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精品文档,仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除初中英语变形规则 一、名词单数变复数规则:1、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。读音变化:结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。例:friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces 2、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。读音变化:统一加读[iz]。 例:bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes 3、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。读音变化:加读[z]。 例:candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories 4、以-o结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es,否则加-s构成复数。读音变化:加读[z]。例:tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes反例:silo→silos; piano→pianos(外来词); photo→photos; macro→macros(缩写词) 5、以-f或-fe结尾的名词,多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves,但有例外。读音变化:尾音[f]改读[vz]。例:knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves 反例:roof→roofs 6、不规则变形:man woman child foot tooth goose Mouse Frenchman Englishman ox Chinese Japanese sheep deer fish People police cattle man doctor 口诀:男人女人a变e,孩子后加ren;中国人和日本人,绵羊鹿鱼形不变;脚和牙齿还有鹅,就把oo变ee;mouse、mice是老鼠,公牛ox加en;人们警察牵小牛,单数形式复数意;男医生和女医生,man和doctor都变身。 二、动词第三人称单数形式构成规则 动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同,请认真观察。1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]。如: ①stop-stops [s] ; make-makes [s] ②read-reads [z] ; play-plays [z]2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”读[iz] 如:fly-flies [z]; carry-carries [z] study-studies [z]; worry-worries 【精品文档】第7页\n精品文档,仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为[iz] 如: teach-teaches [iz]; watch-watches [iz] 4、以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读[z] 如:go-goes [z] do-does [z]5、下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆。如: (1)、do [du:]-does [dz] (2)、say [sei]-says [sez] 以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是[s],[z]时,加“s”后字母“e”发音,与所加“s” 一起读做[iz]。如: close-closes [iz] (3)、be动词包括:am, is, are。第三人称单数用 is;过去式为 was;复数用are,过去式为were. 6、除上述规律外,还应注意下面三点: (1). 动词 have ,遇到主语是第三人称单数时,要用 has;动词 be 的第三人称单数形式是is。 (2). 含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子变否定句时,要用 doesn't + 动词原形,如: He goes to school at six in the morning. (变否定句)→ He doesn't go to school at six in the morning. (3). 对含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子提问时,要用助动词 does,如: She goes home at five every day. (对划线部分提问)→ When / What time does she go home every day? 一、动词的过去式和过去分词规则动词的过去式和过去分词是一样,变化规则如下:(一)规则动词过去式变化规则 1.一般情况直接加ed play---played 2. 以不发音e 为结尾的动词加 d like—liked live—lived 3.以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词,变 y 为i再加ed study -----studied cry-----cried 4. 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写词尾加ed stop----stopped (二)不规则动词的过去式 ( 根据所学单词量例举) buy------ bought 买 begin-----began 开始【精品文档】第7页\n精品文档,仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除bring------brought 带来 come ------came 来catch------caught 捉住,赶上 drink------drank 喝 drive-------drove 开车,驾驶 do----------did 做,或无词意作助动词 eat------ate吃 find----found发现 go-----went去 get-----got得到,到达,获得give------gave给 hurt-----hurt感到疼痛,受伤have-----had有 hide-----hid隐藏,把…藏起来keep-----kept保持,保护 know----- knew知道,懂得,了解lend-------lent借出 let-------let让 lose------lost失去,丢失 make----- made制造,制作meet-----met相遇,遇到 put-------put放run-----ran跑步 ride----rode骑read-----read读 see------saw看见say---said说 sing-----sang唱 sit------sat坐 sleep-----slept睡觉spell-----spelt拼写 stand----stood站立 swim -----swam游泳 speak ---spoke讲,讲话spend----spent度过,花费 take----took拿走teach----taught教 tell------told告诉think----thought认为,想 wake----woke唤醒wear--- wore穿,戴 write---wrote写win----- won赢1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied(1) AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形) cost(花费) cost cost cut(割) cut cut hit(打) hit hit hurt 伤害) hurt hurt let(让) let let put(放) put put read(读)read read spread (伸展/ 传播) spread spread【精品文档】第7页\n精品文档,仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除(2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)beat(跳动) beat beaten(3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形) become(变成)became becomecome(来) came come run(跑) ran run (4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形) dig(挖) dug dug get(得到) got got hang(吊死) hanged hanged hang(悬挂) hung hung hold(抓住) held held lay (产卵) laid laid shine(照耀) shone shone sit(坐) sat sat win (赢) won won meet(遇见) met met keep (保持) kept kept sleep(睡) slept slept sweep(扫) swept swept feel(感觉) felt felt flee (逃跑) fled fled smell(闻) smelt smelt leave(离开) left left build(建设) built built lend(借出) lent lent send (传送) sent sent spend(花费) spent spent sink (沉下)sunk /sank snuk /sunken lose (丢失) lost lost burn (燃烧) burnt burnt learn(学习) learnt learnt mean(意思是)meant meantcatch(抓住) caught caught teach(教) taught taught bring(带来) brought brought fight (战斗) fought fought buy(买) bought bought think(想) thought thought hear (听见) heard heard sell(卖) sold sold tell(告诉) told told say(说) said said find(找到) found found feed ( 饲养 )fed fedhave/has(有) had had make(制造) made made stand(站) stood stood smell (闻)smelled /smelt smelled /smelt stick (粘贴 /刺) stuck stuck spell (拼写)spelt/spelled spelt/spelled spit (吐唾沫)spat spat understand(明白)understood understood 【精品文档】第7页\n精品文档,仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除(5) ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形) begin(开始)began begun drink(喝) drank drunk hide (躲藏)hid hidden ring(铃响) rang rung sing (唱) sang sung swim(游泳) swam swum blow(吹) blew blown draw (画) drew drawn fly(飞) flew flown grow(生长) grew grown know(知道) knew known throw(投掷)threw thrown show(出示) showed shown break(打破)broke broken choose(选择)chose chosen forget(忘记)forgot forgotten (forgot) freeze (结冰/凝固)froze frozen speak(说) spoke spoken wake(醒) woke woke drive(驾驶)drove driven eat(吃) ate eaten fall(落下) fell fallen give(给) gave given rise(升高) rose risen take(取) took taken mistake(弄错)mistook mistaken ride(骑) rode ridden write(写) wrote writtendo(做) did done go(去) went gone lie(平躺) lay lain see(看见) saw seen wear (穿) wore worn be ( am, is, are )(是)was, were been 四、形容词的比较级和最高级变形规则 (一)规则变化如下: 1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er和 -est构成。great 2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st构成。 wide 3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er和 -est构成。 clever 4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier和-est构成. happy 5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er和-est。 big 6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。 Beautiful difficult 【精品文档】第7页\n精品文档,仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除(二)不规则变化如下: good-----better------best 好的 well------better------best 身体好的 bad------worse------worst 坏的 ill--------worse-------worst 病的 many--------more------most 许多 much------more--------most 许多 few------less-------least 少数几个 little-------less------least 少数一点儿 far------further------furthest 更进一步,程度 far------farther------farthest 更远,路程 old-------older------oldest 年老的(指年纪) old------elder-------eldest 年老的(指兄弟姐妹的排行)五、练习题动词第三人称单数形式构成规则巩固练习题:(一)、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式: sit-- guess-- die-- go-- rush-- reach-- touch-- brush-- fly-- copy-- say-- run-- do-- fix-- live-- cry-- enjoy-- have-- wish-- play-- Tie-- teach-- buy-- study-- drink-- go-- stay-- make-- look-- carry-- come-- watch-- plant-- fly -- do-- (二)、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup? 6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays? 7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 【精品文档】第7页\n精品文档,仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______(like) cooking. 12. They _______(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _______(do) your homework well. 15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed. 16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term. 20. -What day _______(be) it today? - It’s Saturday【精品文档】第7页