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高中非谓语动词重点讲解Question1:YesorNo?●说出以下句子中哪些使用了非谓语动词:Hewaspunishedbyhisparents.Heavoidedbeingpunishedbyhisparents.Wehavewrittenthecomposition.Havingwrittenthecomposition,wehandeditin.●概念梳理:1.英文表达中,在没有连词情况下,一个句子中只能有一个谓语动词;2.不用连词,但又需使用两个动词,那么,其中一个就必须使用非谓语动词形式。3.非谓语动词本质是动词,因此它具有动词的属性(带宾语、有时态和语态等)。非谓语动词种类:①todo②V-ing③V-pp1、非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点:1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:Theybuiltagarden.VsTheysuggestedbuildingagarden.2)都可以被状语修饰:w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mThesuitfitshimverywell.VsThesuitusedtofithimverywell.3)都有主动与被动,“体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如:Hewaspunishedbyhisparents.(谓语动词被动语态)Heavoidedbeingpunishedbyhisparents.(动名词的被动式)Wehavewrittenthecomposition.(谓语动词的完成时)Havingwrittenthecomposition,wehandeditin.(现在分词的完成式)4)都可以有逻辑主语Theystartedtheworkatonce.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)Thebossorderedthemtostartthework.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)WeareLeaguemembers.(谓语动词的主语)WebeingLeaguemember,theworkwaswelldone.(现在分词的逻辑主语)2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点:相对于谓语动词,非谓语动词具有更多的词性功能1)非谓语动词可有名词作用(动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。2)非谓语动词可有形容词作用(动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。3)非谓语动词可有副词作用(动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。14\n关于非谓语动词的几点说明:1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。eg.Smokingisprohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验;不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。eg.Climbingmountainsisinteresting.爬山很有趣。(经验)Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。eg.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。eg.Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither.--次做两件事等于未做。WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.我的建议是立刻开始干。2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。eg.Toseeistobelieve.百闻不如一见。Toworkmeanstoearnaliving.工作就是为了生活。3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。eg.Hiswishistobuyaluxuriouscarinthenearfuture.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。ThefunctionofLouisSullivan'sarchitecturewastoprovidelargeuninterruptedfloorareasandtoallowamplelightintotheinterior.Themostimportantthingistonegotiatewiththemaboutthefutureoftheplant.(2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。eg.Ourworkisservingthepeople.我们的工作是为人民服务。Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.他的爱好是集邮。HisvictoryinthefinalwasnomoreconvincingthanIhadexpected.他在决赛的胜利完全是令人信服的,正如我所料。(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的;动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。14\n3.非谓语动词常考的结构●疑问词+不定式结构疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语或双重宾语。经常接“疑问词+to”的动词有:decide,know,consider,forget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findoutexplain,tell等。如:Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语)Idon'tknowwhattodo.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)Thedifficultywashowtocrosstheriver.困难在于如何过河。(表语)Icantellyouwheretogetthisbook.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语)注A.有时疑问词前可用介词,如:Ihavenoideaofhowtodoit.我不知道如何做此事。B.动词know后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词(如:how,what)+不定式:Whilestillayoungboy,Tomknewhowtoplay(×toplay)thepianowell.●不带to的不定式1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有:feel觉得,observe注意到,看到,overhear(偶尔)听到,watch注视,listento听,perceive察觉,感知,notice注意,see看见,lookat看,hear听,find找到,smeel闻,taste尝,等;eg.Onseeingtheyoungchildfellintothelake,Ericsprangtohisfeet,andwentontherescue.2)另一类是某些使役动词,如get,make,let,have等。如:eg.Lethimdoit.让他做吧。IwouldhaveyouknowthatIamill.我想要你知道我病了。(注):①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to,如:eg.Hewasseentocome.Theboywasmadetogotobedearly.②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如:eg.Hewassurprisedtofindthesheep(to)breakfenceatthisseason.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶。3)在but或except结构中,but或except前如果有动词do时,后面的动词不带to。反之,则必须带to。例如:eg.LastnightIdidnothingbutwatchTV.昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。Thedoctortoldhimnothingbuttostopsmoking.医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说。Therewasnothingforthemtodobuttoremainsilent.除了保持沉默以外,他们没有别有别的办法。4)其他结构:wouldrather,hadbetter,why…,whynot…,14\nand,or或than连接的两个不定式,第2个to可以省略。4.涉及非谓语动词的相关句型及结构(1)动名词作主语的句型1)Doing...+v.eg.Readingisanart.阅读是门艺术。Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。2)Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore...)等名词+doingsth.eg.Itisnousecrying.哭没有用。Itisnogoodobjecting.反对也没有用。Itisagreatfunplayingfootball.打篮球很有趣。Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain.设法解释是浪费时间。3)Itis+useless(nice,good,interesting,expensive等形容词)+doingsth.eg.Itisuselessspeaking.光说没用。Itisniceseeingyouagain.真高兴又遇到了你。ItisgoodPlayingchessaftersupper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。Itisexpensiverunningthiscar.开这种小车是浪费。(2)非谓语动词的特殊结构有些非谓语形式已成为固定用语,用来表示说话人对说话内容所特的态度。1)现在分词的独立结构 judgingfrom/by…,generallyspeaking,strictlyspeaking2)不定式的独立结构totellyouthetruth,tomakethingsworse,tobegin/startwith3)动词原形: Believeitornot(信不信由你)4)作连词的分词considering(考虑到,就…而言),providing/provided…只要,如果, supposing假如,这些词用来表示条件的连词,后接that从句。eg.Consideringthestrengthoftheopposition,wedidverywelltoscoretwogoals.考虑到对方实力强大,我们进了两个球就很不错了。Idon’tmindGuycomingwithus,provided/providinghepaysforhisownmeals.只要盖伊自付餐费,我不介意他和我们一起去。It’snotworththerisk,supposingyourmotherfoundout?不值得冒这个险,万一你妈妈发现了怎么办?Question2:Custom?固定搭配+V-ing ●只接V-ing的动词:14\nWordsacknowledgeadmit advocateappreciate avoid bearconsider ceasecompletedelaydeny dislike enjoy envyescape excusefinish forgive imagine keep mind miss(未击中、未抓住)practisepermitpostponequit(停止) resist(can’tresistdoing忍住,按捺) risksuggeststandrecall(回想起)eg:Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.Icouldn’tresistsneakingatherdairy.我忍不住偷看了一眼她的日记。Thecarcamescreechingroundthecornerandjustmissinghittingalittleboywhowascrossingroad.汽车尖叫着从街角开过来,险些撞上一个正在过马路的小男孩。GailandJimhavedecidedtopostponehavingafamilyforawhile.Idon’trecallevermeetingher.phrasesbeworth;can’thelp;can'tstand;lookforwardto;insiston;giveup;prefer…to;keepon;devote…to;spend…in;havedifficultyin;haveagoodtime;prevent…from;feellike;confessto;pardon….for;eg.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Hehasdevotedhimselftoprotectingthewildlife.Imustinsistonyourgivingmeanimmediatereply.Youcan’timaginethedifficultywehadmakingalittlemoney.Pardonmeforsayingso,butyou’redoingthatallwrong.●介词+V-ing: ①动词+介词+V-ing形式 Jasonaimsatbecominganastronaut. Idreamofbeingthebestfootballerintheschool.Heconfessedtohavingasecretadmirationforhisopponent.他承认私下里他很钦佩对手。 ②动词+名词+介词+V-ing形式 Pleaseexcusemeforbeinglate. Whatpreventedyoufromjoininguslastnight Sandywastednotimeingettingtoknowtheboss'sdaughter. ③名词+介词+V-ing形式 WelikehiswayofteachingEnglish. Hehaslittlehopeofpassingtheexamination. Ihavenodifficultyincommunicatingwithforeigners. ④形容词+介词+V14\n-ing形式 I'mtiredofhavingthesamefoodeveryday. Peterisangryaboutnotbeinginvitedtotheparty. Who'sresponsiblefororganizingthisconference ? ⑤what/howabout+V-ing形式 Whataboutgoingforawalk? Howaboutplayingagameofchessnow? ⑥介词to+V-ing形式 to既可以是介词,也可以是不定式符号,在使用中比较容易混淆。若是不定式符号,to后接动词原形;若是介词,to后需接-ing形式。 Youmustgetusedtowashingyourfacewithcoldwater. Hehasdevotedhiswholelifetobenefitingmankind. However,othersstronglyobjecttodevelopingprivatecars. Themantooktodrinkingshortlyafterhiswifedied.+todo●只能接todo的动词:afford arrange agree ask attempt appear begin begbother choosecontrivecare claim decide desire determinedemandendeavorenable expect fail happen hope hesitateintendinclinelonglearn manage offer neglectomitplan pretend promiseprofess(声称,公开表明个人感情或信仰)refuse swearseek undertakevolunteer want wishvoweg:Heundertooktopaythemoneybackinsixmonths.Wearealwaysseekingtoimproveproductivity.Oliveromittedtomentionthathewasmarried.Ilongtoseemylittercousin.Theprincedesiredhertobehisqueen.Shedidn’tspeakanyEnglish,butwecontrivedtocommunicateusingsignlanguage.●作形容词的宾语: ①句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语。这类形容词有able,afraid,angry,anxious,careful,clever,content,cruel,determined,disappointed,eager,foolish,fortunate,frightened,happy,impatient,glad,lucky,naughty,prepared,proud,ready,slow,shocked,sorry,surprised,willing等。 Iamsorrytosaythatheisgoingfrombadtoworse. Shewasnotcontenttoliveaquietlifeinasmalltown. Johnwashappytobegiventhejob. ②句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。这类形容词有easy,hard,cheap,expensive,dangerous,difficult,funny,fit,impossible,interesting,nice,pleasant,simple,strange,useful等。 Thisproblemiseasytosolve.14\n Thewaterisnotfittodrink. Sheishardtogetalongwith. 注意:在这种结构中,如果不定式是不及物动词,则必须加上结构或含义所需的介词。 Theriverisdangeroustoswimin. Aspringmattressiscomfortabletosleepon.●下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:V+sb+todo①advise,allow,ask,beg,command,tell,invite,force,oblige,get,help,encourage,persuade,permit,remind,request,order,warn,cause,callon,arrangefor,longfor ,waitfor ,dependon,relyon Wedon'tallowsuchthingstohappenagain. Mostoftheparentsagreetoforbidtheir childrentosmoke. Sheaskedmetoanswerthephoneinherabsence. Pleaseremindmetoleaveherthisnote. Sherequestedhimtogowithher. I'mwaitingforJamestoarrive.He'sarrangedforacartopickthemupatthestation.TheUNhascalledonbothsidestoobservetheceasefire.注意:hope,demand,suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。 【误】Ihopeyoutogivemeahand. 【正】Ihopeyoucangivemeahand.我希望你能帮我一把。 【正】Iwishyoutogivemeahand.我希望你能帮我一把。 【误】Hedemandedmetobepresentatthemeeting. 【正】Hedemandedthatweshouldbepresentatthemeeting.他要求我们出席会议。 【正】Herequiredustobepresentatthemeeting.他要求我们出席会议。 【误】MrLisuggestedhernottogotherealone. 【正】MrLisuggestedthatsheshouldnotgotherealone.李先生建议她不要独自去那里。②表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语:love,like,prefer,hate,want,wish,expect等。 I'dpreferyoutoleavehimalone. Idon'twanttheretobeanytrouble.③在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语:consider,think,believe,discover,find,imagine,judge,suppose,prove等。这类动词后的不定式通常是“tobe+形容词或名词”结构,think,consider,find后的tobe常可省略。 Weconsiderhim(tobe)agoodteacher. Heprovedthattheory(tobe)veryimportant. Ithoughther(tobe)niceandhonestthefirsttimeImether.14\nV-ing或todo●既接动名词又接不定式的动词:但意义有差别!!!!!【口诀记忆】想起忘记常后悔 1)forgettodo忘记要去做某事(此事未做)forgetdoing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)2)stoptodo停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在或经常做的事3)remembertodo记住去做某事(未做)rememberdoing记得做过某事(已做)4)regrettodo对要做的事遗憾regretdoing对做过的事遗憾、后悔5)trytodo努力、企图做某事trydoing试验、试一试某种办法6)meantodo打算,有意要…meandoing意味着7)goontodo继而(去做另外一件事情)goondoing继续(原先没有做完的事情)8)proposetodo打算(要做某事)proposingdoing建议(做某事)9)consider(sb)todo认为,看待considerdoning考虑做某事10)like/love/hate/prefer+todo表示具体行为;+doingsth表示抽象、倾向概念(注)如果这些动词前有should一词,其后宾语只跟不定式,不能跟动名词。例如:Ishouldliketoseehimtomorrow.10)need,want,deserve,require+动名词表被动意义;+不定式被动态。总例:Don'tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?Youmustremembertoleavetomorrow.Idon'tregrettellingherwhatIthought.Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.Youmusttrytobemorecareful.14\nLet'strydoingtheworksomeotherway.Ididn'tmeantohurtyourfeeling.Thisillnesswillmean(your)goingtohospital.Yourcompositionneedscorrecting / tobecorrected.Iamconsideringapplyingtothatjob.Lizwasconsideredtobeanexcellentteacher.Hiscoatwantscleaning /tobecleaned. Theoldwomanrequireslookingaftercarefully / tobelookedaftercarefully.Question3:Difference?【总述】:从时间关系上看,不定式表未来,现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成,同时注意不定式和现在分词的完成式也表完成(尤其是表示有明显的先后关系的完成);从主动与被动来看,不定式和现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动,同时注意不定式和现在分词的被动式也表被动(不定式的被动式在表被动的同时还兼表未来,现在分词的被动式表被动的同时还兼表进行)。非谓语动词句法功能难点考察(一)、考查不定式、现在分词与过去分词的基本区别1.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest_____inayear.A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed分析:答案选C。动词不定式表示未来的动作。2._____fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated分析:答案选C。因为Australia与separate是被动关系,且separate发生在谓语动词has之前,所以用现在分词的完成被动式作原因状语。(二)、考查非谓语动词的主动式与被动式结合句子意思,考察非谓语动词与相应逻辑主语的关系,若为主动关系,用主动式;若为被动关系,用被动式。此时要特别注意,过去分词没有相应的被动式,因为它本身可以表示被动。如:1.Therepairscostalot,butit’smoneywell_____.A.tospendB.spentC.beingspentD.spending分析:答案选B。因money与spend是被动关系,所以用过去分词。2.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30000andanallexpenses_____vacationtoChina.A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid分析:答案选B。因allexpenses与pay是被动关系,故用过去分词。注意句中的an不是修饰14\nexpenses,而是修饰vacation。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m3.When_____help,oneoftensays,“Thankyou.”Or“It’skindofyou.”A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered分析:答案选D。因一个人说“谢谢”,应当是他被提供了帮助,所以要用过去分词,Whenofferedhelp…=Whenheisofferedhelp…(三)、考查非谓语动词完成式的用法非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和现在分词)的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。做题时要注意根据题干所提供的语境来推断这种先后关系。如:1.Thestormleft,_____alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused分析:答案选D。因Thestorm与cause是主动关系,排除选项A;不定式作状语,前面通常不用逗号,排除B和C;因暴风雨给这个地区“造成损失”是在“结束”之前,所以用完成式。2.MoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,_____advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.A.takingB.takenC.havingtakenD.havingbeentaken分析:答案选A。因people与takeadvantageof是主动关系,排除选项B和D;take不会发生在谓语aresigningup之前,不用完成式,排除C。(四)、考查非谓语动词用作伴随状语在通常情况下,表伴随情况的应用现在分词。如:1.“Youcan’tcatchme!”Janetshouted,_____away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran分析:答案选B。现在分词作伴随状语。2.Heglancedoverather,______thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.A.notingB.notedC.tonoteD.havingnoted分析:答案选A。因为he与note是主谓关系,且note与谓语动词glanced的动作同时发生,所以用现在分词的一般式作伴随状语。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m3.Daddydidn’tmindwhatweweredoing,aslongasweweretogether,_____fun.A.hadB.haveC.tohaveD.having分析:答案选D。用现在分词表伴随情况。说明:有时过去分词也可表伴随(注意过去分词同时还表被动关系),但高考很少考查此用法。如:Hecamein,followedbyhiswife.他走了进来,后面跟着他的妻子。(五)、考查非谓语动词用作目的状语在通常情况下,用作目的状语只能是不定式。如:1.“Cantheprojectbefinishedasplanned?”“Sure,_____itcompletedintime,we’llworktwomorehoursaday.”A.havinggotB.togetC.gettingD.get14\n分析:答案选B。作目的状语只能用动词不定式。2.____moreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.A.TofindoutB.FindingoutC.FindoutD.Havingfoundout分析:答案选A。作目的状语要用动词不定式。3.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust_____alookatthesportsstars.A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have分析:答案选C。“看看体育明星”是“在体育馆外等三个小时”的目的,作目的状语只能用动词不定式。(六)、考查非谓语动词用作结果状语1.用现在分词表结果。如:Hefired,killingoneofthepassers-by.他开枪了,打死了一个过路人。Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,_____arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching分析:答案选B。伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果,用现在分词作结果状语。2.用不定式表结果。如:Hereturnedhometofindhiswifewaitingforhim.他回到家发现他的妻子在等他。Hehurriedtothestationonly______thatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound分析:答案选A。因为onlytodo是习语,意为“结果却,不料”,hurried和find是先后发生的两个动作。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m(七)、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语原则上,所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语,其区别是:不定式表未来,现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成和被动。如:1.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_____.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon分析:答案选A。作with的宾语的补足语要用非谓语动词,排除选项B和C;与谓语动作同时发生用现在分词作宾语补足语,排除表示将来的不定式选项D。2.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You’vehadit_____oftenenoughA.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained分析:答案选D。宾语it与explain是被动关系,用过去分词作宾补,havesthdone意为“请人做某事”。(八)、考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题按照英语习惯,非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与句子一致,否则就应调整句子结构。如:Whilewatchingtelevision,_____.14\nA.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings分析:答案选C。因为watching的逻辑主语一定是we,排除选项A和B;又因在hear后作宾语补足语的是省略了to的不定式,所以选项D中的rings是错误的。(九)、考查非谓语动词用作主语的问题w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m原则上说,动词用作主语,只能是不定式或动名词,不能是分词形式。这类考题命题还往往用动词原形作为干扰项进行考查,同学们做题需引起注意。如:It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview;_____theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having分析:答案选D。动名词短语用作主语。(十)、考查“(be+)过去分词+介词”结构有一类“be+过去分词+介词”结构,如beinterestedin,beworriedabout,belostin,bedressedin等,也往往是命题的热点。如:1._____inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing分析:答案选B。因表示“迷路于”是loseoneselfin,题中没有oneself,所以thetwostudents与lose是被动关系,应该用过去分词作状语。2._____inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed分析:答案选A。由dress的宾语一定是人或oneself可知,dress与he是动宾关系,即he与dress是被动关系,要用过去分词作状语,Dressedin…=Asheisdressedin…(十一)、非谓语动词的综合考查有时命题者会将多个知识点综合起来进行考查,如在考查被动式的同时兼考完成式,在考查不定式的同时兼考分词,等等。如:1.Idon’twant____likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded分析:答案选A。表示“想要做某事”want后只能接todo,排除选项C;soundlike中sound是系动词,属不及物动词,不能用于被动语态,排除选项B;sound发生在want后,故不用完成式,排除选项D。2.“IsBobstillperforming?”“I’mafraidnot.Heissaid_____thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.”w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mA.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft分析:答案选A。因he与leave是主动关系,不用被动式,排除选项C和D;由already可知,要用完成式。14\n一般练习:1.Weagreed___herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedup.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet答案:C分析:agree后面接todo形式,根据句子意思,agree后meet动作还未发生,排除D2.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp____intobuysomethingtheydon’treallyneed.A.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded答案:C分析:题意为:进店购物,人们有时不得不被购买不想买的东西。can’thelpdong不得不,禁不住做某事。主语people与persuade为被动关系,所以应用beingdone。3.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains___whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen答案:B分析:后半句butitremains___whethertheywillenjoyit.中,whethertheywillenjoyit.为主语从句,it为形式主语,remain后面接不定式,根据句意see与主语有被动关系。4.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered___thefirstcomputer.A.tohaveinventedB.inventingC.toinventD.havinginvented答案:A分析:人们通常认为CharlesBabbage发明了第一台电脑。这里不定式结构为:somebodybeconsideredtodo/tohavedone.“发明电脑”动作是在consider之前。5.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears____everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold答案:D分析:tohavebeendone表示已经被……,根据句子意思:妈妈似乎已经被告知了一切。6.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.A.expectB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects答案:B分析:本题考查“动词+疑问词+动词不定式”结构。根据句子意思:我知道在新的工作中需要什么。toexpect与what具有动宾关系。7.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake答案:B分析:本题考查在复杂的句子中辨别不定式做表语的能力。根据句子意思:采用新技术的目的是使生活更加方便而不是更加困难。选项应当与句中的tomakelifeeasier想呼应。8.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying答案:A分析:根据句子意思:据说Robert已经出国学习去了,但是我不知道他在哪个国家学习。studyabroad在主句issaid之前表示已经出国学习了。而C,D选项与后半句中的studied不相符。9.Ireallyappreciate____torelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.A.tohavehadtimeB.havingtimeC.tohavetimeD.tohavingtime答案:B分析:我真的很喜欢与你在这个美丽的岛上放松休闲。appreciatedoingsth.10.InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_____foranotherhour.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting14\n答案:A分析:错过一班车意味着再等上一个小时。meandoingsth:意味着做某事。11.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto____someschoolsforpoorchildren.A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup答案:B分析:他把所有的一切都奉献在为贫困儿童建立学校上。devote…todoing:把……奉献在做……上。14