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初中英语变形规则(最新版)

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精品文档,仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除初中英语变形规则  一、名词单数变复数规则:1、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。读音变化:结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。例:friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces  2、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。读音变化:统一加读[iz]。 例:bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes  3、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。读音变化:加读[z]。 例:candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories  4、以-o结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es,否则加-s构成复数。读音变化:加读[z]。例:tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes反例:silo→silos; piano→pianos(外来词); photo→photos; macro→macros(缩写词)  5、以-f或-fe结尾的名词,多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves,但有例外。读音变化:尾音[f]改读[vz]。例:knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves 反例:roof→roofs  6、不规则变形:man  woman child foot tooth goose                Mouse Frenchman Englishman ox                Chinese Japanese sheep deer fish                People police cattle man  doctor  口诀:男人女人a变e,孩子后加ren;中国人和日本人,绵羊鹿鱼形不变;脚和牙齿还有鹅,就把oo变ee;mouse、mice是老鼠,公牛ox加en;人们警察牵小牛,单数形式复数意;男医生和女医生,man和doctor都变身。   二、动词第三人称单数形式构成规则 动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同,请认真观察。1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]。如:    ①stop-stops [s] ; make-makes [s]    ②read-reads [z] ; play-plays [z]2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”读[iz] 如:fly-flies [z]; carry-carries [z]    study-studies [z]; worry-worries 【精品文档】第7页\n精品文档,仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为[iz] 如:    teach-teaches [iz]; watch-watches [iz] 4、以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读[z] 如:go-goes [z] do-does [z]5、下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆。如:  (1)、do [du:]-does [dz] (2)、say [sei]-says [sez] 以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是[s],[z]时,加“s”后字母“e”发音,与所加“s” 一起读做[iz]。如: close-closes [iz] (3)、be动词包括:am, is, are。第三人称单数用 is;过去式为 was;复数用are,过去式为were.  6、除上述规律外,还应注意下面三点: (1). 动词 have ,遇到主语是第三人称单数时,要用 has;动词 be 的第三人称单数形式是is。 (2). 含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子变否定句时,要用 doesn't + 动词原形,如: He goes to school at six in the morning. (变否定句)→ He doesn't go to school at six in the morning. (3). 对含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子提问时,要用助动词 does,如: She goes home at five every day. (对划线部分提问)→ When / What time does she go home every day?  一、动词的过去式和过去分词规则动词的过去式和过去分词是一样,变化规则如下:(一)规则动词过去式变化规则  1.一般情况直接加ed     play---played   2. 以不发音e 为结尾的动词加 d       like—liked   live—lived   3.以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词,变 y 为i再加ed    study -----studied cry-----cried  4. 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写词尾加ed stop----stopped  (二)不规则动词的过去式 ( 根据所学单词量例举) buy------  bought   买             begin-----began    开始【精品文档】第7页\n精品文档,仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除bring------brought   带来           come ------came   来catch------caught  捉住,赶上      drink------drank   喝 drive-------drove  开车,驾驶         do----------did    做,或无词意作助动词 eat------ate吃                     find----found发现 go-----went去                     get-----got得到,到达,获得give------gave给                   hurt-----hurt感到疼痛,受伤have-----had有                    hide-----hid隐藏,把…藏起来keep-----kept保持,保护           know----- knew知道,懂得,了解lend-------lent借出                 let-------let让 lose------lost失去,丢失            make----- made制造,制作meet-----met相遇,遇到          put-------put放run-----ran跑步      ride----rode骑read-----read读              see------saw看见say---said说                 sing-----sang唱  sit------sat坐                sleep-----slept睡觉spell-----spelt拼写            stand----stood站立 swim -----swam游泳          speak ---spoke讲,讲话spend----spent度过,花费     take----took拿走teach----taught教             tell------told告诉think----thought认为,想      wake----woke唤醒wear--- wore穿,戴           write---wrote写win----- won赢1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied(1) AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)  cost(花费) cost cost       cut(割) cut cut  hit(打) hit hit      hurt 伤害) hurt hurt  let(让) let let     put(放) put put  read(读)read read       spread (伸展/ 传播) spread spread【精品文档】第7页\n精品文档,仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除(2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)beat(跳动) beat beaten(3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形)  become(变成)became becomecome(来) came come run(跑) ran run (4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)  dig(挖) dug dug          get(得到) got got  hang(吊死) hanged hanged      hang(悬挂) hung hung  hold(抓住) held held          lay (产卵) laid laid  shine(照耀) shone shone       sit(坐) sat sat  win (赢) won won               meet(遇见) met met  keep (保持) kept kept         sleep(睡) slept slept  sweep(扫) swept swept          feel(感觉) felt felt  flee (逃跑) fled fled            smell(闻) smelt smelt  leave(离开) left left          build(建设) built built  lend(借出) lent lent          send (传送) sent sent  spend(花费) spent spent        sink (沉下)sunk /sank snuk /sunken  lose (丢失) lost lost          burn (燃烧) burnt burnt  learn(学习) learnt learnt     mean(意思是)meant meantcatch(抓住) caught caught      teach(教) taught taught  bring(带来) brought brought    fight (战斗) fought fought  buy(买) bought bought          think(想) thought thought  hear (听见) heard heard       sell(卖) sold sold  tell(告诉) told told           say(说) said said  find(找到) found found         feed ( 饲养 )fed fedhave/has(有) had had             make(制造) made made  stand(站) stood stood      smell (闻)smelled /smelt smelled /smelt stick (粘贴 /刺) stuck stuck      spell (拼写)spelt/spelled spelt/spelled spit (吐唾沫)spat spat          understand(明白)understood understood   【精品文档】第7页\n精品文档,仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除(5) ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)  begin(开始)began begun        drink(喝) drank drunk  hide (躲藏)hid hidden        ring(铃响) rang rung  sing (唱) sang sung           swim(游泳) swam swum  blow(吹) blew blown           draw (画) drew drawn  fly(飞) flew flown            grow(生长) grew grown  know(知道) knew known         throw(投掷)threw thrown  show(出示) showed shown      break(打破)broke broken  choose(选择)chose chosen        forget(忘记)forgot forgotten (forgot) freeze (结冰/凝固)froze frozen     speak(说) spoke spoken  wake(醒) woke woke            drive(驾驶)drove driven  eat(吃) ate eaten            fall(落下) fell fallen  give(给) gave given           rise(升高) rose risen  take(取) took taken           mistake(弄错)mistook mistaken  ride(骑) rode ridden          write(写) wrote writtendo(做) did done              go(去) went gone  lie(平躺) lay lain          see(看见) saw seen  wear (穿) wore worn           be ( am, is, are )(是)was, were been  四、形容词的比较级和最高级变形规则 (一)规则变化如下:      1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er和 -est构成。great 2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st构成。   wide    3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er和 -est构成。  clever 4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier和-est构成.  happy  5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er和-est。  big 6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。 Beautiful difficult  【精品文档】第7页\n精品文档,仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除(二)不规则变化如下: good-----better------best  好的   well------better------best    身体好的  bad------worse------worst  坏的  ill--------worse-------worst     病的  many--------more------most 许多  much------more--------most       许多  few------less-------least    少数几个  little-------less------least   少数一点儿    far------further------furthest   更进一步,程度  far------farther------farthest   更远,路程   old-------older------oldest    年老的(指年纪)   old------elder-------eldest    年老的(指兄弟姐妹的排行)五、练习题动词第三人称单数形式构成规则巩固练习题:(一)、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式:   sit--         guess--            die--             go--   rush--        reach--           touch--            brush--   fly--         copy--            say--              run--     do--          fix--              live--            cry--   enjoy--       have--             wish--            play--   Tie--         teach--             buy--             study--    drink--       go--                stay--            make--    look--       carry--             come--            watch--    plant--      fly --              do--                   (二)、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup? 6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays? 7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 【精品文档】第7页\n精品文档,仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______(like) cooking. 12. They _______(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _______(do) your homework well. 15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed. 16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term. 20. -What day _______(be) it today?     - It’s Saturday【精品文档】第7页

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