高中英语语法：高中英语主谓一致详解 25页

在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。主谓一致\n一、语法一致原则语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall.Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago.Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.WhatIsayanddois（are）helpfultoyou.\n2.由连接词and或both……and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：LucyandLilyaretwins.SheandIareclassmates.Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews.BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.注意：（1）若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物或同一概念时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：Thewriterandartisthascome.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.（2）由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no，each，everymorethana（an）/one，manya（an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom.Noboyandnogirllikesit.\n3.主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，togetherwith，except，but，like，aswellas，ratherthan，morethan，nolessthan，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr.Green，togetherwithhiswifeandchildren，hascometoChina.NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.She，likeyouandTom，isverytall.\n4.either，neither，each，every或no+单数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Eachofushasanewbook.Everythingaroundusismatter.若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：Noneofushas（have）beentoAmerica.\n5.在定语从句时，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.6.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。如：ClassFourisonthethirdfloor.ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.注意：people，police，cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.\n7.由“alotof，lotsof，plentyof，therestof，themajorityof+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom.Therestofthelectureiswonderful.50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.注意：anumberof“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；thenumberof“……的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。\n8.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Therecomesthebus.Onthewallaremanypictures.Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.\n二、逻辑意义一致原则逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。1.what，who，which，any，more，all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Whichisyourbag？Whichareyourbags？Allisgoingwell.AllhavegonetoBeijing.   2.表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。如：Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.\n3.若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：“TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.   4.表数量的短语“oneandahalf”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式。如：Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.   5.算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelvepluseightistwenty.Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.\n6.一些学科名词是以–ics结尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics以及news，works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990.Ithinkphysicsisn‘teasytostudy.7.trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes，jeans等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a（the）pairof等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：Myglassesarebroken.Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.   8.“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。9.aircraft，deer，fish，means，species，series，works，sheep作主语时根据意义决定如：Thesheepisbig.Thesheepareeatinggrass.\n11.a(large)quantityof修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如：Alargequantityofpeopleisneededhere.注意：quantities一般用复数。如:Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.短语inquantity,inlargequantities意为“大量”;insmallquantities意为“少量”。10.population作主语时，谓语用单数，当涉及人口组成时，用复数。\n12.agreatdealof,alargeamountof修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;largeamountsof修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。如:Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.\n三、就近一致原则在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1.当两个主语由either……or，neither……nor，whether……or……，notonly……butalso连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends.Neithertheynorheiswhollyright.Isneitherhenortheywhollyright？\n2.therebe句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。如：Hereisamapandahandbookforyou.\n1.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts____causedhearinglossinsometeenagers.（2010湖南卷）A.isB.areC.hasD.have答案：C解析：根据动名词短语作主语，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除B、D两项，根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A项。高考解析\n2.SuchpoetsasShakespeare_____widelyread,ofwhoseworks，however,some____difficulttounderstand.（2010四川卷）A.are；areB.is；isC.are；isD.is：are答案：A解析：主句中的主语应为poets,谓语动词用复数，其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为someofwhoseworks，谓语动词也应是复数。故选A。\n3.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho____eveningdress.（2010全国Ⅱ卷）A.wearB.wearsC.haswornD.haveworn答案：B解析：首先theonlyoneof…为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是one，即one是主语，而非后面的复数women，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用复数，排除A，D。另外，从is可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在时，排除C，故选A。\nNobodybutBettyandMary____lateforclassyesterday．A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.havebeen2.Awomanwithsomechildren____soon．A.iscomingB.arecomingC.hascomeD.havecome3.Everything,includingtheclothes,____stolenthatevening.A.isB.wasC.areD.wereAABChoosethebestanswers.\n4.Nooneexceptmyparents____anythingaboutthis.A.knowB.knowsC.isknownD.areknown5.Theteacheraswellasthestudents____thebookalready．A.hasreadB.havereadC.arereadingD.isreading6.Allbutone____intheaccident．A.waskilledB.werekilledC.willbekilledD.arekilledABB\n7.Oneortwodays___enoughtoseethecity．A.areB.isC.amD.be8.NeithermywifenorImyself____abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind．A.isB.areC.amD.be9.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother．A.isB.areC.amD.be10.Nottheteacher,butthestudents____lookingforwardtoseeingthefilm．A.isB.areC.amD.beBCBB\n11.Theelderlywholosttheirchildreninthewar______goodcareofinthevillagenow. A.hasbeentakenB.weretaken C.havebeentakenD.willbetaken12.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks___tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered13.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory___yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecidedCAA\n14.Thenumberofpeopleinvited___fifty,butanumberofthem___absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were15.E-mail,aswellastelephones,___animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play16.____ofthelandinthatdistrict____coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;areCCA\n17.Noonebutherparents_____it. A.know           B.knowsC.isknowing      D.areknowing18.Theresultsoftheexamination___thatyouhaveallmadegreat_____. A.show;progress   B.shows;progressC.show;progresses D.shows;progresses19.Here_____anewpairofshoesforyou. A.is         Bare         C.have       D.hasBAA\n20.—How____yourfamily?—Verywell,thankyou.A.isB.areC.wasD.were21.Itissaidthatthegirlandherbrother_____fromAfrica.A.hascomeB.comes    C.comeD.hadcome22.Theteam_____solargethattherearenotenoughgiftsforallmembers. A.isB.areC.wasD.were23.“Ifanybody_______tobuythebook,pleaseputdown_______name,”saidthemothertohersons.   A.wants;hisB.want;their   C.willbuy;hisD.wants;theirBCAA