初中复合句(带练习) 10页

复合句英语句子按照句子的功能或使用目的,可分为:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。按照句子的结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。复合句由一个主句和一个或几个从句构成。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立，不能单独存在,在句中作某一成分,如宾语.状语.定语。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。从句宾语从句【名师精讲】一.宾语从句的分类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语（或直宾）、介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.4.下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待：besorry/afraid/sure/glad+that从句,如：I’msorryI’mlate.I’mafraidheisn’tinatthemoment.二.宾语从句的语序无论主句是什么句式，宾语从句必须是陈述句语序。例如：Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.三.宾语从句的时态1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soonafterhegraduatedfromthecollege.3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理、自然现象、科学原理或格言警句，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.heteacheraskedtheboyiftheearthisround.四.其它注意事项1.宾语从句的变换步骤：(1).确定引导词：that(陈述句)if/whether(一般疑问句)what/when等（殊疑问句)(2).时态一致：如果主句是一般将来时或一般现在时,从句时态保持不变．如果主句是一般过去时,时态必须一致,即用过去的相应时态，客观真理除外．3).转换语序：三大动词与主语颠倒位置,do/does/did去掉,谓语作相应变化．２.当主句的主语是第一人称I/we，谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时，其后的that宾语从句如果表示否定意义，not应否定主句谓语，这叫“否定前移”。例如:Idon’tthinkheisright.Idon’tbelievehewillcome.另外，要注意：这种句子变否定句和一般疑问句时变主句，但完成反义疑问句时要看从句。３.宾语从句与简单句的转换：由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，当从句主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句常简化为“疑问词＋动词不定式”。Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.↔Idon’tknowwhattodonext.４.if,whether辨析：if和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾语从句时一般可互换。但有些情况例外。在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：1)引导主语从句和表语从句时。例如：Whetherhewillcometothepartyisunknown.ThequestioniswhetherIcanpasstheexam.2)引导词与动词不定式或ornot连用时。例如：Ihaven’tmadeupmymindwhethertogothereornot.Couldyoutellmewhetheryougoornot?3)当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether不用if\nWearetalkingaboutwhetherwe’llgoonthepinic.4)if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether.例如：Youcan’tworkouttheplanoutifyoudon’thavethemeeting.【中考实战演练】一.单项填空()1.Idon'tknowifit___tomorrow.Ifit___,Iwillnotgofishing.A.rains;rainsB.rain;willrainC.willrain;rainsD.willrain;willrain()2.Couldyoutellme_________?A.wheredoesLiLeiworkB.wheredidLiLeiworkC.whereLiLeiworksD.whereLiLeiworked()3.Shesaid____shewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster'sdesk.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when()4.Theteachertoldusthatthemoon______roundtheearth.A.wentB.travelsC.turnedD.went()5.Wouldyoupleasetellme________?A.whendidhecomehomeB.wherehewouldplayfootballC.ifhehadseenthefilmD.whyhedidn’twatchthegame()6.Doyouknow_______duringthecomingsummerholiday?A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid()7.Iwanttoknow_________.A.whatishisnameB.what’shisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis()8.Doyouknow________Icouldpasstheexam?A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which()9.Doyouknow________?I’mnotsure.Maybeheisadoctor.A.whoheisB.whoisheC.whathedoesD.whatdoeshedo()10.Theteachertoldusthatthesun___intheeast.A.riseB.risesC.roseD.willrise()11.---Couldyoutellme_________theBambooGarden?---Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.A.whenwillyouvisitB.whenyouwillvisitC.whenwouldyouvisitD.whenyouwouldvisit()12.Wouldyoupleasetellme_________next,MrWang?A.whatshouldwedoB.weshoulddowhatC.whatweshoulddoD.shouldwedowhat()13.---Couldyoutellme____________?---Sorry,Idon’tknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting.A.whatdoeshesayatthemeetingB.whatdidhesayatthemeetingC.whathesaysatthemeetingD.whathesaidatthemeeting()14.---Couldyoutellme_________lastnight?---Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome.A.whatyouweredoingB.whatwereyoudoingC.whatyouaredoingD.whatareyoudoing()15.Everymorningthepatientsareaskedif________theirtemperaturetaken.A.theyhadhadB.havetheyhadC.theyhavehadD.hadtheyhad()16.Couldyoutellme_______?A.whatthematteriswithyouB.whatwasthematterwithyouC.What’sthematterwithyouD.what’sthewrongwithyou.()17.Iamsure_______yousaidistrue.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who()18.Theoldmantoldus_______and________.A.todowhat,todohowB.whattodoit,howtodoitC.whattodo,howtodoitD.whattodo,howtodo()19.Idon’tremember________heworkedinthatcitywhenhewasyoung.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.who()20.Thephotographwillshowyou________.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike二.句型转换：1.Whendoesthetrainarrive?Couldyoutellme?Couldyoutellme_____thetrain_________.2.Ithinkhewillcomeinaweek.(否定句)I_______thinkhe______comeinaweek.3.IreallyknowwhichoneIshouldchoose.Ireallydon'tknowwhichone_____________.4.DoesMrs.Brownenjoylivinghere?Couldyoutellme?(宾语从句)Couldyoutellme____Mrs.Brown______livinghere?5.Jimcan’tdecidewhatheshoulddonext.(同义句)Jimcan’tdecidewhat_______next.6.IthinkhehasbeentoBeijingbefore,____________?7.Idon’tthinkhewillcometomorrow,____________?8.Theyaren’tright.Ithink(合成一句)I______thinkthey_____right.9.Ithinkheisright.(同义句)\nI_____thinkhe_____wrong.10.Wefoundhimagoodpupil.Wefound____________________agoodpupil.11.Hisgrandfatherdiedtenyearsago.It____tenyears___hisgrandfather______.12.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idon'tknow.（改为宾语从句）Idon'tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.13.Lucyhasn'tdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.（改为复合句）Lucyhasn'tdecided________________________________buy.14.Idon'tknowhowIcangettothehospital.（改为简单句）Idon'tknow________________________tothehospital.15.Tom'sfathersawhimsittingonsomeeggs.（改为复合句）Tom'sfathersaw________________________sittingonsomeeggs.二.根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子1.我认为玛丽不回来了。Idon’tthinkMary____________.2.山姆给我说他准备去上海。Samtoldmethathe______________forShanghai.3.父亲说他买了一台新电脑。Fathersaidthathe________________anewcomputer..4.叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。Unclesaidthathe_____________anewnovel.5.杰克说他有重要事情要做。Jacksaidhe_______somethingimportanttodo.二.改错题：1.Canyoutellmeifhewillcomeornottomorrow?ABCD（）_________2.CouldyoutellmehowcanIgetthere?ABCD（）____________直接引语如何变为间接引语【名师精讲】1.直接引语是陈述句：变为间接引语时，用连接词that引导（that在口语中常常省略），主句中谓语saidtosb.要改为toldsb.例如：“I'llgotoyourfarmtomorrow”,hesaidtoher.→Hetoldherthathewouldgotoherfarmthenextday.巧记顺口溜：取掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规则。2.直接引语是一般疑问句：变为间接引语时，用连接词if/whether引导，saidto要改为asked，没有间接宾语可以加一个。Hesaid,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?”→HeaskedmeifIwasinterestedinEnglish.巧记顺口溜：取掉引号加if，陈述语序要记住，时态人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。3.直接引语是特殊疑问句：变为间接引语时，用它本身的疑问词引导。“Whatdoyouwant?heaskedme→HeaskedmewhatIwanted.巧记顺口溜：疑问词引导，陈述莫忘记，小心助动词，弃它最重要。4.直接引语是祈使句：变为间接引语时，句子的谓语动词要选用含有祈使句意义的动词，如tell,ask,order等，引语的动词改为不定式。如果祈使句是否定式，在动词不定式前加not.例如：“Stoptalking”themonitorsaidtotheclass.→Themonitortoldtheclasstostoptalking.“Don'ttakeoffyourcoat”shesaidtohersister.→Shetoldhersisternottotakeoffhercoat.巧记顺口溜：取掉引号要加to,tell/ask要记住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。直接引语变为间接引语的注意事项：1.人称变化：一主二宾三不变2.时态变化：如果主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，则从句可以用任何时态；如果主句是一般过去时，则从句用相应的过去的某个时态。如果所述的是科学真理、客观事实、格言等，间接引语中的时态无须改变。3.指示代词：this→thatthese→those4.时间状语：now→thentoday→thatdayyesterday→thedaybeforeago→beforetomorrow→thenextdaynextweek→thenextweek5.地点状语：here→there6.动词：come→gobring→take【中考实战演练】一、根据上句完成下句，每空一词，意思不能改变。１.“Howareyoufeelingnow?”ThedoctoraskedTom.(改为间接引语)ThedoctoraskedTomhow______feelingthen.２.Mothersaidtome,“Don’tgoaloneatnight.”(改为简单句)Mothertoldme_________goaloneatnight.\n３.“Iwillringyouuptomorrow”Hesaidtome.(间接引语)He_____mehe______ringmeupthenextday.４.Shesaid,“IhavebeentoBeijingtwice”Shesaidthat__________beentoBeijingtwice.５.Hesaid,“DidyouseeTomlastnight?”Heaskedme_____I___________Tom______night______.６.“Lighttravelsfasterthansound”Theteachersaid.Theteachersaidthatlight____fasterthansound.７.JohnaskedifIunderstoodwhatthemanwassaying.Johnasked,“_______you________whattheman________saying.８.Sheaskedwhenthesportsmeetingwouldbegin.Sheasked,“_____________thesportsmeeting_____?”９.FathertoldJoannottobelateforthemeeting.Fathersaid,“_____________lateforthemeeting,please.”10.“Iwillcomeherethisevening”shesaid.Shesaidthat____________evening.状语从句【名师点睛】用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。1.时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用由when,before,after(通常可转换为not...until),since（自从...以来，时态为主现从过）assoonas（一...就，时态为主将从现,when,until,after,before也有此用法),until/till(意为“直到”，主句通常为否定句)while(就在...时，常用进行时态)连词来引导。例如：Whenhefinishedhiswork,hetookashortrest.Itwasraininghardwhenwegottoschoolyesterday.WhenJohnarrived,Iwascookinglunch.Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.Whilemotherwascookinglunch,Iwasdoingmyhomework.Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，而用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态（即主将从现）。例如：I’llringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”,“在……以前不……”,谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：Let’swaituntiltherainstops.Hewon’tbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.Don’tgetoffuntilthebusstops.2.条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if,unless，aslongas（只要）等引导。例如：Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?Don’tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.Unlessyouhurry,you’llmisstheearlybus.(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态，即主将从现。例如：I’llhelpyouwithyourEnglishifamfreetomorrow.Hewon’tbelateunlessheisill.(3)祈使句+and/or+简单句(常用将来时),.在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句，通常可转换为If/Unless引导的条件状语从句。例如：Studyhard,andyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hurryup,oryouwillmisstheearlybus.→Unlessyouhurryup,you’llmisstheearlybus.=Ifyoudon’thurryup,misstheearlybus.3.原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由由because(因为)、since(既然)、as(由于)、for(由于)等引导。because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。for用来补充说明一种理由，For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如：Idecidedtostopandhavelunch,forIwasfeelingquitehungry.---Whyaren’tgoingthere?---BecauseIdon’twantto.Tomwaslateforschoolthismorningbecausehemissedtheearlybus.Ashehasnocar,hecan’tgetthereeasily.Sinceweareallhere,Let’sbegin.Because与so这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“BecauseJohnwasill,soItookhimtothedoctor.”这个句子应改为BecauseJohnwasill,Itookhimtothedoctor.或John\nwasill,soItookhimtothedoctor.。对because引导的原因状语从句提问时,特殊疑问词用why,然后转换为一般疑问句.如果主句是否定句,变为一般疑问句否定词要提前.例如：Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.→Whydidn’thecometoschool?4.结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由so...that或such..that(如此...以致)引导。其肯定形式通常可以转换为…enoughto;其否定形式通常转换too…to.也可由sothat(因此)引导。例如：I’msotiredthatIcan’twalkanyfarther.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldn’tseeit.一些重要句型转换：１)“so…that+否定句”与“too…to”的替换eg.Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.=Heistooyoungtogotoschool(主、从句主语相同)Heransofastthatwecouldn’tcatchupwithhim.=Herantoofastforustocatchupwith.(主、从句主语不同)TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit=Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.(注意carry后省去宾语it)2）“so…that+从句”与“enoughto”的替换eg.He’ssostrongthathecancarrythebox.=He’sstrongenoughtocarrythebox.2)ThequestionissoeasythatIcananswerit=Thequestioniseasyenoughformetoanswer(2)so…that语such...that可以互换。例如：在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词或副词连用。其结构是:“...so+形容词（副词）+that+从句”。例如：Hewassogladthathecouldn’tsayaword.Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-termexam.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.(3)如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时，只能用so,不用such。例如：Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.Hehassolittletimethathecan’tgotothecinemawithyou.5.比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由as…as（其否定式为notso...as）,比较级+than…等连词引导。例如：TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.Theworkisn’tsoeasyasIthought.这项工作比我想象得难。6.目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由sothat,inorderthat引导，sothat可以转换为inorderto或todosth.例如：Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.(2)sothat既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的状语从句)Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(结果状语从句)7.让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由although(though)(虽然),evenif/eventhough(即使),whatever/whenever/wherever/however/whoever(nomatter+疑问词）等引导。例如：AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.Johncontinuedtoworkhardevenifhefeltsick.(2)Though与but不能同时出现,二者只用其一.Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.Englishistoohard,butwecan’tdropit.8.地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：Gowhereyoulike.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.【中考实战演练】\n一.单项填空()1.Thetwinsistershavelearnedalot______theycametoChina.A.whenB.assoonasC.sinceD.after()2.Ican'tunderstandthispassage_____therearenonewwordsinit.A.ifB.becauseC.thoughD.and()3.Wewon'thavesupper______mybrothercomes.A.afterB.sinceC.whileD.until()4.---Ihopeyou’llenjoyyourtrip,dear!--Thankyou,mum.I’llgiveyouacall_________Igetthere.A.untilB.assoonasC.sinceD.till()5.---Doyouknowifhe_______toplaybasketballwithus?---Ithinkhewillcomeifhe______freetomorrow.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe()6.Johnfellasleep________hewaslisteningtothemusic.A.afterB.beforeC.whileD.assoonas()7.Wewillstayathomeifmyaunt________tovisitustomorrow.A.comesB.comeC.willcomeD.iscoming()8.Thepoliceaskedthechildren_______crossthestreet________thetrafficlightsturnedgreen.A.not;beforeB.don’t;whenC.notto;untilD.not;after()9.Iwaslateforclassyesterday_______therewassomethingwrongwithmybike.A.whenB.thatC.untilD.because()10.---Thisdresswaslastyear’sstyle.--Ithinkitstilllooksperfect______ithasgoneoutthisyear.A.sothatB.eventhoughC.asifD.eversince()11.Intheexam,the________youare,______the_______mistakesyouwillmake.A.careful;littleB.morecareful;fewestC.morecareful;fewerD.morecareful;less()12.Youshouldfinishyourlessons_______yougoouttopaly.A.beforeB.afterC.whenD.while()13.Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark_______youhaveanyquestions.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.though()14.Theteacherraisedhisvoice_______allthestudentscouldhearhim.A.forB.sothatC.becauseD.inorder()15.Itis______thatwe’dliketogooutforawalk.A.alovelydayB.toolovelyadayC.solovelyadayD.suchlovelyaday()16.Themountainwas______steep_____fewpeopleinourcityreachedthetop.A.so…asB.so…thatC.as…asD.too…to()17._______Ifeltverytired,Itriedtofinishthework.A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.AsD.Asif()18.Writetomeassoonasyou________toBeijing.A.willgetB.getC.gettingD.got()19.Marywillgo____aftershe____herhomework.A.shops,finishB.shopping,finishes()20.LiPinggivesmemorehelpthanWangLin____.A.isB.hasC.doesD.gives二.用所给词的正确形式填空：1.You____________(miss)thetrainifyoudon'thurry.2.I'llgivethenotetohimassoonashe________(come).3.We'llgototheparkifit__________(notrain)tomorrow.4.Jim_________(make)manyfriendssincehe_____(come)toChina.5.Youmaygoouttoplaywhenyourhomework_________(do).6.Hewon’tgotobeduntilhe_________(finish)hishomework.7.Whilemymother_________(watch)TV,I_________（cook）yesterday8.I___________(play)thecomputergameintheofficewhentheycamein.9.It________(be)nearlytwoyearssincewewenttothepartylast.10.Heishungry,becausehe________(nothave)hisbreakfastyet.11.WhenTom’smothercamehome,littleTom_______(cry)loudly.12.I________(notknow)ituntilyou________(tell)me.13.Whentheygottothetheatre,themovie______(be)onforaquarter.14.He________(be)bettertodaythanhe________(be)yesterday.15.Whatever________(happen),I________(be)onyourside.\n三.句型转换。1.IwenttobedafterIfinishedmyhomework.(同义句)I______gotobed______Ifinishedmyhomework.2.Jimdidn'tcometoschoolthismorningbecausehewasill.(划线提问)______________Jimcometoschoolthismorning?3.Heissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.(同义句)Heis_______young_______gotoschool.Heisn't_______old_______gotoschool.4.Studyharder,andyou'llcatchupwiththeothers.(同义句)____________studyharder,you'llcatchupwiththeothers.5.Hurryup,oryou'llmisstheearlybus.(同义句)____you____hurryup,you'llmisstheearlybus.6.Waterthetreesoften.theycangrowwell.(合成一句)Waterthetreesoften___________theycangrowwell.7.Wecan'tfinishtheworkifyoudon'thelpus.Wecan'tfinishthework__________help.8.Thewaterwassohotthatwecouldn'tdrinkit.(改为简单句)Thewaterwas______hotforus______drink.9.Myfatherwasveryangrywithme.Hecouldn'tsayaword.(改为复合句)Myfatherwas______angrywithme______hecouldn'tsayaword.10.WhenIsawTom.Igavethelettertohimatonce.(同义句)IgavethelettertoTom___________________Isawhim.11.WhenLilywassevenyearsold.Shecouldrideabike.(同义句)________________________seven,Lily___________________rideabike.12.Hedidn'tgotoschoolbecausehewasill.(同义句)Hedidn'tgotoschool________________hisillness.13.Ifyoudon'tstudyhard,you'llfallbehindtheothers.(同义句)_______you______hard,you'llfallbehindtheothers.14.It'sfiveyearssincemygrandfatherdied.(同义句)Mygrandfatherhas_________________forfiveyears.15.Thematchissoimportantthatyoucan'tmissit.(同义句)It's__________importantmatchthatyoucan'tmissit.17.ThestoneissoheavythatIcan’tliftit.(同义句)Itis_______heavystone_____Ican’tliftit.18.Mrs.SmithhastaughtinourschoolsincehecametoLanzhoulastyear.(划线提问)________hasMrs.Smithtaughtinyourschool?19.Jackwasveryangry.Hecouldn’tspeak.(合并为简单句)Jackwas_____angry____speak20.Hedidn’tcatchthelastbus,sohehadtogobackonfoot.(同义句)Hehadtowalkback_________he_______thelastbus.21.TherearemorepeopleinShanghaithaninTianjin.(同义句)The______________ofShanghaiis___________thanthatofTianjin.22.Weihuaisthetallestboyinhisclass.(同义句)WeiHuais______than________boyinhisclass.WeiHuais______than________boysinhisclass.______is________thanWeiHuaofalltheboysinhisclass.23.It’salongtimesincewemetlast.We____________eachotherforalongtimesincewemetlast.24.Wehavebeenhereforfouryears.It’sfouryears____we_____here.25.JapaneseisnotsopopularasEnglish.Japaneseis______popular_______English.26.Hehasmorestory-booksthanI.Ihaven't________manystory-books_______he.27.JaneprefersEnglishtomaths.SodoesAnn.________Jane________Ann________Englishbetterthanmaths.28.Theroomissosmallthatmyfamilycan'tliveinit.Theroomisn't__________________myfamily___livein.Theroomis______small________myfamily_______livein.29.LilywasborntenminutesearlierthanIwas.Iamtenminutes_______thanLily.30.LucyhasbeenawayfromtheUSAfor5years.It's5years______she______theUSA二.根据中文意思完成下列英语句子1.不管他跟我开什麽玩笑，我都不生气。Iamnotangrywithhim,____________________jokesheplaysonme.2.布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当做母亲。MrsBrucewas_______kindtoherstudents______theyregardherastheirmother.3.只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。Ourparentswillbepleasedwithourperformance________________wetryourbest.4.他长大后相当一名记者。Hewantstobeajournalist\n___________________________.5.李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。LiMingdidn’tcometoschool__________________________.定语从句【名师精讲】一.定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?1949wastheyearwhenthePeople’sRepubicofChinafoundedThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.I’vejustmetaladywhomIsawlastweek.Haveyouhadeverythingthatyouneed?HeisthelastpersonthatIwanttosee.Thehouseinwhichhelivesisveryold.Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslateforschool?二.关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell.2.作宾语：SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape”.3.作定语：关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.4.作状语：I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1、先行词指“人”的定语从句：由who（作主语）,whom（作宾语）,whose（作定语，修饰名词）和that(作主语或宾语)等关系代词引导。YaoMingisafamousbasketballplayerwhoisplayingintheNBA..ThesingerwhomIlikebestisJayChou.DoyouknowthesingerwhosenameisJack?2、先行词指“事或物”的定语从句：由which;that(作主语或宾语，作主语不可省，作宾语可省略)等关系代词引导。Chinaisacountrywhich/thathasalargepopulation.Themovie(which/that)wesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.3.由when;,where;why（作状语）等关系副词引导的定语从句。when用在表示时间的名词后面;where用在表示地点的名词后面；why用在原因的后面。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstmethim.Canyouremembertheplaygroundwhereweplayedbasketballlastwinter?ThisisthereasonwhyIwaslatethismorning.4.关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面。如：Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.四.具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1.只能使用that,不用which的情况：(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如：Allthathesaidistrue.Isthereanythingthatyoudon'tneed?(2)先行词被theonly,thelast,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.Xi'anisthelastcitythatIvisited.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.ThisisthemostbeautifulplacethatIhavebeento.\n(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatheremembered.(6)当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。如：whoisthemanthatopenedupthelab.2.只能用which，不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.(2)当关系代词作介词的宾语而且介词提到关系代词前面时，用“介词＋which”结构。例如：ThisistheschoolinwhichIstudiedtenyearsago.ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived=ThisisthehousewhichLuXunoncelivedin.=ThisisthehousethatLuXunoncelivedin3.定语从句可简化为短语(1)定语从句为被动语态时可简化为过去分词短语；定语从句为现在进行时可简化为现在分词短语。(1)定语从句的谓语(be)后是介词短语，可简化为介词短语作定语。(1)定语从句的谓语动词含情态动词，可简化为不定式。1)IboughtabookthatwaswrittenbyLuXun.=IboughtabookwrittenbyLuXun.2)Tellthechildrenwhoareplayingtherenottodothat.=Tellthechildrenplayingtherenottodothat.3)Thebookthatisonthetableismine.=Thebookonthetableismine.4)Wehavenothingthatweshouldfear.=Wehavenothingtofear.【中考实战演练】一.单项填空()1.TheSkirt_____sheiswearingisbeautiful.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.where()2.Mostpeople_____liveinlessdevelopedcountriesarequitepoor.A.whoB.whomC.whenD.which()3.Theyounglady____wemetyesterdayisourmathsteacher.A.whatB.whoseC.whomD.which()4.Thisisthecagein___Pollylives.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who()5.Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that()6.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?---Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which()7.Theman________coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.A.who'sB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich()8.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which()9.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when()10.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why()11.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which()12.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.ThatC.whoseD.which()13.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where()14.Thisisthehouse_______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where()15.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where()16.Helivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when()17.Themostimportantthing______weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing______Ihavesaid.A.which,thatB.that,whichC.which,whichD.that,that()18.Thisistheonlyoneofthesebooksthat______worthreading.A．hasB.haveC.isD.are()19.That’sall______Ihaveseenandheard.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.what()20.Heneverreadsanything______isnotworthreading.A.thatB.asC.whoD.which二.用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句1.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.2.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.\n3.Themanwavedtous.Themanwasmyuncle.4.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.5.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.三.句型转换：1.I'mreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates.(合并成一个含定语从句的复合句)Thebook______Iamreading______aboutBillGates.2.Thegirlinaredhatismysister.(改为同义句)Thegirl_____________aredhatismysister.3.ThemanwhoiswearingglassesstoleMrs.Green'snecklace.(对划线部分提问)_____________stoleMrs.Green'snecklace?4.Thisisthebook.Ilostitthreedaysago.(改为定语从句)Thisisthebook___I____threedaysago.5.Thisisthepresent.MygrandfathergavemeitforChristmas.(改为定语从句)Thisisthepresent___mygrandfather____meforChristmas.三.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1.Thehouse_______weliveinisverybig.2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday.4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.6.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim.7.Shewearsagoldring,_______isveryuncommoninourclass.8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.9.Isthistheplace_______yourfatheroncelived?10.I’llneverforgetthedays_______IjoinedtheLeague.(搜集整理：金塔三中九年级英语备课组张卫权2011-02-27)