高中英语之特殊句式教案 8页

-特殊句式一、倒装“主语+谓语”是英语句子的最基本结构。如果把谓语放在主语之前，该句就成倒装结构。1、完全倒装：谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子，便(1)在therebe结构中Therestandsanoldtreeonthetopofthehill.(2)在表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语，如：here,there,now,then,up,down,in,out,away,off,intheroom,onthewall等置于句首，且以名词作主语的句子Herecomesthebus.Awayflewthebirds.Outwentthechildren.Nowcomesyourturn.现在轮到你了。【注意】主语是代词就不用倒装，即主谓语序不变。Awayranthethief.Awayheran.2、部分倒装只把谓语的一部分（多为助动词或情态动词）置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。(1)否定词（hardly,seldom,never,rarely，innoway,undernocircumstances,bynomeans,notonly，，，butalso,notuntil）(2)表示否定或者半否定意义的副词，介词短语，连词等置于句首。否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表否定意义的介词短语atnotime,under/innocircumstances,innocase,bynomeans,onnocondition等置于句首时要倒装，不在句首则用正常语序。NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.HardlydoIthinkpossibletofinishthejobbeforedark.=Ihardlythinkitpossibletofinishthejobbeforedark.练一练1.Neverinmywildestdreams____B___thesepeoplearelivinginsuchpoorconditions.A.IcouldimagineB.couldIimagineC.Icouldn’timagineD.couldn’tIimagine2.Onlythen___D____howmuchdamagehadbeencaused.A.sherealizedB.shehadrealizedC.hadsherealizedD.didsherealize(3)so放在句首，So+adj./adv⋯，that意为“如此⋯⋯以至于⋯⋯”后接表语或状语，再跟that从句，so后面的主句要倒装，而that引导的从句不倒装。Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.Soeasyisthataboycanlearnin.如此容易，以至一个孩子都能学会。练一练?Sodifficult_____B__ittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforadvice.A.IdidfindB.didIfindC.IhavefoundD.haveIfound?_______B_____thatMarciwasabletosetupnewbrancheselsewhere.A.SosuccessfulherbusinesswasB.SosuccessfulwasherbusinessC.SoherbusinesswassuccessfulD.Sowashersuccessfulbusiness（4）①so+be／助动词／情态动词+主语，意为“⋯⋯也”Thatmanisadoctor,soishiswife.Helikespopmusicverymuch,sodoI.此句型也可写成“itisthesamewith，或“⋯”soitiswith。⋯”Theylovehavinglotsoffriends,“itisthesamewithme./soitiswithme.”so开始的简短反应如果是对别人说的情况加以肯定，对前面内容的肯定或附和，句子不可使用倒装。试比较：A：Iwasafraid.A:Iwasafraid.B:SowasI.B:Soyouwere.②neither/nor+be/助动词／情态动词+主语，意为“⋯⋯也不这样”。⋯I’veneverbeenabroad.Neitherhasshe.Theboycan’tswimandneither/norcanthegirl.此句型也可写成“itisthesamewith，⋯”或“soitiswith。⋯”Lilycan’tride,itisthesamewithLucy/soitisithwLucy练一练1.—It’sburninghottoday,isn’tit?—Yes,____A___yesterday.A.SowasitB.SoitwasC.SoitisD.Soisit2.—Myroomgetsverycoldatnight.—_____C_______A.SoismineB.SomineisC.SodoesmineD.Sominedoes(5)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时要倒装。OnlythendidIunderstandwhyshedidso.OnlyinthiswaycanyoustudyEnglishwell.Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1880washeabletocontinuethiswork.使用特点：①在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则需找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。---1--\n-Onlyafterthewarhelearnedthesadnews.(X)___________________________________________________________________________________②only修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装，主句要部分倒装。Onlywhenhereturneddidwefindoutthetruth.③only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装.Onlymothercanunderstandme.e.g.______B______snacksanddrinks,buttheyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest.A.NotonlytheybroughtB.NotonlydidtheybringC.NotonlybroughttheyD.Notonlytheydidbring对名词（或中心词是名词）感叹时，用what引导；对形容词或副词感叹时，用how引导。(6)as，though引导让步状语从句时采用形式倒装的情况①表语的倒装:Youngas/thoughheis,heknowssomeofthefamilysecrets.Strangeas/thoughitseems,itistrue.②谓语动词的倒装TryasImight,Icouldn’tliftthestone.Searchastheywouldhereandthere,theycouldfindnothingintheroom.③状语的倒装，Muchashelikesthebike,hedoesn’twanttobuyit.HardasIstudied,Icouldnotcatchupwiththem.如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词Childasheis,hecancarrythebigbox.Youngestasheisinourclass,hespeaksEnglishbest.练一练_____A_______,Tomcouldn’tmakethedooropen.A.TryasshemightB.AsshemighttryC.shemightastryD.mightsheastry二、强调Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余成分所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语或状语等，但不能是定语或谓语WecalledonProf.Wangathisofficethismorning.今早我们到王教授的办公室拜访了他。----Itwaswewho/thatcalledonProf.Wangathisofficethismorning.----ItwasProf.Wangwho/thatwecalledonathisofficethismorning.(1)这种强调句的一般疑问句只需把is(was)提前，即：Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余成分。Wasityourbrotherwhoworksinthatcompany?(2)特殊疑问句的强调句型只需在一般疑问句前加上特殊疑问词，即：特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+句子剩余成分.Whowasitthatwrotethesefamousplays?Wherewasitthatyoupickedupthewallet?1.ItwasalongtheMississippiRiver___C___MarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhood.A.howB.whichC.thatD.where2.Wheredidyougettoknowher?—Itwasonthefarm___D___weworked.A.thatB.thereC.whichD.wherenot⋯until句⋯型的强调句其强调句式为：Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其他成分。此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till，until可通用；Hedidn’tgotobeduntilteno’clock.→Itwasnotuntilteno’clockthathewenttobed.Ididn’trealizedshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.→Itwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar．_______________________________________________________________________强调句型中的it与作形式主语的it可根据能否恢复原句来判断，即把Itis/was和that去掉，如果剩下的成分仍然能构成一个完整的句子，这就是强调句型，否则就不是。Itistherethatwemeteachother.Itisclearthatnotallboyslikefootball.【注意】强调句型与Itis/was+时间+when/before从句的区别在“Itis/was+时间+when/before从句”中，it指时间，when/before引导的是时间状语从句。注意两种句型“时间”表达方式的不同。ItwasatmidnightthatIgotbackhomeyesterday.Itwasmidnightwhen/betoreIgobackhomeyesterday.强调句型，被强调的是时间状语，因此用介词短语表达；一般句型，时间以名词的方式表达，用来作表语。练一练?Itwas_____D____hecamebackfromAfricathatyear_______hemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry.---2--\n-A.when;thenB.not;untilC.notuntil;thatD.only;whenYouhaveneverbeentoBeijing,haveyou??【注意】?Itis/was⋯that/who结⋯构不能强调谓语。如果需要强调谓语，用助动词do，did或does。NothingiswrongwithyourTVset,isit?Idohopeyou’llstayunchtol.【注意】如果陈述部分含有由表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词，其反意疑问部分一般用否定式。Docomeheretomorrow.Hewasunsuccessful,wasn’the?Hedidattendthemeeting.Shelookedunhappy,didn’tshe??I____A___hopethateveryoneofuswillbesuccessfulinourstudies.4、陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句A.doB.didC.doesD.doing(1)当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，反意疑问部分的主语与谓语常和主句保持一致---?I’vebeenstudyingthescienceofouterspaceforthelasttenyearsandnowIstill___A__.A.amB.doC.beD.have三、反意疑问句主要考查主从复合句和并列句的反意疑问句Hesaidthathewouldcometomybirthdayparty,didn’the?(2)陈述部分的主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine，且主句主语为第一人称时，反意疑问部分的主语和谓语与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致；但动词不是一般现在时或一般过去时，疑问部分和主句的主语和谓语一致。陈述部分的主句主语为第二、三人称时，后面的疑问部分与主句的主语、谓语一致。---1、陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句Ithinkthequestionisdifficult,isn’tit?Idon’tthinkhecanfiishthework,canhe?(1)当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问部分用needn’t；当含有mustn’t（不允许、禁止）时，其反意疑问部分用must/may。Youmustgohomerightnow,needn’必你tyou?须得现在回家，对吗？Wehadneverthoughtthatitwasgoingtobesodifficult,hadn’twe?Youmustn’twalkongrass，mustyou?Youdon’tthinkIamwrong,doyou?你不能践踏草地，不是吗？(2)当must/may(might)表示推测，即must作“一定，准是”讲，分Nancydoesn’tbelievethatitisagoodideatobuythebiggercomputer,doesshe?2种情况：---(3)对现在的推测：看must后面的动词(2)对过去的推测：存在于musthave+过去分词时，有以下两种情况：①有过去时间状语，如lastnight,yesterday等，反问部分的谓语动词为didn’t+主语②没有具体得而过去时间状语。反问部分用haven’t/hasn’t主+语。Youmust/may(might)betirednow,___aren’tyou______?Youmusthaveseenthefilm,__haven’tyou_______?Hemusthavemetheryesterday,__didn’tyou_____?5、祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句后的附加问句不表示反意，而表示一种语气。其结构为：(1)否定祈使句，+willyou?(2)肯定祈使句，+will/won’tyou?(3)Let’s⋯,+shallwe?Letus⋯,+will/won’tyou?(4)Let+第三人称⋯，+willyou?Openthedoor,will/won’tyou?---2、陈述部分谓语动词为Let’sgooutforawalk,shallwe?oughtto/usedto的反意疑问句其反意疑问部分可采取两种形式；Letusgohomenow,will/won’tyou?HeusedtoliveinChina,usedn’t/didn6、回答反意疑问句时应遵循的原则’the?Sheoughttoknowaboutit,oughtn不管是陈述部分为否定，还是附加问句为否定，回答时只看所提到的事情是否已／会发生。如果发生了，用肯定回答，否’t/shouldn’tshe?用否定回答。如当对方问你Youaren’tateacher，areyou?或Youareateacher，arentyou?时，你只要听懂you和teacher两个3、陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句单词即可，如果你是老师，回答Yes，Iam.否则，回答No，Iamnot．当陈述部分带有no,noone,neither,nor,noneof,seldom，hardly，scarcely，never，few，little，nothing，nobody等否定词或??要么肯定到底，要么否定到底，不要出现类似于Yes，Idon’t或No，Ido.的形式。??半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。--\n-体验高考：---3--\n-1.Hemustbehelpingtheoldmantowatertheflowers,____B_____?A.isheB.isn’theC.mustbeD.mustn’the2.Sally’sneverseenaplayintheShanghaiGrandTheater,B______?A.hasn’tsheB.hassheC.isn’tsheD.isshe3.It’sthefirsttimethathehasbeentoAustralia,C____?A.isn’theB.hasn’theC.isn’titD.hasn’tit四、省略一、定语从句中的省略现象定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which，whom常可以省略。Thatisthenaughtyboy(whom/that)wetalkedlastweek.二、状语从句中的省略现象1．当状语①从句的主语和主句的主语一致，②且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，Hewon’tcomeunless(heis)invited.Ilearnedmuchofmechanicswhile(Iwas)atschool.机械2.如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，谓语动词部分没有be动词时，如果从句的谓语可以用动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词代替，则可以省略主语，如：Aftershesang,shelefttherichman’shouse.—Aftersinging,shelefttherichman’shouse.3.如果状语从句的主语和谓语部分是itis/was时，itis/was可以省略，此时构成“连词(if，unless，when，whenever等)+形容词”作状语。如：When(itis)necessaryyoucanhelpustodosomething.另外，我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容，此时可有“if+so/not省略”句式。Getupearlytomorrow.Ifnot(lfyoudon’tgetupearly),youwillmissthefirstbus.Hemaynotbeathomethen.Ifso(Ifheisnotathome),leavehimanote.?【注意】?当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，间或也有这样的省略。Herfathertoldhertobecarefulwhen(shewas)crossingthestreet.这时从句中可出现如下结构：(1)连词(as，asif，once)+名词Once(hewas)ateacher,henowworksinagovernmentoffice.(2)连词（though，whether，when）+形容词Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou’llregret.(3)连词(whether，asif，while)+介词短语Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething.(4)连词(when，while，though)+现在分词When(Iam)introuble,Ialwaysturntoherforhelp.(5)连词（when，if，evenif，unless,once,than,as）+过去分词Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected.(6)连词（asif，asthough）+不定式Heopenedhislipsasif(hewere)tospeak.三、不定式的省略1．单独使用不定式符号to，代替动词不定式后被省略的部分，常用在beafraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后边。Heinvitedmetohavedinnerwithhim,butIdidn’twantto(havedinnerwithhim).2．如果不定式中含有be，have，havebeen，通常保留be，have和havebeen。如：-Areyouasailor?-Hehasn’tfinishedyet.-No,butIusedtobe.-Well,heoughttohave.3．不定式充当宾语补足语在see,hear,feel,watch,make,have等感官动词和使役动词后，省略to，但在被动语态中须把to补上。例如;Wesawthecarstop.Thecarwasseentostop.4．否定形式的省略用notto.-ShallIgoinsteadofhim?-Ipreferyounotto.5．不定式符号to用在have，need，ought，begoing，used等后面Ididn’twanttogothere,butIhadto.6.不定式符号to用在某些形容词，如glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后面。-Willyoujoininthegame?-l’dbegladto.7.当but意为“除去，除开”，做介词时，前有动词do，其后to多省略；前是其他动词，其后则保留。Tomhadnothingtodobuthavearest.五、祈使句和感叹句一、祈使句1．否定式和强调式Don’topenthedoor.Neversaythatagain.Pleasedon’tforgettotakeyourmedicine.---4--\n-Dotellhimwhenyouseehim.2．带主语的祈使句(1)为了加强语气或要特别指明向谁提出命令或要求时，需加主语“you，”有时还可同时加称呼语。Tom,youwatertheflowers.(2)命令／吩咐几个人分头做几件事情时，祈使句需带主语“you，”还可同时带称呼。You,girls,cleanthedesks;you,boys,sweepthefloor.(3)在表达“不高兴，厌烦”，等情绪时，可带主语“you。”Youmindyourownbusiness!否定式为，要把don’t放在主语you之前，如：Don’tyoudothatagain.(4)祈使句的主语除了用“you外”，还可用“everybody，everyone，somebody，someone”等，它们可以放在句末。Bequiet，everyone！3．祈使句+and+陈述句句=if⋯⋯.+主句Workhardandyouwillsucceed=lfyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.二、感叹句1．基本构成形式(1)What(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！Whatabeautifulpictureitis!(2)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！Howwonderfulaplanyouhavemade!=Whatawonderfulplanyouhavemade!【注意】在复数可数名词和不可数名词之前不可用“how+形容词”构成感叹句，而只能用what。(正)Whatgreatchangeswehavehadtheseyears!（误）Howgreatchangeswehavehadtheseyears!(正)Whatgoodnewsitis!（误）Howgoodnewsitis!(3)How+形容词／副词+主语+谓语！Howkindthegirlis!HowfluentlyshespeaksEnglish!2．省略形式的感叹句3．(1)how直接修饰谓语动词：How+主语+谓语！Howthewindblows!风真大啊！(2)省略主语和谓语Howinteresting(itis)!Whatacleverboy(heis)!练一练：1.____D____rolesheplayedinthefilm!NowondershehaswonanOscar.)A.HowinterestingB.HowaninterestingC.WhatinterestingD.Whataninteresting2.Mary,___D____here——everybodyelse,staywhereyouare.A.comeB.comesC.tocomeD.coming一、特殊句式试题演练1..(2016河北保定二模）ProfessorSalovery,whoinventedthetermEQ,givesthefollowingdescription:Atwork,itistheEQthatgetsyoupromoted.2.(2016天津.13改编）Youarewaitingatawrongplace.Itisatthehotelthatthecoachpicksuptourists.3.(2015安徽合肥名校联考）ItwasnotthewordyousaidthatangeredMr.Zhang,buthowyousaidit.4.（2015天津3）OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheofficedidsherealize(realize)thatshehasleftthecontractathome.5.(2014陕西17）NosoonerhadMoYansteepedonthestagethantheaudiencebrokeintothunderousapplause.6.(2017江西师范大学附中模拟）Wasn’ittheicyroadratherthanthedriversthatwastoblamefortheseriesoftrafficaccidents?7.(2017湖南五市十校联测）Youshouldbefullypreparedbeforegoingwalkinginthemountain.Aboveall,bring(bring)plentyofdrinkingwaterwithyou.8.(2016江苏）Notuntilrecently__did____theyencouragethedevelopmentoftourist-relatedactivitiesintheruralareas.9.(2015北京31）If(youare)accepted(accept）forthejob，you’llbeinformedsoon.10.(2016北京24）Observe（observe）carefullyifanychangeoccurswhendoingexperimentsinthelab.11.(2016重庆10）—IspenttwoweeksinLondonlastsummer.—ThenyoumusthavevisitedtheBritishMuseumduringyourstay,didn’tyou?12.(2016天·津卷)Givemeachance,____and____I'llgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.13.(2017四川宜宾二诊）“Onlytwocentimetershigher,andyouwillbreaktheworldrecord,”encouragedthecoach.14.(2016山东部分重点中学联考）Yes,ofcoursetheycelebrateChristmashere,andthereareobviouslydisplaysinshopsandChristmasmarkets,butthereseemtobenosignsofChristmasaverts.15.(2017江西南昌三中检测）—WheredidyouhavethediscussionwithProfessorSnow?—Itwasintheclassroomwherewehadabiologylessonthatwehadthediscussion.16.(2017安徽江南十校联考）Withsomanygoodfriendstogetherwithyou,youmusthavebeenhappyduringthepastNational---5--\n-GoldenWeek,weren’tyou?二、强化训练1.短文改错Thismorning,whenIwaswalkingonthestreets,Isawthattwotravelerswerereadingamap,lookedpuzzled.Itseemedthattheywerelost.IwentupandaskedwhatIcouldhelpthem.TheytoldmetheyarelookingfortheTempleofHeaven.IledthemtonearestbusstopandadvisedthemtotakethemtotakeBusNo.20,whocouldtakethemtheredirectly.Theywereappreciatedmyhelpgreatly.Shortafterthat,thebuscameandwavedgoodbyeeachother.ThiswasseeingthemonthebusthatIfeltakindofsatisfaction.1.streets改为street2.Looked改为looking3.What改为how/if/whether4.Are改为were5.Nearest前加the6.Who改为which7.去掉appreciated前的were8.Short改为shortly9.goodbye后加to10.This改为It2.语法填空Arichlandownerdecidedtoleavepossessionstooneofhistwosons.Ashelayonthedeathbed,hecalledthetwoyoungmentohimbeforethebreakofdawnandevenbeforethecockcouldcrow.Hethensaid，“Iwillleaveallmyearthtoonewhocanbestfillthisroom.ItwasinthisroomImadeplansonhowtobuildupmyfortune.Notaninchmust(leave)uncovered.AsIamgetting(weak)bythehouryoubothmustcomebackbymidnight”.Hehandedthemasmallpieceofsilverandanemptybagtoputtheir(purchase)in.Theybothwentoutand(hurry)camebackwiththeirpurchases.(bring)thestraw,theelderbegantospreaditaroundthefloor,farfromfillingtheroom.Itdidnotevencoverhalfthespace.“Thisisnouse,son.”saidthefather,“andletmeseehowyourbrotherfillstheroom.His”bagTheayoungerlargesontook--\n-candle,setitonthethetableinthecenteroftheroomandlitit.Abrilliantbrightlightfilledupthewholeroom.Thefatherwas(delight)andexclaimed,“son,Iamwillsureuseyouthewealthwell.1.the2.that3.beleft4.weaker5.purchases6.hurriedly7.havingbrought8.but9.from10.delighted---6--