【初中】初中定语从句讲解及练习 6页

精品资料欢迎下载初中定语从句讲解及练习一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。*引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why*关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句*1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.*2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(2)Theman(who/whom)youmetjustnowismyfriend.*3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)*4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(2)Whereistheman（that/whom）Isawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)*5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?*具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1、只能使用that,不用which的情况：*1）当先行词是：all,any,anything,everything,nothing或被它们修饰时。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有什么可以为你做的吗？Allthatcanbedonemustbedone.凡是能做的都必须做。精品学习资料可选择pdf第1页，共6页-----------------------\n精品资料欢迎下载*2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。*3）当先行词有：theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。例如：Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthat'smissing.我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。*4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that,不用which或who，以避免重复。例如：Whoisthegirlthatiswearingaredcoat?正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？*5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that。例如：Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。2、只用which不用that的情况：*1)关系代词前有介词时；e.g.ThisistheroominwhichLuXunlived.*2)非限定性定语从句中；作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。e.g.Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.Hehasadaughter,whoworksinahospital.*3)先行词本身是that时；e.g.Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限)Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou这里有人要和你说话(限制性)*4)which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与andthis相似，并可以指人。Hedidverywellinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.*关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.精品学习资料可选择pdf第2页，共6页-----------------------\n精品资料欢迎下载*像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.三、关系副词引导的定语从句*1、when：当主句中的先行词(即主句中被后面定语从句修饰的词)是表示时间意义的名词时，它只能作定语从句的时间状语，放在定语从句句首。如果定语从句的引导词是作该定语从句的主语或宾语，则要改用关系代词that或which来引导。例如：I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.Thedayswhenweusedforeignoilaregone.我们用洋油的日子一去不复返了。I'llneverforgetthedaywhenIwasborn.(=I'llneverforgetmybirthday.)我永远不会忘记我出生的日子。IthappenedinNovemberwhentheweatherwaswetandcold.这事发生在天气又湿又冷的十一月。Theday(that)Ialwaysrememberinallmylifeismybirthday.我一生中最难忘的日子是我的生日。(that作定语从句"thatIalwaysrememberinallmylife"的宾语，that可以省略)*2、where：当主句中的先行词是表示地点意义的名词时，它只能作其所在的定语从句的地点状语，放在定语从句的句首。如果定语从句的引导词作该定语从句的主语或宾语时，也要改用关系代词that或which来引导。例如：ThefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecityThisistheroomwhere(＝inwhich)Ilivedlastyear.这就是我去年住过的房间。Isthistheclassroomwhere(=inwhich)theoldworkerisgoingtomake/giveusareport?这就是那位老工人要给我们做报告的教室吗？Let'slookforaplacewherewecanswim.咱们找一个可以游泳的地方吧。Thebuildingthatisbeingbuiltovertherewillbeanewhospital.正在那边建的楼房将是一家新医院。(引导词that作定语从句"thatisbeingbuiltoverthere"的主语)Thatisthefactory(that)theyvisitedlastmonth.那就是他们上个月参观过的工厂。(引导词that作定语从句"(that)theyvisitedlastmonth"的宾语，that可以省略)*注意：不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when，在地点名词后就一定用关系副词where，在表示原因的thereason后就一定用关系副词why。到底选用关系副词还是关系代词，关键是看它们在从句中是用作状语(用关系副词)还是用作主语或宾语(用关系代词)。如：Don’tforgetthetime(that)I’vetoldyou.不要忘记我告诉你的时间。(that用作told的宾语)精品学习资料可选择pdf第3页，共6页-----------------------\n精品资料欢迎下载I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedwithyou.我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。(when用作状语)Heworksinafactorythat/whichmakesradioparts.他在一家制造无线电零件的工厂工作。(that/which在从句中用作主语，且不能省略)Heworksinthefactorywherehisfatherworked.他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。(where作状语)That’sthereason(that/which)heexplainedtous.那就是他向我们解释的理由。(that或which在从句中用作explained的宾语)That’sthereasonwhyshelefthome.那就是她离家出走的原因。(why在从句中作状语)*英语中的关系副词主要是when,where,why三个，不要想当然地将how用作关系副词修饰theway。如不说Thisisthewayhowhespoke，可改为Thisishowhespoke(how引导的是表语从句)，当然也可说成Thisistheway(that/inwhich)hespoke.(其中的that/inwhich可省略)*另外，when和where可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，而why则只用于引导限制性定语从句，不用于引导非限制性定语从句。Sundayisaholiday,whenpeopledonotgotowork.星期天是假日，（这天）人们不上班。Hetookusintotheclassroom,wheretherewereonlyafewstudents.他把我们带进教室，那儿只有少数几个学生。*在定语从句的使用中，oneof后面的名词是复数，这个复数名词制约后面的定语从句的谓语动词，用复数；而在oneof前面有the或theonly时，后面引导的定语从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoiselected?Jasperisoneofthosepeoplewhoknowabouttheaccident.定语从句练习一、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.2.Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3.Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.4.Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5.Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.6.Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.7.Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8.Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.9.Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.10.Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.11.Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.12.Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.13.Thisisshirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.14.Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.精品学习资料可选择pdf第4页，共6页-----------------------\n精品资料欢迎下载15.Thebook____________isonthetableismine.16.Thefilm____________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.17.Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.18.Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?19.Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.20.Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.二、单项选择()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose()2.What’sthenameoftheprogram________.A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningtoC.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening()3.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything()4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which()5.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat()6.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who()7.Doyouknowthestudent_____?A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk()8.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.who’sC.it'sD.its()9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary_____?A.whatIneedB.IneedC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit()10.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that（）11、Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone（）12、Isthisfactory_______someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone（）13、Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone（）14、Mr.Herpinisoneoftheforeignexpertswho______inChina.A.worksB.isworkingC.areworkingC.hasbeenworking（）15、Those__________notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn（）16、We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist__________wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that精品学习资料可选择pdf第5页，共6页-----------------------\n精品资料欢迎下载（）17、Hefailedintheexamination,__________madehisfatherveryangry.A.whichB.itC.thatD.what()18.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose()19Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.who’sC.it'sD.its()20Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which()21.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat()22.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who（）23.—WhereistheSchoolEnglishSpeechContestgoingtobeheldtonight?—I’mnotsure.Isitinthehall_____canhold300people?A.whereB.whatC.thatD.when（）24.—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?—Ilikemovies_______scarymonsters.A.whichhasB.thathaveC.whathasD.whyhave（）25.Doyouknowtheman______istalkingtoMissWu?A.heB.whomC.whoD.which（）26.—Whichisyournewneighbor,LiuHua?—Theman_______T-shirtisred.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whose精品学习资料可选择pdf第6页，共6页-----------------------