高中英语解题指导 10页

高中英语解题指导短文改错考查发现和纠正错误的能力。它是测试写作能力的一种客观方式。这种题型不仅要求能够牢固拿握一定的词汇和语法知识，还要求具有一•定的阅读理解和逻辑推理能力。考生在平时写作中常出现的错误是短文改错考查的重点。解题步月第一步：通读全文，了解大意。通过浏览全文，从宏观上把握文章的主旨、时态、人称，为下一步的纠错做好准备。第二步：逐句推敲，纠正错误。仔细阅读每个句子，同吋找出并纠正错误。第三步：重读全文，修正答案。重新仔细阅读全文，检查已修改的部分是否止确且符合逻辑，并尽可能发现漏掉的错误。应试策略做短文改错吋，应注意以下情况：1.看到平行结构时，要检查是否有用词不一致或成分缺失而引起的句了不平衡错误；2.看到转折、因果、对比等结构吋，要检查是否有行文逻辑方面的错误；3.看到多重结构句时，要检查是否有时态、语态、引导词或成分残缺等错误;4.看到名词、代词结构吋，要检查是否有数、格或指代不一致的错误；5.看到固定短语、词组吋，要检查副词、介词、冠词等是否有使用错误或缺失。考点归纳短文改错涉及面广，综合性强，但是有一定的规律性。一、冠词。主要考查冠词表示泛指、特指的用法及固定搭配中冠词的使用。1....andfishwascaught.（陕西2013）解：不定冠词。“一条龟被抓住了”。fish在本句屮是单数可数名词，是泛指,故在前面加不定冠词a。2.Asaresult,nobodyknewtruth.（浙江2012）解：定冠词the。此处指特定的真相，应在truth前加the。3.Inafact,heeven...（2013新课标全国I）解：infact是固定短语，应去掉a。二、名词。主要考查可数名词和不可数名词辨析、可数名词单复数等。\n1.Hehasruinedhishealthy.（辽宁2013）解：名词用法。his是形容词性物主代词，其后应接名词，故应将healthy改为healtho2.Hewastall,withbroadshoulderandabeard...（2013新课标全国I）解：名词单复数。“宽厚的肩膀”应用broadshoulders,将shoulder改为复数形式。三、动词。主要考查动词的时态、语态等。1.1wasonlyfourwhenshepassesaway.（2013新课标全国I）解：动词时态。主句是一般过去时，when引导的时间状语从句也应用一般过去时，故应将passes改为passedo2.TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.（2013新课标全国II）解:动词语态。tea与drink2.间是被动关系，用被动语态，将drank改为drunk□四、形容词、副词。主要考查形容词和副词的词性、比较级和最高级、动词-ing形式和动词・ed形式的形容词辨析等。1.Interesting,ithadaconnection...（2013新课标全国II）解：副词可以放在句首，用作状语修饰后而的整个句子，并用逗号与后而的句子分开，这里应将Interesting改为Interestingly,表示"有趣的是”。类似的副词述冇surprisingly,naturally,hopefully,normally等。2.1remembermygrandfatherverymuch.（2013新课标全国I）解：副词用法。这句话的意思是“我清楚地记得我的（外）祖父”。verymuch表示“很，非常”，不能用來修饰remember,应将much改为well或clearly□3....Iwasbeginningtogetimpatiently.（陕西2013）解：get在本句中是系动词，“达到某状态或情况；变得”，后应接形容词，应将impatiently改为impatient。4.1learnedearlyinlifethatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.（2012新课标全国）\n解：形容词比较级。and前是比较级，后面也应该是比较级，应将little改为lesso5.1amawfullytiring...（浙江2013）解：动词・ing形式和动词・ed形式的形容词辨析。由语境可知，本句的意思是“我非常累”,故应将tiring改为tired。五、代词。主要考查各类代词的用法及其误加与漏用。1.Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimselfapartfromothers...（2013新课标全国卷I）解：which指代的是voice,从句意为“声音将他和其他人区分开来”，从语意上看此处不需要使用反身代词，故应将himself改为him。2.Dadlosthisjob,andasMomexplained,"Hewasluckytofindotherone.”（浙江2013）解:other和another的区别。other表示“其他的,别的”，其后常接可数名词复数;another表示“另一个”，其后常接可数名词单数。此处表示“另一份工作"，故应将other改为anothero3.Wetookoursfishingpolesandheadedforthelake.（陕西2013）解：名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的区别。前者后而不接名词，后者后面接名词。本句小物主代词的后而有名词fishingpoles,故应将ours改为our。六、介词。考查介词意义、用法及固定搭配。1....ithadaconnectionbytheBritishporcelain（瓷器）industry.（2013新课标全国II）解：介词的用法。表示“和……有关系”用介词with或to。by表示“被；凭借；经由；由于”。故应将by改为with或to。2.Everyday,hespendstoomuchtimewithhiswork.（辽宁2013）解：固定搭配。spendtimewithsb./onsth.是固定搭配，故应将with改为on。七、连词。主耍从逻辑关系角度考查连词的谋用，或从成分缺失的角度考查连词的漏用。\n1.1wantedtogiveup,andmygrandfathertoldmetowaitalittlelonge匸（陕曲2013）解：连词的误用。“我想放弃”和“我的（外）祖父告诉我再等一会儿”Z间是转折关系，用and连接不符合逻辑关系，应将and改为but。1.Hehadadeepvoice,whichhewasstrongandpowerful.（2013新课标全国I）解：通过分析句子结构可知，这是一个并列句，且前一个分句中包含一个定语从句。两个分句Z间，即hewas而应加连词and。八、从句的引导词。主要考查从句引导词的误用。...betweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o9clockatnight.（2013新课标全国II）w：非限制性定语从句的引导词。逗号后而的部分是井限制性定语从句，修饰dinnero非限制性定语从句修饰物时关系代词用which不用that。2.Thatiswhichotherteacherssay.（辽宁2013）解：表语从句的引导词。表语从句屮的say缺少宾语，故应将which改为whato3.Butbeforelongtheybegantoseewhichwashappening.（2012新课标全国）解：宾语从句的引导词。宾语从句中缺少主语，应将which改为whato九、主谓一致。主要考查主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致性。1.Goodnightandremember,you,deardiary,ismyonlysouvenirfrommypastlifeandmyonlyfriend.（浙江2013）解：主语和谓语在人称上的一•致性。本句是由and连接的并列复合句，后一分句屮包含一个宾语从句。宾语从句的真正主语是you（deardiary是它的同位语,起解释说明的作用），其对应的谓语应该是are,故应将is改为are。2.Hardworkhavemadehimveryill.（辽宁2013）解：主语和谓语在数上的一致性。本句的主语Hardwork是不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数，应将have改为has。十、非谓语动词。\n1.Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridge...（2013新课标全国II）解：动词・ing形式短语作主语。provides在句中作谓语，其前面的部分是主语，应将Have改为Havingo2.Felthungry,webuiltafirebythelakeandbarbecuedthefish.（陕ittf2013）解：动词・ing形式短语作原因状语。we和feel是主谓关系，应将Felt改为Feelingo3.1alsoshared...myfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.（陕西2012）解：过去分词短语的用法。过去分词短语放在所修饰词后而，作用接近于一个定语从句。photos和take是被动关系，应将taking改为taken□十一、固定搭配或习惯用法。1.Sheusedtoholdingmeonherkneesandsingoldsongs.（2013新课标全国I）解：usedtodosth.固定搭配，过去的状态、习惯做法或习俗，应将holding改为holdo容易混淆：beusedtodosth.某物被用来干某事；beusedtodoingsth.习惯干某事。2.Tomakemattersbad,nowIhavetosharearoomwithmyyoungersister,Maggie.（浙江2013）解：tomakemattersworse固定短语，"更为糟糕的是”，放句首作状语。3....whenthingsdidwrong,Igotangry...（2012新课标全国）解：gowrong是固定搭配，“出错”，故应将did改为went或在did后加go。很多东西看似复杂，但只要找到其屮的规律就会发现还是很容易的。短文改错题亦是如此。相信认真读完这篇解题指导后定能够更快更准地解答这一题型。真题自测DearDiary,HereIaminthemiddleofacity,350milesfarawayfromourfarmhouse.Doyouwanttoknowwhywemovelastweek?DadlosthisjobandasMomexplained,"Hewasluckytofindotherone.95HisnewjobmeantIhadtosaygoodbye\ntomyclassmate,myschool,orjusteverythingelseIloveintheworld.Tomakemattersbad,nowIhavetosharearoomwithmyyoungersister,Maggie.Tomorrowisfirstdayofschool.Iamawfullytiring,butIknowIwillneverfallsleep.Goodnightandrememberyou,deardiary,ismyonlysouvenirfrommypastlifeandmyonlyfriend.1.far去掉（far已被35（）miles代替了）2.move—moved（lastweek,过去式）3.otheranother（a另一个”,用another;other"其他的”）4.classmateclassmates5.or—and（并列，不是选择）6.bad-*worse（tomakemattersworse是同定短语）7.在first前加上my/the8.tiring-*tired（人用tired;tiring指物）9.sleepasleep（形容词作表语,fallasleep睡着）10.is-^are（you,deardiary,ismyonlysouvenir...friend作remember白勺宾语，主语是you;deardiary是you的同位语；myonlysouvenir是表语.此句的be动词应跟主语you相一致，用are.）练习文中共有1（）处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（/\）,并在其下而写岀该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下而写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错谋及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（第11处起）不计分。AMyuncleabsolutehatedhiswife'scatanddecidedtogetridofhimonedaybydrivinghim20blockfromhishomeandleavinghimatthepark.Asshewasgettinghome,thecatwaswalkingupthedriveway・Thenextdayhedecidestodrivethecat40blocksaway・Heputthecatoutandheadedhome.Drivebackuphisdriveway,therewasthecat!Atthelasthedecidedtodrivefarawayuntilhereachedthathethoughtwasasafedistancefromhishomeandleftthecatthere・Hourslatehecalledhiswife,"Jen,isthecatthere?'9"NoJhiswifeanswered・Thenhesaid,"Puthimon\nthephone.Ilostwayandneeddirections!^Keys：1.absolutefabsolutely2.block〜blocks3・she—he1.decides—decided2.Drive—Driving3.（Atthelast）去掉the4.（hereachedthathe）that—what5.late—later6.No—Yes7.way前加myBIcanneverforgetthedaythenIwenttohaveapianotest.Unluckily,anexaminerwhoappearedratherseriousandstrictwassittingintheroom.Knownthatmanystudentshadfailedthetest,IfelttoonervousthatIwonderedwhetherIcouldpassit.Thenitwasmyturnsandmyheartalmostskippedabeat.However,whenenteringtheroom,itsuddenlyoccurstomethatIcouldtakethisasarareandpreciouschancetochallengeme.Verytomysurprise,theteacher,satisfyingwithmyperformance,gavemehighmarks.Whateverwefacewith,weshouldtryourbesttohandleit.OnlydoingthiscanwesucceedintheenclKeys：1.then〜when或去掉then2・Known—Knowing1.too—so2.turns—turn5・occursfoccurred6・(tochallengeme)me〜myself7.Very〜Much8・satisfying—satisfied9.(wefacewith)去掉with10.Only后加bycIsonlinereadinggoodtous?Opinionsdiffer.Defendersinsistonlinereadingcanarousestudents^interestsinreading・Also,theInternetoffersmuchwidechoicesthanpaperbooks.Critics,thus,holdtheoppositeopinions.Theysaythoughonlinereadinghasbeenmakingmoreinterestingbycartoonsorpictures,thisisnotreallyreading.What^smore,manymaterialsthatareofferedontheInternetdoesnogoodtoyoungreaders.Finally,exposedtothecomputerscreenforlongharmsoureyes.IthinkparentsshouldchooseproperbooksforyouandIalsosuggestparentstohelpus\nformthehabitofcriticalreading.Keys:1・to—for2.interestsfinterest3・wide—wider2.thus—however3.making—made6・really—real7.does—do&exposed前力[]being9・(booksforyou)you—us10....suggestparentsto...去掉to或tofshould或suggestfadviseDThismorning,Igotothestorenearmyhometodosomeshopping.IgaveaviolentlycoughwhileIwaswalkingdownthepassage.Thewomanstandingnexttomewassoshockingthatsheconsequentlydroppedajarofoil.Forthatverymoment,agirlwaswalkingby.Sheslippedontheoil,fellontothebrokeglassandhitherheadonthefloor.Afterawhile,therewerebloodpourdownherface.Ifeltreallyguiltyandsentthegirltothenearesthospitalwithoutthedelay.Thedoctorexaminedherwoundcarefully.Tomyrelief,itwasnotserious.Thegirlhadalittlesmileonherfacebeforethedoctordressedwound・Keys：1.go〜went2.violently〜violent3.shocking—shocked4.For—At5・broke—broken4.were—was5.pour—pouring6.(withoutthedelay)去掉the7.before—after8.wound前加the或herECanyouimaginewearaprettysweatermadeofgarbage?Itcouldnothappen!Afewcompaniesacrossthecountryaremakingclothesfromthingsthosearethrownawaybypeople・Forexample,thecompanymakessweatersfromoldplasticbottles.First,thebottlesarecutintosmallpiece・Thepiecesaremelted.Thenthemeltingplasticismadeintolongandthinthreads.Thethreadsareusedtomakingsweaterswhichareverysoftandlight.Believeitnot,thesesweaterssellwellinspiteofthefact\nthattheyarenotexpensiveatall.Manypeoplethinkthattheserecycledclothescanhelpuscutupongarbage.Keys:1.wear—wearing2.去掉not3.those—that/which4・(thecompanymakes)thefa2.piece—pieces3.meltingfmelted4.making—make5.(Believeitnot)not前加or6.expensive—cheap7.up—downOnceRabbitdeclaredloudlythathewasthefastest.ThinkingwhatRabbitwastooproud,Frogwasannoyinganddecidedtoteachhimalesson.HechallengedRabbitforaracethroughsomethickgrassdowntothetownpond・Rabbitdisagreed.Onthedayoftherace,Frogplayedwithatrick・Manyofhisfrogfriendshidinthethickgrass,onebigjumpapartfromoneanother.Rabbitranasfasterashecouldthroughthegrass,andnomatterhowfastheran,Frogwasalwaysonejumpaheadofhim.BythetimeRabbitgottoapond,hewasrunningfasttostop.Hefellrightintothepond,justasFrogjumpedupfrombehindarockandshouted,Twasthewinner!^Keys:1.what—that或去掉what2.annoying〜annoyed3.(forarace)for—to4.disagreed—agreed5.(playedwith)去掉with6.faster—fast7.(andnomatter)and—but8.(gottoapond)a—the9.fast前加too10.was〜amUntilthemiddleofthe19thcentury,onlywomenwerepermittedtobecomedoctors.AdeterminingwomannamedElizabethBlackwellthoughtthatisunfairandchangedthecourseofhistory.BlackwellwasborninEnglandin1821,andthenmovedtotheU・S・withherfamily.Whenhewas23,Blackwelldecidedtobecomeadocto匸Sheappliedmanymedicalschools,butwastold"no"againandagain.Finally,threeyearslate,asmallschoolacceptedhe匚Shestudiedhardlyandgraduatedattheheadofherclass.Beforeshehadhermedicaldegree,Blackwellcared\nformanypatients・Sheevenopenedaspecialhospitalforthewomenandchildren.Afterwards,shemovedbacktoEnglandandhelpedwomentherebreakupthemedicalfield.Keys:1.women—men2.determining—determined3.(thatisunfair)is—was4.(hewas23)he—she5.applied后加to6.lateflater7.hardlyfhard8.Before—After9.(forthewomen)去掉the10.upinto