【初中】初中现在完成时讲解练习及答案- 7页

精品资料欢迎下载精品资料欢迎下载I.定义：现在完成时精讲和专练精品资料欢迎下载表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可以表示过去已经开头，始终连续到现在的动作或状态II.现在完成时的结构确定句：have/has+done〔过去分词〕否定句：主语+have/has+not+done〔过去分词〕+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done〔过去分词〕+其他.简略答语:Yes,主语+have/has.〔确定〕No,主语+haven't/hasn't.〔否定〕留意：表示短临时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用；用来连续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经受）引导的词语连用；如：Ihavelivedhereformorethanthirtyyears.我已在此住了30多年；III.现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,现在完成时通常和，ever,never,twice（once⋯）,sofar（到目前为止）,since，for，inthepast/lastfewyears（在过去几年）,already（确定句）,yet（否定，疑问句）,just〔刚刚〕,before（以前）,recently（近来）等词连用说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于确定句，并用于句中；yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末；例如：Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet.Theyhaveleft.〔他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里〕Ihavehadmylunch.〔我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿〕Ican’tfindmywatchnow.IthinkIhavealreadylostit.2.过去已经开头的动作始终连续到现在,甚至有可能连续连续下去,我们可以从动作“连续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手；①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（过去从句）为标志留意：1〕现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago等;2〕不能与when连用IV.现在完成时的用法A.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）；例如：Thecarhasarrived.车子来了；（结果：车子已在门口）Someonehasbrokenthewindow.有人把窗户打破了；（结果：窗户仍破着）B.表示过去已经开头，连续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻连续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词howlong等；例如：Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.\n精品资料欢迎下载我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了；Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.自从20XX年Mr.Black始终住在中国；Howlonghaveyoubeenhere.你来这里多久了？留意：此种用法中表示连续动作或状态的动词必需是连续性动词（否定句除外）；例如：〔1〕这本书我已经买了三个月了；错误：Ihaveboughtthebookforthreemonths.正确：Ihavehadthebookforthreemonths.〔2〕你哥哥参军多长时间了？错误：Howlonghasyourbrotherjoinedthearmy.正确：Howlonghasyourbrotherbeeninthearmy/beenasoldier.连续性动词与非连续性动词之间的转换精品资料欢迎下载leave---beawayborrow---keepbuy---havedie---bedeadbegin/start---beonfinish---beoverfallill---beillgetup---beupcatchacold---haveacoldputon→wearcome/become/go---beherefallasleep---beasleepgetto/arrive/reach---be〔in〕gettoknow---knowjoin----beamemberof...〔成为⋯的一员〕open---beopenclose---beclosed精品资料欢迎下载精品资料欢迎下载用相应的连续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为“fo＋r时间点”；如：HehasbeenintheGreenChinaforthreeyears.HehasbeenamemberoftheGreenChinaforthreeyears.他加入“绿色中国”已经三年了；Theoldmandied4yearsago.----Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.----HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.Iboughtthebook5daysago.----Ihavehadthebookfor5days.时间段”或“sinc＋e精品资料欢迎下载表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间〔for2years〕,since+从句〔sincehecamehere〕,since+时间点名词〔sincelastyear,since5daysago〕,howlong;foralongtime等；I.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区分1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯表达过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响；Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday；）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了；）2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：⋯ago,lastweek/...In2021,inthepast,justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterday...Then〔那时〕,thatday,oneday,once〔从前〕现在完成经常和recently（近来），ever,never,twice,sofar（到目前为止）,since，for，inthepast/lastfewyears,already（确定句）,yet（否定，疑问句）,just〔刚刚〕,before（以前）连用；现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用；现在完成时可表示连续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是连续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.\n精品资料欢迎下载I.比较since和forsince后接时间点，for后接时间段，试比较：Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.II.比较have/hasbeento、have/hasgoneto和havebeeninhave〔has〕beento...表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”，可以和ever、never、twice等连用；have〔has〕goneto表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里仍没有回来”；have〔has〕beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,for,howlong等HewenttoShanghailastweek上周他去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.他〔曾经〕到/去过上海.〔但他人现在确定不是在上海而是回来了〕HehasgonetoShanghai.他已经去上海了.〔或许刚动身动身,或许已经到了,或许仍在路上,反正他人不在这里〕Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了\n精品资料欢迎下载语法练习I.连续性动词和瞬时性动词之间的转化1.Hedied10yearsago.——Hefor10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.——Hethebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.——Hethemotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.—Heheresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.——Thelightfor2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.———Hefromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.——Thefilmfor30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.——Thedoorforanhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.——Thedoorforanhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.——Heaforayear.Hethearmyforayear.Itayearhejoinedthearmy.II.单项挑选；〔〕1.Thefamouswriteronenewbookinthepasttwoyear.Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten〔〕2.HaveyoumetMr.Li？Ａ.JustＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago〔〕3.—Howlonghaveyouhere.—Abouttwomonths.Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.comeＤ.arrived〔〕4.—Ourcountryalotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven.Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better〔〕5.—youyourhomeworkyet.—Yes.Iitamomentago.Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish〔〕6.WeXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew〔〕7.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.Itwice.Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see〔〕8.—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really.Whenthere.Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone〔〕9.ZhouLangalreadyinthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;studyＣ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying〔〕10.HisfatherthePartysince1998.Ａ.joinedＢ.hasjoinedＣ.wasinＤ.hasbeenin〔〕11.—Doyouknowhimwell.—Sure.Wefriendssincetenyearsago.Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemade〔〕12.HehasbeentoShanghai,hashe.Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still〔〕13.Hurryup.Theplayfortenminutes.Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegunＣ.hasbeenonＤ.began\n精品资料欢迎下载〔〕14.Ittenyearssinceheleftthearmy.Ａ.IsＢ.hasＣ.willＤ.was〔〕15.MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.Shetothelibrary.Ａ.hasgoneＢ.wentＣ.willgoＤ.hasbeen〔〕16.MyparentsShandongfortenyears.Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeentoＣ.havegonetoＤ.havebeen〔〕17.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,.A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey〔〕18.hasMr.WhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina.A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived〔〕19.Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity二、句型转换；1、Hehasneversurfed,.（改成附加疑问句）2、Theyhavebeenheresince2001.〔提问〕havetheybeenhere.3、Theoldmanlastyear.Heforayear.〔die〕（动词填空）4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.〔同义句转换〕Thisfactoryfortwentyyears.5、MissGreenleftanhourago.〔同义句转换〕MissGreenanhourago.6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同义句）HermotherthePartythreeyears.三、汉译英；1、他昨天收到一封信；2、我父亲以前到过长城；4、她去过上海；5、他这些天上哪儿去了？现在完成时练习：一、单项挑选；10、—youyourhomeworkyet.—Yes.Iitamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish11、HisfatherthePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell.—Sure.Wefriendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade21.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebusfor20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway22.ItheLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin23.ThefactorysincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened24.MaryandRosefriendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome26.Themeetingforaweeknow.\n精品资料欢迎下载A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover27.MissGaothisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught30.Howlonghe.A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead31.Heateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept32.Hethecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad33.-----Howlongyouill.-----Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been35.I'lllendyouthebook,butyoucanonlyitfor2days.A.borrowB.keepC.take40.-----HowlongcanIthebook.------Twoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.getD.keep二、句型转换；1、Hehasneversurfed,.（改成反意疑问句）4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.〔同义句转换〕Thisfactoryfortwentyyears.6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同义句）HermotherthePartythreeyears.7、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.〔同义句转换〕twoyearstheGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.一、用过去时或现在完成时填空：1.“you〔have〕lunch.”“Yes.”“Whenyou〔have〕it.”“I〔have〕itat12:00.”2.“you〔write〕alettertoyourauntyet.”“Yes,I.I〔write〕onelastweek.”3.“he〔finish〕hishomework.”“Notyet.”4.“theyever〔be〕abroad.”“Yes,justonce.”5.Yourfatherjust〔finish〕hiswork.6.Yourfather〔finish〕hisworkjustnow.7.LasttermI〔learn〕manyEnglishwords.8.They〔notread〕theinterestingbooksyet.9.Henever〔go〕tothesciencemuseum.10.youever〔drink〕coke.11.Haveyou〔buy〕adictionary.““Yes,I.”“Whereyou〔buy〕it.”“I〔buy〕itinabookstore.”“Whenyou〔buy〕it.”“Yesterday.”二、用since和for填空1.twoyears2.twoyearsago3.lastmonth4.19995.yesterday6.4o’clock7.4hours9.wewerechildren11.shelefthere12.HehaslivedinNanjingtheyearbeforelast.13.I’veknownhimwewerechildren.14.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanesethreeyears.15.Shehasbeenawayfromthecityabouttenyears.16.It’sabouttenyearssheleftthecity.三、用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各种形式填空；\n精品资料欢迎下载1)WhereisJack.Hehiscountry.2)Davidtheparkjustnow.3)JohnEnglandsincehecameback.4)Howlonghavethisvillage.5)TheSmithsBeijingforyears.6)youeverAmerica.--Yes,Itheremanytimes.7)Ithisschoolsincethreeyearsago.8)WhereisJim.Hethefarm.9)Whenhe.Heanhourago.10)Wouldyouliketothezoowithme.---Yes,butItherebefore.11)Whereyounow.---Ithezoo.12)Heoftenswimming.13)youtherelastyear.14)theyoftenskatinginwinter.四、综合练习:I.用never,ever,already,yet,for,since填空1.Ihaveseenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2.Jackhasfinishedhishomeworkanhourago.3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschooltenyears.4.“Haveyouseenthefilm.”“No,Ihaveseenit.”5.“Hasthebusleft.”“Yes,ithasleft.”