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初中英语书面表达常错和技巧归纳\n句子常错类型Ilikeplaybasketball.Swimintheseaisdangerous.MyhopeisvisittheUSA.Hedoesn’tknowwhatcanhedo..Hefoundverydifficulttogettosleep.Laosheisfamousforus.Iwanttogotosomewherequiet.\n句子成分介绍主语:1、定义:主语:主语是句子中的陈述对象,说明是谁或什么。2、特点:当经常由名词、代词、名词性短语充。谓语:1、定义:用来说明陈述主语。2、特点:A、经常由动词、形容词充当。B、一般表示主语“怎么样”或“是什么”。宾语:1、定义:表示谓语动词的涉及对象的语言单位。2、特点:A、经常由名词、代词、名词性短语充当。定语:1、定义;用在主语和宾语前面,起修饰和限制作用的语言单位。2、特点:A、经常由名词、形容词、动词、代词充当。B、一般定语与中心词之间有“的”字连接。表语:用在系动词之后。句子里不会轻易出现两个谓语动词,讲解动词在句子里的出现情况-----固定句型,动词不定式,动名词或是并列谓语。\n写句子注意事项语言通顺,表达准确(1)避免使用汉语式英语,尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。几种句型可交替使用,以避免重复和呆板。(2)多用简单句型,记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或情态动词等较复杂的句型。(3).注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。1)语态、时态要准确无误。2)主谓语要一致,主语的人称和数要和谓语一致。3)注意人称代词的宾格形式。4)注意冠词用法,例如:Heisanhoneststudent.中的an不能写成a。5)注意拼写、标点符号和大小写,例如:receive,believe,fourteen,forty,ninth,restaurant等。\n常用连词1)first,second,third,last(不推荐,原因:俗)2)firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally(不推荐,原因:俗)3)thefirst,thesecond,thethird,thelast(不推荐,原因:俗)4)inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,inthethirdplace,lastly(不推荐,原因:俗)5)tobeginwith,then,furthermore,finally(强烈推荐)6)tostartwith,next,inaddition,finally(强烈推荐)7)firstandforemost,besides,lastbutnotleast(强烈推荐)8)mostimportantofall,moreover,finally9)ontheonehand,ontheotherhand(适用于两点的情况)10)foronething,foranotherthing(适用于两点的情况)建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!\n表示空间关系的过渡词:near(to),far(from),inthefrontof,beside,behind,beyond,above,below,totheright,totheleft,ononeside,ontheothersideof,outside…表示比较关系的过渡词:inthesameway,justlike,justas…表示对照关系的过渡词:but,still,yet,however,ontheotherhand,inspiteof,eventhough…表示递进关系的过渡词:also,and,then,too,inaddition,moreover,again…表示因果关系的过渡词:because,since,then,thus,otherwise,so,therefore,asaresult…表示解释说明的过渡词:forexample,infact,inthiscase,for,actually…表示强调的过渡词:infact,indeed,necessarily,certainly,withoutanydoubt,truly,mostimportant…表示目的的过渡词:forthisreason,forthispurpose,sothat,inorderthat,soasto,inorderto,…表示列举的过渡词:forexample,suchas…表示总结性的过渡词:inconclusion,finally,atlast,inbrief,ashasbeenstated,inaword,ingeneral,inall,inaword,generallyspeaking…\n句子练习5月12日,四川省汶川地区发生了罕见的大地震,那里的人们痛失亲人和家园。OnMay12th,abigearthquakehappenedinWenchun,Sichuan.Manypeoplelosttheirrelativesandtheirhomes.Tostayawayfromthedisease,you’dbetterstayathomeasmuchaspossibleandnotgotoplaceswheretherearemanypeople.为了实现他的梦想,他学习非常努力。Heworkedveryhardinordertorealizehisdream.在短短的三年的时间里她不但完成了所有课程,而且还获得了博士学位。Injustthreeyears,shehadnotonlyfinishedallthelessons,butalsoreceivedherdoctor’sdegree.他善良又乐于助人。Hewaskindaswellashelpful.我觉得作听力时有必要作笔记。Ifinditnecessarytotakedownnoteswhilelistening.每个人都必须懂得如何使用计算机Itisamustthateverybodyshouldknowhowtousecomputers\n写作技巧技巧1::认真审题,确定主旨,不能丢项。技巧2:检查语法,时态,语态是否正确。技巧3:句子间的连词要准确的应用.技巧4:使用从句表达(前提为有能力)。itisadjforsb.Todosth。Ifinditadjtodosth.Iwondertoknowthat……。if引导的是状语从句。技巧5:必须有精彩的结束句。结束句是文章的主旨所在(信件除外)。结束句一般是自己的感受或者文章要表达的观点,信件中是美好的祝愿等等。例如:Ienjoythetripverymuch,/thesuccessdependsonthedetails.(成功决定于细节)/Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon./Haveagoodtime,等等表达。\n牛刀小试1.体育锻练(sports)作为一名初三的学生,我们每天进行体育锻炼,如做操、打篮球…因为运动能增强体质,减少疾病。运动使大脑休息,使复习效果更好。通过体育锻炼我…在今后我要…词汇:juniorthree,dosports,morningexercises,takeexercise,health,healthy,relax,strong,necessary,kindsof句型:suchas,soon,ithink…,doing…;sothat…;become…and…;it’sadj.forsb.todosth.;…because…范文1.asagrade3student,wehavesportseveryday,suchasdoingsomeexercise,playingbasketballandsoon.wedosportsbecauseitcannotonlymakeusstrongandbutalsokeepushealthy.itcanalsomakeushaveagoodrestandstudybetter.soiwillkeepdoingsportseverydayfromnowon.\n.mypets•现在,越来越多的人拥有宠物,比如,狗,猫,兔子,鱼等,动物已经成了我们的好朋友,他们为人们带来了很多的乐趣,你们家有宠物吗?谈谈你的看法词汇:•1.n.pet,dog,cat,fish,feather,nose,fur,playmate,friend•2.v.bark,keeppets,taketime,costmoney,bringtroubles,bringalotoffun,run,feedon,relax,playwithsb•3.adj.lovely,nuaghty,small,white,funny•句式:•1.todaymoreandmorepeoplehavekeptanimalsforpets.•2.eventhoughkeepingapettakestimeandcostsmoney,ithinkpetswillbringusalotoffun.3.itistruetosaydogsareman’sbestfriends•4.histwoeyesarejustliketwobiglampsbothbigandbright•5.hisnosesarelikeabuttonnexttotheeyes.•6.whatalovelydog!•.7.itisnecessaryforachildtohaveapettoplaywithbecausetheyarelonelysometimes.•8.iliketoplaywithmypetafterifinishmyhomework•9.ioftentakeawalkwithmypetaftersupper.•10.wheniamunhappy,iliketotalkwithmydags\ntravelling•你喜欢旅游吗?你的上一次旅游去了哪里?都看到了什么?你们玩得愉快吗?请谈谈你的想法。词汇:holidaytravelmobilephonegooutingshappy句式:1.ilike…verymuch.2.lastsummer,iwentto…withwhom3.wewentto…bybus(train,car,bike..)4.wesetoffat(place)…at(time)…5.ittooksb.sometimetogetthere6.wetookalotofpicturesthere7.wehadagoodtimethere(enjoyedourselvesverymuch)8.it’ssuchanexciting…thatiwillneverforgetit.•范文:•lastweekiwenttomountemeiinsichuanprovincewithmyfamily.earlyinthemorning,wetookataxitobeijingwestrailwaystation.thestationwasverylively.•halfanhourlater,wegotonthetrain.onthetrain,wehadalotoffun.after26hours,wereachedsichuan.there,wetookmanyphotosandhadagoodtime.5dayslater,wecamebacktothebeijing.eventhoughmytravelseemedreallyshort,butmymemoryofthepleasanttripwilllastlong.\n中考稍差作文评析假设你是张林。这段时间,你读了许多有关洪战辉的感人故事,还听了他的报告。你很想把他的事迹告诉远在美国的笔友Alex。请根据下表内容写一封信(10分)要求:(1)语言规范,格式正确,并发表个人感想;(2)信中不可用真实姓名,只能用所给姓名;(3)词数60-80;(4)开头以给出,不计入总词数。姓名洪战辉年龄24情况介绍1出生于一个贫困家庭。2小时候,母亲因生活困苦离家。3照顾弟弟、领养的妹妹(adoptedsister)和生病的父亲。4带妹妹上大学,生活艰难,学习刻苦,课余工作。5谢绝他人帮助。\n学生习作DearAlex,How’sitgoing?I’dliketotellyousomethingaboutHongZhanhui,agreatChineseboy.Hong’smotherlefthomebecausethehardlifewhenhewasveryyoung.Sohehastotakecareofhisbrother.Hisyoungadoptedsisterandhissickfather.Hetookhissistertothecollegewithhim.Hongstudyhardandworksafterclass.Lifeisdifficult.Butherefusesothers’help.Yours.ZhangLin\n习作评析优点:本文属于提示作文的范畴,要求写书信的正文部分。本习作写的一般,得分5分。全文能够写出几个要点,能够用英语表达出一定的意义,尽管存在一些问题,但没有出现汉语式英语,避免了不必要的重复。文章中运用了时间状语从名(Hong’smotherlefthomebecausethehardlifewhenhewasveryyoung.);Hetookhissistertothecollegewithhim.和Lifeisdifficult.Butherefusesothers’help.两句写得很好,没有错误。不足及修改方法:本习作内容不够丰富、具体,词数较少,漏掉一个要点,时态运用不准确,用词方面不太符合要求。本文共丢5分,丢分之处有:1词数不够,仅仅50多个单词;2要点不全;3错误较多:(1)Hong’smotherlefthomebecausethehardlifewhenhewasveryyoung.一句中的because后面不能接名词,应该加上介词of;(2)Sohehastotakecareofhisbrother.Hisyoungadoptedsisterandhissickfather.一句中应该用一般过去时,has应该改为had;(3)Hongstudyhardandworksafterclass.一句应该注意主语和谓语动词在数方面保持一致,study应该改为studies.\n改后习作DearAlex,How’sitgoing?I’dliketotellyousomethingaboutHongZhanhui,agreatChineseboy.HongZhanhuiisa24-year-oldcollegestudent.Hewasborninapoorfamily.Hong’smotherlefthomebecauseofthehardlifewhenhewasveryyoung.Sohehadtotakecareofhisbrother,hisyoungadoptedsisterandhissickfather.Hetookhissistertothecollegewithhim.Hongstudieshardandworksafterclass.Lifeisdifficult,butherefusesothers’help.Honghasdonesomuchforhisfamily.Don’tyouthinkweshouldlearnfromhim?YoursZhangLin\n中考满分作文赏析请你以学校学生会的名义,写一份有关即将在本校举办2011年英语夏令营活动的书面通知,内容如下:1词数在80-100个左右;2意思连贯,语言通顺,避免逐条件翻译;3参考词汇:做演讲makeaspeech(givealecture):辩论haveadebate时间7月29日至8月1日地点学校礼堂内容1演讲、辩论2谈学习英语的经验3师生英语晚会4浏览市容要求1欢迎广大同学踊跃参加夏令营活动2活动后写一篇日记,谈谈你的感想\n学生习作June6,2006Dearstudents,TheEnglishSummerCampwillbeheldintheschoolhallfromJuly29toAugust1.Manyinterestingactivitiesarewaitingforyoutojoinin.Duringthecamp,youcangivealectureandhaveadebate.Besides,thestudentswhodowellinEnglishstudywilltalkabouttheirexperience.ThereisalsoanEnglishpartybetweenteachersandstudents.Intheend,you’llhaveachancetovisittheCityofTianJin.Everyoneiswelcometotakeanactivepartinit.Don’tforgettotelluswhatyouthinkofthecampinyoudiary.Students’Union\n构思文章主旨,理清思路,写一篇80字的短文。