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  • 2022-08-26 发布

【初中】初中宾语从句详细讲解与练习

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宾语从句在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它是众多从句中的一员,在复合句中作主句谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语,如:Iknowtheman.而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语,如:主句引导词从句宾语从句三大块:1.引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择;2.宾语从句的语序;3.宾语从句的时态。Ⅰ.宾语从句的引导词1.陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如:MyteachersaidIwasagoodboy.老师说我是个好男孩。Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Iknow⋯2.Shesays⋯3.Tellyourfriend⋯(that)1.Thisisabook.2.Youlikesinging.3.Heworkedlastnight.4.Theywillgohome.5.JimhasbeentoBeijing.6.Shesingswell.2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如:(1)IsJimagoodstudent?Idon’tknowIdon’tknowif/whetherJimisagoodstudent.(2)DoesKategetupearly?Doyouknow?Doyouknowif/whetherKategetsupearly?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Doyouknow⋯1精品学习资料可选择pdf第1页,共7页-----------------------\n2.Iwanttoknow⋯3.Theteacherasks⋯if/whether1.Ishereading?2.Doyougetupatsix?3.DoesTomworkhard?4.DidyouwatchTV?5.Willtheyreadbooks?6.Canyousing?注意:只能用whether不用if的三种情况?一般情况下,if和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:?①与ornot连用:HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming.Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.?②在介词之后:Itdependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings?③在不定式之前:Wehaven’tdecidedwhethertogothere.Idon’tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的疑问词引导。如:1.Whatisshedoing?Canyoutellme?Canyoutellmewhatsheisdoing?2.Wheredoesshelive?Doyouknow?Doyouknowwhereshelives?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Doyouknow⋯2.Iwanttoknow⋯3.Canyoutellme⋯1.Whatisthis?2.Whatareyoudoing?3.Wheredoyoulive?4.Whendoeshegetup?2精品学习资料可选择pdf第2页,共7页-----------------------\n5.Howdidyougotowork?6.Whowillyouplaywith?Ⅱ.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序句式连词语序例句陈述句That不变Ithinkthatwecanbegoodfriends.一般疑问句if/whether改为陈述语Ican’trememberifIpostedtheletter.序特殊疑问句特殊疑问词改为陈述语HeaskedwhowasourEnglishteacher.序注意事项:(一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时,语序不变:What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?eg:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Ⅲ.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定,可以是_________时态。Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswherewe’llgofishingtomorrow.DoyouknowwhenMr.Smithmovedhere?2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的_________时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。例如:HetoldmethathewasborninBeijingin1992.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.特殊情况:1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时,任用现在时。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.Couldyoutellmewherethebookshopis.2.从句中有具体时间状语,即使从句动作发生在主句动作前,仍然用一般过去时。3精品学习资料可选择pdf第3页,共7页-----------------------\nTheteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.[即学即练]子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1)TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2)Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.3)Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.Jackdidn’tknow______there__________ameetinginfivedays.4)CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow___________________________French.5)Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellme______thechildren____________games.6)Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaChaoMr.ZhaoaskedMaChao______________________________homeworkyet.7)Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknows_____________________________inthepicture?8)Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknow______________hercar?9)Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwondered__________often________about.10)Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknow______________atthedoorsoloudly.11)Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow______hestill_______inthatstreet.12)What'shisname?Iaskedhim.Iaskedhimwhat____________________.13)Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme__________________________________.14)Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.Heaskedtheboys_____they_____friedchicken.15)WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.单项选择1)Ihope________itwillsnowthiswinter.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD./4精品学习资料可选择pdf第4页,共7页-----------------------\n答案:Dhope后面应该接that引导的宾语从句,that在句中没有任何意义,可以省略。2)—Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where答案:A从下文的答语看,上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因”。3)Ican’tremember________Ihaveseenhimbefore.A.whetherB.whyC.whatD.how答案:A本句表达一种不确定的概念,用whether或if。4)—Doyouknow________?I’mgoingtoseehim.—Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.wheredoesMr.LiliveB.wheredidMr.LiliveC.whereMr.LilivesD.whereMr.Lilived答案:C宾语从句要用陈述语气,排除A、B两项。从句意判断问的是“现在住哪儿?”。5)—Wheredoyouthink________he________thecomputer?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A./;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buyD.does;buy答案:Adoyouthink是插入语,可以把它去掉,分析句意应该用应用过去时态和陈述语序。6)Ican’tunderstand________helikescomputergamessomuch.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.where答案:C句意为“我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏”。7)(2010北京中考大纲卷)—Doyouknow________theMP3playerlastweek?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.howmuchdidshepayforB.howmuchwillshepayforC.howmuchshepaidforD.howmuchshewillpayfor答案:C宾语从句要用陈述语序,由此排除A、B两项,由lastweek判断应该用过去时态。8)(2010北京中考大纲卷)Idon’tknow________tomorrow.Canyoutellme?A.whenwestartedB.whendidwestartC.whenwewillstartD.whenwillwestart答案:C由tomorrow判断,应该用将来时态表示。5精品学习资料可选择pdf第5页,共7页-----------------------\n经典例题例1Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper________WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if思路解析:注意本句中斜体部分是一本书的名字《谁动了我的奶酪》,本句含义是“一个读者问书店管理员这本书是不是有趣”。所以答案是D项。答案:D黑色陷阱:本题的主要陷阱是书名WhoMovedMyCheese,它本身含有一个who,容易给人造成误解。绿色通道:在英语中,注意书名一般都是斜体的,且书名的首字母是大写的,注意把它看成一个独立的完整的东西。例2Iwastold________BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.A.thathowB.howthatC.whenthatD.thatwhen思路解析:注意后面从句的含义是“比尔·盖茨十三岁的时候开始玩电脑”,应该用when表示“当⋯⋯时”,本句中的that是宾语从句的引导词。所以选D项。答案:D黑色陷阱:本句结构复杂,主要陷阱设置在when上,它在本句中起到引导后面的时间状语的作用。绿色通道:做此类题,要慢慢理顺思路,不要钻牛角尖,当一种含义说不通时,从另一个角度或另一个含义考虑。例3(2010江苏苏州中考)—Iwonder________.—Zebras.A.whatdotheycalltheseanimalsB.howtheycalltheseanimalsC.whattheycalltheseanimalsD.howdotheycalltheseanimals思路解析:本句含义是“我想知道他们叫这些动物什么”,排除B、D两项。另外宾语从句要用陈述语序。所以选C项。答案:C黑色陷阱:本句容易译成“他们怎样称呼这些动物”而错选how,注意本句中隐含句型callsb.sth.含义是“称呼某人⋯⋯”。绿色通道:解答本类题首先分析句意,确定引导词,然后看好语序和时态。例4(2010北京中考)I’mdifferentfrommytwinsister.Ilovedancing,________sheisinterestedin6精品学习资料可选择pdf第6页,共7页-----------------------\nreading.A.soB.orC.butD.and思路解析:本句是转折关系,选择C项。答案:C黑色陷阱:本句陷阱在于选项前后都是肯定句形式,不细读题而误选D项。绿色通道:并列句主要是根据句意来判断前后两句的逻辑关系,所以一定要把题读完再作判断。例5(2010重庆中考)Workhard,________youmaycatchupwithyourclassmatessoon.A.orB.butC.andD.yet思路解析:本句是“祈使句+and”的句型,句意为“努力学习,你会很快赶上其他同学的”,and在句中表示承接关系,所以选C项。答案:C黑色陷阱:本题的陷阱是句型,本句型区别于“祈使句+or”,这个句型的含义是“⋯⋯,不然的话/否则⋯⋯”。绿色通道:祈使句后面既可以加and,也可以加or,所以要全面分析句意,再作决定7精品学习资料可选择pdf第7页,共7页-----------------------

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