牛津全国高中英语模块一教案 21页

牛津高中英语模块一第1讲【教学内容与教学要求】一、教学内容牛津高中英语模块一Unit1上二、教学要求1掌握和校园生活有关的常用单词、词组与句型。2学会描述校园生活和学校设施。Highschoolisatimeofdiscovery,learningandhardwork!高中是探索、学习和辛勤劳动的时期Hugecampusandlow-risebuilding学校面积大没有高层建筑。Twelvelaboratoriesareavailablefordifferentexperiments.12个实验室可供不同试验使用。EachroomcomeswithitsownbothroomandInternetaccess.每个房间都有自己的卫生间和英特网接口。3学习阅读技巧skimming&scanning。4语法定语从句一【知识重点与学习难点】一、重要单词accessachieveattendassemblyarticleavailableaveragecanteenclubchallengingcontextdonatedisplayexperienceextragraduategymheadinglockerlow-riseliteratureposterrelax二、重点词组classteacher班主任ateasewith和….相处不拘束schoolhours学校作息时间earnrespectfrom赢得…的尊敬soundlike听起来象forfree免费getageneralidea了解大意aswellas除….以外,也keywords关键词wordbyword逐字逐句地findone’swayaround认识路developaninterestin培养对….的兴趣surftheInternet网上冲浪【难点讲解】1.Whatisyourdreamschoollifelike?你理想中的学校生活是什么样子?这里dream表示心目中最理想的.如dreamteam(梦之队)。2.GoingtoaBritishhighschoolforoneyearwasaveryenjoyableandexcitingexperienceforme.去一所英国中学读书一年对我来说是一次令人愉快和兴奋的经历。Going在本句里作动名词它和后面的toaBritishhighschoolforoneyear构成动名词短语作句子的主语。GotoaBritishhighschool本来是个动词词组在go后面加上ing后它就具备名词的特性可以在句子中充当主语、宾语或表语。动词的现在分词和过去分词都可以作定语但所表达的意思不同,现在分词作定语常表示“令人…”、“正在….”;例如excitingnews,sleepingdog;过去分词则有被动或完成的意思,常表示“感到….的”、“被….的”,例如anexcitedcrowdofpeople,brokenheart.3.IwasveryhappywiththeschoolhoursinBritainbecauseschoolstartsaround9a.m.andendsabout3.30p.m.我对英国学校的作息时间很满意因为学校大约上午9点开始上课下午3点半左右放学。Behappywith=bepleasedwith,around=about。\n4.ThismeansIcouldgetupanhourlaterthanusualasschoolsinChinabeginbefore8a.m.这意味着我可以晚一小时起床因为在中国学校8点钟上课。asadv.同样地,被看作,象prep.当做conj.与...一样,当...之时,象,因为本单元多次出现as,用法各不相同,应注意比较。另外as还可以构成一些常用词组asif就好像,asfaras就….而言,soasto以便于,asfor至于,suchas例如等等。mean:意味着,后面通常加名词或宾语从句。例如TheattackofPearHarbormeantadeclarationofwarwiththeUnitedStates.TheraiseofsalarymeansthatIcansendmydaughtertoabetterschool.5.Healsotoldusthatthebestwaytoearnrespectfromtheschoolwastoworkhardandachievehighgrades.他还告诉我们赢得学校尊敬的最好方法是努力学习并取得好成绩。Thebestwaytodosthisto…..结构用来表达做某事的最好方法是…..,例如:ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistouseitasoftenaspossible.6.IfoundthehomeworkwasnotasheavyaswhatIusedtogetinmyoldschool,butitwasabitchallengingformeatfirstbecauseallthehomeworkwasinEnglish.我发现这儿的家庭作业没有我原来学校的多但一开始对我有些挑战性因为所有作业都是英语的。As…..as,中间加形容词或副词,一般要连接两个相同的句子成分,请比较下面两句话:YouhatehimasmuchasI(=YouhatehimasmuchasIhatehim).Youhatehimasmuchasme(=Youhatehimasmuchasyouhateme).Usedto过去常常,隐含的意思是现在的情况已经不同。例如:Sheusedtostudyveryhard.(Shedoesnotstudysohardanymore).Usedto的否定形式是usedn’tto/didn’tuseto注意beusedtosth/doing表示习惯于….7.CookingwasreallyfunasIlearnthowtobuy,prepareandcookfood.当我学着怎样买菜、洗菜、烧饭时烹饪真的是一件有趣的事。fun是名词,有趣的事情,副词really并非修饰它,而是修饰前面的be动词was试比较:Heisreallyafunnyguy.和Heisareallyfunnyguy.这两句意思虽然相同,但really修饰的对象不同,因此说话的侧重点也不同。8.Idolikeeatingdessertsaftermealsasyoumentionedinyourarticle.就像你在文章中提到的那样我的确喜欢在饭后吃甜食。Do、did在陈述句中用在动词前表示强调可译作的确、确实。9.Uponfinishinghisstudies,hestartedtravellinginChina.完成学业之后他开始在中国旅行。介词upon/on加doing相当于带assoonas的时间状语从句。\nUponfinishinghisstudyAssoonashefinishedhisstudy10.FormerstudentreturnfromChina一位校友重中国归来former,past,old虽然都和过去有关但侧重点不同。former“过去曾经是...的、前任….”,past:“过去的”old“老的、从前的”。例如:formerpresident前总统pastexperience以往的经验myoldschool我的母校。11.earn,achieve和gain这三个单词的基本意思都是“get”但含义不尽相同,earngetastherewardofwork挣得到…作为工作的回报,achievegetwhatyouwantbyeffort(成就,通过努力达到某个目标),gain和“get”的用法最接近它对得到的方法和内容都没有具体要求。常见搭配:earnmoney/aliving/one’srespect/one’sbread,achieveagaol/success/purpose/highgrade,gainexperience/weight/anadvantageover/time/theupperhand(占上风)/ground(取得进步).【语法】定语从句(1)用来说明主句中某一名词或代词有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。定语从句的作用和作定语的形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似有时可以相互转换例如金发女孩可译作ablondegirlagirlwithblondehair或agirlwhohasblondehair。定语从句通常由关系代词that/which/who/whom/which/as或关系副词when/where/why引导这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代词,又充当从句中的某个句子成分。请看例句1.Tomistheonlypersonwhocankeepacoolheadintimeofcrisis.(who指代主句中的先行词person,在从句中作主语)2.Tomistheonlyfriendwhom(或who)Icanrelyon.(指代friend在从句中作宾语,所以常用代词who的宾格形式).3.Chinaisnolongertheweaknationthatsheusedtobe.(关系代词that指代weaknation在从句中作表语)4.Theschoolwhosefloorspaceisverylimitedcan’ttakeinonemorestudent.(关系代词whose指代theschool’s从句中作floorspace的定语)5.IliketogotothegymwhereIcanhaveawork-outaftersittiongforaday.(关系副词where指代主句中的地点状语gym在从句中作状语)【阅读技巧】Skimming&ScanningSkimming略读skim原意是轻轻掠过表面作为阅读技巧是指通过浏览文章标题主题句插图和图表等方法了解文章的大意。Skan,本意是扫描这里指用眼光快速扫视书报等材料寻找我们想要的信息。他们的区别在于Skimming是为了了解文章的大意,而Scanning是为了寻找某些具体信息。Skimming&Scanning都是快速阅读的重要策略也是信息时代我\n们必备的技能。尤其是在阅读英语时注重练习Skimming&Scanning可以帮助克服逐字逐句的阅读习惯如finger-pointreading,lipreading提高阅读速度。【同步练习】一、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1Istillrememberthetime_______Ifirstbecameahighschoolstudent.2.TherearemanyplacesinLondon_______youcanbuyacupofcoffee.3.Thatisthereason_____heissokeenonschoolactivities.4.Chinaisacountry_______historycanbedatedbackto3000BC.5.Heisdrivingacar______cantravelat150mileperhour.6.Hehastoflytoallthemajorcitiesoftheworld______hiscompanyhassetupoffices.7.Thelady_____wemetinthebariseyeingusfromthecorner.8.Wearefacingthesameproblem____wedidyearsago.二、将下列每组句子合成一个带定语从句的复合句1.Theanti-JapaneseaggressionwarbrokeoutonJulythe7th.Itlastedforeightyears.2.Onhiswebsitewesawsomephotos.Mr.LeetookthesephotosinEurope.3.OnthewaytoschoolIsawsometrees.Theirleaveswereeatenupbyinsects.4.Shelleylikestospendherleisuretimeinthestudents’union.Shecanmeetmanyinternationalstudentsthere.5.Jane’sfatherwantshertobeasinger.Hehimselfhasalwayswantedtobeasingerhimself.牛津高中英语模块一第二讲【教学内容与教学要求】一、教学内容牛津高中英语模块一Unit1下二、教学要求1掌握和学校活动有关的常用单词、词组与句型。2学会用英语写通知和海报。3语法定语从句二【知识重点与学习难点】一、重要单词contest,replace,possession,complete,include,programme,present(v),event,item,venue,timetable,compare,issue,order,dynasty,professor,unnecessary,attractive,underline,approve,,generation,require,scary,design,draft,wording,previous,finalize,poem,poet,confident,run(manage,operate),host,hostess,advertise,vote.二、重点词组referto指,functionas当作…使用,具有….的功能,leaveout省略,relateto和…相关,payattentionto注意,inshortform用宿略的形式,takeplace发生,makedecision作决定,makecomparison作比较,taketurns轮流,followtheoutline按照纲要,beresponsiblefor对…负责,consistof包含,由…构成,comeupwith想出,baseon根据,haveitapprovedby…征得…..的同意,informsbofsth告知,signup签名参加.【难点讲解】1.Ihavetodomyhomeworkinaplacethat\nhasdesksandchairs.我必须在一个有课桌椅的地方做家庭作业。Idon’twanttostudyinaroomwheredesksandchairsaretoosmall.我不想在桌椅太小的房间里学习。第一句里定语从句thathasdesksandchairs的关系代词that指代主句中的名词room作从句的主语第二句里定语从句wheredesksandchairsaretoosmall的关系副词where指代主句中的inaroom,在从句中是地点状语。试比较1Thisisthebeachwhere(onwhich)manyNorthEuropeansspendtheirsummerholidays.2Thisisthebeachthat(which)haswhitesandandpalmtrees.上一句的beach是北欧人度假的地方在这个地方是地点状语所以用关系副词where指代;下一句中有白沙和棕榈树的是beach它是从句的主语所有以用关系代词that来指代。2.Besides,Imightbereadingthebooksinyourfather’sbookcasesinstead.除此之外我也许会只顾看你爸爸书橱里的书而不是去做作业。Shewillbereadingnewspapersandmagazinesinsteadofdoingherhomework.她将会忙着看报纸杂志而不是做作业。“mightbereading”“willbereading”属于“情态动词be+doing”的结构表示对某个时间正在发生的事情的预言、推测或期待。例如Ishallbelyinginbedandwatchingmyfvouritefootballgamebythetimehefinisheshishomework..等他做完家庭作业时我早就会躺在床上看我喜爱的足球比赛了。“insteadinsteadof”都表示“代替而不是….”“instead”通常需要承接上文才能表达完整的意思“insteadof”则可以在一句话中表达做了和没做的事情。例如1Wedidn’tgohomeafterschool.Wewenttoanetcaféinstead.→Insteadofgoinghomeafterschool,wewenttoanetcafé.2)StudentsinUKdon’thavelotsofhomework..Theyhavemanyschoolactivities.→StudentsinUKhavemanyschoolactivitiesinsteadofhomework.3.Aprogrammeisaplanofactivitiestobedoneorthingstobeachieved.规划是指要进行的活动或要完成任务的计划。划线部分是不定式的被动语态作定语表示要做的事情。4.Themorechoicesyouhave,thebetteryourfinaldecisionswillbe.相当于Ifyouhavemorechoice(条件状语从句为一般现在时),youwillmakebetterdecision主句用将来时.你的选择越多最后的决定就越好。“The+比较级adj/adv或含比较级的词组the+另一个比较级adj/adv或含比较级的词组”,表示“越……就越…..”。5.Yourteacherhasreceivedane-mailfromafriendaskingheraboutahistorybookfromyourschoollibrary.你的老师收到一位朋友的电子邮件询问你们学校图书馆里的一本历史书。划线部分是现在分词短语作定语补充说明宾语e-mail的内容。6.ISBN(InternationalStandardBookNumber)国际标准图书编号ISSNInternationalStandardSerialNumber国际标准期刊编号7make常见的动宾搭配:maketea/coffee沏茶、冲咖啡,makefriends交朋友,makemistakes犯错误,maketrouble惹麻烦,makeasuggestion提建议,makeafire生火,makefaces做鬼脸,makeadecision做决定,makecomparasions作比较,makealiving谋生,makemoney挣钱,makearequest提要求,makeanapplication申请。\n【写作】通知和海报通知是上级对下级、组织对成员或平行单位之间部署工作、传达事情或召开会议等所使用的应用文。以布告形式贴出把事情通知有关人员如学生、观众等通常不用称呼通知要求言简意赅、措辞得当、时间及时。例一布告形式的通知通常此类通知上方正中写Notice或NOTICE通知发出通知的的单位的具体名称可放在正文前也可放在正文后右下角处发出通知的日期写在左下角处。例如NOTICEAllmumbersofthestudents’unionarerequestedtomeetintheschoolconferenceroomonSaturday,Sept18th,at2:00p.m.todiscussquestionsofinternationalcultureexchangeswithNewZealandhighschoolband.Sept.14,2005海报的形式和媒体没有特殊要求它要先用简明、生动的图文吸引过往人群的注意力再以简洁扼要的文字、图表介绍你要向公众发布的信息。文字部分一般包括主题句或主题词和条理清楚、简单明了的内容介绍。下面是一个网上海报供大家参考Makeaposterexplainingasafetyrule.ItshouldgiveusagoodStayAlertmessage.IfyourposterwinsyouwillreceiveaSASST-shirtanditwillappearintheSASSGallery.Mailyouposterto:StayAlert...StaySafeP.O.Box93006,499MainSt.S.Brampton,OntarioL6Y1N0【语法】定语从句(2)1定语从句中关系代词that、which用来指代物who、whom和that用来指代人whose用来表示所属关系关系副词when、where和why指代时间、地点和原因。2关系代词的用法(1)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代\n词关系代词一般只用that不用which。例如AllthatIhaveismyloveforthisland.Thereisn’tmuchthatwecandotoeasehispain.(2)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰关系代词常用that,不用which。例如ThelastpersonthatwewanttoinvitetoourhouseisUncleSam.Nonationthatiscapableofsuchatrocitycanbetrustedbyitsneighbours.(3)非限制性定语从句中不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如Thereareaboutsevenmillionpeopletakingpartintheelection,mostofwhomarewelleducated.(4)which还有一种特殊用法它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中which可以作主语也可以作宾语或表语多数情况下意思是与andthis相似。例如Shefailedinherattempttocatchtheprince’sattention,whichwasagreatdisappointmenttohermother.(5)如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员则用who。(6)先行词有两个一个指人一个指物关系代词应该用that。例如Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.(7)如果先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,关系代词应该用who或whom不用which。例如Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?(8)关系代词that/which/who/whom在从句中作宾语时可以省略。例如Thegirl(whom)youjustsawisthecheerleaderofourfootballclub.Everymoment(that)wespentintheUKwillbeapreciousmemoryforus.As在定语从句中的用法一.引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句as多与such或thesame连用可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。as也可单独使用引导非限制性定语从句作用相当于which。例如Theelephant’snoseislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.二关系副词引导的定语从句1关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语where充当地点状语why充当原因状语。例如WeshallalwaysrememberthedaywhenJapansurrenderedtotheallyforce.Thisisoneofthefewplaceswhereyoucanbuytopqualitywine.2.that有时也可引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因That有时可以代替关系副词when,where或者why引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因这种定语从句中的that也可以省去。例如Thatisthetime(that)hearrives.Thatisthereason(that)hecame.【同步练习】一、选择适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimplaywithanyone______scoreswaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose2.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that3.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldgethelp.\nA.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom4.Theday_______hechoseforhissonweddingwasaluckydayinthelunarcalendar.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.who5.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6Thismonumentisall______remainsoftheancientkingdom.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which7Hementionedabookthetileof______Ican’tremembernow.AwhoBwhichCthisDwhat8.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_____wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceC.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose9._____hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.Which10.HelivedinLondonfor3months,during____timehelearnedsomeEnglish.A.thisB.whichC.thatD.same11.Onthewallhangsapicture,_____colorisblue.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whichD.its12.Istillrememberthetime______Ifirstbecameacollegestudent.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when13.Mr.Fordstilltalksliketheman______hewastenyearsago.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.there14.Theboss____departmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookeddownuponwomen.A.inwhichB.inthatC.inwhoseD.whose15.Idon’tlike_____youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich16.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella._______Igotwetthrough.A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’show17.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitis18.Thereisonlyonedishonthetable_______Iwanttoeat.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whcih参考答案一、1-5DBCCB6-10BBCAB11-15ADACA16-18BAB牛津高中英语模块一第3讲【教学内容与教学要求】一、教学内容牛津高中英语模块一Unit2上二、教学要求1学习谈论青少年经常遇到的问题。2学会戏剧脚本。3了解英语口语和书面语的差别。4语法定语从句三【知识重点与学习难点】一、重要单词act(n),scene,curtain,trash,garbage,charge,adult,,behavior,teenager,punish,period,argument,relationship,force,unpleasant,character,explain,slam,vet(veterinarian),style,mess,thumb,vs(versus),plus,competition,sink,fault,boring.二、重点词组commonto对…来说很普遍,turnup调高声音,出现awasteof浪费,nomore不再,sparetime空余时间,force….to…强迫某人做,can’twaitto..迫不及待地要,besupposedto被期望或要求,本应该dowith处置,忍受需要beamess/inamess乱成\n一团,leavesbincharge委托…..负责,actlike行为举止象…,gounpunished不受惩罚,goout熄灭,haveone’sarmcrossed双臂交叉抱在胸前,deserveto值得去做,常用否定形式表示“不配”behardon对某人苛刻,nowthat既然,intheformof以的形式,thaneverbefore比以前任何时候都,beangryat对某事生气,evenif即使,treatsblike…象一样对待,argueabout为…而争吵,thecauseof起因,differinmanyways在许多方面不同,fitbadly非常不合身。【难点讲解】1.Ericrunsinafterit,followedbyabigdog,walkingveryslowly.埃里克跟着球跑进来后面跟着一条大狗狗走得很慢。这句话里有两个不同层面上的状语过去分词短语“followedbyabigdog”是谓语“runsin”的伴随状语而现在分词短语“walkingveryslowly”描述的是大狗跟随埃里克进来的行走方式是动词“follow”的状语。伴随状语通常由现在分词短语、过去分词短语或介词短语承当。当伴随动作由主语发出时用现在分词当伴随动作由其他人或物发出时用过去分词。例如Heranafterthethief,shoutingangrily.Shesatnervouslyinthegrandsittingroom,watchedcloselybythebutler.Thesoldiersstoodsilentlyalongthepass,riflesinhand.2.Youweren’tsupposedtocomehomeuntiltomorrow.你们应该明天才回家的。besupposedtodosth:被期望或要求去做,本应该去做。例如;YouaresupposedtohandinyourarticlesthisFriday.Girlsaresupposedtobehavemorequietlyinthiscountry.在肯定句中until必须和持续性动词连用时在否定句里它主要和短暂性动词连用也可以和持续性动词连用表示直到某时某个动作才开始。Until还可以用在强调句中。Notuntil放在句首时句子要倒装。例如:Hesleptuntil8o’clock.Hedidn’twakeuptille8o’clock.Itwasnotuntil8o”clockthathewokeup.Notuntil8o’clockdidhewakeup.Iwon’tbefreetillFriday.3.Themoneywithwhichyouweretobuydogfoodisgone,butSpotlookssohungry.本该用来买狗食的钱不见了但斑点狗看起来饿得厉害。“withwhichyouweretobuydogfood”是定语从句,当关系代词是介词宾语时,介词常放在关系代词之前。例如:thevillageweusedtolivein→thevillageinwhichweusedtolive主语be动词+不定式表示“按计划将要做”例如;Wearetoholduptheenemywhileourtroupsretreat.ThepresidentialcandidateistomakeaspeechinourtownonhiswaytoWashington.4.Wethoughtyouwereanadult,apersonfromwhomwecouldexpectgooddecisions.我们原以为你是个成年人一个我们可以指望他做出正确决定的人。划线部分是“anadult”的同位语它和“anadult”所指相同句法功能也相同是对“anadult”含义进一步的说明。这个同位于本身又带有定语从句fromwhomwecouldexpectgooddecisions。Expectsthfromsb:期望从某人那里得到或看到某事例如:Youcanneverexpectgenerosity\nfromamiser.5.Thisisnotafamilywherebadbehaviorgoesunpunished.我们家不是一个放纵不良行为的家庭。根据上文this是指ourfamily。动词go后面可以跟形容词表示“变得”例如gobad变质,godry变干,gomad发疯,gointernational国际化。Go和一些含否定意义的形容词连用则表示“不受……的,未被…的”,如:gounchallenged,gounnoticed.Histheoryhasgoneunchallengedintheworldforhalfacentury.It’sstrangethatsuchamistakecangounnoticedinthetextbook.6.IftheyknewthatSpotwasillandweusedthemoneytotakehimtothevet…假如他们知道Spot得了病,而我们用那笔钱带他去看兽医的话……..这句话用的是虚拟语气,省略的部分是:theywouldunderstandwhythemoneyisgoneandthehouseisamess.当说话人只表示一种假设的情况、一种主观愿望即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非真实时使用虚拟语气。表示和现在事实相反时主句用过去将来时条件从句用一般过去时。例如:IfIwereyou,Ishouldwaittillnextweek.Ishesawyounow,shewouldn’trecognizeyou.7.Noneofusstoppedtothinkandweshouldhave.我们本应当停下来想想而我们都没有那么做。Stoptodo表示停下来去做另一件事stopdoing则表示停止正在做的事情。shouldhave也是一种虚拟语气表示过去本应当做的事情。这里完整的句子应该是:Weshouldhavestoppedtothink,butnoneofusdid.8.Canyouexplaintomenowwhythehousewasamessandwhatyoudidwiththecashweleft?你现在能向我解释为什么家里乱成一团而你又把我们留下的钱拿去干什么了吗?Be(in)amess表示“乱成一团”dowith表示“处理、处置”常和what连用它和dealwith不同dealwith表示“处理、应付”weleft虽然只有两个单词却是一个定语从句它前面省略了作宾语的关系代词that或which。【语法】定语从句(3)一、“介词关系代词”结构(1)“介词关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词关系代词“结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that。这类结构的定语从句通常可以和带关系副词的定语从句互相转换例如Thisisafreecountrywhereeveryoneenjoysfreedomofspeech.Thisisafreecountryinwhicheveryoneenjoysfreedomofspeech.(2)fromwhere为“介词关系副词“结构但也可以引导定语从句。例如Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecanseethetown..(3)像listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof等固定短语动词在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.二、关系代词在定语从句中作主语的补语能在定语从句中作主语的补语的关系代词只有that,这时的that既能指人也能指物但往往省略。例如:WhenLaurawasborn,Bettiedecidedherdaughterwouldbethesinger(that)shealwayswantedtobe.Mr.Leestilltalkslikethemanthathewastenyearsago.三、关系代词as和which作主语都可以代表前面整个句子。但由as引导的定语从句可以前置。例如\nHesawthegirl,as/whichhehopedhewould.Ashehopedhewould,hesawthegirl.As还可用于thesame…..as,such…..as,as……as等结构中。例如Suchopinionsasheholdssoundstrangetoordinarypeople.Wearefacingthesameproblemaswedidyearsago.【英语俗语】英语俗语,也和其他语言一样,有许多都是由身体各个部份的名称组成的。例如Tofollowyournose是指"一直走"。另外还有Toplaybyear意思是看着办。其他还有用hand和foot这些字组成的习惯用语。这里我们要向大家介绍由腿也就是leg这个字组成的习惯用语Topullone'sleg。Topullone'sleg初看起来好像和中文里的"拉后腿"的意思差不多。但是千万不要被表面现象所迷惑。Topullone'sleg的真正意思是逗别人开别人玩笑的意思。有时候有的朋友故意讲一些话来骗我们后来才发现他是在开玩笑。例如一个大学生上了同学的当事后他说例句-3:"Myroommatesaidthisgirlhadtoldhimshewouldn'tmindgoingoutwithme.ButwhenIinvitedhertoamovie,Ilearnedhewasjustpullingmyleg."这个大学生说"我的同房间同学说那个女孩愿意和我一起出去玩。可是当我请她去看电影的时候我才发现我那同学是逗我开我的玩笑。"要是这个大学生聪明一点的话,他当时就可以对他的同学说例句-4:"Hey,stoppullingmyleg,willyou!Idon'tbelievethatgirlreallysaidshelikesmeandwouldlikemetotakeherout."这句话的意思是"喂你别逗我行不行我才不信那个女孩真的说了她喜欢我还要我邀她出去玩。"和leg这个字有关的俗语里还有一个很有趣的说法,那就是Breakaleg!从字面上来看breakaleg难道是断了一条腿或是倒霉不是breakaleg的确切意思是祝愿别人成功。例如你的朋友明天要去参加高考你就可以对他说Breakaleg!Havegreenfingers很会种花种菜Greenthumb就是指那些很会种花种菜的人Allthumbs手脚很笨的人Jumpinandgetyourfeetwet到实践中去学Akettlecallthepotblack五十步笑百步Awetblanket扫兴的人或事【同步练习】一从上文中找出下列说法对应的英文1一文不值2鸟瞰3物以类聚4一矢二鸟5两鸟在林不如一鸟在手6早起的鸟儿有虫吃7得意之物8束缚手脚9论资排队10.胆小如鼠:11.招灾惹祸:12.(对别人的批评)充耳不闻:13.吃苍蝇:14.蝇头小利:15:过早乐观:牛津高中英语模块一第四讲【教学内容与教学要求】一、教学内容牛津高中英语模块一Unit2下二、教学要求\n1了解英语语调的作用。2学会写感谢和建议信。3学习编写、表演对话。4语法定语从句复习【知识重点与学习难点】一、重要单词upset,sincerely,insist,chat,valuable,period,argument,freedom,relationship,suggest,spare,unloving,forbid,tone,frustrated,express,volume,stress,pause,exact,emotional,mood,gist,merely,regular,solve,column,columnist,resource,proofread,version,nervous.二、重点词组rising/fallingtone升调、降调,talkshow谈话节目,mainpoint要点,supportinginformation辅助性信息,adiaryentry一篇日记,beproudof为….感到骄傲,stayuplate熬夜,mixup混淆,afterall毕竟,takeone’sadvice接受建议,missdoingsth怀念以前做的某事,keepinmind记住,getittidiedup把它整理好,cleanup打扫干净,makeadifference要紧,providesbwithsth/providesthforsb为某人提供,providedthat假如,toone’ssurprise使某人惊奇的是,asthough就好像,insistondoing坚持要做,allowhimhisfreedom允许给他自由,sendsbtobed叫某人去睡觉,forbidsbfromdoingsth禁止某人做某事,assignrolesto分派角色,argueaboutsthwithsb为某事和某人争吵.【难点讲解】1.Theyaremeanttobereadaloud,andoftenuselessformallanguagethanothertypeofwriting.剧本是要被朗读的它使用的语言没有其他文体那么正式。“Bemeanttobe”+被动语态、名词或形容词表示“应该用作、本应当作”和“besupposedtobe”相似。例如Flowersaremeanttobeadmired,notpicked.Sitcomsaremeanttobelight-hearted,butthisoneisfullofviolence.副词aloud表示“出声’,loudly表示“大声”。注意loud可以当作副词和talk,speak,laugh连用例如Theylaughedloudandlong.Canyouspeakalittlelouder?2.Youcan’twriteexactlythewaypeoplespeak.你不能原封不动地按照人们日常说话的习惯来写。thewaypeoplespeak在这里是方式状语peoplespeak是定语从句,修饰先行词theway。这句话较正式的写法可以是Youcan’twriteexactlyinthewaythatpeoplespeak.Youcan’twriteexactlythewayinwhichpeoplespeak.3.ButIdon’tthinkyouarebeingfairatall.但我觉得你这样做一点也不公平。Be+being构成了be动词的进行时后面跟形容词或名词表示主语当前的状况也可以表示进行时的被动语态。例如Youaresilly.你很蠢。(对人的评价在这里是一种人身攻击)Youarebeingsilly你现在的行为或想法很蠢。(就事论事)Heispolite.他有礼貌。Heisbeingpolite.他这样做是出于礼貌。ManyriversandlakesarebeingpollutedthroughoutChina.4.IunderstandyouusedtospendalotoftimetogetherbackwhenChristinawasyounger.据我所知当克里思蒂娜小的时候你和她一起度过很多时光。Iunderstand是访谈节目和外交场合中一个常用的辞令它比Iknow,Ihear,Iguess更灵活对所提及信息的来源和可信度都没有明确的说法可以根据上下文译成“据我所知、我听说、我猜、我个人的理解是…等”,也可以说Myunderstandingis…….。Back=inthepast,常出现在口语当中。\n5.Manypeopleinfamiliesbecomeupsetwitheachotheroversmallproblems.许多家庭成员之间因为一些小问题彼此不愉快。Upset作vt/vi时重音在第二个音节上过去式和过去分词同形表示“弄翻、倾覆、扰乱、使不安”。也可作名词重音在前。本句话里upset是过去分词become的表语。表示纷争的起因用介词over.例如Thetwocountriesoftenfightoverborderdisputes.Theyarealwaysquarrelingoverminordifferences.6.Smallproblemsbecomebigones,however,iftheyarenotdiscussedanddealtwithearlyon.然而如果不尽早商讨解决小问题就会变成大问题。Deal:n.数量a(good/great)dealof+不可数名词交易如It’sadeal(成交)v.分配、经营。词组dealwith有和….做生意、与…有来往、对待、对付、相关、处理等意思。它作“处理”讲时要和dowith区分清楚。dealwith作“处理”讲时是指“怎样对付或解决”提问时用how;dowith作“处理”讲时是指“使用、处置”提问时用what。例如Howdidyoudealwithpollutionintheriver?—Wetriedtotreatthecity’ssewagebeforeitpouredintotheriver.Whatdidyoudowiththesewage?--Wetreateditandrecycleditforindustrialuse.Earlyonnearthebeginning“在早期、刚开始的时候”多用于口语中。7.Recentlyhehasbeenrefusingtodohishomework,andinsteadinsistsonwastinghistimewatchingDVDsandlisteningtoforeignmusic.近来他一直拒绝做他的家庭作业固执地把时间浪费在看DVD和听外国音乐上。Have/hasbeendoing是现在完成进行时指说话前一段时间一直进行或多次重复的动作。Insiston+n/doingsth:坚持、坚决主张(做某事)或insist从句“thatsb(should)dosth”。要注意persistinn/doingsth也是“坚持”但insiston坚持的是看法或主张,竭力主张去做某事persistin坚持的是行为和做法即不放弃正在进行的事情。例如:Hepersistedindoingthatexperimentthoughthesmellinthelabwasgettingworseandworse.Sheinsistedongoingoutforapicnicthoughtheskylookedominouslydark.8.WhatamItodo?我该怎么办相当于WhatshallIdo?Be动词不定式表示按计划和情理将要或应该发生的事。例如ThepresidentelectistomakehisinauguralspeechonMonday.Youaretofollowhisinstructionstotheword.9.WhenIrefusetolistentohim,heshoutsatmeandthetwoofusfightlikecrazy.要是我拒不听从他就对我大喊大叫我们俩就会象疯了一样争吵。“thetwoofus”我们俩us仅指我们两人“twoofus”我们中的两个,us所包含的人数大于二。likecrazy象疯了一样英语口语中的习惯用法相当于“asifwewerecrazy”。还可以说likecatsanddogs。【英语语调】语调intonation是一句话里声调pitch高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。英语有五种基本语调升调↗、的降调↙、的升降调∧、降升调∨以及平调→。一句话除了词汇意义lexicalmeaning还有语调意义intonationmeaning。所谓词汇意义就是话中所用词的意义而语调意义就是说话人用语调所表示的态度或口气。一句话的词汇意义加上语调意义才算是完全的意义。同样的句子语调不同意思就会不同请看下例1AJeancanyoubringmethenewspaperBSorry↗Jean用升调说“Sorry”其意思是“Ididn'thearyouCouldyousaythatagainplease”2AJeancanyoubringmethenewspaper\nBSorry↙在对话2中Jean用降调说“Sorry”显然其意思是拒绝帮助或无能为力。首先要知道英语主要有三种语调分别是升调降调和降升调。升调一般表示"不确定""话还没有说完"或者"礼貌"。经常用于下面几类句型中1一般疑问句Yes-noquestionsIshecomingtonight?Haveyougotthetickets?2反问句StatementsintendedasquestionsYouaredefinitelycoming?Youlikeit?3表示安慰或鼓励Statementsintendedtobesoothingorencouraging.Comewithus.4重复RepetitionquestionsWhendidyoucome?说话时用"降凋"常常给人一种"完结"的印象。所以能使用降调的句子有以下几类1陈述句OrdinarystatementsYoucameonTuesday.I'dlikesometea.2特殊疑问句Wh-questionsWhendidyoucome?What'sthetime?3带命令口吻的祈使句Imperativesentences(strongcommands)Putitoverthere!Goandfindit!4感叹句ExclamatorysentencesWhatanawfulfilmthatwas!如果要表示出"说话人改变主意或话外有话之意"就可以用"降升调"。它主要出现在下面的句式中1含有对比的陈述句Statementswherecontrastisimplied.YoucancomeonTuesdaybutnotMonday.Hedoesn'twantitbuthisbrothermay.2含保留意见的陈述句Statementswhichimplyreservation.Iknowhisface.Ilikethecolourofyourdress.3否认或矛盾Statementswhichshowdisagreementorcontradiction──Ican'tdoit.──-Youcan.──ShearrivedonMonday.──-OnTuesday.4警告Warning.Becareful.Don'tbelate.【语法】定语从句(复习)一、单项选择1Thewayhediditwasdifferent_______wewereusedto.A.inwhichB.inwhatC.fromwhatD.fromwhich2.Thereweredirtymarksonherpants________shehadwipedherhands.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that3.Wehadtoeatstandingupbecausewehadn’tanything_____wecouldsiton.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that4.Mr.Greenstilltalksliketheman______hewastenyearsago.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whom5._____canbecalledacaralwaysrollsonwheels.A.AnythingB.WhateverC.AllthatD.Whichever6.Thisisabook_______isred.A.ofwhichcoverB.thecoverofthatC.whichcoverD.whosecover7.Theydidn’tcallthepolicetill2hourslater,____allowedthethiefenoughtimetoescape.A.whenB.whichC.whyD.how8.Wevisitedatempleyesterday,infrontof_______asmallriver.A.whichflewB.thatflowsC.whichflowsD.whereflows9.What________youwanthertodo?A.isB.isitC.thatD.isitthat10.Itwastwoyearsago______ChinawashitbySARS.A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.then\n11.Itwaswiseofyouto______hisadvice.A.haveB.receiveC.approveD.take12.Wetakegreat______intheachievementofournation.A.prizeB.proudC.prideD.value13.Yoursupportwillmakea______!A.changeB.markC.choiceD.difference.14.AttributiveClausehasalreadybeen______withinthepreviousunit.A.dealtB.dealC.didD.done15.Youcangoouttoplay,_______thatyoufinishyourworkfirst.A.nowB.inC.inorderD.provided牛津高中英语模块一第五讲【教学内容与教学要求】一、教学内容牛津高中英语模块一Unit3上二、教学要求1学会谈论健康、锻炼描述问题。2学习e-mail的写作。3语法非限制性定语从句、反意疑问句。【知识重点与学习难点】一、重要单词stay(系动词保持),slim,figure,weight,ashamed,recover,failure,contain,chemical,seldom,damage,attractive,touching,embarrassed,pressure,overweight,diet,properly,skinny,consider,fit(强健的),pill,appearance,especially,amazed,archery,squash,aerobics(有氧运动),triathlon(铁人三项),category,partial(部分的),response,purpose,confirmation,actually,recognize.二、重点词组workout锻炼、训练,goondiets/adiet实行节食,insecret私自,sideeffect副作用,putonweight体重增加,loseweight减肥,beashamedof对….感到羞耻,anexactmatchfor和….完全匹配的…followone’sadvice听从某人的建议,soundfun听起来象是件有趣的事,teamsport团队运动,buildup增强,regretdoingsth后悔做了某事,riskdoingsth冒做某事的风险.三、【语法术语】non-restrictiveattributiveclause非限制性定语从句,questiontag反意疑问句,positivestatement肯定的陈述句,negativestatement否定的陈述句,personalpronoun人称代词,auxiliaryverb助动词,modelverb情态动词,imperativeclause祈使句.【难点讲解】1.Whatdoyoudotokeepyourselflookinggoodandfeelinggood你是怎样保持自己良好的外在形象和健康的身体状况的询问别人怎样做某事的可以用“howdoyou…..?”也可以用“whatdoyoudoto….?”。例如Howdidyoumakethebabystopcrying?Whatdidyoudotomakethebabystopcrying?Keepyourselflookinggoodandfeelinggood是一个“动宾语+补语”结构现在分词短语lookinggoodandfeelinggood作宾补。2.Dyingtobethin….这是个双关语既可以理解成“差一点为瘦身而死”也可以理解为“迫切希望瘦身”。课文主人公Amy因为急切希望保持苗条的身材服用了一种减肥药造成肝功能衰竭差点丢了性命。用这个双关语作课文的标题非常巧妙。Dying的本意是“快要死去的而dyingtodo/be+adj或dyingfor+n则表示“迫切希望…..”。例如\nHeisdyingtoseehishomelandagain.I’mdyingforadrinkofrum.Sheisdyingforachancetobebackonthestage.3.Iknowthepressuretostayslimisaproblem,especiallyforanactress.我知道保持苗条的压力是一个对于一位女演员来说更是如此。4.I’mtakingweight-losspillscalledFat-Less,whicharequitepopularamongyoungwomenhere.我在服用一种叫“”的减肥药这种药在年轻女性中很流行。medicine泛指药物尤指内服药表示“治疗…的药”时后面跟介词for:themedicineforcold。Pill药片、药丸,,表示“治疗…的药”时前面加定语sleepingpills。drug药剂、麻醉药、毒品drug(s)表示“治疗…的药”时和for/totreat连用。5.Shesayshealthispriceless,andIagree,butthenIlooksoslimatthemoment.她说健康是无价的我同意她的说法但是我现在看起来非常苗条。后缀less加在名词之后表示“没有、缺乏”例如hopeless,helpless,careless,homeless.注意priceless和worthless,valueless的意思不同。Price指价格加less表示“无法估价的”worth,value指价值加less则表示“没有价值的。Then和but连用起到增强语气的作用。6.Theycontainaharmfulchemicalthatcausedmylivertofail.那些药里含有一种有害的化学成分导致我肝功能衰竭。7.Ithinkyoulookgreatasyouare.我认为你现在这样保持自然本色看起来就很棒。Asyouare是状语从句意思是“以你本来的面目”As作连词的用法较复杂可以表示“当….时候、因为、既然、相比、虽然按照…做、象…一样、当做还可以用来指代上文中提到的事情以避免重复。其中作“虽然、用来指代上文中提到的事情”两种用法比较特殊请看例句Aloneasheis,hedoesnotfeellonely.Tryasyouwould,youcouldnotmakehimchangehismind.Harryisunusuallytall,asarehisbrothers.8.Remembertotakeitslowlyatfirstandyouwillbuildyourstrengthupquickly.记住刚开始锻炼时要慢些你的体力很快就会增强。Take在这里意思是“从事…活动”it指代sport/exercise。Buildup增强、增加名词build-up,例如Thebuild-upofJapaneseforcesmakestheneighboringcountriesveryuneasy.9.Somesportsareusuallydoneindoors,whileothersaredoneoutdoors.一些体育活动通常是在室内进行的另一些则是在室外。Indoor、outdoor是形容词只能作定语使用;indoors/outdoors是副词作地点状语。例如Itisanindoorsport.Wecanplaythegameindoors.【语法】一、非限制性定语从句1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分去掉它主句意思往往不明确非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明去掉了也不会影响主句的意思它与主句之间通常用逗号分开例如Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。限制性Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮是我们上\n个月买的。非限制性2)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的例如CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了他曾经是我的老师。Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本小说很动人我已经读了三遍。3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数例如HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎没抓住我的意思这使我心烦。Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽这就叫做蒸发。说明关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。二、反意疑问句1反意疑问句是由陈述句以及其后面的简略疑问句构成前一部分为陈述句后一部分由助动词或情态动词+主语(人称代词)构成可表示真实的疑问。也可以表示说话者的某种倾向强调或反问It’sraining,isn’tit?(2)反意疑问句的前半部分陈述句是肯定的则疑问部分为否定形式反意疑问句的前半部分陈述句中若为否定则疑问部分为肯定形式。(3)前半部分陈述句含有hardly,never,seldom,few,little等词时疑问部分为肯定形式。Wehardlyknoweachother,dowe?Thereislittleleftforustodo,thereis?(4)反意疑问句的前半部分陈述句中若使用了助动词情态动词或be动词后半部分先重复这些动词然后+not+主语构成简略句Youcanreadthis,can’tyou?Sheshouldhavearest,shouldn’tshe?(5)如果反意疑问句前半部分肯定句中谓语动词是实意动词后半部分一般由didn’t/doesn’t和didn’t+主语构成Weneedsomesaladtoo,don’twe?Helookslikehisfather,doesn’the?(6)祈使句后面的反意疑问句是willyou/shallwe?Let’sstopquarrelingandgetdowntobusiness,shallwe?Comeovertomyhouse,willyou?【同步练习】二、单项选择1.Janecouldhardlybecalledbeautiful,____________?A.couldn’tsheB.couldn’tJaneC.wasn’tsheD.couldshe2.Isthisfactory_____youvisitedtheotherday?A.whichB.whereC.towhichD.theone3.Youwillhavesomesparetime_____youcanlearnFrenchathome.\nA.thatB.whichC.atwhichD.duringwhich4.Weoughttomakefriendswithsuchpeople_____arekindandhardworking.A.whoB.asC.thatD.whom5.Iwassosurprisedthathereturnedhomemuchearlier_____wasexpected.A.asB.thanC.whichD./6.HemustbefromAfrica,_____canbeseenfromhisskin.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.as7.Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,_____kiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.A.fromwhereB.whichC.whereD.as8.Thatisthegirl_____fatherwehavejustbeenspeaking.A.ofwhoseB.ofwhomC.whoseD.who9.MayorwillmakeaninspectionofourschoolonMonday,_____youcantellhimhowhardthesituationwearein.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that10.Weoftenthinkofthehappiestdays_____wespenttogetherontheislandA.whenB.whichC.thatD.duringwhich牛津高中英语模块一第六讲【教学内容与教学要求】一、教学内容牛津高中英语模块一Unit3下二、教学要求1学会谈论有关健康生活的话题。2学习英语中标点符号的名称和用法。3学习调查、整理、分析信息。4缩略和简写。【知识重点与学习难点】一、重要单词Guideline,highlight,lifestyle,advertisement,commercial(n),convey,,afford,,offer,yoga,branch,square,shape,figure,trainer,,brief,abbreviation,contraction,symbol,seldom,,proper,energy,count,concentrate,chemical,amount,booklet,survey,conduct,analyze,statistics,questionnaires,permission,giveout,create,percentage,level,pin,persuade,omit,skip,virus,remove,item,recommend,mention,summary,conclusion,calorie.二、重点词组Promptbox提词台,areminderof提醒某人想起某事的人或事物,callsbnames骂人,cheerup高兴起来,closelyrelated紧密相关的,live(lead)a….life过着….样的生活,,aheadacheto令人头疼的人或事,alongwith一起,inthelongterm(run)从长远角度看,giveupon放弃,agoodamountof适量的、许多,innotime很快,giveout分发、发出,allowenoughtimeforsbtodo…留出充足的时间让某人做某事,skipmeals不吃饭,membershipfee会员费,三、【标点符号的英文名称和用法】punctuations:comma逗号,fullstop/period句号,questionmark问号,exclamationmark感叹号,colon冒号,semi-colon分号,quotationmarks引号,apostrophe省略符号,hyphen连字符号,dash破折号,underbar下划线。英语中的标点符号的使用和汉语相近但也有一些区别1句号用在缩写中,例如U.S.A,Mr.,e.gp.m等。2逗号在疑问句中引出说话人Icancometoday,shesaid,"butnottomorrow."\n逗号用于排列三个或以上的名词Green,blue,whiteandgreenarehisfavoritecolors.逗号用于非限制性定语从句Edison,whowastheinventorofelectricbulb,hadover2000inventions.写日期时如次序是月日年在日和年之间加逗号HewasbornonOctober15,1983.有些起连系作用的副词如however,therefore,hence,nevertheless,moreover,thus,otherwise,besides等等China,however,isstillattheprimarystageofsocialism.3Apostrophe[']表示所有:ThisisDavid'scomputer.MaryandJim’sfather/Mary’sandJim’sfathersThefootballplayers’photo4破折号Dash[-]在一个句子前作总结Mild,dry,andclear-thesearethecharacteristicsofweatherinKunming.在一个句子的前面或后面加入额外的注释ThekidsJohn,BettieandLeowereleftbehindwhiletheirparentswenttochurch.表示某人在说话过程中被打断Thewomansaid,"Iwanttoask-"whentheearthquakebegantoshaketheroom。5连字符Hyphen[-]连接两个单词well-educated,kind-hearted,good-looking加前缀anti-Japanese,non-stop,semi-conductor在数字中使用one-quartertwenty-three,two-fifths【难点讲解】Youcanhighlightmainpointsbyunderlingthem.你可以通过下划线来强调要点。Highlight本来是美术术语“高光点”指画面上最亮、最显著的地方。这里highlight作动词表示“强调”。Mainpoints指文章的要点。这句话的结构是dosthbydoingsth,表示通过做某事达到某个目的例如Hekeepsfitbygoingtothegymtwiceaweek.ThestudentsenlargedtheirvocabularybyreadingEnglishNovels.2.Istheresuchathingasbeingbigboned?有没有“骨架大”这么回事介词短语asbeingbigboned在句子中作定语“beingbigboned”是动名词短语作介词as的宾语。类似的句子还有Herfriendsallspeakofherasbeingsweet-tempered。As也可以作关系代词在限制性定语从句中常和such,thesame,so连用;在非限制性定语从句中代指主句的整个内容例如Suchexercisesashedoesaregoodforoldpeople.Iholdthesameviewasthemajoritydoes.Heisateacher,asisclearfromhismanner.Aswashiswont(习惯),heclearedhisthroatbeforestartingthelecture.Bigboned指“骨架大的”。3.Walkingandridingyourbikecount,andsodoschoolsports.步行和骑自行车都有用学校里的体育活动也有用。Count除“计数计算”的意思外还有“被视为、在…之列、有…作用”等意思。例如\nHisopinionsdon’tcount.Knowledgewithoutcommonsensecountsforlittle.sodoschoolsports是省略句相当于schoolsportsalsocount.4.Whenyousleep,yourbodypreparesyouforthedaytocome.当你睡觉的时候你的身体为新的一天做好准备。Preparesbforsth:使….做好….的准备例如Educationpreparesstudentsfortheirfuturecareers.Wemustprepareherforthebadnewssothatitwon’tcometoherastoomuchashock.不定式短语tocome在本句中作定语修饰theday,表示“即将来临的”5.Asamatteroffact,lossofsleepcanmakeyoulooktired,andevencauseyoutoputonweight.事实上睡眠不足会使你看起来疲倦甚至导致你体重增加。Asamatteroffact:infact。Loss是lose的名词形式lossofsleep意思是“睡眠不足”不是“失眠”。Causesbtodosth,使某人做某事。6.Manyteenagersaresurprisedtolearnthatwhenyouexercise,yourbodyproducessomechemicalsthatmakeyoufeelrelaxedandincreaseyourabilitytoconcentratewhenyoustudy.许多青少年听说体育锻炼可以使身体产生帮助放松精神、促进集中注意力的化学物质时都觉得吃惊。Besurprisedtolearn得知某事感到惊奇learn在这里是“得知、了解到”的意思。surprisedtolearn【同步练习】一、单项选择1Heisafriendof______.A.Mike’sbrother’sB.Kate’sbrotherC.father’sofMikeD.Mikefather’s2.Encourageisa____________word.A.9-lettersB.9-letterC.9-letter’sD.seven-letters’3.Thenurseistakingmy________temperature.A.mother’s-in-lawB.mother-in-lawsC.mothers-in-lawD.mother-in-law’s4.Thiscupis______bigasthatone.A.halfasB.ashalfC.three-seventhD.twoas5.Mr.Wolfeseldomspeaksinaloudvoice,_____he?A.doesB.doesn’tC.isD.isn’t6.Petersaidhewouldpracticeyoga,and_________.A.sodidheB.sowouldheC.sohedidD.sohedoes7.____weallknow,Chinaisabigdevelopingcountry.A.whatB.soC.whichD.as8.Theoldclassmatestalkedofthethingsandpersons______theyremembered.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which9.Agood______ofstudentshavesignupfortheouting.A.amountB.dealC.manyD.lot10.Youcan’t______toneglectsuchanimportantclient.A.offerB.affordC.payD.refuse11.Weputthefoodintheshadeto______itcool.A.remainB.preventC.stayD.keep12.Sucha_______personcanneverbetrustedwithsoimportantajob.A.worthlessB.valuelessC.pricelessD.worthy\n13.Ifyou______breakfastoften,youwillhavenoenergyforthemorningwork.A.leaveoutB.dropC.giveupD.skip14.Those_____wanttohaveagopleasestepforward.A.thatB.whoC.theyD.forwhom15.Hercharm_____wellwiththoseeageryounggentlemen.A.countsB.resultsC.worksD.affects