初中宾语从句及练习 5页

宾语从句专题口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；that不作任何成分，没有任何意义If\whether是否不作任何成分，有是否的意义连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which哪一个,whoever,whatever做主语，宾语，宾语，定语等，有意义连接副词where,when,how,why做状语，有意义主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。一、基本讲解 1　概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg,Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(动词宾语) 　HeaskshimhowlongMikehasbeendown.(动词宾语) 　MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介词宾语) 2.连接词 (1).陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。 e.g,Shetoldme(that)shewouldliketogowithus. (2)以whether或if引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序eg,Iwonderif/whetheryouhavetoldthenewtoLiLei. 　　注意：一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外。 　　a.当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether不用if 　　eg,Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepinic. 　　b.引导词与动词不定式或not连用时，只用whether. 　　eg,Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext. 　　Couldyoutellmewhetheryougoornot? 　　c.if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether. (3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。 E.g.Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematter\wrongwithyou? 特殊情况：：当doyouthink后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词＋doyouthink＋陈述句语序。 3.宾语从句时态 a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如： Doyouknow（if/whetherhehasseenthefilm）? b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如： Ididn'tknow（if/whetherhehadseenthefilm.） 注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：Hesaid（thattheearthmovesroundthesun.） Theteachertoldus（thatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.）　 4.、人称的变化和标点的使用 a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：\n“MayIuseyourknife？”Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife. “Doyouknowhertelephonenumber？”Heaskedme. →HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber. b.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如： Whowillgiveusatalk?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk. Doyouknow？Wheredoeshelive?→Doyouknowwherehelives? 二、宾语从句的转化 1.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如： Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths. →Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths. 2.当主句的谓语动词是know,learn,forget,remember,decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”。例如： Idon'tknowwhichsweaterIshouldbuy.→Idon'tknowwhichsweatertobuy. 3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell,show,teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：→Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepark? 4.当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如： Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground. →Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground. 宾语从句专项习题 1.Haveyoudecided________forAustralia? A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleaveC.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave 2.Canyoutellme_________? A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlived C.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives 3.Theoldmanaskedme________. A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinema C.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema 4.Ithink_______youwilllikehim.A.thatB.ifC.whyD.how 5.Ididn’tknow_______hewillcomeornot.A.thatB.whetherC.weatherD.how 6.Iwonder_________. A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescost C.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost 7.Sheaskedme_________.A.whohewasB.whowasheC.whoisheD.whoheis 8.Askhim___. A.whosecupthisisB.whosecupisthis C.thisiswhosecupD.whoseisthiscup 9.Idon’tknow_________. A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovie C.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts 10.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong________. A.wasIillB.haveIbeenillC.IhavebeenillD.Ihadbeenill 11.Theweatherforecastdoesn’tsay_________. A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrow \nC.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow 12.Doyouknow_________? A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisis C.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto 13.Couldyoutellmewhere_________? A.thetapewasB.wasthetapeC.thetapeisD.isthetape14.Theywanttoknow_________? A.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyou C.whenthetrainwillleaveD.whyistheboycrying 15.Tonywantedtoknow_________. A.whathadFatherChristmasputinhisstocking B.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking C.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking D.whereFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking 16.Nooneknows___theprofessorwillcometoourschooltomorrowtogiveusatalkornot. A.whenB.whetherC.whereD.if 17.Julydidn’tknow_________. A.whereisTim’sfatherB.whenwasthefirstwatchmade C.whotheoldmanisD.whatwaswrongwithherwatch 18.Noonetoldus_________,soweneedyourhelp. A.howshouldwedoB.whatweshoulddoC.whattodoD.whatshouldwedo 19.Wedon’tknow_________withtherubbishanditpollutesoutlandandsea. howdoitB.howtodo C.whatdoitD.whattodo 20.Heaskedme_________. A.whetherIfindoutthesenderofthemoney B.whetherdidIfindoutthesenderofthemoney C.whetherthesenderofthemoneyfoundout D.whetherIfoundoutthesenderofthemoney 21.Didyouhear______?A.whatdidIsayB.whatIsaidC.IsaidwhatD.whatIsay 22.Canyoutellme________? A.whichclassyouareinB.whichclassareyouin C.youareinwhichclassD.areyouinwhichclass 23.---Excuseme.Couldyoutellme_______?---Certainly. A.whencanIgettothestationB.Icangettowhichstation C.whichstationcanIgettoD.howIcangettothestation 24.Couldyoutellmewhere_______yesterday? A.didyougoB.yougoC.youhavegoneD.youwent 25.Tomaskedme________. A.whoseshirtwasthisB.whoseshirtthiswas C.whoshirtwasthisD.whoshirtthiswas26.Excuseme,couldyoutellme_______? A.where’stheteachers’officeB.where’sthebusstation C.what’sshedoingD.wherethepostofficeis 27.IwanttoseeMrs.Wang,butIdon’tknow_______. A.sheliveswhereB.shewherelivesC.whereshelives D.wheredoesshelive 28.---GoandaskMr.Whiteforhelp.---ButIdon’tknow_______. A.wheredoesheliveB.wherehelives \nC.whereishelivingD.helivesthere29.---Canyoutellme______?---Yes,helivesinasmalltown. wherehelivesB.whoissinging C.whenhewillleaveD.whathesaid 30.Haveyoudecided______forLondon? A.whenwillyouleaveB.whenyouwillleave C.whenareyougoingD.whenyouaregoing能力提高练习 1.Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyou． A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If 2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow. A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecome C.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome 3.Couldyoutellme____thenearesthospitalis? A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where 4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp? howdidhemendB.whatdidhemend C.howhemendedD.whathemended 5.Iwanttoknow_________. A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislooking C.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter 6.Doyouknowwhere_________now? A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive7.Doyouknowwhattime_________? AthetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleave C.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves 8.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please? A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare 9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________. A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockings C.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings 10.Ican'tunderstand_____. A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmean C.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans 11.Idon’tknow_____hewillbebackhome. A.who　B.what　C.when　D.where 12.Couldyoutellme___________? A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingfor C.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein 13.Doyoustillremember_______? thathesaid　B.whathesaid　 C.didhesaythat　D.whatdidhesay 14.Ican’tunderstand______theboyalone. A.whysheleft　B.whydidsheleave　 C.whyshehadleft　D.whyhadsheleft 15.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast. A.rise　B.rose　C.rises　D.hadrisen 16.Theytriedtofindout______thenewtrain\n________. howfar/hadgone　B.howlong/hasgone C.howfar/went　D.howfar/hadrun 17.Themanagercameuptosee__________. whatwasthematter　B.whatthematterwas C.whatthematterisD.what’sthematter 18.Canyoutellme___________? whatareyoudoingB.wheredoyoustudy C.whatyouweredoingD.whattodoit 19.Heaskedhisfather_______. whereithappensB.wheredidithappen C.howithappenedD.howdidithappen 20.Noonetellsus______，soweneedyourhelp. howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedo C.howtodoitD.whattodoit