【初中】初中定语从句讲解练习及答案 8页

学习必备欢迎下载定语从句讲解及练习一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘的’表示；主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任；单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语；短语和从句作定语时就放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语；定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后；如：1〕Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2〕YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面；引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who〔宾格who,全部格whose〕和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语〔1〕TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.〔2〕YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略；\n学习必备欢迎下载(1)Mr.Liuistheperson〔whom〕youtalkedabout.留意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略；〔3〕Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.2.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboy.s〔which在句子中做主语〕(2)Thisisthepen〔which〕heboughtyesterda.y〔which在句子中做宾语〕3.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which；在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略；(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.〔在句子中做主语〕(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning.〔在句子中做宾语〕4.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadocto.r(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.〔5〕Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow.=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow.注：that用法〔1〕不用that的情形(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时；〔错〕Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.(b)介词后不能用；\n学习必备欢迎下载Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情形(a)在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which；(b)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which；(c)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时，只用that；(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which；.(e)先行词既有人，又有物时；(f)先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．(g)为了防止重复．〔h〕先行词是theway或thereason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略〔i〕主句的主语是疑问词who/which时举例：Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary.这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished．谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩处．Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题；Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察；三、关系副词引导定语从句\n学习必备欢迎下载关系副词关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/...which〔介词同先行词搭配〕when=during/on/in/...which〔介词同先行词搭配〕1.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句；(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.2.when引导定语从句表示时间；在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.[注]表示时间“time一"词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导；BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期；IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍旧记得我第一次见到她；Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc；每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，许多；3.why指缘由在定语从句中做缘由状语(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.留意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换\n学习必备欢迎下载(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略；2）that前不能有介词；3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或缘由状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换；ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub.Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub.Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.Thisisthemanwantstoseeyou.2.ThestudentansweredthequestionisZhangHua.3.Themanyouwenttoseehascome.4.ThemanImetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5.Thewomanyousawisourgeographyteacher.6.Therunneryouareaskingaboutisoverthere.7.ThepersonyoushouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8.Themanwaspassingbysawwhathappened.9.Hereisthepenyoulostthedaybeforeyesterday.\n学习必备欢迎下载1.Thesebooksyoulentmewereveryuseful.2.ThestorybookIhavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.3.Aclockisamachinetellspeoplethetime.4.ThisisshirtIboughtyesterday.5.Adictionaryisabookgivesthemeaningtotheword.6.Thebookisonthetableismine.7.Thefilmtheyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.8.IwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplacesIhaveevervisited.9.IsthereanyonefamilyisinBeijing.10.Showmetheboymotherisawell-knownsinger.11.TheboyfatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.三、单项挑选〔〕1.YourteacherofChineseisayoungladycomesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose〔〕2.What’sthenameoftheprogram.A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningtoC.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening〔〕3.Thestudentswereallinterestedyoutoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything〔〕4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisofficewasinvited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which〔〕5.Thisisthemuseumwevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat〔〕6.Charlietoldhismotherallhadhappened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who〔〕7.Doyouknowthestudent.A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk〔〕8.Ilikethehousewindowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.who’sC.it'sD.its\n学习必备欢迎下载〔〕9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary.A.whatIneedB.IneedC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit〔〕10.TheyoungwomanIspokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that练习〔二〕1.Don’tatlkaboutsuchthingsofyouarenotsure.A.whichB.whatC.asD.those5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplacescouldn’tbefound.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperaturewaterchangesintoice.A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat7.Thisbookwillshowyoucanbeusedinothercontexts..A.howyouhaveobservedB.whatyouhaveobservedC.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved8.Thereasonisheisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether9.I’lltellyouhetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which10.Thattree,branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich11.Ihaveboughtthesamedresssheiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what12.Hefailedintheexamination,madehisfatherveryangry.A.whichB.itC.thatD.what13.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianistwereintheconcertweenadtetdlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that14.ThegirlanEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging15.Thosenotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn16.Anyonethisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst17.Didn’tyouseetheman._A.InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnowC.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow18.Canyoulendmethenoveltheotherday.\n学习必备欢迎下载A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout6.Isthereanythingtoyou.A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs7.----“Howdoyoulikethebook.”----“It’squitedifferentfromIreadlastmonth.”A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat8.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexceptwhohadalreadytakenthem.A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers9.Thetrainshewastravellingwaslate.A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat10.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawerthepapersarekept.A.whereB.inwhichC.underwhichD.which11.Antarcticweknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich12.It’sthethirdtimelatethismonth.A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou’vearriveDd.whenyou’vearrived13.Itwasin1969theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.inwhich14.MaythefourthisthedayweChinesepeoplewillneverforget.A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich15.WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.where16.Thehotelduringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.A.westayedatB.wherewestayedatC.westayedD.inthatwestayed17.Isitinthatfactory“RedFlag”carsareproduced.A.inwhichB.whereC.whichD.that三挑选1-5ADACC6-10ACABB[参考答案]1—5AADBA6—10ABCCA11—15AADAD16—20CDDBC21—25ACBDC26—30AADAD