- 99.19 KB
- 2022-08-27 发布
- 1、本文档由用户上传,淘文库整理发布,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,请立即联系网站客服。
- 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
- 网站客服QQ:403074932
不定代词一、不定代词概说不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的彳、定彳弋词有all,each,both,either,neither,one,none,little,few,many,much,other,another,some,any,no,(a)few,(a)little,both,enough,every等,以及由some,any,no和every构成的合成代词(即somebody,someone,something等)。二、指两者和三者的不定代词有些不定代词用于指两者(女nboth,either,neither)有的不定代词用于指三者(如all,any,none,every)Bothofmyparentsaredoctors.我的父母都是医生。Allofthestudentsareinterestedinit.所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。Therearetreesonanysideofthesquare.J'场的每一边都种有树。Hehastwosons,neitherofwhomisrich.他有两个儿子,都不富有。Hehasthreesons,noneofwhomisrich.他有三个儿子,都不富有。【说明】each可用于两者、三者或三者以上,而every只用于三者或三者以上,因此用于两者时只能用each,不能用everyo女H:不能说Therearetreesoneverysideoftheroad.三、复合不定代词的用法特点复合彳、定代词包扌舌something,somebody,someone,anything,anybody,anyone,nothing,nobody,noone,everything,everybody,everyone等。它们在句屮可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。something,someone等和anything,anyone等的区别与some和any的区別一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句1.复合不定代词受定语(形容词)修饰吋,定语应放在它们后面:Thereisnothingwrongwiththeradio.这收音机没有毛病。Haveyouseenanyone[anybody]famous?你见过名人吗?2.指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词--般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数he,him,his(不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体屮常用复数代词they,them,their:Everyoneknowsthis,doesn'the[don'tthey]?人人都知道这一点,不是吗?Ifanybody[anyone]comes,askhim[them]towait.要是有人來,讣他等着。3・指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语,谓语动词只能用单数,相应的人称代词也只能用it,而不用they:Everythingisready,isn'tit?—切都准备好了,是吗?Everyoneishere.每个人都在。\n4.anyone,everyone等只能指人,不能指物,R其后一般不接of短语。若是指物或后接of短语,可用anyone,everyone(分开写):anyoneoftheboys(books)孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本)everyoneofthestudents(schools)每一个学生(一所学校)四、是anynot还是notany按英语习惯,any以及含有any的复合不定代词用于否定句时,它只能出现在否定词Z后,而不能在否定词Z前:误:Anyonedoesn'tknowhowtodoit.正:Nooneknowshowtodoi匸任何人都不知道如何做它。误:Anybody[Anyone]cannotdoit.正:Nobody[Noone]candoit.这事谁也干不了。误:Anythingcannotpreventmefromgoing.正:Nothingcanpreventmefromgoing.什么也不能阻挡我去。五、不定代词与部分否定不定代词all,both,every等与not连用时构成部分否定;若要表示完全否定,则需换用none,neither,noone等。比较:Allofthestudentslikethenovel.所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。Notallofthestudentslikethenovel.并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。Allofthestudentsdon'tlikethenovel.并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。Noneofthestudentslikethenovel.这些学生当中没有一个喜欢这本小说。六、all,both,each等用作同位语若用作主语同位语,主语可以是名词或代词;若用作宾语等其他成分的同位语,则宾语等成分必须是人称代词,而不能是名词:Wehaveallreadit.我们都读过他。(all修饰的主语是代词)Thevillageshaveallbeendestroyed.村庄都被毁了。(all修饰的主语是名词)Theytoldusalltowaitthere.他叫我们都在那儿等。(all修饰的宾语是代词)但不能说:Theytoldthemenalltowaitthere,(all修饰的宾语是名词不是代词)七、solittle与suchlittle的区别用solittle还是suchlittle取决于little的意思:若表示数量方面的“少”,则用solittle;若表示形状体积的“小”,则用suchlittle:Hehassolittletimeforreading.他读巧的时间少得町怜。fveneverseensuchlittleboxes.我从未见过那样小的盒子。八、some与any的用法区别一般说来,some用于肯定句中,any用于否定句和疑问句中。但是,在表示请求、邀请\n或征求意见的句子中,通常耍用some而不用any:Wouldyoulikesomecake?吃点蛋糕吗?Whynotbuysomebread?为什么不买些而包呢?ShallIgetsomechalkforyou?要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗?【说明】any有时也用于肯定句中,此时表示“任何”:Anycolourwilldo.任何颜色都行。Comeanydayyoulike.随便哪天来都可以。九、many与much的用法区别两者都表示“许多”,但many修饰或代替町数名词(复数),与Few(少数)相对;而much用来修饰或代替不nJ数名词(单数),little(少量)相对。Didyouseemanypeoplethere?你在那儿看见许多人了吗?Wedon'thavemuchtime.我们没有许多时间。在肯定句中,一般用alotof,lotsof,plentyof等代Z。但在正式文体中有时也用于肯定句中;另外,若用作主语或主语的定语,或其前有how,too,as,so,agood,agreat等修饰,也可用于肯定句中:Manyofusleftearly.我们有许多人离开得很早。Muchworkhasbeendone.许多工作都已经做了。You,vcgivenmetoomuch.你已给我太多了。Takeasmany(much)asyouwant.你要多少拿多少。Iaskedheragreatmanyquestions.我问了她许多问题。十、few,afew与little,alittle的用法区别1・few和afew后接町数名词的复数形式。few表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义;afew表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义:Itisverydifficult,andfewpeopleunderstandit.它很难,没有几个人能懂。Itisverydifficult,butafewpeopleunderstandit.他虽难,但是有些人懂。2.little和alittle之后接不可数名词,其区别跟few和afew之间的区别相似:Unfortunately,Ihadlittlemoneyonme.很不巧,我身上没带什么钱。Fortunately,Ihadalittlemoneyonme.幸好我身上带着一点钱。几组不定代词用法区别:不定代词是历年来考试中考查最多的-•类。在学习过程中应特别注意以下儿组代词的用法:\n一・some与any的用法1.some用于肯定句以及表示建议或期待得到肯定回答的问句。修饰单数名词时,意为“某个”。如:Thavesomequestionsabouttheassignment.Wouldyoumindbuyingmesomesweet?(希望得到肯定答复)。2.any用于否定句和疑问句时,表示“一些”。用于肯定句吋,只和单数名词或不可数名词连用,表示“任何”。如:Themedicineisonsaleeverywhere.Youcangetitatanychemist's.二・each与every的用法1.each强调个体,表示两个或两个以上中的“每一个”,在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语。如:Therearetreesandflowersateachsideoftheroad.2.every强调整体,表示三者或三者以上中的“毎一个”,只能作定语,不能说everyofthem,要说everyoneofthem.女II:Everystudentinourclassworkshard.三・noone与none的用法1.noone意为“没有人”,只能指人,不能指物,不可与介词of连用,谓语动词用单数形式,回答who引导的问句。如:—Whoisintheclassroom?一Noone.2.none既可指人,也可指物,强调数量,意为“一点也不,一个也不”;谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数;常与of连用,通常指“三者以上的人或物中没有一个”,回答howmuch和howmany引导的问句。如:Theywerealltired,butnoneofthemwouldstoptohavearest.四・other,another,others,anyother,theother的用法1.other表示泛指,意为“另外的、其它的”。常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如\n果其前冇the,this,some,any,each,every,no,one以及形容词性物主代词时,其后就可接单数名词。如:1havenootherplacetogo.1.another常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”,泛指单数。可单独使用,也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词,则表示“又、再、还”。如:Thiscapistoosmal1forme.Showmeanother(one)。Weneedanotherthreeassistantsinourshop.2.others:它是other的复数形式,表示泛指,意为“别的人或物”,但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词;前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。如:Hehasmoreconcernforothersthanforhimself.3.anyother表示一个之外的其他任何一个,而不是两个之中的另一个。如:Chinais1argerthananyothercountryinAsia.4.theother:表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用,也町接单数名词。如:Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionasneithersidewouldgivewaytotheother.五・all与both的用法均表示“都”,但all表示三者以上的人或物,both则表示两个人或物。二者都表示肯定意义,如果与not连用时,则表示部分否定。六・neither与either的用法都可用于表示两个人或物。neither表否定意义,意为“(两者中的每一个)都不”:而either表肯定意义,意为“(两者中的每一个)都”。都可单独使用,也可同介词of连用。如:Bothteamswereinhardtraining;neitherwillingtolosethegame・—Doyouwantteaorcoffee?一Either.Ireallydon'tmind.七.it,one和that1.it可指代可数名词和不可数名词。常常指代上文中“the+名词”或“物主代词+名词”中的名词,表示同一件事物,但it代替的事物属于特指。它的复数形式是they或them.如:\nTheParkersboughtanewhousebutitwillneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.1.one所表示的名词(可指人或物)和前而所捉到的名词只是同一类中的任何一个,不是指其中某一个。不能代替不可数名词。复数形式是ones•如:Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohaveone.2.That指代的也是同一类事物而不是同一个事物,但that代替的是有定冠词的名词,表特指,它还可以代替不可数名词。用that来代替前面已出现的可数名词(that相当于theone)或不可数名词时,后面一定要跟修饰语,且that只能指物。如:Nobreadeatenbymanissosweetasthatearnedbyhisownlabor.总之,我们在使用不定代词时,一•要注意指代的范围;二要注意是表示肯定还是否定;三要注意词性(它们还可用作形容词)。练一练不定代词1.1havetwopens.Oneisred,isblue.A.theotherB・othersC.otherD.another2.Therewrongwithmyradio.A.aresomethingB.areanythingC.isanythingD.issomething3.Fmnotbusy•Ihaven91todo•A・somethingB.everythingC・nothingD.anything4.Hisparentsaredoctors.A.eachB.allC.bothD.noone5.Ofthethreeforeignfriends,oneisfromLondon,twoarefromNewYork•A.otherB.theotherC.othersD・theothers6.MarywantedtohaveawordwithTom.Shehadtotellhim.A.importantsomethingB.nothingimportantC.anythingimportantD.somethingimportant7.Therewrongwiththemachine•A.aren^tsomethingB・aren9tanythingC・isn'tsomethingD.isn'tanything8.MyparentsandIareinterestedinmusic.A.bothB.allC.neitherD.no9.Lookatthosestudents・Somearecleaningthewindow,aresweepingthefloor•A.theotherB・otherC.othersD.theothers10.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks,butyoumustn^tlenditto•A.otherB.othersC・theothersD.theothers11.1studyChinese,Englishandsomesubjects.A・otherB.theotherC.othersD・theothers\n12.DotheyoftentalktoeachinEnglish?A.othersB.theotherC.OtherD.theothers13.Wouldyoulikemilk?A.someB.anyC・littleD.afew14.Marysingsbetterthanofhegirlsinherclassroom.Shesingsbest.A.someB.anyC.mostD.one15.Allthestudentshadgoneout.Therewasintheclassroom•A.somebodyB.anybodyC・nobodyD.everybody16.Now,ishere.Let'sbeginourmeeting.A.AnybodyB.EverybodyC.NobodyD.Anybody17.hastakenmypencilbymistake•Ican,tfindit.A.SomebodyB.EverybodyC.NobodyD.everybody18.Didtheyfindinthegarden?No,theyfoundthere.A.anybody,nobodyB・somebody,everybodyC.anybody、somebodyD・everybody,anybody19-Shemademistakesinherexercises•A.anyB・anotherC.noD.one20.Therearefiftypupilsintheirclass•ofthemareLeaguemembers.A.BothB.EitherC.AllD.Noone21.ThestudentshaveonSunday.A.noanyclassB.notclassC.noclassesD.noanyclass22.Thereisn,tonplayground•A.anyoneB.everyoneC.nobodyD.anypeople23.Ifyouneedarubber,Flllendyou.A.someB.oneC・anotherD.theone24.Wehavebookstoread•A.manyB.muchC・alotD.any25.WestudyChinese,Englishandsomesubjects.A.otherB.othersC.theotherD・theothers26・isheretodayexceptLiPing.A.AnybodyB.EverybodyC.SomebodyD.Nobody27.Isthereinthelibrary?Yes,isin•A.somebody,anybodyB.anybody,nobodyC・anybody,somebodyD.anybody,everybody2&Iwastootiredtodowork.A.someB.anyC・eachD・either29.1don'tlikethisone.Wouldyoupleaseshowmeone.A.otherB.theotherC.anotherD.others30.Mikeisstrongerthan_inhisclass.A.anyboysB・anyboyC.anyotherboyD.otherboy31.Thefarmersareverygladtohaveappleharvest.A.otherB.theotherC.anotherD.others\n32・ofthebooksisyours.Theyaremine•A.BothB.EitherC.AllD.Neither33.Heislazy.Heneverdoeswork•A.manyB.noC・someD・any34.1invitedTomandAnntodinner,butofthemcame.A・neitherB.bothC.eitherD.none35•Heisbusy•Hehasgotworktodo•A.someB.anyC.noD.afew36.Wouldyoulikesomewine?Yes.Just.A.littleB.verylittleC.alittleD.littlebit37.Ishere?No,BobandTimhaveaskedforleave.A.anybodyB.somebodyC.everybodyD・nobody38.Thedaysinsummerarelongerthaninwinter.A.thatB.oneC.thoseD・these39.Ifyouwantaticketforaround-trip,sir,you'Ilhavetopay$80.A・anotherB・otherC.othersD.theother\n1.AfterstoptohaveA.all;C.all;2.11…15ACABC16…20BAACC21—25CABAA26…3031…35CDDAA36…39alongwalk,theyarest.neithernoone—Whydon'twetakeawereBCBCCCCCAverytired,butB.both;noneD.both;neither1ittlebreak?ofthemwould一Didn'twejusthaveA.itB.thatC.oneD.this3.Fewpleasurecanequalofcooldrinkonahotday.(NMET1999)A.someB.anyC.thatD・those4.——Hewasnearlydrownedonce.—Wherewas?一wasin1998whonhewasinmiddleschool.A.that;TtB.this;ThisC.this;ItD.that;This5.SomeofthewheatisfromCanada.Whatabout?A.anotherB.theotherC・othersD.therest6.YoungpeoplemaygrowquicklyinsomewaysandmoreslowlyinA.theotherB・someotherC・olhersD・theseothers1.D2.C3.C4.A5・D6.C