初中定语从句讲解及练习 6页

学习必备欢迎下载中学定语从句讲解及练习一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；如：1〕Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2〕YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面；*引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who〔宾格whom,全部格whose〕和关系副词where,when、why*关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句*1.who指人，在从句中做主语〔1〕TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.〔2〕YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.*2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略；(1)Mr.Liuistheperson〔whom〕youtalkedabout.留意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略；(2)Theman〔who/whom〕youmetjustnowismyfriend.*3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.〔which在句子中做主语〕(2)Thisisthepen〔which〕heboughtyesterday.〔which在句子中做宾语〕*4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略；(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.〔在句子中做主语〕(2)Whereistheman（that/whom）Isawthismorning.〔在句子中做宾语〕*5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.〔4〕Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow.=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow.*具体使用时仍要留意以下问题：1、只能使用that,不用which的情形：*1）当先行词是：all,any,anything,everything,nothing或被它们修饰时；IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou.有什么可以为你做的吗？Allthatcanbedonemustbedone.凡是能做的都必需做；\n学习必备欢迎下载*2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时；例如：Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.那是这家书店出售的最好玩的书之一；Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的；*3）当先行词有：theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时；例如：Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthat'smissing.我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西；*4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that,不用which或who，以防止重复；例如：Whoisthegirlthatiswearingaredcoat.正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？*5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that；例如：Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说的确很著名；2、只用which不用that的情形：*1〕关系代词前有介词时；e.g.ThisistheroominwhichLuXunlived.*2〕非限定性定语从句中；作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略；e.g.Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.Hehasadaughter,whoworksinahospital.*3〕先行词本身是that时；e.g.Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立；CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师；（非限〕Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou这里有人要和你说话〔限制性〕*4〕which仍有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念；在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情形下意思是与andthis相像，并可以指人；Hedidverywellinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.*关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.\n学习必备欢迎下载*像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开；例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.三、关系副词引导的定语从句*1、when：当主句中的先行词〔即主句中被后面定语从句修饰的词〕是表示时间意义的名词时，它只能作定语从句的时间状语，放在定语从句句首；假如定语从句的引导词是作该定语从句的主语或宾语，就要改用关系代词that或which来引导；例如：I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.Thedayswhenweusedforeignoilaregone.我们用洋油的日子一去不复返了；I'llneverforgetthedaywhenIwasborn.〔=I'llneverforgetmybirthday.〕我永久不会遗忘我产生的日子；IthappenedinNovemberwhentheweatherwaswetandcold.这事发生在天气又湿又冷的十一月；Theday〔that〕Ialwaysrememberinallmylifeismybirthday.我一生中最难忘的日子是我的生日；〔that作定语从句"thatIalwaysrememberinallmylife"的宾语，that可以省略〕*2、where：当主句中的先行词是表示地点意义的名词时，它只能作其所在的定语从句的地点状语，放在定语从句的句首；假如定语从句的引导词作该定语从句的主语或宾语时，也要改用关系代词that或which来引导；例如：ThefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecityThisistheroomwhere〔＝inwhich〕Ilivedlastyear.这就是我去年住过的房间；Isthistheclassroomwhere〔=inwhich〕theoldworkerisgoingtomake/giveusareport.这就是那位老工人要给我们做报告的教室吗？Let'slookforaplacewherewecanswim.咱们找一个可以游泳的地方吧；Thebuildingthatisbeingbuiltovertherewillbeanewhospital.正在那边建的楼房将是一家新医院；〔引导词that作定语从句"thatisbeingbuiltoverthere"的主语〕Thatisthefactory〔that〕theyvisitedlastmonth.那就是他们上个月参观过的工厂；〔引导词that作定语从句"〔that〕theyvisitedlastmonth"的宾语，that可以省略〕*留意：不要以为在时间名词后就确定用关系副词when，在地点名词后就确定用关系副词where，在表示缘由的thereason后就确定用关系副词why；到底选用关系副词仍是关系代词，关键是看它们在从句中是用作状语〔用关系副词〕仍是用作主语或宾语〔用关系代词〕；如：Don’tforgetthetime〔that〕I’vetoldyou.不要遗忘我告知你的时间；〔that用作told的宾语〕\n学习必备欢迎下载I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedwithyou.我永久不会遗忘我与你共事的日子；〔when用作状语〕Heworksinafactorythat/whichmakesradioparts.他在一家制造无线电零件的工厂工作；〔that/which在从句中用作主语，且不能省略〕Heworksinthefactorywherehisfatherworked.他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作；〔where作状语〕That’sthereason〔that/which〕heexplainedtous.那就是他向我们说明的理由；〔that或which在从句中用作explained的宾语〕That’sthereasonwhyshelefthome.那就是她离家出走的缘由；〔why在从句中作状语〕*英语中的关系副词主要是when,where,why三个，不要想当然地将how用作关系副词修饰theway；如不说Thisisthewayhowhespoke，可改为Thisishowhespoke〔how引导的是表语从句〕，当然也可说成Thisistheway〔that/inwhich〕hespoke.〔其中的that/inwhich可省略〕*另外，when和where可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，而why就只用于引导限制性定语从句，不用于引导非限制性定语从句；Sundayisaholiday,whenpeopledonotgotowork.星期天是假日，（这天）人们不上班；Hetookusintotheclassroom,wheretherewereonlyafewstudents.他把我们带进教室，那儿只有少数几个同学；*在定语从句的使用中，oneof后面的名词是复数，这个复数名词制约后面的定语从句的谓语动词，用复数；而在oneof前面有the或theonly时，后面引导的定语从句中的谓语动词就用单数形式；Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoiselected.Jasperisoneofthosepeoplewhoknowabouttheaccident.定语从句练习一、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.Thisisthemanwantstoseeyou.2.ThestudentansweredthequestionisZhangHua.3.Themanyouwenttoseehascome.4.ThemanImetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5.Thewomanyousawisourgeographyteacher.6.Therunneryouareaskingaboutisoverthere.7.ThepersonyoushouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8.Themanwaspassingbysawwhathappened.9.Hereisthepenyoulostthedaybeforeyesterday.10.Thesebooksyoulentmewereveryuseful.11.ThestorybookIhavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.12.Aclockisamachinetellspeoplethetime.13.ThisisshirtIboughtyesterday.14.Adictionaryisabookgivesthemeaningtotheword.\n学习必备欢迎下载15.Thebookisonthetableismine.16.Thefilmtheyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.17.Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces18.IsthereanyonefamilyisinBeijing.Ihaveevervisited.19.Showmetheboymotherisawell-knownsinger.20.TheboyfatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.二、单项选择〔〕1.YourteacherofChineseisayoungladycomesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose〔〕2.What’sthenameoftheprogram.A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningtoC.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening〔〕3.Thestudentswereallinterestedyoutoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything〔〕4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisofficewasinvited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which〔〕5.Thisisthemuseumwevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat〔〕6.Charlietoldhismotherallhadhappened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who〔〕7.Doyouknowthestudent.A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk〔〕8.Ilikethehousewindowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.who’sC.it'sD.its〔〕9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary.A.whatIneedB.IneedC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit〔〕10.TheyoungwomanIspokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that（）11、Isthisthefactoryyouvisitedtheotherday.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone（）12、IsthisfactorysomeforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone（）13、Isthisthefactoryheworkedtenyearsago.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone（）14、Mr.HerpinisoneoftheforeignexpertswhoinChina.A.worksB.isworkingC.areworkingC.hasbeenworking（）15、Thosenotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn（）16、We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianistwereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that\n学习必备欢迎下载（）17、Hefailedintheexamination,madehisfatherveryangry.A.whichB.itC.thatD.what〔〕18.YourteacherofChineseisayoungladycomesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose〔〕19Ilikethehousewindowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.who’sC.it'sD.its〔〕20Hewastheonlypersoninhisofficewasinvited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which〔〕21.Thisisthemuseumwevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat〔〕22.Charlietoldhismotherallhadhappened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who（）23.—WhereistheSchoolEnglishSpeechContestgoingtobeheldtonight.—I’mnotsure.Isitinthehallcanhold300people.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.when（）24.—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike.—Ilikemoviesscarymonsters.A.whichhasB.thathaveC.whathasD.whyhave（）25.DoyouknowthemanistalkingtoMissWu.A.heB.whomC.whoD.which（）26.—Whichisyournewneighbor,LiuHua.—ThemanT-shirtisred.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whose