【初中】初中现在完成时讲解练习及答案 4页

1结构式：确定形式：have/has+done否定形式：have/has+not+done一般疑问句：have或has放于句首；2用法：精品资料欢迎下载现在完成时A表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）；Thecarhasarrived.车子来了；（结果：车子已在门口）Someonehasbrokenthewindow.有人把窗户打破了；（结果：窗户仍破着）Haveyouhadlunchyet.-Yes,Ihave.I'vejusthadit.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过；（现在我不饿了B表示过去已经开头，连续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻连续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词howlong等；例如：Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了；Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.自从20XX年Mr.Black始终住在中国；Howlonghaveyoubeenhere.你来这里多久了？留意：此种用法中表示连续动作或状态的动词必需是连续性动词例如：〔1〕这本书我已经买了三个月了；错误：Ihaveboughtthebookforthreemonths.正确：Ihavehadthebookforthreemonths.〔2〕你哥哥参军多长时间了？错误：Howlonghasyourbrotherjoinedthearmy.正确：Howlonghasyourbrotherbeeninthearmy/beenasoldier.3标志词：recentlyever,never,sofarsince，for，inthepast/lastfewyearsalready（确定句）,yet（否定，疑问句）,justbefore说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于确定句，并用于句中；yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末；例如：Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet.Theyhaveleft.〔他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里〕Ihavehadmylunch.〔我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿〕Ican’tfindmywatchnow.IthinkIhavealreadylostit.\n精品资料欢迎下载留意：表示短临时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用；但可用相应的连续性动词替换短暂性动词Theoldmandied4yearsago.----Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.Iboughtthebook5daysago.----Ihavehadthebookfor5days.现归纳总结:由非连续性动词到连续性动词的转换精品资料欢迎下载1.直接用连续性动词buy–havecatch〔get〕acold–haveacoldborrow—keepputon--wearreceive—havegotosleep–sleepgettoknow–know精品资料欢迎下载2.转换成be+名词jointhearmy–beasoldier；gotoschool–beastudentbecomeatacher—beateacherjoin---beamemberof3转换成be+形容词或副词精品资料欢迎下载die—bedead；finish–beover；begin—beon；leave—beaway；fallsleep–beasleepreturn—bebackgetmarried/marry–bemarriedfinish→beoveropen→beopenclose—beclosedfallill–beill.goout–beout,stop–beoverfallasleep—beasleep,getup_beup；精品资料欢迎下载1转换成be+介词短语:gotoschool–beinschool；gotobed–beinbedcometo/goto/arriveat〔in〕+某地—bein〔at〕+某地；练一练：连续性动词和瞬时性动词之间的转化1.Hedied10yearsago.——Hefor10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.——Hethebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.——Hethemotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.—Heheresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.——Thelightfor2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.———Hefromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.——Thefilmfor30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.——Thedoorforanhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.——Thedoorforanhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.——Heaforayear.Hethearmyforayear.Itayearhejoinedthearmy.比较：have〔has〕beento...表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”，可以和ever、never、twice等连用；have〔has〕goneto表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里仍没有回来”；have〔has〕beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,for,howlong等HewenttoShanghailastweek上周他去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.他〔曾经〕到/去过上海.〔但他人现在确定不是在上海而是回来了〕HehasgonetoShanghai.他已经去上海了.〔或许刚动身动身,或许已经到了,或许仍在路上,反正他人不在这里〕\n精品资料欢迎下载Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了一、单项挑选；2、Thefamouswriteronenewbookinthepasttwoyear.Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten3、HaveyoumetMr.Li？Ａ.JustＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago4、—Howlonghaveyouhere.—Abouttwomonths.Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.comeＤ.arrived5、—Ourcountryalotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven.Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better6、—youyourhomeworkyet.—Yes.Iitamomentago.Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish7、WeXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.Itwice.Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really.Whenthere.Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone10、ZhouLangalreadyinthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;studyＣ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying11、HisfatherthePartysince1998.Ａ.joinedＢ.hasjoinedＣ.wasinＤ.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell.—Sure.Wefriendssincetenyearsago.Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemade13、HehasbeentoShanghai,hashe.Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still14、Hurryup.Theplayfortenminutes.Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegunＣ.hasbeenonＤ.began15、Ittenyearssinceheleftthearmy.Ａ.IsＢ.hasＣ.willＤ.was16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.Shetothelibrary.Ａ.hasgoneＢ.wentＣ.willgoＤ.hasbeen17、MyparentsShandongfortenyears.Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeentoＣ.havegonetoＤ.havebeen18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,.A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey19、hasMr.WhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina.A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived20、Hisuncleformorethan9years.\n精品资料欢迎下载A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity