【初中】初中被动语态讲解及练习 7页

精品资料欢迎下载被动语态一、概念：语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系；语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态；假如主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；假如主语是动作的承担者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，就用被动语态；二、主动句变为被动句的步骤：1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语2.把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，并留意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态就保持不变；3.原主动句的主语如需要就放在by后面以它的宾格形式显现（注代词的宾格），如不需要就可省略；4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变；三、被动语态的用法：1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.Mymotherasksmetostudyhard.2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词Anewshopwasbuiltlastyear.3.现在完成时的被动语态构成：has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.4.一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+be+及物动词的过去分词Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词Youngtreesmustbewateredoften.Yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow.Thedoormaybelockedinside.\n精品资料欢迎下载Yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow.1.现在进行时的被动语态构成：am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词2.不定式的被动语态：to+be+及物动词的过去分词Therearetwobookstoberead.Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to；例：makesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+madetodosomethingseesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+seentodosomethingAgirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.→Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.→Thelittlebmoyadweastodoheavyworkbytheboss.4.假如是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，可以使用直接宾语也可以使用间接宾语作被动语态句子的主语；使用直接宾语〔物〕作主语时，要在动词后加上介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词打算；Hegavemeabook.→Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket.→Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词；Wecan’tlaughathim.→Hecan’tbelaughedatbyus.Helistenstotheradioeveryday.→Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.→Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.不用被动语态的情形1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬时动词）：appear,die〔死亡〕,disappear（消逝）,end〔vi.终止〕,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand\n精品资料欢迎下载breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.如：Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词；〔错〕Thepricehasbeenrisen.〔对〕Thepricehasrisen.〔错〕Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.〔对〕Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.〔错〕Thepricehasraised.〔对〕Thepricehasbeenraised.〔错〕Pleaseseat.〔对〕Pleasebeseated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须留意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的；特殊是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法；解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积存；1)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch，agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto如：Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.被动语态练习一、挑选题〔〕1.anewlibraryinourschoollastyear.A.Is;builtB.Was;bulitC.Does;buildD.Did;build〔〕2.Anaccidentonthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened〔〕3.CottoninthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow〔〕4.Sofar,themoonbymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited\n精品资料欢迎下载〔〕5.AtalkonChinesehistoryintheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives〔〕6.Howmanytreesplanted〔〕7.Alotofthingsthisyear.A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone〔〕8.NeitheroftheminChina.A.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made〔〕9.Look.Anicepictureforourteacher.A.isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.draws〔〕10.Yourshoes.Youneedanewpair.A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn〔〕11.Thedoctorforyet.A.isn'tsentB.hasn'tbeensentC.won'tbesentD.wasn'tsent〔〕12.--Whenthiskindofcomputers.--Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used〔〕13.TheGreatWallallovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown〔〕14.Iinsummer.A.bornB.wasbornC.havebeenbornD.amborn〔〕15.HesaysthatMrZhangtothefactorynextweek.A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent〔〕16.Whothisbook.A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written〔〕17.Maryshowmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto〔〕18.AstorybyGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus〔〕19.Themonkeywasseenoffthetree.\n精品资料欢迎下载A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump〔〕20.Theschoolbagbehindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput〔〕21.Olderpeoplewell.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter〔〕22.Ourteachercarefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened二、将以下句子变为被动语态，每空一词；1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.Theworkintwodays.2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.SilkinSuzhou.3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.AnEnglishsongbythechildren.4.Youneedn'tdoitnow.Itbyyounow.5.LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek.ANewYearCardherbymelastweek.6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.Metalformakingmachines.7.Hemademedothatforhim.Ithatforhim.8.Ihavegiventhisbooktothelibrary.Thisbooktothelibrary.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago.abridgeherebythemayearago.10.We'llputonanEnglishplayinourschool.AnEnglishplayoninourschool.11.MoreandmorefarmersbuycolorTVsets.ColorTVsetsmoreandmorefarmers.12.Mybrotheroftenmendshiswatch.Hiswatchbymybrother.13.Wemustwatertheflowerseveryday.Theflowersmust〔byus〕everyday.14.Theyuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knivesforcuttingthings.15.Hemadethefarmersworkforalongtime.Thefarmersforalongtime.16.Didhebreakthewindowyesterday.thewindowyesterday.9.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.Thelightgreendressesout.10.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomeveryday.\n精品资料欢迎下载9.Youmustnotplanttreesinverydryearth.Treesinverydryearth.10.Youcandigaholeintheearth.AHoleintheearth.三、用动词的正确语态填空；1.Thestudentsoften〔tell〕totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.2.Thatplay〔put〕onagainsometimenextmonth.3.Theoldmanisill.He〔mustsend〕tothehospital.4.Vegetables,eggsandfruits〔sell〕inthisshop.5.Whataknife〔make〕of.It〔make〕ofmetalandwood.1.APianoconcert〔give〕herelastFriday.2.themagazine〔cantake〕outofthelibrary.3.Theroom〔clean〕bymeeveryday.4.Thestars〔cansee〕inthedaytime.5.Someflowers〔water〕byLiMingalready.6.Thesekindsofmachines〔make〕inJapan.7.Apples〔grow〕inthisfarm.8.Russian〔learn〕asthesecondlanguagebysomestudentsinChina.9.Planes,carsandtrains〔use〕bybusinesspeoplefortravelling.10.Thecinema〔build〕in1985.11.Thebike〔mustnotput〕here.12.Abeautifulhorse〔draw〕byJohnnextday.13.Thiskindofmachine〔canmade〕byuncleWang.14.Mr.Green〔open〕twonewschool.15.ThePLA〔found〕onAugust1st,1927.\n精品资料欢迎下载