初中定语从句讲解及练习 22页

初中定语从句讲解及练习一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。*引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why*关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句*1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.*2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。\n(2)Theman(who/whom)youmetjustnowismyfriend.*3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)*4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(2)Whereistheman（that/whom）Isawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)*5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.\n=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?*具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1、只能使用that,不用which的情况：*1）当先行词是：all,any,anything,everything,nothing或被它们修饰时。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有什么可以为你做的吗？Allthatcanbedonemustbedone.凡是能做的都必须做。*2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。*3）当先行词有：theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。例如：Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthat'smissing.\n我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。*4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that,不用which或who，以避免重复。例如：Whoisthegirlthatiswearingaredcoat?正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？*5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that。例如：Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。2、只用which不用that的情况：*1)关系代词前有介词时；e.g.ThisistheroominwhichLuXunlived.*2)非限定性定语从句中；作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。e.g.Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.Hehasadaughter,whoworksinahospital.*3)先行词本身是that时；e.g.Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime\n非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限)Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou这里有人要和你说话(限制性)*关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.*像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.三、关系副词引导的定语从句*\n1、when：当主句中的先行词(即主句中被后面定语从句修饰的词)是表示时间意义的名词时，它只能作定语从句的时间状语，放在定语从句句首。如果定语从句的引导词是作该定语从句的主语或宾语，则要改用关系代词that或which来引导。例如：I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.Thedayswhenweusedforeignoilaregone.我们用洋油的日子一去不复返了。I'llneverforgetthedaywhenIwasborn.(=I'llneverforgetmybirthday.)我永远不会忘记我出生的日子。IthappenedinNovemberwhentheweatherwaswetandcold.这事发生在天气又湿又冷的十一月。Theday(that)Ialwaysrememberinallmylifeismybirthday.我一生中最难忘的日子是我的生日。(that作定语从句"thatIalwaysrememberinallmylife"的宾语，that可以省略)*2、where：当主句中的先行词是表示地点意义的名词时，它只能作其所在的定语从句的地点状语，放在定语从句的句首。如果定语从句的引导词作该定语从句的主语或宾语时，也要改用关系代词that或which来引导。例如：Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity\nThisistheroomwhere(＝inwhich)Ilivedlastyear.这就是我去年住过的房间。Isthistheclassroomwhere(=inwhich)theoldworkerisgoingtomake/giveusareport?这就是那位老工人要给我们做报告的教室吗？Let'slookforaplacewherewecanswim.咱们找一个可以游泳的地方吧。Thebuildingthatisbeingbuiltovertherewillbeanewhospital.正在那边建的楼房将是一家新医院。(引导词that作定语从句"thatisbeingbuiltoverthere"的主语)Thatisthefactory(that)theyvisitedlastmonth.那就是他们上个月参观过的工厂。(引导词that作定语从句"(that)theyvisitedlastmonth"的宾语，that可以省略)*注意：不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when，在地点名词后就一定用关系副词where，在表示原因的thereason后就一定用关系副词why。到底选用关系副词还是关系代词，关键是看它们在从句中是用作状语(用关系副词)还是用作主语或宾语(用关系代词)。如：Don’tforgetthetime(that)I’vetoldyou.不要忘记我告诉你的时间。(that用作told的宾语)\nI’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedwithyou.我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。(when用作状语)Heworksinafactorythat/whichmakesradioparts.他在一家制造无线电零件的工厂工作。(that/which在从句中用作主语，且不能省略)Heworksinthefactorywherehisfatherworked.他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。(where作状语)That’sthereason(that/which)heexplainedtous.那就是他向我们解释的理由。(that或which在从句中用作explained的宾语)That’sthereasonwhyshelefthome.那就是她离家出走的原因。(why在从句中作状语)*英语中的关系副词主要是when,where,why三个，不要想当然地将how用作关系副词修饰theway。如不说Thisisthewayhowhespoke，可说成Thisistheway(that/inwhich)hespoke.(其中的that/inwhich可省略)*另外，when和where可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，而why则只用于引导限制性定语从句，不用于引导非限制性定语从句。Sundayisaholiday,whenpeopledonotgotowork.星期天是假日，（这天）人们不上班。\nHetookusintotheclassroom,wheretherewereonlyafewstudents.他把我们带进教室，那儿只有少数几个学生。*在定语从句的使用中，oneof后面的名词是复数，这个复数名词制约后面的定语从句的谓语动词，用复数；而在oneof前面有the或theonly时，后面引导的定语从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoiselected?Jasperisoneofthosepeoplewhoknowabouttheaccident.定语从句练习一、请分析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1.CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.2.AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.3.Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.4.Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.5.Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.6.Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?\n8.HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.9.MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.10.Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?12.Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.13.Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.14.Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.15.AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.2.Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3.Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.4.Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5.Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.\n6.Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.7.Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8.Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.9.Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.10.Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.11.Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.12.Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.13.Thisisshirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.14.Adictionaryisabook_________givesthemeaningtotheword.15.Thebook____________isonthetableismine.16.Thefilm____________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.17.Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.18.Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?\n19.Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.20.Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.三、单项选择()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose()2.What’sthenameoftheprogram________.A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningtoC.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening()3.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything()4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which()5.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat()6.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.\nA.thatB.whatC.whichD.who()7.Doyouknowthestudent_____?A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk()8.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.who’sC.it'sD.its()9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary_____?A.whatIneedB.IneedC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit()10.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that（）11、Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone（）12、Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone\n（）13、Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone（）14、Mr.Herpinisoneoftheforeignexpertswho______inChina.A.worksB.isworkingC.areworkingC.hasbeenworking（）15、We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist__________wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that1. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those   5. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.  A. that B. where C. in which D. in that   6. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into \nice.   A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what     9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.   A. all which B. that C. all that D. which   11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.   A. as B. that C. which D. what   14. The girl __________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing   15. Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.   A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn   16. Anyone __________ this opinion may speak out.   A. that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against   17. Didn’t you see the man __________?   A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now   C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now   18. Can you lend me the novel __________ the other day?   A. that you talked B. you talked about it   C. which you talked with D. you talked about \n  19. Is there anything __________ to you?   A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs    21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except __________who had already taken them.   A. the ones  ones some the others   22. The train __________ she was travelling was late.   A. which  where  on which in that   23. He has lost the key to the drawer __________ the papers are kept.   A. where  in which under which  which 25. It’s the third time __________ late this month.   A. that you arrive. when you arrived   C. that you’ve arrived  when you’ve arrived    27. May the fourth is the day __________ we Chinese people will never forget.   A. which  when on which about which   28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, __________ my grandparents and some relativeslive .   A. which B. that \nC. who D. where   29. The hotel __________ during our holidays stands by the seaside.   A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed 34. Is that the reason __________ you are late.A. which B. what C. why D. for that     38. He is a man of great experience, __________ much can be learned.   A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom   40. I don’t like __________ you speak to her.   A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which   41. The two things __________ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.   A. about which B. of which \nC. in which D. for which 44. There is only one thing __________ I can do.   A. what B. that C. all D. which   49. The great day we looked forward to __________ at last.   A. come B. came C. coming D. comes   50. I like the second football match __________ was held last week.   A. which B. who C. that D. /   定语从句专项练习1.Sorry,wedon’thavethecoat________youneed. a.what    b.who   c.whom   d.which2.Thisisthedictionary________mumgavemeformybirthday. a.which   b.what   c.whose  d.whom3.Doyouknowtheman________issittingbehindnancy? a.what   b.which   c.who    d.whom\n4.Thebook________heboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting. a./    b.why    c.when    d.what5.Ihavefoundsomepicturesofthemostinterestingplaces________youcanvisitduringthewinterholidays. a.where    b.which   c.what   d.that6.I’dliketotellyouaboutthetablemanners________youshouldknowwhenyouvisitkorea. a.which    b.who   c.what    d.how7.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears________ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,________hasagreateffectonmylife.a.when;who         b.that;which     c.which;that         d.when;which 8.Isoxygentheonlygas________helpsfireburn?a.that     b./    c.which   d.it                          9.Is________somegermanfriendsvisitedlastweek? a.thisschool        b.thistheschool     c.thisschoolone     d.thisschoolwhere 10.---Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike?  ---ilikemusic________hasgreatlyrics.  a.that    b.what   c.who    d.whose11.Thatistheonlything________iboughtfromthesupermarket.  a.which  b.that   c.what    d.where\n12.Theplace________interestedmemostwasthechildren’spalace.  a.which b.where  c.what  d.inwhich13.Thecomputer________lastweekhasgonewrong.  a.whichiboughtit     b.ibought     c.whatibought        d.iboughtit14.Thatisthepoorboy________fatherdiedinatrafficaccidentlastyear.  a.who   b.whom   c.whose  d.which15.Doyouknowthegirl________isstandingunderthetree?a.who    b.whom  c.which  d.where16.Isthewoman________talkedtoourteacheryesterdayyourmother?  a.who    b.whom  c.which   d.what17.Theyounglady________wemetyesterdayisournewmathsteacher.  a.what  b.whose   c.whom  d.which18.Iliketoliveinahouse________isbigandbright.a.that    b.who     c.how    d.why19.Ihatepeople________talkmuchbutdolittle.a.whom  b.which   c.who   d.when20.Iamoneoftheboys________neverlateforschool. a.thatis  b.whoare c.whoam d.whois\n21.Mrgreen,thereissomeoneatthefrontdesk________wouldliketospeakwithyou.  a.he   b.who   c.which     d.whom22.Ilovethesmallvillage________iwasborn.  a.that  b.which  c.where    d.whose23.Herecomesthegirl________handwritingisthebestinourclass.  a.which  b.whose  c.that    d.who24Myparentsusuallybuymesomesimpleclothes________canlastalongtime.  a.who  b.that    c.whom   d.whose25.---Isthegirl________isinterviewingthemanagerofthatcompanyyourfriend? ---Yes,sheisajournalistfromcctv.  a.whom  b.which   c.who   d.whose26.---Doyouknoweverybody________cametotheparty?  ---No,idon’tknowtheone________youhadalongtalkwithnearthedoor.  a.who;/       b.whose;that    c.that;which   d./;whom27.Theboy________wonthefirstprizeiscalledroy.  a.when   b.whom  c.who   d.which28.Childrenlikehouses________arepaintedindifferentcolours.\n  a.which   b.they    c.those   d.what29.Doyouthinkmoststudentsprefertests________haveeasyquestions?  a.who    b.where    c.that    d.it30.Heisoneoftheexperiencedengineersinthisfactory________hardworkwasrepaidwiththedevelopmentofthefactory.  a.where  b.whose   c.inwhich  d.that