初中宾语从句讲解练习 11页

初中英语语法宾语从句宾语从句的定义：在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。E.g.Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(动词宾语)MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介词宾语)宾语从句的类别：宾语从句的引导词有三类：(1)以that引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句，that可以省略。eg,Theradiosays(that)thecloudswillliftlateron.Shetoldme(that)shewouldliketogowithus.(2)由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。从句是陈述语序eg,Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematterwithyou?Iwanttoknowhowsoonitwillbegin.(3)以whether或if引导的宾语从句,If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序eg,Iwonderif/whetheryouhavetoldthenewtoLiLei.宾语从句的时态(1)当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时，从句可用所需要的任何时态。eg,Iwanttoknowwhattimehegotupthismorning.Youaretellingmethatyouwon'tstopuntiltomorrow?(2)当主句为一般过去时态时，从句要用于过去有关的时态。eg,TheyaskedwhatJeanwasdoingnow.Lindasaidthatthetrainhadleft.(3)当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。eg,Lisaaskedwhetherlighttravelsfasterthansound.Pollysaidnonewsisagoodnews宾语从句的引导词11\n初中英语语法宾语从句注意：一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外。1.当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether.eg,Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepicnic.2.引导词与动词不定式或not连用时，只用whether.eg,Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext.Couldyoutellmewhetherugoornot?3.在不定式前用whether。如：Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。4.whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whetherthisistrueornot，Ican'tsay．这是否真的我说不上来。5.引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion．她是否能来还是个问题。6.若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook．可理解为：b．Ifyoulikethebook，pleaseletmeknow．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我7.if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether.eg,Youcan'tworktheplanoutifyoudon'thavethemeeting.8.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时，这时不能用whether.HeaskedifIdidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.9.引导状语从句evenif（即使）和asif（好象）时，这时不能用whether.Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.宾语从句的否定转移：1.当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。Idon’tthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.11\n初中英语语法宾语从句2.主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?IexpectourEnglishteacherwillbebackthisweekend,won'tshe/he?Wesupposeyouhavefinishedtheproject,haven'tyou?3.如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?4.当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。Yoursistersupposessheneedsnohelp,doesn'tshe?Youthoughttheycouldhavecompletedtheproject,didn'tyou?Theydon'tbelieveshe'sanengineer,dothey?Shedoesn'texpectthatwearecomingsosoon,doesshe?练习题(1)．Idon’tthinkheisright,_________?A．isn’theB．isheC．doID．don’tI(2).Hebelievessheisright,__________?A．doesn’theB．doesheC．issheD．isn’tshe(3).Ithoughtthathedislikedplayingfootball,__________?A．didn’theB．didheC．didID．didn’tI(4).Ifind_____importantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday.A.itB.thisC.thatD.what (5).Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedthenicegift.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited在以下情况中that不能省略1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。Ibelieve（that）youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter．2、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.11\n初中英语语法宾语从句2、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。Ican’ttellhimthathismotherdied.4、当it作形式宾语时例句：Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim．许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。5、当宾语从句前置时Thatourteamwillwin，Ibelieve．6、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;例题解析：1.Theteacheraskedthestudents________.A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaursB.whenwasAlbertEinsteinbornC.whattheywilldowiththecomputersD.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted　解析：宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序，答案B首先删去，主句一般过去式，从句要用于过去有关的时态，删去答案C和D,答案A中的if意为如果.应选A2.Couldyoutellme_______?A.whatthematteriswithyouB.whatwasthematterwithyouC.what'sthematterwithyouD.what'sthewrongwithyou.解析：what就是从句的主语，what'sthematterwithyou本身就是陈述语序，因此删掉A;主句可看作是委婉的请求，并是一般过去式，可删去答案B;wrong前不用加the,因此此题选C.3.Heaskedme_______Icouldsingthesong"MyHeartwillGoOn."A.ifB.weatherC.whatD.that解析：此句应选含有疑问意思的关系代词，故删去D；weather意为天气，根据句意应选A.4.Ourteachertoldusthatthemoon_________roundtheearth.A.wentB.turnedC.goD.turns解析：从句是一个客观真理，因此从句的时态不受主句影响。应选D5.Itmakesnodifference__________.A.whetherwillyoucometomorrow　B.Whetherornotwillbepasstheexam11\n初中英语语法宾语从句C.IfhewillcometothemeetingornotD.Whetherhewillcometothemeetingornot解析：答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉,if不能与not连用。因此此题选D6.Theydon'tknow_______theirparentsare.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which解析：what表示职业，因此选B.7.Iamsure_______yousaidistrue.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who解析：根据句意应用what,做said的内容，你所说的话。应选A.8.Theoldmantoldus_______and________.A.todowhat,todohowB.whattodoit,howtodoitC.whattodo,howtodoitD.whattodo,howtodo解析：疑问词what即连接不定式，又做do的宾语；而在how引导的不定式短语中，how表示方式，do为及物动词，因此需接宾语才正确　应选C练习与巩固：1.---DoyouknowwhentheWorldCup________nextweek?---NextFriday.Whenit________,Iwillringyou.A.begins,beginsB.begins,willbeginC.willbegin,willbeginD.willbegin,begins2.---Todayortomorrow?---Whatareyoutalkingabout?---Wearetalkingabout_______togiveatalkonWTO.A.howB.whereC.whenD.what3.Iwonder_________.A.wheredoesheliveB.whereheliveC.heliveswhereD.wherehelives4.---Areyousureyouhaveto?It'sbeenverylate.---Idon'tknow_____Icandoitifnotnow.A.whereB.whyC.whenD.how11\n初中英语语法宾语从句5.---Wouldyoupleasetellme_________?---InasmallvillagenearNingbo.A.wherewasyourmotherbornB.whereyourmotherwasbornC.whenwasyourmotherbornD.whenyourmotherwasborn6.Thephotographwillshowyou________.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike7.---Canyouguessifthey_______toplaybasketballwithus?---Ithinkthey'llcomeifthey_________free.A.willcome,willbeB.willcome,areC.come,areD.come,willbe8.---Wheredoeshecomefrom?---Pardon?---Iaskedwhere_________.A.didhecomefromB.hecamefromC.hecomesfromD.doeshecomefrom9.Shewondered__________.A.howmuchhecostthecomputerB.howmuchhepaidforthecomputerC.howmuchthecomputerwillcosthimD.howmuchdidhespendonthecomputer10.---Doyouknow________?---I'mnotsure.Maybeheisabusinessman.A.whoheisB.whoisheC.whathedoesD.whatdoeshedo宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?直接引语与间接引语引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连词与主句联接。直接引语变间接引语：1、变人称（动词的变化可根据实际情况，可用say,tell,ask,beg等）11\n初中英语语法宾语从句①如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句的人称变化。Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogoshoppingwithme.”Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogoshoppingwithher.②如果从句中的主语或宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。HesaidtoKate,“Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedtoKatehowhersisterwasthen.Hesaid,“Youaretooclever.”HesaidtomeIwastooclever.Hesaidhewastooclever.Heasked,“Isyourfatherolderthanyourmother?”Heaskedmeifmyfatherisolderthanmymother.③如果从句中的主语或宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。Mr.Smithsaid,“Jack(he)isagoodstudent.”→Mr.SmithsaidJack(he)wasagoodboy.2、变时态主句时态为一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时态要做相应的变化：一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则如下：　　　直接引语　　　　　　　　　　　　　间接引语　　　today　　　　　　　　　　　　　　thatday　　　now　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　then,atthatmoment　　　yesterday　　　　　　　　　　　　thedaybefore　　　thedaybeforeyesterday　　　　twodaysbefore　　　tomorrow　　　　　　　　　　thenextday/thefollowingday　　　thedayaftertomorrow　　　　　twodaysafter,/intwodays　　　nextweek/monthetc　　　　　　　thenextweek/monthetc　　　lastweek/monthetc　　　　　　　theweek/monthetc.before　　　here　　　　　　　　　　　　　　there　　　this　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that　　　these　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　those　　　come　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　go　　　bring　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　take11\n初中英语语法宾语从句以下情况时态不变主句时态为各种现在时或一般将来时Hesays,“Icleanedtheroom.”→Hesayshecleanedtheroom.直接引语是客观真理Theteachersaid,“Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”→Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.直接引语中的情态动词没有过去式或已为过去式Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”→ThedoctorsaidIshouldbetterstayinbedfor2days.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语Jacksaid,“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”→JacksaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.⑤直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变成间接引语时态不变。Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning.”→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.3、变状语时间状语变化：now变为then；yesterday变为thedaybefore;today变为thatday.Hesaid,“Iwanttogoswimmingnow.”→Hesaidhewantedtogoswimmingthen.地点状语变化(尤其表示方向性的)：here变为thereHesaid,“Youshouldcomehereat7:00.”→HesaidIshouldgothereat7:00.指示代词变化：this变为thatHesaid,“Thisbookismine.”→Hesaidthatbookwashis.4、变句型①陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句。Hesaid,“I’mveryglad.”→Hesaidthathewasveryglad.一般疑问句变为以if(whether)引导的宾语从句。Hesaid,“Canyoucomethisafternoon,John?”→Heaskedif(whether)Johncouldcomethatafternoon.特殊疑问句变为由who,what,when等疑问句引导的宾语从句。Hesaid,“WhereisMr.Wang?”→HesaidwhereMr.Wangwas.直接引语是祈使句变为tell（ask,order,beg等）sb.(not)todosth.句型“Openthedoor,please,”saidshe.(Marysaid)→Sheaskedhim(me)toopenthedoor.直接引语是let’s开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词或从句Hesaid,“Let’sgotoseethemovies.”→Hesuggestedgoingtoseethemovies.11\n初中英语语法宾语从句→Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethemovies.一、单项选择1.Doyouknow_______duringthecomingsummerholiday?A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid2.Iwanttoknow_________.A.whatishisnameB.what’shisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis3.Doyouknow________Icouldpasstheexam?A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which4.Jimdoesn’tunderstand____________.A.whichisthewaytothemuseumB.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshoppingC.whatisthewaytothemuseumD.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping5.---Couldyoutellme______sheislookingfor?A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which6.Mr.Kingdidn’tknow_______yesterdayevening.A.whendoeshissoncomehomeB.whenhissoncomeshomeC.whendidhissoncomehomeD.whenhissoncamehome7.Couldyoutellme_______thebikethismorning?A.howdoeshemendB.howhemendsC.howhemendedD.howdidhemend8.---I’mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknow________itwillarrive?---Usuallyitcomesby4:00.A.howB.whereC.whenD.what9.---Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme________?---Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.It’snexttoahospital.A.howwecangettothepostofficeB.howcanwegettothepostofficeC.howgettothepostofficeD.howcouldwegettothepostoffice10.---CanIhelpyou?---Yes.I’dlikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoutellme______taketogetthere?A.howsoonwillitB.howsoonitwillC.howlongitwillD.howlongwillit11.Hewantedtoknow___________.A.whetherhespeaksatthemeetingB.whenthemeetingwouldstartC.whathe’sgoingtodoatthemeetingD.wherewouldthemeetingbeheld12.---Couldyoutellme_________theBambooGarden?11\n初中英语语法宾语从句---Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.A.whenwillyouvisitB.whenyouwillvisitC.whenwouldyouvisitD.whenyouwouldvisit13.Wouldyoupleasetellme_________next,Mr.Wang?A.whatshouldwedoB.weshoulddowhatC.whatweshoulddoD.shouldwedowhat14.Youcan’timagine_________whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited15.Iwanttoknow________youwillcomebackat8:00tomorrow.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.whether16.---Couldyoutellme____________?---Sorry,Idon’tknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting.A.whatdoeshesayatthemeetingB.whatdidhesayatthemeetingC.whathesaysatthemeetingD.whathesaidatthemeeting17.---Couldyoutellme_________lastnight?---Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome.A.whatyouweredoingB.whatwereyoudoingC.whatyouaredoingD.whatareyoudoing18.Theteacheraskedthestudents__________.A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaursB.whenwasAlbertEinsteinbornC.whattheywilldowiththecomputersD.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted19.Everymorningthepatientsareaskedif________theirtemperaturetaken.A.theyhadhadB.havetheyhadC.theyhavehadD.hadtheyhad20.It’suptoyoutodecide_______you’llgothere,byairorbyroad.A.howB.whyC.thatD.when二.根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子1.李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。LiMingsays____________________interestedinplayingcomputergames.2.我认为玛丽不回来了。Idon’tthinkMary__________________.3.山姆给我说他准备去上海。Samtoldmethathe____________________forShanghai.4.请你告诉我去钟楼怎么走吗？Couldyoutellme__________IcangettotheBellTower?6.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。Iwanttoknow____________thereisatraintoBeijing.11\n初中英语语法宾语从句7.你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？Doyouknow___________________adoubleroom?8.请你告诉我我们外出多长时间好吗？Couldyoutellme____________we’regoingtobeaway?9.叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。Unclesaidthathe___________________anewnovel.10.杰克说他有重要事情要做。Jacksaidhe__________somethingimportanttodo.11