高中英语Module 1 Passive Voice 教案外研社版必修3 教案 5页

外研版第三册模块一PassiveVoice一.何时使用被动语态1.不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要如：Paperismadefromwood.Thehouseisquiteold.Itwasbuiltin1950.Hewaswoundedinthefight.2.需要强调动作的承受者时如：Collatorcan'tbeusedinthemathsexam.Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommustn'tbetakenaway.Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest.3为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。如：Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.Electricityisusedtorunmachines.二.被动语态的构成1.be+done可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构形式。被动语态中，done可以带by短语，而系表结构中done相当于adj.不带by短语。如：Thequestionissettled.(系表结构)Suchquestionsaresettledbyus.(被动语态)Thecompositioniswellwritten.(系表结构)Thecompositioniswrittenwithgreatcare.(被动语态)Thejobwaswelldone.(系表结构)Thejobwaswelldonebyaskilledworker.(被动语态)2.许多verbs(broken,interested,shut,worried),既可以用做adj.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有by，通常是被动语态。如：Iwasworriedaboutyouallnight.(表状态)Iwasworriedbymosquitoesallnight.(表动作)TheglasswasbrokenbyJack.(表动作)\nTheglassisbroken.(表状态)Iwasfrightenedbyhisghoststory.Shewasfrightenedatthesightofasnake.三.不同形式的被动语态1.含有直宾和间宾的主动结构，变为被动时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语。如：Heshowedmehispictures.Iwasshownhispicturesbyhim.Hispictureswereshowntomebyhim.Auntmademeanewdress.Iwasmadeanewdressbyaunt.Anewdresswasmadeformebyaunt.Hesentmeabirthdaypresent.Iwassentabirthdaypresentbyhim.Abirthdaypresentwassenttomebyhim.2含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。（1）将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。如：TheycallherXiaoLi.SheiscalledXiaoLi.Heleftthedooropen.Thedoorwarleftopenbyhim.（2）make,let,have,hear,watch,see,feel,notice.help既动词后变做宾补的不定式一般不加to，变为被动，必须加to.如：MybrotheroftenmademedothisandthatwhenIwasyoung.IwasoftenmadetodothisandthatbymybrotherwhenIyoung.Iheardhermoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.Shewasheardtomoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.DidyouseeJacktakeawaythemagazine?WasJackseentotakeawaythemagazine?3.情态动词的被动语态。是由情态V+be+p.p.构成\n如：Theycannotfindhim.Hecannotbefound.Youmustpaymeforthis.Imustbepaidforthis.Hecanrepairyourwatch.Yourwatchcanberepaired.4.短语V的被动语态一般来讲，只有及物V才有被动语态，因为只有vt才能有动作的承受者;但有许多由不及物动词+介词及其他词类构成的短语动词，相当与及物动词，可以有宾语。因而可以有被动语态，但应注意短语V是一个不可分割的整体。变被动时，不可丢掉构成短语的prep或adv.这样的短语有：lookafter,listento,lookat,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto,makeuseof,etc.如：Theyhadputoutthefirebeforethefire--brigadearrived.Thefirehadbeenputoutbeforethefire-brigadearrived.Theywillsetupanewpublicschoolhere.Anewpublicschoolwillbesetuphere.5.有些动词用主动形式表被动含义。.如：Thegoodssellswell.Thedoorcan'topen.6.有些词如want,need,require和beworth后面，v-ing形式为主动，意义为被动。如：Theroomneeds/wants/requirescleaning.Thebookisworthreading.7.主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使用形式替代词it.如：WeknowthatBritainisanislandcountry.It'sknownthatBritainisanislandcountry.TheteachersaidthatthisbookhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguagesIt'ssaidthatthisbookhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages8.宾语为反身代词，相互代词及虚词it时，不用被动，只用主动。如：Iwilldoitmyself.ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.Wang.\n9.谓语动词是以下时，无被动。happen,belongto,suit,fit(适合),have,let,join,fall,last（延长）,cost（花费）breakout（爆发）appear,burstout(迸发)，hold(容纳)，lack（缺乏），agreewith（同意）.10.据说类动词：say,consider,think,report,know,believe,suggest,understand,hope,etc.如：Itissaidthat…Thereissaidtobe…Sth./Sb.issaidto…11.主动形式表被动①感官动词：sound,taste,smell,fell,look,seem等主语是物时；②一些vi主动形式表被动含义open,close,shut,read,write,translate,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook,eat,weigh,drink,pay,draw,etc.③不定式toblame,tolet（出租）作表语时，主动形式表被动含义④表（sth）需要的need,want,require等后的动名词用主动形式表被动含义⑤beworth后的动名词主动形式表被动含义四.Makethesesentencespassive.1.AboutamilliontouristsvisitFlorenceeachyear.2.TenmillionpeoplevisitedLondonlastyear.3.LeonardodaVincipaintedtheMonaLisa.4.Picassodidn’tpainttheMonaLisa.5.ThousandsofworkersbuilttheGreatWallofChina.Thekey:1.Florenceisvisitedbyaboutamilliontouristseachyear.2.Londonwasvisitedbytenmillionpeoplelastyear.3.TheMonaLisawaspaintedbyLeonardodaVinci.4.TheMoonLisawasn’tpaintedbyPicasso.5.TheGreatWallofChinawasbuiltbythousandsofworkers.五.Correctthewrongstatements.Example:----TheSagradaFimiliawasdesignedbyanEnglisharchitect(Spanish)\n------No,itwasn’t.ItwasdesignedbyaSpanisharchitect.1.TheLouvreArtGalleryislocatedinAthen.(Paris)2.Parisissituatedonthecoast.(theRiverSeine)3.Florenceisvisitedbyeightmilliontouristseveryyear.4.Barcelonaisknownasthebirthplaceofwesterncivilization.5.TheParthenonwasbuiltahundredyearsago.(2.400yearsago.)Thekey:1.No.itisn’t.It’slocatedinParis.2.No,itisn’t.ItissituatedontheRiverSeine.3.No.itisn’t.Itwasvisitedbyonemilliontouristseveryyear.4.No.itisn’t.Athensinknownasthebirthplaceofwesterncivilization.5.No.itisn’t.TheParthenonwasbuilt2,400yearsago.