初中动词练习题 11页

动词（I）重点知识归纳及讲解一、概述动词是表示动作或状态的词。句子中的谓语成分是由动词充当的，谓语通常是句中不可缺少的成分，因此动词是英语词类中最重要的一种。动词可以通过本身的变化来表示动作发生的时间以及说话人的语气、态度等。1．动词的种类动词按其词义和在句中的作用可以分为：行为动词（或称实义动词）、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。详见下表：动词分类特征例词例句行为动词vt./vi.表示动作或状态。有完整的词义。能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语、分为及物动词（带宾语）和不及物动词（不带宾语）help帮助（vt.）see看见（vt.）go去（vi.）fly飞（vi.）Heoftenhelpsme.Icanseeabirdinthetree.Planescanfly.连系动词linkv.本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语（名词性合成谓语）be是look看起来seem似乎get变得become变成，成为HeisanEnglishteacher.Theylookthesame.助动词v.aux.本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定，疑问、时态、语态、语气等。be;have;do;will;shallHedoesn'tspeakEnglish.WeareplayingbasketballDoyouhaveabrother?情态动词modv.本身有一定词义，但不完整。不能独立作谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的态度can;many;must;need;dare;will;would;shall;shouldShecanspeakalittleEnglish.MayIcomein?Wemustgonow.注意：1）行为动词又可分为及物动词（vt.）和不及物动词（vi.）两种。及物动词作谓语，后面必须跟宾语意思才完整。不及物动词作谓语，后面不能跟宾语，只有加上介词后才可接宾语。2）英语中有些动词常常是既作及物动词又作不及物动词；既作连系动词工作及物动词。例如：HespeaksEnglishverywell.(vt.)他英语讲得好。Hespokeatthemeeting.（vi.）另外，动词按其在句中能否作谓语，又可分为谓语动词（finiteverb）和非谓语动词（non-finiteverb）两大类。说明：谓语动词又称限定动词，非谓语动词又称非限定动词。非谓语动词初中阶段主要学习动词不定式的用法。2．动词的基本形式英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、过去式、过去分词、现在分词和第三人称单数形式。如：work—worked—worked—working—works。它们的构成及形式详见下表。形式构成例词\n动词原形不带to的动词不定式形式（也就是词典中一般给予的形式）be,have,do,come过去式与过去分词（规则变化）1．在动词原形后加-ed2．以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先将y变为i再加-ed3．以重读闭音节一个辅音字母结尾的动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母再加-edwork→workedcarry→carriedstop→stopped现在分词1．在动词原形后加-ing2．以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ing3．以重读闭音节一个辅音字母结尾的动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母再加-ing4．少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y，再加-ingread→readingwrite→writingswim→swimmingdie→dying第三人称单数形式1．在动词原形后加-s2．以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾的动词后加-es3．以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先将y变为i，再加-es4．以元音字母+y结尾的动词后加-srun→runsteach→teacheswash→washesgo→goespass→passestry→triesstay→stays说明：1）词尾-ed在清辅音后读[t]；在浊辅音和元音后读[d]；在[t]和[d]后读[id]。2）词尾-es或-s在[s]、[z]、[t]、[d]后面读[iz]；在清辅音后读[s]；在浊辅音及元音后读[z]；在[t]，[d]后读[ts]、[dz]。3）不规则动词的过去式与过去分词则要根据不规则动词表逐渐记住。二、动词的时态在英语中，由于谓语动作发生的时间不同，或表达不同时间存在的状态，谓语动词都要发生相应的变化。这些动词的变化形式就叫做动词的时态。初中阶段主要学习，掌握以下八种时态。1．一般现在时1）构成动词一般现在时，除主语为单数第三人称以外，谓语动词一律用原形，若主语为第三人称单数，则谓语动词的词尾应发生变化（加-s或-es）。另外be和have有特殊的人称变化形式。详见下表：动词tobe动词tohaveIamastudentYouareastudentHe(She)isastudent.We(You,They)arestudentsIhaveapen.Youhaveapen.He(She)hasapen.We(You,They)havepens.2）用法a．表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有：often,usually,always,everyday等。IgotoschooleverydayexceptSunday.除了星期日，我每天上学。Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.我们班上有五十个学生。b．表示主语的身份或特征。Hisfatherisadoctor.他的父亲是医生。Tomistall.汤姆个子高。\nc．表示一种客观事实或普遍真理Theearthisround.地球是圆的.Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.太阳比月亮大。d．在条件状态从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。Ifyoudon'tgosoon,you'llbelate.如果你不快去的话，你就要迟到了。Iwillwaitforyouuntilyoucomeback.我将一直等到你回来。2．一般过去时1）构成一般过去时其谓语动词使用动词过去式形式。肯定式否定式疑问式一般动词I(You,He,She,We,They)workedthere.I(You,He,She,We,They)didnotworkthere.Didyou(I,he,she,we,they)workthere?be动词I(He,She,It)wasthere.We(You,They)werethereI(He,She,It)wasnotthere.We(You,They)werenotthere.WasI(he,she,it)there?Wereyou(we,they)there?have动词I(You,He,She,We,They)hadbooks.I(You,He,She,We,They)hadnot/didn'thaveanybooksHadI(you,he,she,we,they)anybooks?或DidI(you,he⋯)haveanybooks?2）用法a．表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,justnow,uponatime,in1989,intheolddays,whenIwasatmiddleschool等。HeleftforBeijingyesterdaymorning.他昨天上午到北京去了。Shewasn'tathomelastnight.她昨晚上在家。Didyoufinishyourworkatfouryesterdayafternoon?你昨天下午四点完成工作了吗？b．表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。Igotupveryearlyatthattime.我那时总是起得很早。Maryalwaysgotuptoolateandneverhadenoughtimeforbreakfastwhenshewasatmiddleschool.玛丽上中学时总是起得很晚，从来都没有足够时间吃早饭。3．一般将来时1）构成动词一般将来时由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成。shall用于第一人称作主语，will用于第二、三人称作主语。除英国以外的说英语的国家，在陈述句中，即使在第一人称作主语时一般也使用助动词will，在英国现在也有这种趋势。在口语中，shall，will常缩写成I‘llYou'll,We'll等。在否定句中，willnot缩写成won'tshallnot缩写成shan't。肯定式否定式疑问式I(We)shall/willgothereI(We)shall/willnotgothereShallI(we)gothere?You(He,She,They)willgothereYou(He,She,They)willnotgothereWillyou(he,she,they)gothere?2）用法\na．表示将要发生的动作行为或存在的状态。常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow,nexttime,nextyear,inafewdays等。I'llgoandseehernextFriday.我下周五去看她。Hewon'tgotheretomorrowmorning.他明天上午不到那儿去。Willyoudoitagain?你再做一遍好吗？b．有时没有时间状语，根据上下文判断其谓语动作是将要发生的。Idon'tknowwhowilldoit.我不知道谁将做这件事。Don'tworry,hewillbethereontime.别着急，他会准时在那儿。c．表示将来经常发生的动作。FromnowonI'llgetupearlyeverymorning.从今以后，我每天早晨早起。注意：1）表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，除了用上述的一般将来时外，还可以用begoingto来表示。begoingto这个结构表示：a．即将发生的动作；b．主语打算或准备要做的事；c．说话人根据已有的迹象判断即将发生的事。begoingto结构中的be随着句子中主语的人称而变化。例如：WearegoingtolearnEnglish.我们将学习英语。Howareyougoingtospendyourholidays?你们打算怎样度过假期？Lookattheseblackclouds.Ithinkit'sgoingtorain.看这些黑云，我想天要下雨了。2）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，一般将来时要用一般现在时代替。例如：Hewillcometoseeyouwhenhehastime.他有空时会来看你的。Theywillringyouupassoonastheygetback.他们一回来就打电话给你。4．现在进行时1）构成现在进行时由助动词be的人称形式加动词的现在分词构成。它的肯定式，否定式及疑问式的结构如下：肯定式否定式疑问式Iamworkingnow.Iamnotworkingnow.AmIworkingnow?Youareworkingnow.He(She)isworkingnow.We(You,They)areworkingnow.Youarenotworkingnow.He(She)isnotworkingnow.We(You,They)arenotworkingnow.Areyouworkingnow?Is(he,she)workingnow?Areyou(we,they)workingnow?2）用法a．现在进行时表示说话时谓语的动作正在进行。Whoareyouwaitingfor?\n你在等谁？Heknowsthatwearehelpinghimnow.他知道我们现在正在帮助他。b．在现阶段正在进行的动作，但不一定说话时动作正在进行。Thestudentsareworkingonthefarmtheredays.这些天学生们正在农场劳动。c．有些动词的进行时态还可用来表示将来时。这类动词有go,come,leave,arrive,move,die等。Heiscomingsoon.他不久就要来了。Maryisarrivinghereat4o/clockthisafternoon.玛丽今天下午四点到达这里。注意：1）表示状态或感觉的动词，如：know,love,like,want,hear,see,think等，一般没有进行时态，因为它们不能表示正在进行的动作。但是，如果词义发生变化，能表示一个正在进行的动作，也可使用进行时态。例如：Stop,Iamthinking.停下来，我正在想问题呢。2）无法延续动作的动词，如：jump,begin,start,stop等一般不宜用于进行时态。但是，若想表示动作反复或即将发生，也可使用进行时态。例如：Heisjumpingupanddown.他一下一下地跳个不停。5．现在完成时1）构成现在完成时由have的人称形式加动词的过去分词构成。它的肯定式、否定式及疑问式如下：肯定式否定式疑问式I(We,You,They)havedoneit.He(She)hasdoneit.I(We,You,They)havenotdoneit.He(She)hasnotdoneit.Haveyou(they,I,we)doneit?Hashe(she)doneit?2）用法a．表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在仍有影响。Shehasbeenillforthreedays.她病了三天了。Hehasalreadyleft.他已经走了。b．表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。We'veknowneachothersincewewerechildren.我们从小就认识。注意：在用already,always,yet,just,ever,never等副词作状语时，或者由for,since引起的短语作状语或状语从句时，句子的谓语动词常用现在完成时。区别：1）have(has)beento与have(has)gonetohave(has)beento+某地，表示到过某地，说明去过某地，说话时已经回来了。have(has)goneto+某地，说明去某地了，说话时还没有回来。例如：HehasbeentoBeijingthreetimes.他去过北京三次。\nHehasgonetoShanghai.他去上海了。2）have(has)beentodosth.还可以表示做过某事。have(has)gonetodosth.则表示去做某事了。例如：HehasbeentoseeTominthehospital.他去医院看过汤姆。HehasgonetoseeTominthehospital.他到医院看汤姆去了。3）havegot虽然在形式上是现在完成时，却和have是相同的意思。例如：Haveyougotanybook?=Doyouhaveanybook?你有书吗？6．过去进行时1）构成过去进行时由be动词的过去式加动词的现在分词构成。2）用法过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或过去一段时间正在进行的动作。过去进行时常与表示过去的时间状语如：thenatthattime,once,amomentago等连用，或者用另一动作表示过去的时间。例如：Iwaswritingaletterathomeatsevenyesterdayevening.我昨晚七点在家写信。HewaswatchingTVwhenIcamehomeyesterdayevening.昨天晚上回家时，他在家看电视。7．过去完成时1）构成过去完成时由助动词had加动词的过去分词构成。2）用法过去完成时表示过去某一时间以前或过去某一动作以前已完成的动作，即过去的过去。为了更容易理解过去完成时的时间概念，使之与过去时有明显的区别，可见下面的时间示意图。例如：IhadlearnedeighthundredEnglishwordsbytheendoflastyear.（在过去某一时间之前）到去年年底之前，我已经学会了八百个英语单词。HehadfinishedhisworkbeforeIcamehere.（在过去另一动作之前）在我来这儿以前，他已经完成了工作。说明：1）在包含when,assoonas,before,after,until等连词的复合句中，若主句谓语和从句谓语所表示的过去的动作是在不同时间发生的，那么，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。例如：Itoldthemafteryouhadleft.你走后我就告诉了他们。Ihadbeenatthebusstopfortwentyminuteswhenabusfinallycame.我在公共汽车站等了二十分钟，汽车终于来了。2）如果主句动作和从句动作紧接着发生，特别是连词为after或before时，由于连词本身很清楚地表明了动作发生的先后，两个动作此时都可使用一般过去时来表示。例如：Afterwesaidgood-byetothem,weleftthevillage.在和他们告别后，我们就离开了村庄。8．过去将来时1）构成\n过去将来时由助动词should或would加动词原形构成。第一人称用should，其他人称用would。但目前在美、英等国也有第一人称用would的情况。2）用法a．过去将来时是个相对的时态，主要用于从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事情。常用在宾语从句中表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之后。Theysaidtheywouldgotovisitthesecondfactory.他们说他们将要去参观第二个工厂。TheteachertoldusthattherewouldbeaconcertthenextTuesday.老师告诉我们下周二将要有场音乐会。b．过去将来时也可由“was/weregoingto+动词原形”来表示。Shesaidshewasgoingtoseeheruncle.她说她要去看望她的叔叔。c．有些动词的过去进行时也可表示过去将来时。这一用法与某些动词的现在进行时表示一般将来时的用法相同。Ididn'thavemuchtimetotalkwithyoubecameIwasleavingforShanghaiintwohours.我没有多少时间跟你谈话了，因为再过两个小时我就要动身去上海。注意：“would+动词原形”有时并不表示过去将来时，而表示一种客气的请求。例如：Wouldyoupleaseopenthewindow?请把窗子打开好吗？三、随堂监测A组单项选择：1.Look!There_________someapplesinthattree.A.isB.wasC.areD.were2．We'llhavetocleantheplatesbeforeMother_________home.A.willcomeB.iscomingC.comeD.comes3．—Willyourmother_________youifyou_________theEnglishexam?—Ofcoursenot.BecauseIamtryingmybest.A.beangrywith;don'tpassB.beangrywith;won'tpassC.beangryto;don'tpassD.beangryto;won'tpass4．I'msorryyou'vemissedthetrain,it_________10minutesago.A.leftB.hasleftC.hadleftD.hasbeenleft5.Idon'tthinkI_________youinthatdressbefore.A.haveseenB.wasseeingC.sawD.see6._________you_________totheradio?—No,youcanturnitoff.A.Did;listenB.Have;listenedC.Do;listenD.Are;listening7.—Where'sMrLee?Ihavesomethingunusualtotellhim.—You_________findhim.He_________Japan.A.maynot;hasgonetoB.maynot;hasbeentoC.can't;hasgonetoD.can't;hasbeento8.—Iwon'tcometothepartyunlessSue_________,too.—YoumeanifSuecomesyou'llcome?A.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvited9.Theworld_________.Thingsneverstaythesame.A.changesB.ischangingC.waschangingD.willchange10.—Excuseme,doesMrSmith'ssonlivehere?—He_________livehere,buthehasmoved.\nA.hastoB.usedtoC.triedtoD.happenedto11.Thechildrenplantedmorethreesandflowersafterthey_________GreenerChina.A.joinedB.tookpartinC.becameD.were12.—Where'sMrZhang?—He_________London.A.hasbeentoB.hasbeenC.hasgoneD.hasgoneto13.—Doyouknowifhe_________toplaybasketballwithus?—Ithinkhewillcomeifhe_________freetomorrow.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe14.—MayIspeaktoMabel,please?—Sorry.She's_________Pairs.A.goneinB.beeninC.gonetoD.beento15.MypenfriendPhillip_________toseemefromAustralia.Hewillbeheresoon.A.comesB.cameC.hascomeD.iscoming16.Iwon'tgototheconcertbecauseI_________myticket.A.lostB.don'tloseC.havelostD.iscoming17.—DoyouknowJackwell?—Certainly,we_________friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havemadeC.havebecomeD.havebeen18.—WhereisJim?—He______totheshop.He'llbackinanhour.A.goesB.goC.hasgoneD.willgo19.—Excuseme,lookatthesignNOPHOTOS!—Sorry,I________it.A.don'tseeB.didn'tseeC.haven'tseenD.won'tsee20.Jim'sfathersaidtohim,"Ihopeyou________whatI________youtobuy."A.didn'tforget;toldB.nottoforget;havetoldC.won'tforget;havetoldD.haven'tforgotten;willtell21.Ilikemynewbike.It________verywell.A.ridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasridden22.Alotoftrees________alongtheriverlastyear.A.plantedB.areplantedC.wereplanted23.Thesebooks________outofthereadingroom.Youhavetoreadthemhere.A.mustbetakenB.can'ttakeC.cantakeD.mustn'tbetaken24.—WhoseCDplayeristhis?—It'smine.It________me800yuan.A.tookB.spentC.paidD.cost25.—MayI________youChinese-Englishdictionary?—Sorry,I________itathome?A.borrow;forgotB.lend;leftC.lend;forgotD.borrow;left26.Canyou________alittleFrench?A.sayB.talkC.speakD.tell27.Theinternet________iteasygogetmuchnewinformationinashorttime.A.findsB.makesC.feelsD.takes28.—DoyoulikethemusicTheMoonlightSonata?—Yes,it________reallybeautiful.A.feelsB.soundsC.listensD.hears29.Alice,wearegoingtospendourholidayinCanada，ifyou________,wecangotoChinainstead.A.hopeB.wishC.preferD.agree30.—Hello!Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithmetonight?—I'msorryIcan'tMotherwon't________metogooutintheevening.A.letB.allowC.offerD.ask31.It'stoodarkhere.Please________thelight.A.turnbackB.turndownC.turnonD.turnoff32.Afterfinishingyourpaper,lookitoverto________therearenomistakes.A.findoutB.tryoutC.makesureD.thinkabout33.Thebabyissleeping.Please________theradioalittle.\nA.turndownB.turnupC.turnonD.turnoff34.—Look!Thebusiscoming.—Buttherearetoomanypeople.Wecan't________it.A.getoffB.getdownC.getonD.getup35.Don't________yourcoat,Tom!It'seasytocatchacoldinspring.A.takeawayB.takeoffC.takedownD.takeout36.Thetreesmust________threetimesaweek.A.waterB.iswateringC.bewateredD.waters四、随堂监测B组II．用所给词的适当形式填空：1They________(visit)themuseumlastweek.2.ZhangHong________(make)manyfriendssinceshecametoParis.3.She________(go)tothecinemawithherclassmatestomorrowevening.4.Johnisalwaysbusy.He________(sleep)onlysixhoursverynight.5.Stayhere;boy;don'tgoout.It________(rain)now.6.Sheoften________(do)herlessonsaftersupper.7.Hurryup!Thetrain________(leave)infiveminutes.8.They________(arrive)inLondononthenightofApril30,1989.9.Whilewe________(talk)intheroom,thelightsuddenlywentout10.They________(learn)about200Englishwordssincethisterm.11.Themeeting________already________(start)whenwegotthere.12.He________(work)hardatEnglisheveryday.13.Putonyourcoat.Thewind________(blow)hardoutsidenow.14.I________(notfinish)myhomeworkyet.15.He________(mustsend)tothehospitalatonce.16.Bytheendoflastyearwe________(plant)1,500trees.17.She________(play)thepianowhenIwenttoseeherlastnight.18.I'lltellhimabouti8tassoonasI________(see)him.19.Sheisn'tathome,she________(go)toShanghai.20.________you________(get)upearlyeverymorningthisyear?21.Thefilm________(be)onforfiveminuteswhenIgottothecinema.22.Hesaidthatlight________(ravel)muchfasterthansound.23.HowmanyChinesewords________Mike________(learn)sincehegottoBeijing?24.Theearth________(move)aroundthesun.25.Theteachersaidhe________(give)usatalkonhistorysoon.26.Allthestudents________(plant)treestomorrow.27.Please________(notshout)here,thebabyissleeping.28.Weweresurethathe________(canwork)outtheproblem.29.Thesingersaidshe________(notsing)twiceinoneevening.30.Wearesurehewillcometoseeusbeforehe________(leave)Tianjin.31.Look!TheYongPioneers________(pant)treesonthehill.32.MrWang________(notgive)usatalklastMonday.33.They________(play)basketballthistimeyesterday.34.Hesaidthatthey________(clean)theclassroomthenextday.35.Weoften________(have)anEnglishpartyonSaturdayevenings.36.He________(joint)thearmyafewyearsago.\n37.I'lltellhimthenewsassoonashe________(come)back.38.Tomalways________(think)muchofothers,butlittleofhimself.39.MrBlack,togetherwithhisstudents,________(visit)theScienceMuseumnow.40.There________(be)aLeaguemeetingthedayaftertomorrow.41.Mybrother________(be)awayformhomeforthreeyears.42.WhenBlackgottotheclassroom,thefirstclass________(begin).43.Idon'tknowifhe________(come).Ifhe________(come),pleaseletmeknow.44.Tomsaid,"Thispairoftrousers________(be)mine!"45.Thestory________(take)placein1985.46.—Whereisyouruncle?—He________(go)tothebank.47.Iusually________(do)myhomeworkintheevening.48.Ifit________(notrain)tomorrow,theLeaguemembersofclass________(plant)treesaroundthelake?49.I________(finish)myhomeworkbyhalfpasteightlastnight.50.—What'sinthelake?—Someboys________(swim)inthelake.51.TheUSA________(attack)Iraq(伊拉克)inMarch,2003.52.MybrotherlikesEnglishverymuch,andhe________(practice)readingeverymorning.\n