2021年【初中】初中定语从句讲解及练习 8页

学习必备欢迎下载中学定语从句讲解及练习一.定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；如：1〕Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2〕YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything为定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面；*引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who〔宾格whom、全部格whose〕和关系副词where、when.why*关系词常有三个作用：1.引导定语从句2.代替先行词3.在定语|精.|品.从句中担当一个成分|可.|编.|辑.二.关系代词引导的定语从句|学.|习.|资.*1.who指人，在从句中做主语|料.*|〔1〕TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.*|*〔2〕YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.|*|*|欢.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略；|迎.|下.|载.(1)Mr.Liuistheperson〔whom〕youtalkedabout.留意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略；(2)Theman〔who/whom〕youmetjustnowismyfriend.*3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.〔which在句子中做主语〕(2)Thisisthepen〔which〕heboughtyesterday.〔which在句子中做宾语〕*4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略；(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.〔在句子中做主语〕(2)Whereistheman（that/whom）Isawthismorning.〔在句子中做宾语〕*5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.〔4〕Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow.=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow.*详细使用时仍要留意以下问题：1.只能使用that、不用which的情形：*1）当先行词为：all、any、anything、everything、nothing或被它们修饰时；IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou.有什么可以为你做的吗？Allthatcanbedonemustbedone.凡为能做的都必需做；\n第1页，共6页\n学习必备欢迎下载*2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时；例如：Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.那为这家书店出售的最好玩的书之一；Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.我们该做的第一件事为弄点吃的；*3）当先行词有：theonly、thevery、thesame、thelast等修饰时；例如：Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthat'smissing.我的项链不仅为丢掉的东西；*4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that、不用which或who，以防止重复；例如：|精.|品.|可.Whoisthegirlthatiswearingaredcoat.|编.|辑.|学.正穿一件红色外套的女孩子为谁？|习.|资.|料.*5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that；例如：*|*Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywell|*|known.*|你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说的确很闻名；|欢.|迎.|下.2.只用which不用that的情形：|载.*1〕关系代词前有介词时；e.g.ThisistheroominwhichLuXunlived.*2〕非限定性定语从句中；作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略；e.g.Thatnecklace、whichyougavemeasapresent、waslostyesterday.Hehasadaughter、whoworksinahospital.*3〕先行词本身为that时；e.g.Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime非限定性定语从句的作用为对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常为引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立；CharlesSmith、whowasmyformerteacher、retiredlastyear.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经为我的老师；（非限〕Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou这里有人要和你说话〔限制性〕*4〕which仍有一种特别用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念；在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情形下意思为与andthis相像，并可以指人；Hedidverywellinthecompetition、whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.*关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.第2页，共6页\n学习必备欢迎下载*像listento、lookat、takecareof等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开；例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.三.关系副词引导的定语从句*1.when：当主句中的先行词〔即主句中被后面定语从句修饰的词〕为表示时间意义的名词时，它只能作定语从句的时间状语，放在定语从句句首；假如定语从句的引导词为作该定语从句的主语或宾语，就要改用关系代词that或which来引导；例如：I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.|精.|品.Thedayswhenweusedforeignoilaregone.我们用洋油的日子一去不复|可.|编.|辑.返了；|学.|习.|资.I'llneverforgetthedaywhenIwasborn.〔=I'llneverforgetmybirthday.〕|料.*|我永久不会遗忘我诞生的日子；*|*IthappenedinNovemberwhentheweatherwaswetandcold.这事发生|*在天气又湿又冷的十一月；||欢.|迎.Theday〔that〕Ialwaysrememberinallmylifeismybirthday.我一生中最|下.|载.难忘的日子为我的生日；〔that作定语从句"thatIalwaysrememberinallmylife"的宾语，that可以省略〕*2.where：当主句中的先行词为表示地点意义的名词时，它只能作其所在的定语从句的地点状语，放在定语从句的句首；假如定语从句的引导词作该定语从句的主语或宾语时，也要改用关系代词that或which来引导；例如：ThefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecityThisistheroomwhere〔＝inwhich〕Ilivedlastyear.这就为我去年住过的房间；Isthistheclassroomwhere〔=inwhich〕theoldworkerisgoingtomake/giveusareport.这就为那位老工人要给我们做报告的教室吗？Let'slookforaplacewherewecanswim.咱们找一个可以游泳的地方吧；Thebuildingthatisbeingbuiltovertherewillbeanewhospital.正在那边建的楼房将为一家新医院；〔引导词that作定语从句"thatisbeingbuiltoverthere"的主语〕Thatisthefactory〔that〕theyvisitedlastmonth.那就为他们上个月参观过的工厂；〔引导词that作定语从句"〔that〕theyvisitedlastmonth"的宾语，that可以省略〕*留意：不要以为在时间名词后就肯定用关系副词when，在地点名词后就肯定用关系副词where，在表示缘由的thereason后就肯定用关系副词why；究竟选用关系副词仍为关系代词，关键为看它们在从句中为用作状语〔用关系副词〕仍为用作主语或宾语〔用关系代词〕；如：Don’tforgetthetime〔that〕I’vetoldyou.不要遗忘我告知你的时间；〔that用作told的宾语〕第3页，共6页\n学习必备欢迎下载I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedwithyou.我永久不会遗忘我与你共事的日子；〔when用作状语〕Heworksinafactorythat/whichmakesradioparts.他在一家制造无线电零件的工厂工作；〔that/which在从句中用作主语，且不能省略〕Heworksinthefactorywherehisfatherworked.他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作；〔where作状语〕That’sthereason〔that/which〕heexplainedtous.那就为他向我们说明的理由；〔that或which在从句中用作explained的宾语〕That’sthereasonwhyshelefthome.那就为她离家出走的缘由；〔why在从句中作状语〕|精.|品.*英语中的关系副词主要为when、where、why三个，不要想当然地将|可.|编.|辑.how用作关系副词修饰theway；|学.|习.|资.如不说Thisisthewayhowhespoke，|料.*可改为Thisishowhespoke〔how引导的为表语从句〕，|*|当然也可说成Thisistheway〔that/inwhich〕hespoke.〔其中的that/in*|which可省略〕*||欢.*另外，when和where可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，而why就只|迎.|下.用于引导限制性定语从句，不用于引导非限制性定语从句；|载.Sundayisaholiday、whenpeopledonotgotowork.星期天为假日，（这天）人们不上班；Hetookusintotheclassroom、wheretherewereonlyafewstudents.他把我们带进教室，那儿只有少数几个同学；*在定语从句的使用中，oneof后面的名词为复数，这个复数名词制约后面的定语从句的谓语动词，用复数；而在oneof前面有the或theonly时，后面引导的定语从句中的谓语动词就用单数形式；Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoiselected.Jasperisoneofthosepeoplewhoknowabouttheaccident.定语从句练习一.用关系代词填空：that.which.who.whom.whose1.Thisisthemanwantstoseeyou.2.ThestudentansweredthequestionisZhangHua.3.Themanyouwenttoseehascome.4.ThemanImetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5.Thewomanyousawisourgeographyteacher.6.Therunneryouareaskingaboutisoverthere.7.ThepersonyoushouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8.Themanwaspassingbysawwhathappened.9.Hereisthepenyoulostthedaybeforeyesterday.10.Thesebooksyoulentmewereveryuseful.11.ThestorybookIhavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.12.Aclockisamachinetellspeoplethetime.13.ThisisshirtIboughtyesterday.14.Adictionaryisabookgivesthemeaningtotheword.第4页，共6页\n学习必备欢迎下载15.Thebookisonthetableismine.16.Thefilmtheyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.17.IwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplacesIhaveevervisited.18.IsthereanyonefamilyisinBeijing.19.Showmetheboymotherisawell-knownsinger.20.TheboyfatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.二.单项挑选〔〕1.YourteacherofChineseisayoungladycomesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose〔〕2.What’sthenameoftheprogram.|精.A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningto|品.|可.|编.C.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening|辑.|学.|习.〔〕3.Thestudentswereallinterestedyoutoldthemyesterday.|资.|料.*A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything|*|〔〕4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisofficewasinvited.*|A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which*||欢.〔〕5.Thisisthemuseumwevisitedlastyear.|迎.|下.|载.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat〔〕6.Charlietoldhismotherallhadhappened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who〔〕7.Doyouknowthestudent.A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk〔〕8.Ilikethehousewindowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.who’sC.it'sD.its〔〕9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary.A.whatIneedB.IneedC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit〔〕10.TheyoungwomanIspokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that（）11.Isthisthefactoryyouvisitedtheotherday.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone（）12.IsthisfactorysomeforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone（）13.Isthisthefactoryheworkedtenyearsago.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone（）14.Mr.HerpinisoneoftheforeignexpertswhoinChina.A.worksB.isworkingC.areworkingC.hasbeenworking（）15.Thosenotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn（）16.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianistwereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that\n第5页，共6页\n学习必备欢迎下载（）17.Hefailedintheexamination、madehisfatherveryangry.A.whichB.itC.thatD.what〔〕18.YourteacherofChineseisayoungladycomesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose〔〕19Ilikethehousewindowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.who’sC.it'sD.its〔〕20Hewastheonlypersoninhisofficewasinvited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which〔〕21.Thisisthemuseumwevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat|精.|品.〔〕22.Charlietoldhismotherallhadhappened.|可.|编.|辑.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who|学.|习.（）23.—WhereistheSchoolEnglishSpeechContestgoingtobeheldtonight.|资.|料.*—I’mnotsure.Isitinthehallcanhold300people.|*|A.whereB.whatC.thatD.when*|（）24.—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike.—Ilikemoviesscarymonsters.*||欢.A.whichhasB.thathaveC.whathasD.whyhave|迎.|下.（）25.DoyouknowthemanistalkingtoMissWu.|载.A.heB.whomC.whoD.which（）26.—Whichisyournewneighbor、LiuHua.—ThemanT-shirtisred.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whose第6页，共6页