【初中】初中被动语态语法及练习 4页

被动语态（强化辅导）2010.10一、①英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态主动语态表示是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者Catseatfish.（主动语态）猫吃鱼。Fishiseatenbycats.(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。②被动语态的构成由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。1.一般现在时的被动语态：TheyspeakEnglish.→Englishisspoken(bypeople)2.一般过去时的被动语态：Hewateredtheflowersjustnow.→Theflowerswerewatered(him)justnow.3.一般将来时的被动语态：Wewillcleantheclassroom.→Theclassroomwillbecleaned(byus).4.现在进行时的被动语态：Tomispickingapples.→ApplesarebeingpickingbyTom5.现在完成时的被动语态：Theworkershavebuiltahouse.→Ahousehasbeenbuiltbytheworkers.6.情态动词的被动语态：Youshouldlookafterhimwell.Heshouldbelookedafterwell.→二．含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时有两种情况：1、通常把间接宾语的变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留在原位置。Tomgavemeabikelastyear.→IwasgivenabikebyTomlastyear.Myfatherboughtmeashirtyesterday.→Iwasboughtashirtbymyfatheryesterday.2、把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，则要在间接宾语前加上介词to(make制造，buy变为被动时常用for)。Tomgavemeabikelastyear.→AbikewasgiventomebyTomlastyear.Myfatherboughtmeashirtyesterday.→Ashirtwasboughtformeyesterday.三、动词短语变为被动语态时不能漏掉其中的介词或副词。Youmustlistentotheteachercarefulllyinclass.→Theteachermustbelistenedtocarefullyinclass.四、主动语态中有些动词，如：make，have，let，see，watch，hear等后面常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时要加to。Weoftenheartheboysinginthenextroom.→Theboyisoftenheardtosinginthenextroom.四．注意事项：1.不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen,takeplace,appear,hold(容纳)2.系动词是没有被动语态：Look,feel,sound,smell,taste如：Thedishtastesgood.⋯.3.有些词组没有被动语态：sellwell,writewell,ridewell如：Thiskindofskirtsellswell.精品学习资料可选择pdf第1页，共4页-----------------------\n4.need表示需要时，后面常接doing形式表示被动意义，相当于tobedone.Allthecomputersneedrepairing.=Allthecomputersneedtoberepaired.练习：将下列各句改为被动语态1.Hereadthelettertoallhisfriends.2.Idon’tgivehimmybooks.3.Hehandedmethemagazine.4.Sheboughtherbrotheradictionary.5.Wemustchoosesomebooksforyourbrother.6.Theynamedhim“hero”7.Theyfoundtheplacewasawonderfulvillage.8．Theteacheriskeepingthepupilsatschoolforarevision.9.YoumustfinishthearticlebeforeFriday.10.Theywillpaintthehouseagainnextyear.11.TheygaveMaryanewdollforherbirthday.12.Ihavetoldthechildrenmanytimesnottoplayhere.13.WehadtorepairourTVset.14．Theyshowedmetheroomwheretheylived.15．Theymakemachinesinthatfactory16Everybodylikesthissong17.Peopledon'tgrowriceinthewestofjapan18．HeoftenhelpsTomwhenTomisintrouble19.PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.精品学习资料可选择pdf第2页，共4页-----------------------\nEnglish_______________________inmanycountries.20.Webuiltthisbridgelastyear.Thisbridge___________________________lastyear.21.Thetigerinthezoofrightenedthelittlegirl.Thegirl_______________bythetigerinthezoo.22.XiaoLiuhasinvitedyoutoalunchparty.You___________________________________________toalunchparty.23.Youmustnottakethesemagazinesoutofthereading-room.Thesemagazines________________________________thereading-room.24.Wewilldiscusstheproblemattomorrow'smeeting.Theproblem_____________________byusattomorrow.改正下列句子1.Thishousebuilt100yearsago._____________________________2.Footballplaysinmostcountriesoftheworld.__________________3.Whereareyouborn?____________________把下列句子变成主动语态1.Spanishisspoken(bypeople)inSouthAmerica.3.Allthewordsmustbelookedup(byus)inadictionary.单项选择1.-Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?-Yes.Ourclassroom______everyday.A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleanedD.iscleaning2.Astory._____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus3.IfI_____wingslikeabird,I______beabletoflyinthesky.A.have;shouldB.had;wouldC.wouldhave;willD.had;can4.-DidyougotoJack’sbirthdayparty?—No,I______.A.amnotinvitedB.wasn’tinvitedC.haven’tinvitedD.didn’tinvite5.—Mum,canIgotothezoowithJack?—Whenyourhomework_____,youcan.A.isdoneB.wasdoneC.doesD.did6.Twenty-year-oldsshouldnot______todriveinChina.A.allowB.beallowC.beallowedD.allowed.7.Iaskedhimwhat_____.A.wouldhappenB.hadhappenedC.happenedD.washappened.8．ThebookBusiness@theSpeedofThought_____in1999.A.writesB.iswrittenC.wroteD.waswritten.9．Treesandflowers___everyyeartomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.A.isplantedB.wasplantedC.areplantedD.wereplanted.10.Themonkeywasseen____outofthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump11．Theearthisourhome.It_____well.A.mustbeprotectedB.shouldprotectC.needprotectD.shouldprotected.精品学习资料可选择pdf第3页，共4页-----------------------\n12．Inrecentyears,manychildrenaremade_____whattheyarenot_____.A.todo;interestedinB.todo;interestedC.do;interestedD.do;interested.13．_____anewlibrary____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;builtD.Did;built.14．Anaccident_______onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened.15．Rice_______inthesouthofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow.16.Sofar,themoon_____bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited.17.Howmanytrees_____thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted.18.Lotofthings_____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone.19.Neitherofthem_____inChinaA.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made.20.Look!Anicepicture______forourteacher.A..isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.draws.21.Thedoctor_____foryet.A.isn’tsentB.hasn’tbeensentC.won’tbesentD.wasn’tsent.22.—When_____thiskindofcomputer_____?—Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used23.TheGreatWall____aboutallovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown.24.HesaysthatMrZhang______tothefactorynextweek.A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent.25.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.do;writtenD.was;written词汇或短语辨析：1、beableto，can能够beableto有多种时态变化。can只有一一般现在时和一般过去时（即can和could两种形式2、above，over，on在⋯⋯的上面above在⋯⋯泛指上方（与物体表面不接触）over在⋯⋯正上方（与物体表面不接触）on在⋯⋯上面（与物体表面接触）3、across，through，cross穿过across介词，横穿（在某个平面）Heiswalkingacrossthestreet.through介词，（从空间穿过）Thethiefgotinthroughthewindow.cross动词（在某个平面）Theboyscrosstheroad.精品学习资料可选择pdf第4页，共4页-----------------------