高中英语副词考点 8页

副词副词时指在句中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。一．副词的分类1．时间副词表示时间的副词成为时间副词nowthenjustnowrightnownowandthensoonsinceagotodaylateimmediately2.地点副词表示地点的副词成为地点副词herethereinoutdowninsideoutsideupstairsbackindoorsoutdoorsfar3.方式副词描述动词发生的方式成为方式副词wellfasthardslowlycarefullysimplykindlytogethersuddenly4.程度副词用来描述动词、行为或状态程度的副词成为程度副词。muchlittleveryenoughhardlyextremelyentirelyabitsotoorathernearly5.频度副词频度副词主要指一定时间内动词发生的次数usuallyoftensometimesneveralwaysforeverconstantlyfrequently6.评论副词用来对句中陈述的观点进行评价的副词luckilyhappilygenerallyhonestlybrieflyhopefullybroadlynaturally7.关系副词主要用来引导定语从句wherewhenwhy8连接副词主要用来连接句子和从句therefore因此(表结果)moreover再者(表补充)besides况且(表补充)however不管怎样(表转折)otherwise否则(表条件)then然后(表时间)though但是(用于句尾，前用逗号隔开)whenwherewhywheneverhoweverwherever二．副词的句法功能想一想，副词在下列句中的成份Heworksveryhardonhissubject._______________ShespeaksEnglishverybeautifully.________________Iamverybusythesedays.______________________Luckily,shehadgotanotherchance._________________\nWhenthemeetingisover,givemeaphonecall.___________________Sorry,Ihavetobeoffnow._____________________Whoisthepersonoverthere.____________________Thepeoplethereareverykindtovisitors.____________________Studentsoutdoorsareplayingfootball.____________________Letthemin.__________________Wesawherofftwodaysago.____________________注意：a>有些副词可以修饰名词，用以加强语气，相当于状语。常用的这类副词有quite,rather,even.Weheldquiteapartylastweekend.Evenachildwon’tbelievesuchastoryyoutold.b>有些副词可修饰部分不定代词和数词。常用的副词有nearly/almost/roughly/mostlyNearlyanyonepresentatthemeetingwasanexpertonSARS.Ilearntthreeforeignlanguagesatcollege,butnowIhaveforgottenalmostallofthem.三．副词的位置1.地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句末I’llmeethimatthestationtomorrow.(时间副词)注意：有事为了强调时间也把时间放在句首Tomorrow,I’llmeethimatthestation.Theboydidthehomeworkquickly.(方式副词)Thestudentsallworkedwelllastweek.2.频度副词在句中的位置有以下几种①．在be、情态动词以及第一个助动词之后Sheisalwayskindtous.Theworkhasneverbeendone.(频度副词never放在第一个助动词之后)②在实义动词之前Heoftengoestoschoolearly.3.程度副词有下面两种情况①修饰动词时，它在句中的位置与频度副词的情况相似Heisalmostfortyyearsold.(在be之后)Hecanhardlyunderstandyou.(在情态动词之后)\nIreallyliketheboy.(在实以动词之前)②修饰形容词、副词时，放在他们的前面Hestudiesmuchhardernow.Herunsfastenough.(思考这句话)注意：enough是例外，其既可以是形容词也可是副词。当enough作形容词来修饰名词或代词时，是正常语序(前后都可)：Ihaveenoughmoneytobuyahouse.但当enough作副词来修饰动词、形容词、副词时，要后置。Thebookiseasyenoughforkidstoread.四．副词的排序1.时间、地点副词地点+时间Ihavegonenowhererecently,forIamsobusy.2.方式副词，短的在前长的在后。用and、but等连词连接Pleasewriteslowlyandcarefully.3.多个不同的副词排序：程度+地点+方式+时间;注意：very可以修饰形容词，但不能够修饰动词。IverylikeEnglish.(错误的)IlikeEnglishverymuch.五．副词的比较级和最高级1.副词的比较级、最高级的变法和形容词的比较级、最高级的变法基本相同。参见形容词。2.副词最高级前一般不加定冠词theHedidbestinEnglishofall.3.不规则变化原级wellbadlylittlemuchfar比较级betterworselessmorefarther/further最高级bestworstlestmostfarthest/furthest4.比较级的用法①．原级。“as……as……”句型，其用法与形容词一致IlovemusicasmuchasBettydoes.Youshouldcomeasearlyasyoucan.Shecan’tusethecomputerso/aswellasyou.Shedoesn’tdressso/asstrangelyastheothergirls.②．比较级。a>“比较级+than”句式Shecomesherelessoftenthanbefore.Carsareusedmoretodaythanbefore.b>nomorethan与notmorethan\n(a)如果对数量进行比较，nomorethan表示“仅仅，只不过”，含有感情色彩，认为较；而notmorethan只表示“至多，不超过”，客观的表达数目。、IhavelearntnomorethanathousandEnglishwords.Theboyisnotmorethantenyearsold.(b)如果用于两者之间进行比较的，“话no+比较级+than”表示“都不，是对两者的共同否定；而“not+比较级+than”表示前者不如后者，隐含对前者的否定对后者的肯定。SheisnoclevererthanI.Myhandwritingisnotbetterthanyours.c>比较级+and+比较级表示“越来越……”Thingsaregettingbetterandbetter.Sheplaysthepianomoreandmorebeautifully.d>the+比较级，the+比较级Theharderyouwork,thebetteryou’lllearn.Themoreyoutalktothechildren,thelesstheywilllisten.5.最高级的用法与形容词的最高级用法一致，参见形容词Hetalks(the)lestanddoes(the)mostinhisclass.Ofalltheclasses,IlikeEnglish(the)best六．有两种形式的副词1.close与closelyClose意思是“近”；closely意思是“仔细地”Heissitting_________tome.Watchhim______________.2.latelatelyLate意思是“晚”；lately意思是“最近”Youhavecometoo_______Whathaveyoubeendoing________?3.deepdeeplydeep意思是“深”，表空间深度；deeply表示感情上的深度，“深深地”、Hepushedthestick__________intothemud.Evenfartherwas________movedbythefilm.4.highhighlyHigh表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于muchTheplanewasflying__________Hethinks__________ofyou.\nSpeakhighlyofSb.对某人评价很高5.widewidelyWide表示空间宽度；widely表示“广泛地”，“在许多地方”Heopenedthedoor___________.Englishis_________usedintheworld.6.freefreelyFree的意思是“免费地”；freely意思是“无限制地”Youcaneat_________inmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.Youmayspeak_______;saywhatyoulike.七．常用副词辨析1.howlonghowsoonhowoftenhowfarHowlong”多久，时间长”，对一个持续时间段的提问，常用“for+时间段”和“since+时间点”HowlonghaveyoubeeninChina?--------ForthreemonthsHowsoon“多快，多久以后“，对一个短暂性动作提问，用于一般将来时的句子中，常用“in+一段时间”回答Howsoonwillhecomeback?--------Infivedays.Howoften“多长时间一次”，对频度提问，常用“once,twice,threetimesaweek”回答Howoftendoyouvisityougrandparents?-------Onceaweek.Howfar“多远”，对距离提问Howfarisitfromyourhometoyourschool?2.hardhardlyHard意为“努力地、辛苦地、剧烈地、猛烈地”，是程度副词；hardly意为“几乎不”，是否定副词Weshouldstudyhardasstudents.Icanhardlycatchupwithyou.Canyoutalkalittlemoreslowly?3.muchtootoomuchMuchtoo意为“非常，极其，太”，much和too都是副词，much修饰too用以加强语气，中心词是too，muchtoo修饰形容词或副词原级；toomuch意为“太多”，中心词是much，too修饰much，以加强语气，toomuch修饰不可数名词，与toomany相对，toomany修饰可数名词。Theskirtis____________dear.Pleasedon’teat__________icecream.Itisbadforyourhealth.Thereare______________peopleinthesupermarket.\n4.tooaswellalsoeither“也”too、aswell和also用于肯定句，too和aswell多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般在句中与动词连用。Either用于否定句，往往放在句末。Iwentthere,too.Hedidn’tgothere,either.Ilikeyouaswell.Ialsowentthere.5.too、enough、和soToo意为“太、很”，用于“too……to……”结构，表示否定意义“太……而不能……”Enough意为“足够”，用于“形容词/副词原级+enoughto……”结构，表示“足够能……”So意为“如此”，用于“so……that……”结构中，表示“如此……以至于……”Themanistoooldtolookafterhimself.Theboyrunsfastenoughtowinthegame.ThecameraissoexpensivethatIcan’taffordit.6.alreadyyetstillAlready表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待发生某事，主要用于否定句和疑问句；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句个疑问句，有时也用于否定句。Wehavealreadywatchedthatfilm.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Hestillworksuntillateeverynight.7.agobeforeAgo表示以现在为起点的“以前”，和表示时间概念的词组搭配使用，常用在一般过去时的句子中；before是指以过去或将来某个时间点为基准的“以前”，也可泛指以前，常用于现在完成时、过去完成时和一般过去时的句子里。Themeetingbeganfiveminutesago.IhaveneverbeentoSuzhoubefore.扩展：时间段+ago表示“多久以前；”时间段+later表示“多久以后”Longlongago,therewasakingnamedArch.Threeyearslater,shebecameaverysuccessfulsingingstar.8．Ratherfairly两词都有“相当”的含义，前者可以修饰褒义词或贬义词，或者只修饰褒义词Thebookisrathereasyforthechildrenof10.Thebookisfairlyeasyforthechildrenof10.\n9.almostnearly“几乎，差不多”①一般情况下，在修饰表示肯定意义的词时，在all、always、every等词之前，两者可以互换。Inearly/almostfeeloffmybike.Timeisalmost/nearlyup.Sheisalmost/nearlyalwaysathomeintheevening.②．Almost可以与never、nobody、nothing、no、none、too、morethan等词连用，nearly不可Thespeakersaidalmostnothingworthlisteningto.Ourcatunderstandseverything----heisalmosthuman.Thisisalmostmorethanwefeared.③nearly可被very、pretty或not前置修饰，almost则不可Iamnotnearlyready.Shelookslikehermotherverynearly.10.perhapslikelymaybepossiblyprobably“或许、可能”①perhaps意为“也许、可能”，与maybe的意思和用法基本相同。口语化较浓，语气较弱，可能性也非常小。Perhaps/Maybetomorrowtheweatherwillturnouttobefine.②possibly“可能、也许”，强调客观存在的可能性，并带有可能性很小的意味常与may、might或can、could。Whathesaidmaypossiblybetrue.IwillcomeassoonasIpossiblycanYoucan’tpossiblywalk20milesinanhour.He’spossiblythemostselfishmanintown.③probably“也许、大概”，强调合情、有根据，常有可能性很大的意味，语气比possibly强，常用more、most修饰，不可用very修饰，也不能用于can、could、may、might等情态动词后Jonemostprobablytoldhisfartherallaboutthematter.Heusuallytellshimeverything.④likely侧重从表面看来，很有可能，常与probably混用，但likely既可作形容词，也可作副词，可用very、more、most修饰。They’llverylikelycomebycar.Ishallmostlikelybeathomealldaytomorrow.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout__41___(be)lateforschool.\nThereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,___42____someofthemlookedveryanxiousand___43__(disappointingly).whenthebusfinallycame,weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplace____44___(closely)tothewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.Aboyonabike____45___(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused____46___(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.Still,theboykept____47___(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.Finally,whenwecametothenextstop,theboyranupthedoorofthebus.Iheardanexcitingconversation.Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,“____48___anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”Awomanonthebusshouted,“Oh,dear!It‘s____49___(I)”.Shepushedherwaytothedriverandtookthesuitcase50(thankful),Fiveothersonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddoneandthecrowdofstrangerssuddenlybecamefriendlytooneanother.第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Mydreamschoolstartsat8:30a.mandendsat3:30p.m.Theyarethreelessoninthemorningandtwointheafternoon.Wedidn’tneedtodosomanyhomework.Therefore,wehavemoretimewithafter-schoolactivities.Forexample,wecandoreadingforoneandahalfhourandplaysportforonehoureveryday.Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroom,buildings.Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,satbythelakelisteningmusic.Theteachersherearekindandhelpfully.Theyarenotonlyourteachersbutalsoourfriends.您好，欢迎您阅读我的文章，本WORD文档可编辑修改，也可以直接打印。阅读过后，希望您提出保贵的意见或建议。阅读和学习是一种非常好的习惯，坚持下去，让我们共同进步。