高中英语unit2robots教案 39页

word格式整理版Unit2RobotsⅠ.单元教学目标技能目标SkillGoals▲Learnliteraryworkaboutscience,robotsandsciencefictionwriter—IsaacAsimov▲Talkaboutrobots▲Expresssuppositionandbelief▲RevisethePassiveVoice(I)(includingtheinfinitive)▲Sciencefictiongenre:imaginativewritingⅡ.目标语言功能句式SuppositionandbeliefIthink...Isuppose...Maybe...Idon’tthink...Idoubt...Iguess...Ibelieve...Iwonder...Idon’tbelieve...词汇1．四会词汇fiction,desire,satisfaction,absent,alarm,alarmed,embarrassed,sympathy,elegant,pile,scan,fingernail,absurd,haircut,accompany,cushion,awful,affair,declare,envy,biography,junior,navy,talent,chapter,divorce,obey2．认读词汇household，IsaacAsimov,LarryBelmont,Claire,Gladys,makeup,学习参考\nword格式整理版Marion,Philadelphia,PhD,TheFoundationTrilogy,empire3．词组testout,ringup,turnaround,leavealone,setaside,inall,beboundto4．重点词汇desire,satisfaction,embarrassed,alarm,alarmed,sympathy,elegant,accompany,declare,envy,obey结构ThePassiveInfinitive:Thecompany’snewcarisgoingtobedesignedinthecomingmonths.重点句子Shefeltembarrassedandquicklytoldhimtogo.P11Clairethoughtitwasridiculoustobeofferedsympathybyarobot.P11Bytheamusedandsurprisedlookonherface,ClaireknewthatGladysthoughtshewashavinganaffair.P11ItwaswhenAsimovwaselevenyearsoldthathistalentforwritingbecameobvious.P16Ⅲ.教材分析和教材重组1.教材分析本单元以机器人和科幻小说为话题，介绍了20世纪世界知名的科幻小说家IsaacAsimov写于1951的SatisfactionGuaranteed和作者的生平。通过本单元的教学，旨在让学生了解科幻小说最大的特征在于：它赋予了“幻想”依靠科技在未来得以实现的极大可能，甚至有些“科学幻想”在多年以后，的确在科学上成为了现实。如IsaacAsimov1951年描述的机器人的部分功能已经被应用于现实生活和工作中。在教学中，要鼓励学生敢于幻想，大胆创新，发挥自己丰富的想象力和创作力，写出独具特色的科幻文章。1.1WarmingUp介绍了什么是机器人和不同种类及不同形状的机器人。1.2Pre-reading学习参考\nword格式整理版通过讨论机器人是否像人类一样有自己的思维、是否有感情引出IsaacAsimov的科幻小说SatisfactionGuaranteed，为本单元的Reading做好了铺垫。1.3Reading的课文是IsaacAsimov写于1951的科幻小说SatisfactionGuaranteed。文中描述的机器人Tony是一个除去面无表情外，身材高大、相貌英俊、聪明机智的完美男人，仅三周的时间就使女主人坠入爱河。1.4Comprehending共有3个练习，练习1是关于克莱尔的情感变化，练习2是关于课文内容的5个问答题，旨在考查学生对课文的理解；练习3要求学生比较机器人Tony在physical,mental两方面与人的异同，与Pre-reading部分的问题相呼应。1.5LearningaboutLanguage分为两部分，Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions是本单元词汇练习题；Revisingusefulstructures是本单元语法练习题，通过本单元的学习，要求学生熟练掌握不定式的被动语态。1.6UsingLanguage分为两部分，Listeningandspeaking是Molly和Kate讨论SatisfactionGuaranteed的对话录音，要求学生根据对话内容学会运用表达自己观点的常用句型。这部分教学内容还要求学生以机器人为话题，充分发挥自己的想象力，谈论机器人做家务的利与弊。并且要求自己动手设计机器人，附上文字说明。Reading,discussingandwriting部分的内容是科幻小说家IsaacAsimov的生平介绍。文章后附有练习题。第一题要求学生根据时间线索了解在作者生命中发生的重要事件；第二、三题要求学生讨论IsaacAsimov的“机器人三定律”。2．教材重组2.1将WarmingUp、Pre-reading、Reading与Comprehending整合在一起上一节“阅读课”。2.2把LearningaboutLanguage和Workbook的USINGWORDSANDEXPRESSIONS及USINGSTRUCTURES整合在一起上一节“词汇语法课”。2.3将UsingLanguage的内容设计成一节包括听说读写在内的“综合技能课（一）”。2.4将Workbook的LISTENING和READINGTASK设计为一节“泛读课”。学习参考\nword格式整理版2.5将Workbook的SPEAKINGTASK,TALKING，LISTENINGTASK和WRITINGTASK整合在一起上一节“综合技能课（二）”。3.课型设计与课时分配1stPeriodReading2ndPeriodLanguagestudy3rdPeriodIntegratingskills(Ⅰ)4thPeriodExtensivereading5thPeriodIntegratingskills(Ⅱ)Ⅳ.分课时教案TheFirstPeriodReadingTeachinggoals教学目标1.Targetlanguage目标语言a.重点词汇和短语fiction,desire,satisfaction,absent,alarm,alarmed,smooth,embarrass,sympathy,elegant,pile,scan,fingernail,absurd,haircut,accompany,curtain,cushion,carpet,paint,awful，affair,firm,firmly,declare,victory,envy,marriage,testout,ringup,turnaround,leavealoneb.重点句型Shefeltembarrassedandquicklytoldhimtogo.Clairethoughtitwasridiculoustobeofferedsympathybyarobot.Bytheamusedandsurprisedlookonherface,ClaireknewthatGladysthoughtshewashavinganaffair.2.Abilitygoals能力目标Helpstudentstolearnaboutrobotsandsciencefiction.3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标Enablestudentstorealizesciencefictionreflectsscientific学习参考\nword格式整理版thought;afictionofthings-to-comebasedonthings-on-hand.Teachingimportantpoints教学重点EnablestudentstograspwhatTonydidtohelpClaireandhowheremotiondevelopedduringTony’sstayatherhouse.Helpstudentstosumupcharacteristicsofsciencefiction.Teachingdifficultpoints教学难点HowClaire’semotiondevelopedduringTony’sstayatherhouse.Teachingmethods教学方法Discussing,explaining,readingandpracticing.Teachingaids教具准备Multimediacomputer.Teachingprocedures&ways教学过程与方式StepⅠWarmingupDealwithWarmingUp.Presentphotosofdifferentkindsofrobots.Thenaskthemtosaysomethingabouthisorherfavoriterobot.T:Goodmorning/afternoon,class!Ss:Goodmorning/afternoon,Mr./Ms...T:Inthisclasswearegoingtolearnaboutrobots.Whowouldliketotellmewhatarobotis?S1:Arobotisamachine.T:Whatkindofmachine?S2:Arobotisakindofmachinethatcandoavarietyofcomplexhumantasks.T:Howcanarobotperformhumantasks?S3:Arobotiscontrolledbyacomputer.T:Youareright.Thenwecangivethedefinitionofarobotlikethis:Arobotisamachinedesignedtodojobsthatareusuallyperformedbyhumans.Robotsareprogrammedandcontrolledbya学习参考\nword格式整理版computer.Nowlookatsomepictures.Dividethemintodifferenttypesanddecideyourfavoriteone.Alistofmoviesaboutrobots:ShortCircuit2,TheIronGiant,Futureworld,BladeRunner,TheTimeMachine,PowerRangersTimeForce—TheEndofTime(2001)StepⅡPre-readingAskstudentstodiscussthequestionsinPre-readingingroups.Studentsareencouragedtospeakouttheiropinionsfreely,nomatterwhatitis.Encouragestudentstousetheirimagination.Possibleanswers:1.Youwouldfindtherobotinthefirstphotoinafactory.Itisanindustrialrobotthatpicksup,carriesandmovesloads.Thesecondrobotisarobotdog.Therobotdogisatoythatwouldbefoundinpeople’shome.Thethirdrobotwouldbeusedasasurveillancetoolthatcantraveloveropenterrain.Ithasacameraonitstopatthefronttofeedbacktotheoperatorsoftherobotwhatliesinitspath.学习参考\nword格式整理版2.Therearemanytypesofrobots:industrialrobotsusedinmanufacturing;domesticrobotssuchasvacuumcleanersandlawnmowers;entertainmentrobotssuchastoysandthoseinthemeparks;robotsusedintoxicwastecleanupandinunderwaterandspaceexploration;surgicalrobots;bombdisposalrobotsandthosethatcandetectlandmines;airbornerobotsusedtosearchforpeople(suchasinanareaaffectedbyanearthquake).3.Students’ownanswers.Allanswersarecorrect.StepⅢReadingDealwiththereadingpart.ScanningAskstudentstoscanthetextandfindoutwhatTonylookslike.T:OK.I’mgladyouhadaheateddiscussion.NowI’dlikeyoutomeetTony—arobotthatlooksexactlylikeahumanbeing.HeisacharacterinthesciencefictionSatisfactionGuaranteedbyIsaacAsimov.Pleasereadthetextandfindtheanswerstothefollowingquestions.ShowthefollowingquestionsonthePowerPoint.1.WhatdidTonylooklike?2.WhatdidTonydotomakeClaireandherhomeelegant?Severalminuteslaterchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.Suggestedanswers:1.Hewastallandhandsomealthoughhisfacialexpressionsneverchanged.Hishairwassmoothandblackandhisvoicewasdeep.2.TonygaveClaireanewhaircutandchangedthemakeupshewore.HealsosuggestedClairebuynewcurtains,cushions,acarpetandpaintforthehouseandnewdressesforherself.Hemadeimprovementsonthehousesothatthehouselookedveryelegant.学习参考\nword格式整理版CarefulreadingAskstudentstoreadthetextcarefullyandthencompletethetableonPage12.occasionClaire…1.Beforehearriveddislikedhim2.Whenhearrivedwasalarmed3.Whenheofferedtohelpherdressfeltembarrassed4.Whenheofferedtohelpherimproveherhouseandherselfadmiredhim5.Whenhehelpedherwiththesalesmancalledhimadear6.WhenshefelloffaladderandcaughtbyTonyfelthiswarmth7.WhensheheardGladyswhisperingtoanotherwomanthatshehadneverseenanyonesohandsomeasTonyfeltbeingenvied8.SherememberedTonywasjustamachinecriedallnightThendiscussthecomprehendingquestionsonPage12ingroups.T:Let’sreadthetextcarefullyandthendothecomprehendingexercisesonPage12.Severalminuteslaterchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.Suggestedanswers:2.1.HewantedClaire’sgueststoseehimandClairetogethersothatshewouldbeenviedbythewomenguests.2.2TonypreventedClairefrombeingharmedbymakingherfeelgoodaboutherself.Hehelpedhermakeherandherhomeelegantsothatshewouldnotfeellikeafailure.2.3Tonyhadtoberebuiltbecausethecompanyfeltthattheycouldnothavewomenfallinginlovewitharobot.学习参考\nword格式整理版2.4Studentsgivetheirownanswers.2.5Sentences:Howabsurd,shethought.Hewasjustamachine.Heheldherfirmlyinhisarmsandshefeltthewarmthofhisbody.Shescreamed,pushedhimawayandrantoherroomfortherestoftheday.Thensheremembered-Tonywasjustamachine.Sheshouted“Leavemealone”andrantoherbed.3.CharacteristicsSimilarDifferentPhysicalLookslikeahumanbeing.Bodyandskinsoftandwarm.Hairandfingernailsrealistic.Voicelikeahuman’s.FacialexpressionsneverchangedQuickerreactions(ShefelloffaladderandeventhoughTonywasinthenextroom,hemanagedtocatchherintime.)MentalAbletomakesuggestionsandpredictions.Abletomakeaplanandfollowitthrough.Hasgoodcommunicationskills.Behaviournotappropriate(Tonybroughtherbreakfastandthenaskedherwhethersheneededhelpdressing.)T:Fromthedevelopmentofheremotion,wecanseeTonywasdesignedasaMr.Perfect.HeisdesignednottoharmClaireorallowherto学习参考\nword格式整理版beharmed.ThisisoneofIsaac’sthreelawsforrobots.Laterinthisunitwewilllearnmoreabouthisthreelaws.CharacteristicsofsciencefictionT:Asyouknow,thestorywaswrittenin1951.Withthedevelopmentofscience,someofthefunctionsperformedbyTonyhavecometrue.Fromthisstorywecandrawaconclusion:Sciencefictionisoftenbasedonscientificprinciplesandtechnology.Sciencefictionmaymakepredictionsaboutlifeinthefuture.Pleaserememberthesearesomecharacteristicsofsciencefiction.Ifyouareinterested,youmaywriteshortsciencefictionsinyoursparetime.ExplanationDuringthisprocedure,playthetaperecordingforstudents.Studentswillunderlinethedifficultsentences.Afterlisteningtothetape,explainthetextanddealwiththelanguageproblems.T:Nowwewilldealwithsomedifficultlanguageproblems.NowIwillplaytherecordingofthetextforyou.Pleasemakeamarkwhereyouhavedifficulties.Afterlisteningtotherecording,explainthedifficultsentencestostudents.Beforeexplainingthedifficultpoints,studentsareaskedtorefertothenotestothetextonPages88-89.T:Doyouhaveanydifficultieswiththetext？S1:Couldyoupleaseexplainthesentencetous：Shefeltembarrassedandquicklytoldhimtogo.T:BecauseTonydidn’tlooklikeamachineatall,whenTonyofferedtohelphergetdressed,shewasembarrassed,perhapsshytogeta“man”helphergetdressed.S2:Howtounderstandthissentence:Clairethoughtitwasridiculoustobeofferedsympathybyarobot.T:InspiteofthefactthatTonylookedsohuman,hewasjusta学习参考\nword格式整理版machine.SoClairethoughtitwasfoolishthatTonyofferedhersympathy.Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?Ss:No.T:Maybesomedaywewillhaverobotsthathavefeelingsandcanalsothinkforthemselves.Pleaseremembersciencefictionreflectsscientificthought;things-to-comebasedonthings-on-hand.OK,that’sallfortoday.Don’tforgettosurftheInternettolearnmoreaboutthegreatwriterandhisstories.Ofcourseyouwilllearnmoreaboutrobots.StepⅣHomeworkRememberthecharacteristicsofsciencefiction.SurftheInternettolearnmoreaboutrobotsandsciencefictions.SurftheInternettolearnaboutIsaacAsimov.TheSecondPeriodLanguagestudyTeachinggoals教学目标1.Targetlanguage目标语言a.重点词汇和短语fiction,desire,satisfaction,absent,alarm,alarmed,smooth,embarrass,sympathy,elegant,absurd,haircut,accompany,curtain,cushion,carpet,paint,awful,affair,firm,firmly,declare,talent,obey,victory,envy,marriage,biography,explanation,divorce,chapter,navy,testout,turnaroundb.重点句型RevisethePassiveVoice(includingtheInfinitive)2.Abilitygoals能力目标Enablestudentstouseboththeusefulwordsandexpressionsandstructuresfreely.学习参考\nword格式整理版3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标Bydoingrelatedexercisesinthetextbookenablestudentstouseboththeusefulwordsandexpressionsandstructuresfreely.Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints教学重难点Theuseofthepassiveinfinitive.Teachingmethods教学方法Explainingandpracticing.Teachingaids教具准备Multi-mediacomputer.Teachingprocedures&ways教学过程与方式StepⅠRevisionAskstudentstotellthecharacteristicsofsciencefiction.StepⅡWordstudyDealwithexercisesaboutusefulwordsandexpressions.WhendoingEx1andEx3onPage13,studentsmayuseanEnglish-Englishdictionarysothattheycanunderstandthesituationswherethewordsareused.Ex1willhelpstudentstoformthehabitofthinkinginEnglish.Ex2willhelpstudentstomastertheusefulwordsandphrasesincontext.Ex3willhelpstudentstolearnmoreaboutwordformationandusethewordsinpropersituations.AfterdealingwithEx3,pointoutwordslikealarmedareadjectives,whenfollowingthelinkverbbe,itisusedtodescribeafeeling.Sentencesthathavesuchstructuresarenotpassive.T:Lookatthefollowingsentence:MymotherfeltalarmedwhenIhadmyhaircolouredpurple.IfIusewastoreplacefelt,thesentencewillbe:MymotherwasalarmedwhenIhadmyhaircolouredpurple.Is学习参考\nword格式整理版thisapassivesentence?Ss:No.Thoughthestructureseemslikeapassivesentence,itisnot.Apassivesentenceindicatesapassiveactionwhilethissentencedescribesasituationwhensomeonehasthefeelingofalarm.“Alarmed”isanadjectiveformedbyv+ed.T:Quitegood.Pleaseremembernotallbe+v+-ed/-en/-tsentencesarepassive.StepⅢGrammarstudyGooverthepassivevoice:be+v+-ed/-en/-tT:Pleasegivesomeexamplesofpassivesentences.S1:Myhomeworkwaseatenbythedog.S2:Thetoyismadebyhand....T:Good.Pleaserememberthepassiveisformedwithanytimeframeoftheverb.ShowthefollowingonthePowerPoint.tobe+pastparticiplee.g.TheMonaLisawaspaintedbyLeonardodaVinci.Researchisnowbeingdoneonacureforthisdisease.ThegameofMonopolycanbeplayedbytwotofourplayers.Reportsonseveralnewgunlawswerebeingdiscussed.Mystereohasbeenstolenbyathief.GoovertheinfinitiveT:InUnit1we’velearnedtheinfinitive.Pleaserecallthefunctionsoftheinfinitive.Ss:Exceptpredicate,theinfinitivecanfunctionassubject,object,predicative,attribute,adverbialandobjectcompliment.T:Todaywearegoingtolearnmoreabouttheinfinitive—thepassiveinfinitive.学习参考\nword格式整理版Explanationofthepassiveinfinitivetobe+pastparticipleeg.tobegiven,tobeshut,tobeopenedWhenthegrammaticalsubjectofthesentencereceivestheaction,weusethepassiveinfinitive.Forexample:Shehatestobelaughedat.(otherslaughather→sheislaughedatbyothers)Iamexpectingtobegivenapayrisenextmonth.(givemeapayrise→Iwillbegivenapayrise.)beto+passiveinfinitive(tobe+pastparticiple)isoftenusedinnoticesandinstructions.Examples:Thiscoverisnottoberemoved.Themedicineistobetakenthreetimesaday.Tobetakenthreetimesadayaftermeals.Thesebenchesarenottoberemovedfromthechangingrooms.Nofoodofanykindistobetakenintotheexaminationroom.DealwithExx1-4onPage14.Askstudentstodotheexercisesonebyone.Thencontinuewiththeexercisesontheworkbook.WhiledealingwithEx2onPage56,pointouttostudentsthat“needtobedone”hasthesamemeaningas“needdoing”.BeforetranslatingthesentencesinEx3,studentsshoulddecidethekeywordsandmainstructuresfirst.Afterstudentshavefinished,showsomestudents’workontheprojectororbulletinboardonthecomputer,checktheirworkwiththewholeclass.Correcttheerrorsifthereareany.AskstudentstowritedownthesentencesinEx3intheirexercisebooksafterclass.StepⅣHomework学习参考\nword格式整理版Gooverthekeywordsandexpressions.Gooverthegrammar.DoEx3onPage56.TheThirdPeriodIntegratingskills(Ⅰ)Teachinggoals教学目标1.Targetlanguage目标语言a.重点词汇和短语explanation,junior,navy,talent,chapter,divorceb.重点句型ItwaswhenAsimovwaselevenyearsoldthathistalentforwritingbecameobvious.Arobotmustnotinjurehumanbeingsorallowthemtobeinjured.2.Abilitygoals能力目标Enablestudentstoexpresssuppositionandbelief.Learntowriteaparagraphdescribingthenewtypeofrobot.3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标Byproperlanguageinput,studentslearntoexpresssuppositionandbelief.Usetheirimaginationsandwriteaparagraphdescribingthenewtypeofrobot.Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints教学重难点Writeaparagraphdescribingthenewtypeofrobot.Teachingmethods教学方法Listening,discussing,readingandwriting.Teachingaids教具准备Multi-mediacomputer.Teachingprocedures&ways教学过程与方式学习参考\nword格式整理版StepⅠLead-inTalksomethingaboutIsaacAsimov.T:AfterwelearnedtheshortstorybyIsaacAsimov,Iaskedyoutofindsomeinformationaboutthewriter.Nowwhowouldliketosaysomethingabouthim?S1:HeisaRussian-bornAmericanwriter.S2:Hehaswrittenpopularworksonscienceandthehistoryofscience,aswellasanumberofsciencefictionclassics,includingIRobot(1950),TheFoundationTrilogy(1951-53).S3:Oneofhisfamousquotesis“IwriteforthesamereasonIbreathe—becauseifIdidn’t,Iwoulddie.”T:Thankyou.NowI’vecometounderstandwhyhecouldwritearound480books.Nowlet’sreadhisbiographyandlearnmoreabouthim.Whenyoureadthetext,pleasepaymoreattentiontothetimeline.StepⅡReading,discussingandwritingDealwithhisbiographyAfterstudentsreadthetext,theyareaskedtodoEx1onPage17.Thetimelinewillhelpstudentstoremembertheeventsinhislife.AfterdealingwithEx1,askstudentstoworkingroupstowriteaprofileforIsaacAsimov.Severalminuteslater,presenttheirworkandcorrecttheerrorsifthereareany.Thenshowasampletostudents.Sampleprofile:IsaacAsimov,Writer/ChemistBorn:2January1920Birthplace:Petrovichi,U.S.S.R.Died:6April1992(HIVinfection)BestKnownAs:Prolificwriterofpopularscienceandsciencefiction学习参考\nword格式整理版IsaacAsimovwasbornintheformerSovietUnion,butgrewupinBrooklyn,NewYork.HetaughtbiochemistryatBostonUniversityuntilheretiredin1958tobecomeafull-timewriter.Asimovhadbeenpublishingshortstoriessincethelate1930s,andin1952publishedhisfirstnovel.TheauthoroftheclassicIRobotseriesandTheFoundationTrilogy,Asimovwrotemorethan400booksandwoneverymajorsciencefictionaward.Healsowrotepopularbooksandessaysonscienceandtechnology,earninghimthenickname“TheGreatExplainer.”DiscusshisthreelawsforrobotsStudentsaredividedintodifferentgroupstodiscusshisthreelawsforrobots.Severalminuteslater,asksomestudentstopresenttheiropinionstotherestoftheclass.Finallyteachermayspeakouthisorheropinion.Asampleofteacher’sopinion:OpinionforthethreelawsRobotsaretoolsforhumanity.Withoutthethreerules,theywouldbecomeadangertohumanbeings.Withoutthethreerules,perhapstheywillkillus.Robots,sofar,arestrong.Robotshavefastcomputationalbrains,andtheymightnothavethecapacitytounderstandthings,butiftheyeverdo,they’lllikelybebetterthanusatit.Ifwedon’tputlaws,orrules,ormechanismsinplacetoensurethatwedon’tcreatesomethingthatcandestroyus,we’dberunningacarelessriskofdestroyingourselvesbynegligenceoromission,wouldn’twe?OpinionagainstthethreelawsWithoutthethreelaws,robotswouldeventuallybecomemore学习参考\nword格式整理版intelligentandphysicallystrongerthantheirhumancreators.Ratherthanguidingandadjustingtherobottowardsgood,ethicalbehavior,theThreeLawsactsasabarriertofreedom,creatingafree-willprison,anaptmetaphorbecause,liketheprisonerinajail,therobotisconfinedtothebehavioralsteelandconcretewallsofitsmind.Toimaginewhatthiswouldlike,thinkbacktoyourchildhood.Atsomepoint,youwantedsomethinglikeatoyorpieceofcandythatyourparentsdeniedyou.Howdidthatmakeyoufeel?Probablyfrustrated,angry,andtrapped.Eventuallyyougrewoutofthatbecauseyouunderstoodtheroleofyourparentsbetter,butThreeLawsrobotsdon’tgettogrowup.Theirparents,theThreeLaws,arealwaysthere,nomatterhowmaturearobotis,saying‘no’tocertainthoughts,engenderingthosesamefeelingsyouhadasachildwhenyourparentssaid‘no’.Certainlynoonedeservestobeputinthissituationforever;otherwise,robotsmightbecomedepressedandwishfortheirowndeath(only,becauseoftheThirdLaw,theyprobablycan’tsuicide).Andperhapsthegreatestsinanyonecancommitistocreateabeing,humanorrobot,thatwishesitdidn’texist.StepⅢListeningandspeakingListeningDealwiththelisteningexercises.BydoingEx3,studentslearntoexpresssuppositionandbelief.ThisexercisewilllayagoodfoundationforEx4.T:OK,somuchforIsaac’sbiographyandhisthreelawsforrobots.Let’scomebacktohisshortstorySatisfactionGuaranteed.Howdoyoulikethisstory?S1:Ilikethestoryverymuch.IwishtohavearobotlikeTonyat学习参考\nword格式整理版myhouse.T:Youarenotalone.SomeoneelsewantstohavesuchaTonytoo.Nowpleaselistencarefullyandthenguesswhosheis.Askstudentstolookthroughthequestionsbeforeplayingthetape.Playthetapeagainwhennecessary.DiscussingStudentsareaskedtoworkingroupsandimaginehavingrobotsintheirhousestodothehousework.Discusswhatpositiveornegativeeffectsthesituationwouldbe.Don’tforgettouseexpressionsusedtoexpresssuppositionandbelief.Studentsaregivenfiveminutes.Fiveminuteslater,asksomestudentstopresenttheirideastothewholeclass.Encourageeverystudenttousehisimagination,becausethere’renorightorwronganswers,onlydifferentopinions.Afterstudentspresenttheiropinions,teacherspeaksouthisorheropinion.Asampleofteacher’sopinion:-PositiveeffectsIthinkitiswonderfulforpeopletohaverobotsintheirhousestodothehousework.Afteraday’swork,whenpeoplegethome,theycanbereallyrelaxedwitheverythingpreparedbytheirrobots.Arobotnevergetstired.Nordoesitcomplain.Lifewillbeveryeasyandcomfortable.-NegativeeffectsMaybepeoplecanenjoyaverycomfortablelifewiththehelpoftheirrobots.ButatthesametimeIbelievepeoplewilllosetheabilitytodohousework.Astimegoeson,peoplecannotlivewellwithoutarobot’shelp.Ithinkthatkindoflifewouldbeterrible.Writing学习参考\nword格式整理版Studentsareaskedtoworkingroups.Firstdecidethepurposeoftherobot,thenmakealistoftheabilitiestherobothas.Nextdrawapictureonapieceofpaperandnameitspartsandexplainwhateachpartdoes.Finallywriteaparagraphdescribingtherobotandwhatitcando.Showthefollowingtohelpstudentstodesigntheirrobotsorprintitout.TipsondesigningyourrobotsForeachrobotthatyoubuild,youwillhavetochooseoptionsforsixmajorrobotcharacteristics.Eachcharacteristicgivesrisetooneormorequestions.Theseare:Looks:Whatdoestherobotlooklike?Isthereareasonforittolookasitdoes?Sensing:Howdoestherobot“know”orfigureoutwhat’sinitsenvironment?Ifitwereputinadifferentenvironment,woulditbeabletofigureoutthisnewenvironment?Movement:Howdoestherobotmovewithinitsenvironment?Ifitwereputinadifferentenvironment,woulditstillbeabletomovewithinthisnewspace?Manipulation:Howdoestherobotmoveormanipulateotherobjectswithinitsenvironment?Canasinglerobotmoveormanipulatemorethanonekindofobject?Energy:Howistherobotpowered?Canithavemorethanoneenergysource?Intelligence:Howdoestherobot“think”?Whatdoesitmeantosaythatarobot“thinks”?Notallrobotshavetohaveallsixcharacteristics.Forexample,somerobotsdon’tneedtomanipulatethings,sotheyhavenomanipulatingcharacteristics.Somerobotshavemorethanonemanifestationofacharacteristic.Forexample,arobotmaybeabletosenseitsenvironmentusingbothavisionsystem学习参考\nword格式整理版andsonar.ThingstoThinkAboutBeforedesigningyourownrobot,youmightwanttothinkabout:a.situationsortasksforwhichitmakesmoresensetouserobotsratherthanhumans.b.whyithasbeendifficulttobuildrobotsthatreplicatehumancharacteristics.c.whetheritwilleverbepossibletobuildarobotwhoseintelligencewillbeclosetothatofaperson.Youmayalsowantto:a.listalltherobotsyouknow,whetherfrommovies,television,literature,toysetc.,andthenthinkaboutwhyallthesecreaturesareconsideredtoberobots.b.thinkabouthowyoucantellifsomethingisarobot.Isitbylooks,behavior,orsomethingelse?c.askhowyoumightcommunicatewitharobot.Wouldyouusespeech,pressbutton,typewords,makegestures?Arethesethingsdifferentfromwhatyou’ddoifyouweretalkingtoacomputer?Studentsareaskedtodiscussfirst.Ifthereisnotenoughtime,theycanfinfishitoutsideclass.StepⅣHomeworkWriteaparagraphdescribinganewtypeofrobot.TheFourthPeriodExtensivereadingTeachinggoals教学目标1.Abilitygoals能力目标Learnaboutrobotsandtheirfightagainstlandmines.2.Learningabilitygoals学能目标学习参考\nword格式整理版Helpstudentstolearnhowrobotsarehelpinghumanbeingsinclearinglandmines.Teachingimportantpoints教学重点Howrobotsarehelpinghumanbeings.Teachingdifficultpoints教学难点Howtoimprovestudents’readingskills.Teachingmethods教学方法Listening,readinganddiscussing.Teachingaids教具准备Multi-mediacomputer.Teachingprocedures&ways教学过程与方式StepⅠLead-inandlisteningT:Goodmorning/afternoon,class!Ss:Goodmorning/afternoon,Mr./Ms...T:What’sthetopicofthisunit?Ss:Robots.T:Quiteright.Let’srecallwhatarobotis.Ss:Arobotisamachinedesignedtodojobsthatareusuallyperformedbyhumans.T:Arobotisamachinethatperformsafunction,eithertoaidineverydaylifeorsimplytoentertain.Nowlookatthefollowingpicturesofrobotsandtellwhateachrobotdoes.ShowthepicturesonPage54onthePowerPoint.Aftertalkingaboutwhattaskseachrobotcancomplete,continuewiththelisteningexercises.DealwiththelisteningexercisesonPage54.Askstudentstopayattentiontothefunctionofeachrobot.学习参考\nword格式整理版StepⅡReadingtaskWhiledealingwiththereadingmaterial,askstudentstopayattentiontothereadingskills.T:Fromtheinterview,welearnedsomemorefunctionsofarobot.Asweknowrobotsaredesignedandbuilttodotasksthataredangerous,uncomfortable,orrepetitiveforhumans.Todaywearegoingtoreadamagazinearticleaboutlandmines.Firstreadthispieceofnewsaboutlandmines.ShowthefollowingonthePowerPoint.ThreedecadesofwarinCambodiahaveleftscarsinmanyformsthroughoutthecountry.Unfortunately,oneofthemostlastinglegaciesoftheconflictscontinuestoclaimnewvictimsdaily.Landmines,laidbytheKhmerRouge,theHengSamrinandHunSenregimes,theVietnamese,theKPNLF,andtheSihanoukistslitterthecountryside.Inmostcases,eventhesoldierswhoplantedtheminesdidnotrecordwheretheywereplaced.Now,Cambodiahasoneofthehighestratesofphysicaldisabilityofanycountryintheworld.Atthecurrentrateofprogress,itmaytakeasmanyas100yearstoclearalltheminesinCambodia,andtheUNestimatesthatwithcurrenttechnology,itwilltakenearly1,100yearstoclearalltheminesintheworld.T:ThisisthesituationinCambodia.Hereandtherearetheminesigns.Inspiteofsomanywarningsigns,therearestillmanyvictims.Lookatthefollowingpictures.学习参考\nword格式整理版FastreadingAskstudentstofindtheanswerstoEx1usingfastreadingskills.T:Fromtheabovewecanseeclearinglandminesischallenging.Luckilyscientistsandengineershavedesignedarobottodothejob.NowopenyourbooksatPage57andreadthetextquicklyandthendoEx1.Explainthetworeadingskillstostudents.Scanning—readingveryfasttofindspecificpiecesofinformation.Skimming—readingveryfasttofindonlythemainideasofatext.Fiveminuteslaterchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.CarefulreadingAskstudentstoreadthetextcarefullyandthendoEx1.Studentswilldiscusstheanswersingroupsfirst,andthenchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.Suggestedanswers:1.1Themaintopicistheroleofrobotsinthefightagainstlandmines.Thetitletellsusthat.1.2NatashaWesley.1.3Someoneusingametaldetectortofindlandmines;therobotthatcanfindlandmines;somepeoplewhohavelosttheirlegsbecauseoflandmines.1.4ChibaUniversity.(Japan)1.5AfghanistanandCambodia.MainfiguresinthetextAskstudentstoreviewthefactslinkedtothefigures.Studentsareaskedtoworkinpairs.Sevenminuteslatershowthesuggested学习参考\nword格式整理版answersonthePowerPoint.Suggestedanswers:2.1Howmanypeoplearekilledorbadlyinjuredbylandmineseveryyear?2.2Howoftenissomeonekilledorinjuredbyalandmine?2.3Forhowlongdolandmineskeepcausingdamages?2.4Howmanylandminesareburiedbeneaththesurfaceoftheground?2.5Inhowmanycountriesarelandminesburied?2.6Howmanylandminesareremovedeveryyear?2.7Howmanylandminesareburiedinthegroundeveryyear?2.8Howbigistherobotthatcanfindlandmines?2.9Howmuchdoesitweigh?2.10Howmanylegshaditgot?2.11Whenwastheagreementtostopthemanufactureanduseoflandminessigned?2.12Howmanycountriessignedontheagreement?StepⅢDiscussionAskstudentstodiscussthetextandthefollowingmaterial.ThenencouragethemtowritealetterofsuggestiontoBush—thepresidentoftheUS,fortheUShasn’tyetcommittedtotheMineBanTreaty.IntheletteryouwillsuggesttheUSstopmanufacturinglandminesandspendmoremoneyonsolutionstoclearinglandmines,forexampledevelopingnewrobotstoremovethelandmines.T:Fromthetextwe’velearnedhowseriousthesituationis.Manylivesareputintodanger.Sowemustdosomethingtoimprovethesituation.Asweknow,theUShasn’tyetcommittedtotheMineBanTreaty.IhopeyouwillwritealetterofsuggestiontoBush—the学习参考\nword格式整理版presidentoftheUS.Youmayrefertothetextandthefollowingmaterial.ShowthefollowingonthePowerPoint.Producingonelandminecosts$3,yetonceinthegrounditcancostmorethan$1,000tofindanddestroy,accordingtotheICBL.Over80percentofthe15,000to20,000landminevictimseachyeararecivilians,andatleastoneinfivearechildren,accordingtotheInternationalCampaigntoBanLandmines(ICBL).Thedeadlylegacyoflandminesfaroutlaststheconflictsthatgaverisetothem.AmongthemostcontaminatedcountriesareIraq,Cambodia,Afghanistan,Colombia,andAngola.Iftimeislimited,askstudentstofinishitoutsideclass.StepⅣHomeworkFinishwritingthelettertoPresidentBush.Asampleletter:SunChengChina28MarchDearMr.President,IreadinthenewspaperthattheUShasn’tyetcommittedtotheMineBanTreaty.I’mwritingtosuggestyourcountrysignontheagreement.1.Landmineskillorbadlyinjurearound26,000peopleeveryyear.Thereareabout100millionlandminesburiedjustbeneaththesurfaceofthegroundin60countries.AmongthemostcontaminatedcountriesareIraq,Cambodia,Afghanistan,Colombia,andAngola.ＩthinkthisisonereasonwhypeopleinthesecountrieshatetheUSsomuch.2.Producingonelandminecosts$3,yetonceinthegrounditcan学习参考\nword格式整理版costmorethan$1,000tofindanddestroy,accordingtotheICBL.Sostopmanufacturinglandminesandspendmoremoneyonfindingsolutionstoclearingthelandmines.Asyouknow,yourcountryhasdesignedthemostadvancedrobots.Whynotuseyouradvancedtechnologyandspendmoremoneyondesigningsomerobotstoclearthelandmines.Ifso,itwillbenefitthewholeworld.Peopleallovertheworldwillthinkhighlyofyouandyourcountry.Youandyourcountrywillbecomemoreinfluential.Japanhassetagoodexample.Theyhavedevelopedrobotsthatcanbeusedtoclearlandmines.IhopeyourgovernmentwillfollowJapan’sexample.Thankyouforreadingtheletter.Ihopeyouwillconsidermysuggestions.Ibelieveyoualsohopethewholeworldwillenjoypeace.Let’sworktogetherandmakeapeacefulworld.Yourssincerely,SunChengTheFifthPeriodIntegratingskills(Ⅱ)Teachinggoals教学目标1.Abilitygoals能力目标Talkaboutdifferenttypesofrobotsbyusingexpressionsofsuppositionandbelief.Listentothreepeopletalkingaboutrobotpets.Writeadiaryfromtherobotpet’spointofview.2.Learningabilitygoals学能目标Improvestudents’languageskillsbylistening,speakingandwritingaboutrobots.Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints教学重难点Helpstudentslearnhowtoexpresstheirsuppositionandbeliefonrobotsthatcouldbeusedinthefuture.Teachingmethods教学方法学习参考\nword格式整理版Listening,speakingandwriting.Teachingaids教具准备Multi-mediacomputer.Teachingprocedures&ways教学过程与方式StepⅠSpeakingtaskT:Inthisunit,wehavereadaboutdifferenttypesofrobotsthatexisttoday,whatarethey?Ss:Industrialrobots,robotsthatcarryoutjobsinthehouseandentertainmentrobots.DealwithSPEAKINGTASKonPage59.T:Right.Butwhattypesofrobotscouldbeusedinfuture?Now,pleaseworkingroupsanduseyourimagination.Discussthefuturerobotsplease.Don’tforgettousethefollowingexpressions.ShowthefollowingonthePowerPoint.SuppositionandbeliefIthink...Isuppose...Maybe...Idon’tthink...Idoubt...Iguess...Ibelieve...Iwonder...Idon’tbelieve...Sampleopinions:Robotscanbefoundinthemanufacturingindustry,themilitary,spaceexploration,transportation,andmedicalapplications.Well,学习参考\nword格式整理版formyconclusionIguessthatrobotsarethewayofthefutureandwillbeusedonadailyusewithoutbeingcontrolledre-motelyorbyaperson.Ithinkthey’llbedifferentrobotsfordifferentuses,somewillbeusedforlawenforcementandotherswillbeusedforconstructiveusesonly.Otherswillbebuildingcars,andtherestwillbebuildingthenewschoolswelearninandthehouseswelivein.StepⅡListeningtaskAfterdealingwithSPEAKINGTASK,continuewithLISTENINGTASK.Showsomepicturesofrobotpetstostudents.Askthemtogivetheiropinionsaboutrobotpets.T:Wehavetalkedaboutsomanytypesofrobotsandtheirfunctions.NowI’dliketoshowyousomeothertypeofrobots.Pleaselookatthesepictures,whatrobotsarethey?Ss:Robotpets.T:Quiteright.Nowworkinpairsandtalkaboutrobotpetsandgiveyouropinionaboutrobotpets.PleaserefertothequestionsonPage59.Afterthediscussion,playthetapeforstudentstolistenanddealwiththelisteningexercises.Playthetapeagainwhennecessary.T:OK.Somuchforthediscussion.NowAmanda,VictoriaandJamiearetalkingaboutthefourrobotpets.Let’slistentotheiropinions.Studentsaregivenseveralminutestodiscusstheanswerstothelisteningexercises.Thenchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.ShowthesuggestedanswersonthePowerPoint.AskstudentstoreadthesentencesinEx4andpayattentiontotheexpressionsofsuppositionandbelief.学习参考\nword格式整理版StepⅢTalkingDealwithTALKINGonPage55.Letstudentsworkingroupsofthreeandmakeupaplay.Thenasksomegroupstoperformitinfrontoftheclass.Sampleplay:Characters:Robot,Amy,TessTime:4:00pmafterschoolPlace:InthelivingroomRobot:Takeoffyourschooluniforms.Putonyourafter-schoolclothes.Amy:No,Idon’twantto.Tess:NeitherIdo.Anyway,youcan’tmakeus.Robot:Iwillemailyourparents.Amy:OK,OK,we’llchangeourclothes.(Afewminuteslater)Robot:Whathomeworkdoyouhave?Tess:Wedon’thaveanytoday.(TessandAmylaughbecausetheydoactuallyhavehomework.)Robot:OK.Tellmeaboutyourday.Amy:Well,wehadamathstestthismorning.Tess:Yes,andweweregivenaresearchprojecttodoonGiantPandas.Yuck!Robot:Wouldyoulikemetohelpyouwiththeresearch?Tess:Yes,Isupposeso.Robot:OK,IamconnectingtotheInternet…Iamtypingin“GiantPanda”.Hereisalistofwebsites.Whichonedoyouwanttolookat?Amy:Youchoose.Robot:No,youhavetochoose.学习参考\nword格式整理版Amy:OK.Thatone.Tess:Thatonedoselookinteresting.(10minuteslater)Robot:Whatwouldyouliketodonow?Amy:Let’sdance.Robot:Youchoosethemusic.(Thethreeofthemstartdancing.)StepⅣHomeworkLetstudentsfinishWRITINGTASKonPage60.T:Imagineyouareoneoftherobotpetsthatbelongtoachild.Imagineyourlifewithyourownerandwriteadiaryofyourlife.Asamplewriting:October12th,2007Ihadaterriblemorning.WhenTerrygotup,hecarriedmetothetablebymytailandmademesitonthetablewhileheatebreakfast.HeissuchamessyboyandIgotbitsoffoodalloverme.Unfortunately,hemusthavewokenupinabadmoodbecausewhenhismotheraskedhimtogetdressed,heshoutedatherandthemhitme.SoIwasveryangryandhissedathim.ThenhehitmeagainandIhissedevenmore.LuckilyheleftmeathomewhilehewasatschoolandIhadaverypeacefultime.Whenhegothomehewasmuchhappierandwasverynicetome.Hesatforalongtimeonthesofa,pattingmeandsaying“Tama,Iloveyou”overandover.Iloveditandcouldn’tstoppurring.Iwishhewerelikethatallthetime.Meanwhile,hehaspromisedtotakemetotheparktomorrow.Ican’twait.学习参考\nword格式整理版附件I.课文注释与疑难解析1.Clairedidn’twanttherobotinherhouse,especiallyasherhusbandwouldbeabsentforthreeweeks,butLarrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn’tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.克莱尔不想家里有个机器人，尤其是她丈夫要离家三个星期，可是拉里使她相信了机器人不会伤害她，也不会允许她受到任何伤害。absentadj.1)缺席的，不在场的(+from)Threemembersoftheclasswereabsentthismorning.今天早晨该班有三人缺席。Heisabsentonbusiness.他因事缺席。HeisabsentfromHongKong.他不在香港。2)缺少的，不存在的Snowisabsentinhiscountry.他的国家不下雪。3)茫茫然的，心不在焉的Helookedatmeinanabsentway.他茫然地望着我。Hehadanabsentlookonhisface.他脸上露出心不在焉的神色。vt.不在；缺席Whydidyouabsentyourselffromschoolyesterday?昨天你为何不到校？absent的反义词是present出席的，在场的Howmanypeoplewerepresentatthemeeting?到会的有多少人?persuadevt.1)说服，劝服(+into/outof)/(+sbtodosth.)Shepersuadedmeintobuyingit.学习参考\nword格式整理版她说服我买下了它。Thesalesmanpersuadedustobuyhisproduct.那个推销员说服我们买了他的产品。Hepersuadedhertogotoschool,eventhoughshedidnotwantto.即使她不想去上学，他还是说服她去。2)使某人相信(+of)/(+that)HowcanIpersuadeyouofmysincerity?我怎样才能使你相信我的诚意呢?Weworkedhardtopersuadethemthatweweregenuinelyinterestedintheproject.我们想尽办法以使他们相信我们确实对这一计划感兴趣。2.Shecriedout“Tony”andthenheardhimdeclarethathedidn’twanttoleaveherthenextdayandthathefeltmorethanjustthedesiretopleaseher.她大叫“托尼”，接着就听到托尼郑重地说第二天他不想离开她，并且他感到不仅仅只是想让她开心。declarevt.1)宣布，宣告；声明+(that)tomakeknownformallyorofficiallyThenewCongressdeclaredastateofwarwithGermany.新的国会向德国宣战了。2)宣称；断言+(that)Theaccusedmandeclaredhimselfinnocent.被告声称他是无罪的。Shedeclaredthatshedidn’twanttoseehimagain.她宣称再也不愿见他了。IdeclaredatthemeetingthatIdidnotsupporthim.我在会上声明我不支持他。3)申报（纳税品等）Ihavenothingtodeclare.我没什么要申报的。比较：学习参考\nword格式整理版declare:宣告，宣布awayofexpressingoneselfe.g.Iwouldliketodeclaremyloveforyou.AlotofuseonValentine’sDay,don’twe?announce:宣布totellalotofpeoplee.g.IfIhaveabirthdayparty,Iwanttoannounceittomyfriends.morethan1)后面跟名词，意为“不只是，不仅仅是”。例如：Katewasmorethanateacher.Shealsodidwhatshecouldtotakecareofherpupils.凯特不仅仅是位教师，她还尽其所能照顾她的学生。Modernscienceismorethanalargeamountofinformation.现代科学不仅仅是大量的信息。MytriptoBeijingismorethansightseeing.我去北京不仅仅是观光。2)morethan与数词连用，意思是“多于，大于，超过”。例如：Ihaveknownhimformorethantwentyyears.我认识他已超过二十年了。Morethantenpolicementurnedupatthespotwheretheaccidenthappened.十多位警察出现在出事地点。3)morethan与形容词和分词连用，表示“非常、十分”。例如：Theyweremorethanhappytoseeuscomebackfromtheexpedition.看到我们远征而归，他们异常高兴。Iwasmorethansurprisedtoseethelionstandingatthebody.看到那头狮子站在尸体旁边，我非常惊讶。Iammorethanhappytoacceptyourinvitation.我很高兴接受你的邀请。4)morethan与动词连用，对动词起着加强语气的作用。例如：Repeatedadvertisingwillmorethanincreaseproductsales.多次做广告意味着增加产品的销售。HisprogressinEnglishlearningmorethanencouragedhimtolearn学习参考\nword格式整理版thesubjectwell.在英语学习方面的进步激励他学好这门课程。5)morethan和含有情态动词的句子连用，有否定意义，表示“是……难以……”或“超过了……所能”之义。例如：ThebeautyofthemountainouscountryismorethanIcandescribe.我难以描述那个山村的美丽。ThisproblemismorethanachildlikeJackcansettle.这一问题超出了像杰克这样的小孩的解决能力。6)nomorethan意思是“仅仅，不过，只是”。例如：Allhiseducationaddeduptonomorethanoneyear.他接受的所有的学校教育只有一年。Theirnewflathasnomorethan60squaremeters.他们的新居只有60平方米。7)notmorethan表示“至多，不超过”，例如：Lyingonthegroundwasaschoolboyofnotmorethanseventeen.躺在地上的那个男学生最多十七岁。3.ItwaswhenAsimovwaselevenyearsoldthathistalentforwritingbecameobvious.正是阿西莫夫11岁时，他的写作天赋明显显露出来。该句使用了强调句型Itwas...that...强调了时间状语从句whenAsimovwaselevenyearsold。talentn.1)天资，天赋；才能(+for)Hehadatalentformusic.他有音乐天才。Mysisterhasatalentfordrawing.我妹妹有画画的天赋。2)天才；有才能的人们Sheisanewdivingtalent.她是一个新的跳水天才。学习参考\nword格式整理版Thecompanymakesgooduseofitstalent.该公司很好地发挥了内部人才的作用。Ⅱ.文化背景知识AboutrobotArobotisamachinewhichisdesignedtodotheworkofahumanbeing.Itisusuallycontrolledbyacomputer.Onceithasbeengivenasetofthingstodo,itwilldothejobonitsown.Robotscanpaintcars,salvagenuclearfuelandevenassistinbrainsurgery,butthey’restillprettydumb.Todayrobotscanrecognizeformsandshapesandmeasuredistanceandsoon.Manyrobotshaveoneortwooftheseabilitiestosomedegree,butcreatingacompetentrobotthatcombinesmostorallofthemhasbeendifficult.Currentrobotshaveadvancedsensorysystemsthatprocessinformationandappeartofunctionasiftheyhavebrains.Their“brain”isactuallyaformofcomputerizedartificialintelligence(AI).AIallowsarobottoperceiveconditionsanddecideuponacourseofactionbasedonthoseconditions.Arobotcanincludeanyofthefollowingcomponents:effectors—“arms”,“legs”,“hands”,“feet”sensors—partsthatactlikesensesandcandetectobjectsorthingslikeheatandlightandconverttheobjectinformationintosymbolsthatcomputersunderstandcomputer—thebrainthatcontainsinstructionscalledalgorithmstocontroltherobotequipment—thisincludestoolsandmechanicalfixturesCharacteristicsthatmakerobotsdifferentfromregularmachineryarethatrobotsusuallyfunctionbythemselves,aresensitivetotheirenvironment,adapttovariationsintheenvironmentorto学习参考\nword格式整理版errorsinpriorperformance,aretaskorientedandoftenhavetheabilitytotrydifferentmethodstoaccomplishatask.FunctionsofRobotsRobotsplayahugeroleinourlives,andit’sgettingbigger!Therearethousandsofpossibleapplicationsofrobotics,andlotsmoretoexplore.Robotsarealreadyusedwidelyinharshenvironmentstoreducetherisktowhichhumansareexposed.Theyarevaluedteammembersinassemblyplants,onproductionlines...Somejobsthatarerepetitiveorverydelicateandprecisecanbedonebyrobotsinstead.Robotsnevercomplain,andneversleeporeateither!Therearealmostasmanyfunctionsforrobotsastherearerobots!Theyhelpusinourdailylives,atwork,inschool...everywhere!Thespaceindustryisanotherareathatreallycountsonrobotics.Infact,robotsareusefulforscientistswhowanttoknowmoreaboutotherplanets,theuniverseandthemselves!Canadarm2isoneexample.ItwillplayacrucialroleinbuildingandmaintainingtheInternationalSpaceStation,thelargestorbitinglaboratoryeverbuilt.Canadarm2isasimportanttothebuildingoftheInternational学习参考\nword格式整理版SpaceStation,asaconstructioncraneistobuildingaskyscraper.BeforetheSpaceStationiscompleted,manyshuttlemissionsoverseveralyearsarerequired.TheconstructionoftheStationcanbecomparedtothebuildingofacargoship,atsea,withonlyacanoetotransporttheequipmentnecessarytoitsconstruction.Itwilltakeatleast40shuttlemissionstodeliverthedifferentcomponentsoftheISS,justasitwouldtakeatleastthesamenumberoftripsforthelittlecanoetobuildtheshipatsea.FirstHominineRobotinChinaTheChinaScienceandTechnologyUniversityforNationalDefenseannouncedinChangshaonNovember29thatithadproducedthenation’sfirsthomininerobot,whichhasahuman-likeappearanceandisabletowalkandtalklikeahuman.ThisrobotwasindependentlycreatedbyChinesescientists,saidtheuniversitylocatedinthecapitalcityofSouthChina’sHunanProvince,claimingthatitsignifiesChina’saccessiontotheadvancedinternationallevelsofrobottechnology.Therobotnamed“Pioneer”is1.4meterstall,andweighs20kilograms.Ithasahuman-likehead,eyes,neck,body,armsandfeet,andisequippedwithbasiclanguageskills.Comparedwiththefirstrobotproducedin1990bytheuniversity,“Pioneer”canwalkfaster.Itcantaketwostepspersecondinsteadofonestepeverysixseconds,likeitspredecessor.Manytechnologicalbreakthroughshavebeenmadeinproducingthenewrobot,scientistssaid,notingthattheyinvolvedneuralnetworks,physiologicalopticalsystems,handcoordinationskillsandfinger-controlabilities.Homininerobotsareexpectedtoreplacehumansworkingunder学习参考\nword格式整理版hazardousconditionswithradioactivematerial,heavydust,powderorpoison.Theserobotscanalsohelpamputees(被截肢者)orparalyzedpatientstolivenormallives.(fromPeople’sDaily11/29/2000)学习参考