on()33.Thepopulationoftheworldhasgrownveryfast____fourhundredyears.A.forpasttheB.inthepassC.inthepastD.forpast()34.Wereturnedtoourhometown___.A.nextweekB.inthelastweekC.lastweekD.foraweek()35.Greatchangeshavetakenplace___.A.inthelastfewyearB.inthelastfewyearsC.lastyearD.onthelastyear()36.Childrenwakeupveryearly____themorningofChristmasDay.A.inB.onC.forD.at()37.____acoldwintermorning,Imetherinthestreet.A.InB.OnC.AtD.For()38.Ithappenedtobeverycold____themorningofoursportsmeet.A.atB.onC.withD.of()39.Whydidyougetupsoearly___thismorning.A.onB./C.atD.in()40.HewenttoShanghai___September3,1991andcameback___acoldmorninglastyear.A.in/onB.on/inC.on/onD.in/in()41.Lucywasborn____thenightofMay12,1984.A.onB.inC.atD.to()42.Mrs.BrowncametoChina____1996.A.onB.ofC.to,D.in()43.Annmoved___Hangzhou___September,1992.A./；inB.to；inC.to；onD.in；in()44.Theystartedoff___anautumnafternoon.A.duringB.atC.inD.on()45.Heoftengoes_______school_______sixthirty_______themorning.A.for/to/inB.to/at/inC.to/for/atD,for/at/to()46.Hearrived_______Shanghai_______9:30_______March5.A.at/in/atB.to/on/atC.in/on/atD.in/at/on()47.TheEnglishteachertoldmetogetthere__________halfpastten.A.inB.atC.onD.of()48.Thechildrengetup__________6o'clock.A.atB.onC.duringD.in()49.Thedoctorworked___fivehours___arest.A.for/withB.on/withoutC.about/havingD.for/without()50.Iworkedontheproblem____alongtimeandIworkeditout____myself____last.A.for/by/atB.in/with/onC.on/by/inD.for/for/atthe()51.Anewfactorywillbesetup__________ayear.A.forB.inC.afterD.on70\n()52.Twoyears________hebegantowriteanotherstory-book.A.afterB.later;C.inD.late()53.Wewillfinishthepicture__________aday.A.inB.onC.afterD.on()54.Theworkershadbeen_______strike_______almostamonth.A.on/inB.at/inC.on/forD.on/during()55.Mr.Brownhadlain____theground_______fourhoursbeforetheyfinallyfoundhim.A.on/forB.at/inC.on/afterD.in/during()56.Theteacheriscomingback_______anhour.A.afterB.forC.inD.before()57.Shelivedinthemountainvillage________theyears1940-1950.A.betweenB.duringC.inD.since()58.MissWangwillcometoBeijing________twodays.A.afterB.inC.onD.before()59.TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwon_______theend.A.byB.atC.inD.on()60.Maryhadfinishedherhomework____thetimeIgothome.A.untilB.byC.atD.when()62.Westayedatthelab___ourteacherreturned.A.tillB.byC.duringD.while()63.Theydidn'tleavethestation___theygetonthetrain.A.untilB.byC.afterD.at()64.Don'tworry.Hewillreturn_________.A.beforelongB.longbeforeC.longlongagoD.longago()65.Therelivedanoldman,fishingatsea_________.A.longbeforeB.beforelongC.longtimeagoD.soon()66.Itwasnot_________theycameback.A.longbeforeB.beforelongC.longtimebeforeD.longafter()67.IwastoldthathisunclehadgonetoFrance_______________.A.longbeforeB.shortlyafterC.beforelongD.longago()68.Idon'tliketosit_______Tom'sright.Iwouldliketosit______thebackrow.A.on/inB.in/onC.on/atD.at/on()69.Thereisabrook_______redflowersandgreengrass_______bothsides.A.of/withB.with/onC.of/atD.with/in()70.Therearemanytrees_____oftheroad!And_______ofthetreesisgrowinglargerandlarger.A.onbothside;anumberB.oneachsides;anumberC.onbothsides;thenumberD.oneveryside;thenumber()71.Theplaneisflying_____.A.intheskyB.in.theairC.inspaceD.insky()72.Thereisasweetsmell___.A.intheairB.intheopenairC.intheskyD.inthespace()73.Weheldaninterestingparty___.A.intheairB.intheskyC.intheopenairD.inspace()74.Seenfrom___,theearthappearstobeabigblueball.A.thespaceB.spaceC.aspaceD.thisspace()75.Tomsits_______theclassroomwhileJohnsits________theroom.A.infrontof/inbackofB.inthefrontof/inthebackofC.infrontof/inthebackofD.inthefrontof/inbackof()76.Lucysits________thethirdrow,_________Jim'sleft.A.on/onB.in/atC.at/inD.in/on()77.Jiangsuis_______theeastofChina,butJapanis________theeastofChina.A.to/inB.in/toC.on/toD.to/on()78.---CanIlookupaword____yourdictionary?-----Ihaven'tgotit____me.A.into/aboutB.in/withC.at/inD.on/on()79.1likemoon-cakes____meat____them.A.in/onB.with/onC.in/withD.with/in()80.Whenyouare___troublepleaseaskhelp___us.A.in/fromB.in/forC.on/fromD.on/of70\n()81.Theshopkeepersaidtheyhadsoldouttheshoes____yoursize.A.aboutB.inC.toD.of()82.Isawhim___hurryatthemoment.A.inaB.inC.onD.ona()83.Heputupamap______thebackwallbecausetherewasahole______it.A.on/onB.at/inC.on/inD.on/at()84.Thereisadoor________thewall.A.onB.toC.ofD.in()85.ThiskindofVCDismade____China..A.inB.fromC.atD.on()86.Anyman______eyes______hisheadcanseethathe'sexactlylikearope.A.with/onB.with/inC.on/withD.in/with()87.1Therearesomebirdssinging________thetrees.A.inB.onC.atD.from()88.Don'tread________thesun.It'sbad________youreyes.A.in/forB.under/forC.with/toD.in/on()89.Thewoman_________abluedressismyteacher.A.inB.onC.ofD.at()90.Therearesomanyapples_______thattree.A.inB.onC.atD.from()91.Theboatispassing________thebridge.A.throughB.belowC.underD.across()92.Twoplanesareflying_______thecity.A.throughB.overC.onD.below()93.Wecanseeariverrunningtotheeast________thehill.A.underB.belowC.overD.on()94.Doyouseethekite___thebuilding.A.overB.crossC.onD.above()95.TheUnitedStatesis______thesouthofCanadaand_____theeastofJapan.A.to/inB.on/toC.in/besideD.at/on()96.Myhometownlies______thecity._____Ioftengotothecitybybike.A.50milesintheeast/HoweverB.totheeast40milesof/ButC.intheeast45milesfrom/ButD.35mileseastof/However()97.Themanstood________thewindow,watchingtheboysplayingoutside.A.inB.byC.withD.to()98.Japanlies________theeastofChina.A.onB.toC.inD.with()99.Isthestreettoonarrowforthebustogo________?A.throughB.acrossC.onD.in()100.Amothercamelwaswalking______herson______thedesert.A.without/alongB.with/throughC.nextto/passD.beside/through()101.Theriverruns____thecity.A.acrossB.throughC.overD.from()102.Ittookusoveranhourtowalk________thisstreet.A.fromB.throughC.overD.across()103.UncleWangarrived_______No.14MiddleSchoolhalfanhourago.A.atB.inC.toD./()104.Didyourfriendsendyousomething________theendoflastweek?A.atB.byC.inD.to()105.Themonument______thoseheroesstands________thefootofthemountain.A.of/atB.to/onC.for/byD.to/at()106.Myunclelives________88BeijingStreet.A.toB.ofC.atD.on()108.Theyarewaiting_______abus_______thebusstop.A.for/inB.on/atC.with/atD.for/at()109.Woodisoftenmade________paper.A.byB.fromC.ofD.into()110.________research______theuniversescientistshaveputalotofinformation________computers.A.With/over/atB.On/at/toC.In/about/intoD.For/with/through70\n()111.Whenapieceoficeistaken_______awarmroom,itgetssmallerandsmalleruntil_______theenditdisappearscompletely.A.in/inB.outof/atC.into/inD.to/by()112.Awomanfell_______theboat________thewater.A.off/intoB.at/belowC.down/underD.away/in()113.Thetablesintherestaurantaresoclosetogetherthatthere'shardlyanyroomtomove___them.A.amongB.betweenC.inthemiddleofD.atthecentreof()114.Englishiswidelyusedforbusiness____differentcountries.A.betweenB.toC.forD.on()115.Isthereanydifference____thesetwosentences?A.forB.inC.amongD.between()116.Wevisitedhimathisworkplace___theyoungtreesandaskhimabouthiswork.A.inB.amongC.betweenD.at()117.Thereisthedifference___ChinesefoodandAmericanfood.A.fromB.atC.betweenD.by()119.Thepolicestationis___theclothingshop___thepostoffice.A.between/andB.among/andC.near/ofD.on/right()120.Heis____thegreatestscientistsintheworld.A.amongB.betweenC.inD.of()121.Thereisabook-store___ourhouse.A.atB.throughC.acrossD.near()122.Ourheadmastershowedthevisitors________ourschool.A.toB.forC.aroundD.near()123.Themoonisthe________totheearth.A.closedB.nearC.nearestD.close()124.Wehaveclasseseveryday____Sunday.A.besideB.besidesC.exceptD.exceptfor()125.Nobodyknewit_________me.A.butB.besideC.besidesD.without()126.Whatdoyouspendyourtimeon___workandstudy?A.exceptB.besidesC.butD.without()127.Doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguage____English.A.withoutB.besideC.besidesD.except()128.Weneedfifteenmorepeople____thetwentyofustodothejob.A.besidesB.andC.exceptD.without()129.NooneknewwhereMr.Smithlived____hisdaughter.A.besidesB.andC.onlyD.except()130._____thehelpoftheteacher,Tomhasmaderapidprogress____hisstudies.A.For/atB.Of/forC.By/onD.With/in()131.Thechildrenareinterested_______thissubject.A.toB.withC.inD.at()132.Hismotheroftenhelpshim___Englishsohedoesbetter___Englishthanothers.;A.with/inB.on/inC.in/withD.with/at()133.I'velostmyinterest________physics.A.inB.onC.atD.for()134.Hedroveaway_________thedirectionofLondon.A.inB.atC.toD.for()135.Theletterwaswritten___ink.A.withB.inC.byD.at()136.___themoney,sheboughtanewcoat________herfather.A.With/forB.With/toC.For/withD.To/with()137.WeiHuagetsonwell_________herclassmates.A.withB.inC.toD.at()138.Thereissomethingwrong________mybike.A.atB.inC.onD.with()139.Theyarefillingtheirbags________booksandotherthings.A.inB.withC.ofD.by()140.Whentheteacherheardustalkinginclass,hewasveryangry____us.A.toB.withC.forD.of70\n()141.WeusuallycovertheChristmastrees____colourlights.A.inB.useC.forD.with()142.Hissuddendeathsurprisedhiswife.Itwassobad.Hiswifewassurprised____hisdeath.A.byB.withC.atD.on()143.Don'tlaugh________him,heonlymadeasmallmistake.A.atB.toC.aboutD.over()144.Theboycriedout_______thetopofhisvoice.A.atB.inC.onD.to()145.WeChinesepeopleareall___ourmotherland.A.famousforB.proudofC.busywithD.goodat()146.Thebeautifulbottlewasmade_______glass.A.fromB.inC.ofD.by()147.Thisisamap_______China.A.inB.atC.ofD.on()148.Agroup_______boysandgirlsaredancinginthepark.A.withB.ofC.forD.to()149.Theyaregettingready______fly______England_______theirholiday.A.for/to/toB.to/to/forC.for/for/toD.to/to/to()150.Whatdidyouhave_______breakfast?A.atB.asC.forD.about()151.Theywereinvitedtoanimportantball_______thefirsttime_______theirlives.A.for/inB.at/inC.on/forD.in/with()152.Tomalwayscomeslate______school.A.atB.insideC.toD.for()153.Mr.Smithcaughthold______Bobandsaid,"Thisisagoodlesson___you.A.of/forB.for/ofC.of/ofD.for/for()154.Theshop______clothesis_______therightside_____thestreet.A.of/at/besideB.for/on/atC.for/on/ofD.of/in/of　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　第十四讲英语词汇的转化一、动词→→名词invent-----_______________suggest-----____________act-----____________________collect----_______________operate----_______________pollute----_______________celebrate----_______________communicate---______________compete---_______________locate------_______________organize----_______________recite----_______________hesitate----_______________invite-----_______________decorate---_______________attract----_________________calculate---________________librate----________________solve----_______________add----_______________describe----_______________review----_______________discuss---_______________decide----_______________develop----_______________agree----_______________arrange----_______________amuse----_______________advertise--_______________achieve---_______________argue----_______________advise----_______________choose----_______________practise----_______________serve---_______________enter-----_______________appear----_______________depend----_______________sell------_______________apologize----_______________memorize---_______________weigh----_______________fly---------_______________rob-------_______________paint-----_______________begin-----_______________mean----_______________die------_______________breathe----_______________speak----_______________succeed----_______________sit--------_______________enjoy----_______________believe----_______________waste-----_______________interview---_______________speed----_______________order-----_______________love------_______________look-----_______________rise-----_______________talk------_______________excuse----_______________cheer---_______________repair----_______________answer----_______________help----____________________change----_______________end----__________________compare----_____________please---_______________二、动词→→形容词need-----_______________die----_________________attract-----_______________70\nact------_____________compare----_______________fool-----_______________enable----_______________enjoy---_______________widen------_______________fill-----_______________forget---_________________sleep------____________heat----_______________craze---_______________open------_______________welcome----_______________empty----_______________clear----_______________clean------_______________close---_________________crowd---_______________lose-----_______________please---__________________unite----_______________wound---_______________break----_______________follow---_______________dry-----_______________amaze---_________________amuse---_________________bore---_________________excite---_________________freeze---_________________frighten---_________________interest---_________________surprise---_________________satisfy---_________________tire----_________________live---__________________________worry---_______________三、名词→→形容词thank---_________________help----__________________use----___________________care-----_____________________wonder----_________________power---_________________hope----_____________________harm---_________________home---________________beauty---_________________friend-----________________love----_________________health---_________________luck---_________________fun------_________________sun----_________________fog-----_________________rain-----_________________wind---_________________snow----_________________cloud---_________________sand---_________________noise----_________________wood---_________________wool---_________________gold---_________________physics---_________________politics---_________________history---_________________medicine---_______________chemistry---______________electricity--___________________culture---_________________nature---_________________education--_______________nation---___________________tradition---________________office---________________danger---_________________importance---______________difference---_______________absence---________________dependence---______________independence--____________convenience---______________favour---________________pleasure---___________________change---______________west----______________east------______________south----______________north---______________second---______________China---______________Japan---__________________Russia---_________________Australia---____________Canada---_________________Asia----____________________India---_______________Italy----_____________Africa---______________America---________________Europe---_____________England---______________Britain---________________Poland---_____________Spain----_______________France---________________age----___________________enough---________________pink----__________________orange---__________________yellow---________________red----___________________expense---________________四、形容词→→名词ill----________________kind-----_________________busy----_________________free-----_________________true----_________________wide---________________long---________________difficult---_________________honest---_________________safe---_________________high----________________wise---_________________German---_______________hot-----_________________五、同音异意词hour---____________be---____________four---____________two---__________________flower---__________hi---____________way---____________father---________________no-------___________new---___________one---____________wood---________________world---___________red-----____________where---___________war---______________warn---_____________hole---___________weather---__________aunt----_______________here---_____________hair----_____________buy---______________right---________________their---_____________past---______________son---_______________see---_________________I-----______________nose---______________meet---______________blue---________________road---____________through---____________hire---_______________eight---_______________week---____________六、词义转换70\nart---___________science----___________tour----___________piano----___________cycle---___________chemistry--___________poem---___________music---___________secret----___________library--___________engine---____________message---__________office---____________foreign---____________custom--_______________basketball---___________football--________business---_____________________act---_______________visit---__________invent---___________calculate______________wait---_______________work---______________teach----__________farm---____________speak----______________fight----______________play----____________lead----____________sing----_______________paint---______________own----____________heat----______________drive---______________write---______________dance---___________announce---___________manage---___________run----______________swim---____________win-----____________cook---______________graduate---___________mix----_____________neighbour---___________post---_______________________________know---______________nation---____________short-----_____________active---______________friend---_____________sight---_____________say-----_______________record--_______________七、动词→→介词cross----____________pass---_______________include---____________八、反意词honest---___________like---_______________cover---_____________appear---______________usual-----___________known---_____________fair----______________corrected---____________able------____________happy---______________healthy---___________lucky----_______________fortunate---__________forget----______________possible--____________polite---____________correct---____________visible---______________九、词类转换练习1.Theyboughtsome__________atthesupermarketyesterday.(potato)2.Thestreetnearmyhouseisalwayscrowedwithcarsand__________(bus).3.IreceivesomeChristmas___________frommypenpals.(card)4.Westillneed_________morechairsforthemeetingroom.(ninth)5.MummadeabigchocolatecakeforlittleKevin's__________birthday.(six)6.Ournewflatisonthe___________floor,andwehaveagoodviewofthepark.(ten)7.TheFrenchartistsaid,"Itismy__________timetovisitShanghai."(five)8.Let'staketheliftuptotherestaurantonthe__________floor.(twenty)9.Mandyhasgotalovelydog._________nameisOliver.(It)10."Wouldyoutell__________aboutyourtriptoRussia?"thechildrenaskedUncleJoe.(we)0711.Abus____________(drive)isresponsibleforthesafetyofhispassengers.12.WangHai,comeandmeetMr.Li,__________(manage)ofthehotel.13.Somefamous____________aregoingtogivelecturesinouruniversityin1August.(science)14.Arethereanytaxi______________(serve)inthesmalltown?15.____________(healthy)ismoreimportanttomethanmoney.16.Morepeoplearegettingtoknowthe_____________(important)ofenvironmentalprotection.17.It'sdifficultforustotellthe_________betweenthesetwowords.(different)18.Thestudentshada____________intheEnglishclassyesterday.(discuss)19.Theyoungmanworksasa___________inafive-starhotel.(wait)20.Patrickisgoingtobea(n)____________whenhegrowsup.(engine)21.Atthe_________ofthiscentury,theAPECconferenceswereheldsuccessfullyinShanghai.(begin)22.It'sa___________tohaveapicnicwithallthefamilymembers.(pleased)23.Theyoungmotherissinging___________toherbabysonnow.(soft)24.Listen!Thebirdsaresinging___________inthewoods.(beautiful)25.Thechildrenwere__________excitedwhentheysawthetwopandas.(real)26.Itrained___________lastnightandtheriverrosetwofeet.(heavy)27.Watch________,andyouwillfindthedifferencebetweenthetwopictures.(care)28.Afterflyinginthestormfornearlyonehourthehelicopterlanded________atlast.(safe)29.Moreandmoreforeignersarelearningto__________Chinesenowadays(speech)30.Putsomemilkintotheflour,breaktwoeggsandthen________them.(mixture)31.I____________weseeafilmabouttheAnti-JapaneseWar.(suggestion)32.Yourjobisto__________customerswell.Pleasekeepitinmind.(service)33.WangWei,theyoungpilot,__________forourcountry.Hewillliveinourheartsforever.(dead)34.Shirleyhasdonealotforthetourists.Sheisreallya__________guide.(help)35.AgroupofyoungJapanesehadan__________tourinourtownlastmonth.(enjoy)36.Ibelieveknowledgeismore___________thanmoney.(power)70\n37.TheIraqWarhasmadethousandsofchildren____________.(home)38.Itis___________ofPetertopaysomuchmoneyforclothes.(fool)39.Thesituationinthatcountryis__________.You'dbetternotgothere.(danger)40.TobelovelyShanghainese,weshouldbehelpfuland_________toothers.(friend)第十五讲英语词汇的辨析1.bemadeinbemadebybemadeofbemadefromThiskindofbikeismade________Shanghai.Wasthebridgemade_______theworkersthreeyearsago?Thiskindofdeskismade_____wood.Paperismade______wood.2.bringtake(away)carryfetchPlease_________yourbagherewhenyoucometoschooltomorrow.Pleasehelpyourmother_______water.Whohas___________myschoolbag?Ifyoudon’thavesomemoneywithyou,please_______somefromyourfather.Please______yourdictionarywithyouwhenyougothere.3.howfarhowlonghowsoonhowoften---_________doyougotothezoo?---Igotheretwiceaweek.---_________willyougotoNanjing?---Iwillgothereinthreehours.---_________isitfromheretoyourschool?---It’saboutthreehours’walk.---_________willittakeforaparceltoreachNanjing?---ItwilltaketwodaysforittoreachNanjing.4.I’msorry.Pardon?=Begyourpardon?=Ibegyourpardon?Excuseme._______.I’mlateforschool._______,buthowcanIgettothenearestshop?---I’llhaveameetingtoattend.---_________?---IsaidIwouldhaveameetingtoattend.5.You’rewelcome.=It’sapleasure.=Mypleasure.=That’sallright.=Notatall.Itdoesn’tmatter.=That’sallright.=Notatall.Nevermind.---Ican’tfindmymother.WhatshallIdo?---________,myboy!Icanhelpyoutofindher.---I’msorryI’mlate.---____________________.---Thankyouverymuch.---___________________.6.Sb.+pay+money+for+sth.Sb.+spend+money/time+on+sth.=Sb.+spend+money/time+indoingsth.Sth.+cost+钱Sth.+cost+sb.+钱It+take(+sb.)+time+todosth.Thisbike_______50dollars.Didyou______muchmoneyforthecomputerlastweek?Thephone________him2500yuan.She________300yuanonthiscoatHowmuchdidyouspend________buyingtheticket?She_________3monthswritingthestorylastyear.It________me24hourstogotoBeijingbytrain.It___________her10yuan.7.fewafewlittlealittleShecanspeak________English,canshe?Youhavelearnt__________Englishwordsthisterm,haven’tyou?Thereis________inkinmybottle.SoIcanlendyousome._________studentscouldsingthesonglastyear,couldthey?Maryisn’t____________girl,isshe?8.joinjoinin=takepartinenterforattendenterIhaveanimportantmeetingto___________.Ourschoolsportsmeetingwilltakeplacenextweek.Haveyou________anyevents?Please_______usandplaytogether,willyou?She__________theroombutsawnobodyinit.He______________themathscontestlastweek.He_________________theChristmasPartynextweek.9.bothAandBneitherAnorBeitherAorBnotonlyAbut(also)BAaswellasB70\nIhaveonlyonetickethere._____you____yourfathercantakeit.Takeitifyouwant.I’mgoodatsports.Icanplay______football______basketball.________Jack_______MaryisgoingtoBeijingtomorrowandIwillseethemoffthen.Jack_________IplaysfootballeverydayexceptSunday.______you_____hegoestoschoolonSunday.SoyoucanbothgototheparkonSunday.10.arrivearrive(in)arrive(at)get(to)reacharrivehere/there/home=gethere/there/homeWhendidhe_________here?Pleasewritetomeassoonasyou____________Beijing.Heistooshortto_________theapplesonthetree.Myfriendswill__________thestationsoon.11.saysaytosb.+句子speakspeaktosb.talktalktosb.=talkwithsb.talkaboutsth.=talkofsth.telltellsth.tosb.>tellsb.sth.tellsb.todosth.Didhe_________atthemeeting?Whatdidhe_________atthemeeting?Doesyourparent_________EnglishorChinese?Canyou________whattimeitis?Whatdidhe_______youtodojustnow?She__________me,“Whatwillyoudotonight?”---Hello,canI________toJohn?---Sorry,hehappenstobeout.I’ll_______astorytoyousoon.---Whatareyoudoing?---Weare____________thepicture.Heis__________mymothernow.I’ll_________theteacheraboutit.Please________itinEnglish.12.listenlistentohearsoundSomeoneissingingintheroom.Canyou________hearit?Themusic_________beautiful.Hewas____________theradiothistimeyesterday.________!Whoisplayingthepianointheroom?13.seelooklookatwatchreadSheis__________today’snewspaper.________!Thebusiscoming.Canyou______it?You’regoingto_______TVinsteadof______afilmtonight.Don’ttalkanymore.____________theblackboard,please!14.lookforfindfindoutdiscoveryWho__________Americafirst,canyoutellme?I’m____________mywatchandI’msureIcan_______itsoon.Please____________whohasbrokenthewindow.15.usedtobe/getusedto+n.beusedto+v.Mygrandparents__________liveinthecountrysideandnowtheyliveinthecity.Andthey_______________livinginthecitynow.Doyouknowwoodcan____________makeintopaper.16.driveopenturnonbeginflyCanyou________thecar?Please_________thedoorforme.Whenshallwe__________ourmeeting?Iwill_________amodelplanethisafternoon.Don’tforgetto__________thelightwhenyouentertheroom.17.putonwearinLook!Heis______________aniceT-shirttoday.Thegirl__________aredskirtismydaughter.It’sverycoldoutside.Please__________yourcoat.18.riseraiseThesun_________intheeastandsetsinthewest.Please________yourhandsifyoucananswermyquestion.Heisgoodathisjob.Soonthemanagerwillgivehisa________.70\nTheriver_________threefeetaftertheheavyrainlastnight.19.stoptodostopdoingHestopped__________(cry)whenhesawhismother.Hestopped___________(watch)TVbecausetheprogrammeswerewonderful.20.neithereithersotooaswellShecanplayfootballandbasketball__________.TomsingswellandMarysingswell,______.=Tomsingswell.________doesMary.Ican’tflyaplane.Youcan’tflyaplane,________.=Ican’tflyaplane.______canyou.21.forgetforgettodoforgetdoingleaveDon’t________yourschoolbagwhenyoucomebackfromschool.He________hiswatchintheclassroomandhadtowentbacktogetit.Healwaysforgets__________(wash)hishandsbeforemeals.Don’tforget________(turn)offthelightwhenyouleavetheroom.22.AbefamiliartoBAbefamiliarwithBTheGreatWallisfamiliar________me.=Iamfamiliar______theGreatWall.23.fiveyearsoldfive-year-oldSheisa________________girl.=Thegirlis_____________.24.suchsoSheis_________aclevergirlthatshecandoiteasily.Thereare________manybeautifulplacestovisitthatIdon’twanttoleaveChinanow.Theproblemis_______hardthatIcan’tworkitout.25.sometimessometimesometimesometimesIgetupearlyinthemorning,but_______IgetuplateonSunday.Shehaswaitedforhermotherfor___________.Iwillgotovisityourfather________nextweek.ShehasbeentoBeijing_____________.26.trytodotrynottodonottrytodotrydoingtrynotdoingnottrydoingWemusttry__________(pass)ourfinalexams.Heknockedatthefrontdoor,buttherewasnoanswer.Sohetried_______(knock)atthebackdoor.Hetried_________(notbe)angry.He_____________(nottry)toworkhard.Heisreallyalazyboy.27.ifwhetherShewillgothere_______itisn’trainytomorrow.Iwanttoknow________youhavebeentherebeforeDoyouknow________heisastudentornot?Hedoesn’tknow_______togothereatonce.28.inchargeofinthechargeofJohnis____________ourEnglishteaching.Ourclassis_____________MrLi.29.belowunderaboveoverwithinonThereisaplane______thebuilding.Thereisapicture_________theblackboard.Thereisacow_________thebigtree._______thehelpoftheteacher,I’mbecomingmoreandmoreinterestedinEnglish.Don’tread________thesun.It’sbadforyoureyes.Watercanturnintoicewhenthetemperatureis_____________0℃Heisworking_______thestreetnow.There’sariver_______thehillandtherearemanyships________theriver.30.likeasWecoulduseaman______you.Sheisasclever_______hermother.______astudent,wemuststudyhard.31.anotherother+名复=otherstheothertheothers=therestIhavefourpencils.Oneischeapand_______areexpensive.Ihavethreesisters.Oneisateacher,________isaworkerandthethirdisawriter.There’remanystudentshere.Somearesinging,somearedrawingand__________aredancing.Ihavetwopenshere.Oneisredand________isblue.70\n32.lookforwardto+n./动名词beeagerto+doI’mlookingforwardto__________(start)thenewschoollife.Heiseagerto___________(go)abroadforhisfurtherstudy.33.everydayeverydayHegoestoschoolonfoot____________.Hedoeshis___________workverywell.34.searchsearchforPlease____________hispocketcarefully.I’m___________myEnglishbooknow.35.buthoweverHestudiesveryhard,_________hestilloftenfailshisEnglishexams.Hestudiesveryhard._________,hestilloftenfailshisEnglishexams.36.bebadforbeharmfultoDon’treadinbed.Itis__________toyoureyes.37.takeplace=beheld举行takeplace=happen发生taketheplaceofinsteadofinsteadOurschoolsportsmeetingwill_____________nextFriday.Acaraccident_____________inthestreetlastnight.Hewenttothecinema____________watchingTVathomeyesterdayevening..Hedidn’twatchTVathomeyesterday.________hewenttothecinema.MrLiisillinbed.Iwill_____________himtoattendthemeetingtoday.38.livelivelyalivelivingWaterisveryimportantto________thingsSheisstill________.Let’ssendhimtothehospitalatonce.Hisdaughterlookscleverand_________.Allofusloveherverymuch.Bequiet,please!Let’slistentothe________broadcastnow.39.wouldratherdowouldliketodoI____________stayathomewatchingTVinsteadofgoingoutinsuchbadweather.She___________togotherewithyou.40.quiteveryHeisa__________cleverstudentandsheis___________abeautifulgirl.41.who/whom/whose/which/what疑问代词when/where/why/how疑问副词_________makesyouthinkIamanexcellentteacher?_________didhesaythatfor?42.thinkof想起/想到/认为thinkabout考虑(做某事的可行性)thinkover仔细考虑Whatdoyou____________it?Sheis_______________theproblemattentively.Doyoureallywanttogotravellingwithus?Please______it_______.43.workonworkoutI’m___________it.Idon’tknowifIcan’t_______it________.44.putoffputoutputonputupWewillhaveto__________themeetingbecauseofthebadweather.Havethefiremen__________thefireinthatarea?It’sverycoldoutside.____________yourcoat,please!Ifyouwanttogettheticket,_________yourhandatonce.45.takeofftakeintakeuptakeawaytakeoutTheplanewill___________intenminutes.We__________Oxygenandbreatheoutcarbondioxide.Whohas____________today’snewspaper?IHaven’treadityet.Whendidyoustartto_____________thisjob?It’scoldhere.Don’t_____________yourcoat.He__________agunfromhispocketandbegantofiretheenemybravely.70\n2010.9初中英语辅导测试Name________Mark_______(本卷满分100分90分钟完卷)I.Choosethebestanswer(选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格内):(共20分)1.Somestudentsinmyclasswanttolearntoplay_____volleyballwhileotherswanttolearntoplay_______pianointheirsparetime.A)/…/B)the…/C)/…theD)the…the2.Maryreturnedtoschoolhappilyafterthe________winterholiday.A)22dayB)22-dayC)22daysD)22-days3.HowlongcanI________thebook?Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A)keepB)borrowC)useD)read4.–MayIspeaktoAlice?–Holdon,please.A)ThisisAlicespeaking.B)Sheisnothere.Hangupthetelephone.C)Keepitinyourhand.D)Don’thangupthetelephone.5.Canyoutellmehowyoumadethebaby________thismorning?A)tostopcryingB)stoptocryC)tostoptocryD)stopcrying6._______usefuladviceyou’vegivenme!A)WhatB)WhataC)WhatanD)How7._______you’veunderstoodit,Iwon’texplainittoyou.Whichisnotright?A)NowthatB)ForC)SinceD)As8.She_____beJack’smother.She_____beMary’s.Look!ShelookslikeMaryverymuch.A)can’t…mustB)mustn’t…canC)can…mustn’tD)must…can’t9.He’sgonetoJapan,_______he?A)isn’tB)wasn’tC)hasn’tD)doesn’t10.____thenightoflastWednesday,wehadseenthefilmforthreetimes.A)AtB)ByC)OnD)In11.There’re42studentsinourclass.20areboysand________aregirls.A)theothersB)othersC)theotherD)another12.RoseandherbrotherswenttoWashingtontwodaysago._____ofthemhavebeenback.A)NeitherB)OneC)NoneD)Either13.Jimisnowfeeling______togobacktoschoolafterstayinginbedforaweek.A)enoughwellB)wellenoughC)goodenoughD)enoughgood14.Whotaught______Englishwhenyouwereinschool?Itaught_____.A)your…meB)your…myselfC)you…myselfD)you…me15.Helikestohave_______foodin_______weather.A)freezing…freezingB)freezing…frozenC)frozen…frozenD)frozen…freezing16.Couldyouplease______yourvoicewhenyou____toanswerthequestions?A)raise…riseB)rise…raiseC)rise…riseD)raise…raise17.HewonderedifI_________hereinanhour.A)waitB)willwaitC)wouldwaitD)waited18..Look!Therain_______.Let’sgoonhavingourP.E.lesson.A)isstoppingB)stoppedC)hasstoppedD)willstop19.Tommyaswellashisparents______intheactivityand_____aprizeeveryterm.A)join…isawardedB)join…awardsC)joins…isawardedD)joins…areawarded20.Doyouknowwhentheschoolsportsmeeting____thisterm.?A)willbeheldB)holdsC)heldD)isheldII.Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsboxintheirproperforms(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)：(共6分)1.Isanybody__________today?(absence)2.Thisareahasbeen________pollutedsincethefactorieswassetupyearsago.(serious)3.Arethereanytelephone_________inthesmallmountainvillage?(serve)4.Haveyoumadeupa_________abouttheproblem?(decide)5.Janehasn’ttoldthe_________ofthematter.Sheis__________.(true,honesty)III.Rewritethesentencesasrequired（按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词）：（共10分）1.Sheusuallyhasthreeclassintheafternoonduringweekdays.(否定句)70\nShe______usually______threeclassintheafternoonduringweekdays.2.Ireallydon’tknowhowIcanworkoutthemathsproblem.(保持原意思)Ireallydon’tknow_____________workoutthemathsproblem.3.Thebicyclecostmeabout300yuanlastyear.(保持原意思)I_______about300yuan______thebicyclelastyear.4.Heusuallygoestothetheatretwiceamonth.(对划线部分提问)_____________doeshegotothetheatre?5.Whendidshewritethebook?(改为被动语态)When____thebook______byher?IV.Completethefollowingdialoguewithpropersentencesinthebox（选出适当的句子，完成下列对话）：（共8分）A:Excuseme,areyoufromBritain?B:1A:Thewayyouspeak.2B:Thistimelastyear.A:ThatistosayyouhavebeeninChinaforaboutoneyear.B:3A:HowdoyoulikeChina?B:4.Ilikeitverymuch.A:5.B:Thepeople,thefoodandthewonderfulplaces.A:6.B:No,Ihaven’t.Iamgoingtherenextweek.7.A:Certainly.Takethebusoverthere.Itwilltakeyourightthere.B:8.A:You’rewelcome.A.It’sgreat.B.Yes.Buthowdoyouknowthat?C.HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?D.Willyougotherewithme?E.Thanksalot.F.Bytheway,canyoutellmethewaytoShanghaiZoo?G.Yes,youareright.H.Whendidyouarrivehere?I.WhatdoyoulikeaboutChina?V.Readingcomprehension（阅读理解）：（共17分）(A)Threeengineersandthreeaccountants(会计师)aretravelingbytraintoaconference.Atthestation,thethreeaccountantseachbuyticketsandfindthatthethreeengineersbuyonlyasingleticket.“Howarethreepeoplegoingtotravelononlyoneticket?”asksanaccountant.“Watchandyou’llsee,”answersanengineer.Theyallgetonthetrain.Theaccountantstaketheirrespective(各自的)seatsbutallthethreeengineershideintoarestroom(公用厕所)andclosethedoorbehindthem.Shortlyafterthetrainhasstarted,theconductorcomesaroundcollectingtickets.Heknocksontherestroomdoorandsays,“Ticket,please.”Thedooropensjustacrack(裂缝)andasinglearmappearswithaticketinthehand.Theconductortakesitandmoveson.Theaccountantsseethisandagreeitisquiteacleveridea.Soaftertheconference,theaccountantsdecidetocopytheengineersonthereturntripsoastosavesomemoney.Whentheygettothestation,theybuyasingleticketforthereturntrip.Totheirsurprise,theengineersbuynoticketsatall.“Howareyougoingtotravelwithoutaticket?”saysoneperplexed（困惑的）accountant.“Watchandyouwillsee,”answersanengineer.Wheytheygetonthetrain,thethreeaccountantscram(挤)intoarestroomandthethreeengineerscramintoanotheronenearby.Thetrainstarts.Shortlyafterward,oneoftheengineersleaveshisrestroomandwalksovertotherestroomwheretheaccountantsarehiding.Heknocksonthedoorandsays,“Ticketplease.”70\nTrueorFalse（判断下列句子是否符合电话留言内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）:（5分）1.Theengineersandtheaccountantsgototheconferencebyair.2.Ontheirwaytotheconference,theengineerseachbuyticketsforthemselvesbutthethreeaccountantsonlybuyone.3.Theengineersthinkitisagoodideaandtheywanttocopytheaccountants.4.Itisclearthattheaccountantswillhavesometroubleonthetrain.5.Theengineersareclevererthantheaccountants.(B)ShoppingOnlineEveryyear,moreandmorepeopleareusingtheInternettoshop.That’sbecauseeveryyearmoreandmorepeoplearediscoveringthatshoppingontheInternetisfast,easyandsafe.Unlikemoststores,theInternetisopen24hoursaday,365daysoftheyear.Youcanshopatyourconvenience,fromyourhomeoroffice.Purchases(购买)madeovertheInternetareusuallycheaperandeasier.Typicallytheexperiencegoessomethinglikethis:Yougotothewebsitewhereyouplantomakethepurchase.Youbrowse(浏览)justasifyouwereinastore,thenyoufindwhatyouarelookingfor.Youclickona“link”(连接)showingthatyouwishtopurchasetheproduct.Youarethenchangedtoa“secure(可靠的)server（服务者）”.Alltheinformationsentoutfromthispointonisencrypted.Youwillbeaskedforyournameandaddress…andtheaddressyouwishthepurchasetobeshipped(thiscouldbeagiftforsomeoneelse!)Youwillbeaskedforyourcreditcardnumber.Youwillbegivenseveraldifferentshoppingoptions.Youwillbegivenanopportunitytocancelyourorder…orproceedwithit.It’sjustthateasy!Thecompanywillnotify(通知)youbye-mailwhentheproductwasshoppedandwhenyoushouldexpecttoreceiveit.Wesuggestthatyoutakethefollowingprecautions(预防)beforeyoubuyanythingovertheInternet:Shopwithcompaniesyouarealreadyfamiliarwith.Makesurethecompanies’websiteincludesarealstreetaddressandphonenumber.Creditcardinformationshouldonlybesentouton“secureservers”.Answerthequestions（根据短文内容回答下列问题）:（12分）1.WhyaremoreandmorepeopleusingtheInternettoshop?BecauseshoppingontheInternetis_________________________.2.CanyoushopontheInternetwheneverandwhereveryouwant?_____________________________.3.Whichischeaperandeasiertodotheshopping,ontheinternetorinusualstores?_____________________________.4.Howwillthecompanynotifyyouwhentheproductwasshopped?________________________________________.5.WhatshouldyoudobeforeyoubuyanythingovertheInternet?Weshould______________________________________.1.Isitnecessarytomakesurethatthecompanieshavetherealstreetaddressesandphonenumbers?______________________________.VI.Clozetest（完型填空）：（共34分）A.Choosethewordsorexpressionsandcompletethepassage（选择最恰当的单词或词语，完成短文）：（共14分）FromMondaytoFridaymostpeoplearebusyworkingorstudying,butintheeveningsandweekendstheyarefreetoenjoythemselves.Somewatchtelevisionorgotothemovies,others1sports.Thisisdecidedbytheirown2.Therearemanydifferentwaystospendourfreetime.Almosteveryonehassomekindof3:itmaybesomethingfromcollectingstampstomakingmodelplanes.Somehobbiesarevery4butothersdon’tcostanythingatall.Somecollectionsare70\nworthalotofmoney,othersarevaluableonlytotheirowners.Iknowamanwhohasacoincollectionworthseveralthousanddollars.Ashorttimeagoheboughtararefifty-centpiecewhich5___him$250!Hewasveryhappyaboutthiscollectionandthoughtthepricewasallright.Ontheotherhand,myyoungestbrothercollectsmatchboxes.Hehasalmost600ofthem,butIwonder6____theyareworthanymoney.However,Tomybrother,theyarequitevaluable.Nothingmakeshimhappierthantofindanewmatchboxforhiscollection.That’swhatahobbymeans,Ithink.Itissomethingweliketodoinourfreetimejustforthe7ofit.Thevalueindollarsisnotimportant,butthepleasureitgivesusis.1.A)looklikeB)takecareofC)thinkaboutD).takepartin2.A)livesB)interestsC)jobsD)things3.A)hobbyB)thingC)jobD)way4.A)interestingB)excitingC)cheapD)expensive5.A)paidB)costC)tookD)spent6.A)thatB)ifC)whatD)why7.A)moneyB)workC)funD)timeB.Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）：（共20分）Mrs.Greenwas91yearsoldandshelivedinanoldPeople’sHome.EveryweeksheboughtatfortheNationalLottery(彩票).Onedayshewonthefirstprize---twentymillionpounds!Thenursesdidn’tknowhtotellher,sotheycalledherdoctor.“Oh,dearme!”thedoctorsaid.“She’sgotaverywheart.Theshock(震惊)couldkillher.Ifyoutellherthenewssuddenly,she’llhaveaheart_a_______anddropdead.I’llgoandtellherm.”Thedoctorsatandtalked_w_____Mrs.Greenabouttheweatherfor5minutes.Thenhesaid,“Oh,bytheway,there’salotofnewsatheNationalLotteryprize.It’stwentymillionpoundsthisweek.”Mrs.Greenlaughed,“Doyouknowsomethingaboutit?Ibuyaticketeveryweek,ofcourseI’llnwin,butitgivesmesomethingtothinkabout.”“Well,”saidthedoctor,“whatwillyoudoifyouwinthatmuchmoney?”“I’vethoughtaboutthatalot.I’vegotnorelativesandI’m91yearsoldnow.Idon’tneedthatmuchmoney.You’vebeenmydoctorfor30yearsandyou’vealwaysbeenverykind.Iwouldghalfofitt_____you.”Atthatnews,thedoctorhadaheartattackanddroppeddead.VII.Writing：5分Writeatleast60wordsaboutthetopic"WhatIshoulddotomakemydreamcometrue".__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇芇薂蚇罿肀蒈蚆肁芅蒄蚅袁肈莀蚄羃莄虿蚃肅膆薅蚂膈莂蒁蚂袇膅莇螁羀莀芃螀肂膃薂蝿螂莈薈螈羄膁蒄螇肆蒇莀螇腿艿蚈螆袈肂薄螅羁芈蒀袄肃肁莆袃螃芆节袂袅聿蚁袁肇莄薇袁腿膇蒃袀衿莃荿衿羁膅蚇袈肄莁薃羇膆膄葿羆袆荿莅薃羈膂莁薂膀蒈蚀薁袀芀薆薀羂蒆蒂蕿肅艿莈薈膇肁蚆蚈袇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