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初中英语定语从句专项语法讲解一、定语从句的概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句及从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句及从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1.that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:Theman thatisspeakingatthemeetingisanadvancedworker.(that指人,作主语)第7页\nThisisthedoctor thatyoutalkedaboutyesterday.(that指人作宾语)ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.(that指物作主语)Theletter thatIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather.(that指物作宾语)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:Marylikesmusicwhichisquietandgentle.(which指物作主语)Thefilmwhichwesawlastnightwaswonderful.(which指物作宾语)3.who,whom用于指人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:Thisisthethiefwhostolemybike.(who指人,作主语) Heistheboywhomyouwantedtofind.(who指人,作宾语) Thegirlwhosemotherisadoctoriswaitingforyououtside.妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。作定语五、关系词只能用that的情况:第7页\n1.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。2.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?3.先行词被the only,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。4.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。5.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?第7页\n6.主句是therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:Thereisa book onthedeskthatbelongstoTom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。六、关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:1.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?2.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。3.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如:Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。 五、关系副词的用法 (1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。 (2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:Thisisplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。 (3)why指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:第7页\nNobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。初中英语定语从句专项语法练习()1.IlikethemusicIcandanceto.A.thatB.whoseC.whenD.how()2.Thebookheboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.A.不填B.whyC.whenD.what()3.ThisisoneofthebestfilmsIhaveeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.inthat()4.Thetownwevisitedafewyearsagoismuchlargethanbefore.A.itB.whoC.whichD.where()5.Theyoungladywemetyesterdayisournewmathsteacher.A.whatB.whoseC.whomD.which()6.ThemanissmokingthereisLiMing’sfather.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.whose第7页\n()7.Iliketheteacherclassesareveryinterestingandcreative.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whose()8.Iliketoliveinthehouseisbigandbright.A.thatB.whoC.howD.what()9.----Doyouknowthemancamehereyesterday?----Yes,hebroughtmethemostinterestingbookIhadwantedtobuy.A.who,whichB.who,thatC.whom,whichD.what,that()10.Ilovepeoplearefriendlytoothers.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD.who()11.Theskirtismadeofsilkisveryexpensive.Ican’taffordit.A.whatB./C.thatD.it()12.ThisisthegirlmotherisanEnglishteacherofourschool.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.第7页\nwhose()13.ThesongsAlicesangwereverypopular.A.whereB.whoC.thatD.whose()14.-Doyouknowthe man ______istalkingwithyourfather? -Yes,he’sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom()15.Thisisthebest hotel _____Iknowinthe city. A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it()16.Mywatchisnotthe only thing______ismissing. A.thatB.itC.whichD.who()17.The man ______coatisblackiswaitingatthegate A.who’sBwhoseC.thatD.ofwhich.()18.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister. A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was第7页