高中英语总复习 35页

语法总复习1.关系代词、关系副词关系代词、关系副词作用先行词例句that,who,whom（只作宾语）主语、宾语、表语人Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatoftencomesheres?Who’stheboy(whom/that)youjustreferredto?that,which主语、宾语、表语物、时间、地点、原因Adictionaryisabookthat/whichgivesthemeaningsofwords.Theschool(that/which)wevisitedyeaterdayisafamousoneinShanghai.I’llneverforgetthedays(that/which)wespenttogether.whose定语人Thestudentwhosewindowisopen/,ofwhichthewindowisopen/,thewindowofwhichisopen,isours.Whose或ofwhichthen.或then.ofwhich定语物Thehousewhosewindowisopen/,ofwhichthewindowisopen/,thewindowofwhichisopen,isourswhen或in/on/at/during+which状语时间Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichyouwereborn.where或in/at/on/to+which状语地点Thisistheplacewhere/inwhichsheworked.why或forwhich或that或不用状语原因Don’tyouknowthereasonwhy(forwhich/that)hewaslate?当way（方式；方法）作先行词时，关系副词不用how，而用that或inwhich,或省略。Thisistheway(that/inwhich)heworkedouttheproblem.在限制性定语从句中，that常可替代who,whom,whichShe’sthegirl(who/whom/that)wealllike.关系代词在限制性定语从句中，作宾语时，常可以省略Thetrain(which/that)hewantedtotakehadjustleftforBeijing.用that不当先行词为all,much,many,little,few,none,something,everything,anything,nothing,one,Imeantheone(that)youboughtyesterday.35\n用whichneither等不定代词时当先行词为数词或序数词、形容词的最高级或thevery,theonly,thelast,thenext,all,few等所修饰时Lookatthoseflowers.Youcanseethetwo(that)yougaveme.It’sthemostimportanttaskthatshouldbefinishedsoon.当先行词在句中作表语或关系代词在从句中作表语时Maryisthegirl(that)Tomlovedsomuch.She’snolongerthegirlthatshewasyearsago.当先行词既有人又有物时Wetalkedabouttheschoolandtheteachers(that)wehadvisited.用which不用that当先行词为that时What’sthatwhichyousawjustnow?当关系代词后面带有插入语时HereistheEnglishbookwhich,asItoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.当关系代词之前有介词时ThisisthehouseinwhichPremierZhouworked.在非限制性定语从句中Themeeting,whichwasheldinourschool,wasagreatsuccess.关系代词as引导限制性定语从句，用于such(…)as,thesame(…)as或asmany/much…as等结构中引导非非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句；从句可用于主句前、主句中、主句后（as可改which用）；as在从句中作主语时，若从句为被动结构或系表结构，则不用which；当从句为主谓结构时，用which作从句主语，不用asDon’ttalkaboutsuchthingsasyoudon’tunderstand.Don’tworkwithsuchyoungmenasdon’tworkhard.Bobsawthegirl,as/whichhehopedhewould.Aswecansee,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.Hecamelateagain,aswasexpected.Itwasraininghard,whichkeptusindoors.当reason作先行词时，后面定语从句的关系副词用why，也可用关系代词that，或不用关系词。Thereason(why/that)IplantogoisthatshewillbedisappointedifIdon’t.Multiplychoice:1.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,___,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whichB.whoC.thisD.what2.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltown___hegrewupasachild.35\nA.whichB.whereC.thatD.when3.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it4.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson___shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhoD.towhom5.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,___ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis6.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears__Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,___hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that,whichB.when,whichC.which,thatD.when,who7.___isknowntoall,Chinawillbean__pwerfulcountryin20or30years’time.A.That;advancingB.This;advancedC.As;advancedD.It;advancing8.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.,___manypeoplehavegothome.A.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich9.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,___personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which10.All___isneededisasupplyofoil.A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which11.MrChenwillneverforgetthedays__hespentwithhisstudents.A.whichB.onwhichC.duringwhichD.when12.Bettytoldus__shehaddone.A.thatB.thatallC.allthatD.whatall13.Thebuilding__topisflatinourschoollibrary.A.whichB.whoseC.ofwhichD.its14.Thereareforty-eightstudentsinourclass,one-thirdof__aregirls.A.themB.whichC.whoD.whom15.Rosewillgiveyousuchinformation__willhelpyou.A.asB.thatC.itD.which16.Bobwastheonlypassenger__wassavedintheancident.A.whoseB.whomC.thatD.which17.Mr.WanghasagoodknowledgeofEnglish,__helpshimalotinhiswork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.it18.Aliceisoneofthegirls__therebefore.A.whohasbeenB.thathasbeenC.whohavebeenD.thathavebeen19.Who__knowhimwouldbelieveiohim?A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom20.Mr.Huangistheperson__youcanaskforhelp.A.whomB.whoseC.fromwhomD.withwhom21.MrHillhastwosons,both__workinGuangdong.A.ofthemB.ofwhichC.ofwhoD.ofwhom22.Itistheyoungman__lookedfor__caughtthethief.A.that,theyB.they,thatC.they,whichD.that,who23.Thisisthelargestclockintheworld,__theminutehandissixmetreslong.A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.where24.October1,1949istheday__theChinesepeoplewillneverforget,__thePRCwasfounded.A.when,whenB.when,whichC.when,thatD.which,when35\n25.Thereason__Iplantogois__shewillbedisappointed__Idon’t.A.because,that,ifB.whey,that,whetherC.that,that,ifD.why,because,when26.There’snotmuch__canbedone.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.forwhich27.Isthismagazine__youboughtfromthereading-roomyesterday?A.thatB.whichC.whatD.theone28.__shecoulddowastosendforthedoctor.A.AllB.AllwhatC.WhichD.Everythingwhich29.__isknowntoallthatChinaisadevelopingcountry.A.ItB.Whatc.AsD.Which30.Theboysaidnothing,__madeherveryangry.A.itB.thatC.whichD.what31.Thereare107knownelements,__metals.A.whichareB.mostofwhichareC.mostofthemareD.mostofwhichis32.Thesubject__I’mmostinterestedisChiese.A.thatB.whichC.inthatD.inwhich33.I’llneverforgettheday__IjoinedtheParty.A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.onwhich34.Ihungthepictureonthewall__canbeseenwell.A.whichB.whereC.whereitD.sothat35.Themanandhishorse__fellintotheriverweresavedbythepolice.A.whoB.whatC.thatD.which36.Idon’tthinkthenumberofpeople__thishappenedwaslarge.A.whoB.ofwhichC.whomD.towhom37.Thisisthefactory__MrBlackworkedfiveyearsago.A.whichB.thatC.inthatD.where38.MrKingisaman__.A.youcandependonB.whomyoucanddependC.onwhomyoucandependD.onwhichyoucandepend39.Thisisthegirl__motherwe’rejustbeenspeaking.A.whoB.ofwhoseC.whoseD.ofwhom40.Sheheardanoise,__broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thatD.what41.Idon’tlike__youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich42.Football,__isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.A.thatB.whichC.itD.who43.Thisisthebestbook__I’veeverbought.A.withwhichB.thatC.whichD.when44.Canyoutellmethenameofthefactory__youvisitedlastweek?A.whatB.whereC./D.when45.I’mvisitingtheschool__mymothertaughtphysicstenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what46.Tenyearsago,mymothertaughtphysicsintheschool__I’mvisiting.A.whereB.thatC.whatD.why47.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof__hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.35\nA.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which48.Someoftheboyswhom__didn’tcome.A.IinvitedthemB.IinvitedC.IinvitethemD.Iinvite49.Thedaywillcome__thepeopleallovertheworldwillwinliberation.A.thatB.whereC.howD.when50.AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown__hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when1.TheEnglishplay___mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich2.GeorgeOrwell,___wasEricArthur,wortemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealname3.Anyway,thatevening,___I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which4.___isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As5.Canyouthinkoutasituation___thisidiomcanbeused?A.whichB.thatC.whereD.withwhich6.Thereisamountain___thetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.,whoseD.that7.Heisthemanofrichexperience,___muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.itC.fromwhomD.fromwhich8.___isknowntoeverbody,TaiwanisapartofChina.Wemustunifyit.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What9.Ishallneverforgettheday___ShenzhouVwaslaunched,___hasagreateffectonmylife.A.when;whichB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;that10.Thestoriesaboutthissecretperson,___thisisoneexample,arewidelyspreadamongpeople.A.aboutwhichB.ofwhichC.whichD.fromwhich11.Ihopethatthelittle___Ihavebeenabletododoesgoodtothemall.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.when12.I’llshowyouastore___youmaybuyall___youneed.A.inwhich;thatB.where;whichC.which;thatD.that;that13.Itwasinthelab___wastakenchargeofbyProfessorZhang___theydidtheexperiment.A.where;thatB.which;whichC.that;whereD.which;that14.HearrivedinNewYork,___,sometimelater,hebecameawriter.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which15.Itwasanewspaperofanewtype,___hadneverbeforeexistedinthehistoryofthelab.A.whatB.suchasC.thatD.it16.Thereisnosuchplace___youdreamofinallthisworld.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.as17.Ishallneverforgetthosedays___Ilivedinthearmywiththesoldiers,___hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;whichB.when;whichC.when;thatD.which;that18.Shewasverykindtowardsthechildren,___herhusbandseldomwas.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.and19.MrsBlacktookthepolicebackto___place___shewitnessedtherobbery.A.thesame;asB.thesame;whereC.thesame;thatD.asthesame;as20.Let’sputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek,___theweathermaybebetter.35\nA.asB.thenC.ifD.when21.Nobreadeatenbymanissosweetas___earnedbyhisownlabor.A.whatB.thatC.suchD.theone22.Governmentreports,legalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituations___Englishisused.A.whenB.thatC.howD.where23.Thereason___shegivesfornotcomingtothepartyisthathermotherwon’tlether.A.whatB.whyC.asD.which24.Theartist___theJudgegaveaprizeistheteacher___Ihavebeentaughtpaintingfortwoyears.A.fromwhom;bywhomB.towhom;whoC.fromwhom;whoD.towhom;bywhomName:______________Date:____________________第三讲倒装1．完全倒装（1）用于therebe句型例如：Therearemanystudentsintheclassroom.（2）用于here,there,now,then等开头的句子中或以out,in,up,down,away等副词开头的句子中，若表示强调，且句子的主语是名词时，则句子要用完全倒装语序。例如：Theregoesthebell.Nowcomesyourturn.Outwentthestudents.(但代伺作主语时不倒装)例如：Herehecomes.Hereitis.（3）当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，要全部倒装。Southofthecityliesabigstillfactory.（4）为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语可倒装。例如：Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.Insidethepyramidsaretheburialroomsforthekingsandqueens.（5）以as引导的让步状语从句，其表语就提到句首，其余部分不变。如果从句的表语是个名词时，要把名词前的冠词去掉。Eg.Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.2.部分倒装（1）用于疑问句和省略if的虚拟条件状语从句。例如：Hadyoureviewedyourlessons,youmighthavepassedtheexamination.WereIyou,Iwoulddotheworkbetter.(2)用于nosooner…than…,hardly…when…,neither…nor…和notuntil…句型中。Notuntiltheteachercame，didhefinishhishomework.Nosoonerhadhefinishedthetalkthanamanstoodupandputforwardaquestion.NeitherdidIknowthisnordidIwantto.注意：notuntil…句型中前面的从句不倒装，全面的主句采用部分倒装。(3)否定意义的副词never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,little,often,atnotime,notonly,notonce位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。35\n例如：NevershallIdothisagain.Littledidheknowwhothewomanwas.NotoncehaveIheardofthis.(4)用于某些表示祝愿的句子。例如：Mayyousucceed!(5)以only修饰的副词、介词短语或从句作状语位于句首时，采用部分倒装。Eg.Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.Onlywhenthewarendedwasheabletoreturnhome.Onlyhisbrohterwasright.注意：only不修饰上述结构时，不采用倒装结构。(6)So+形容词/副词…that…句型中如果“So+形容词/副词”提到句首，则主句需部分倒装，从句不倒装。Eg.Sointerestedwasheintheprogramthathedidn’tnoticehismothercomein.ExercisestotheInversion1.—Iwouldnevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible!---____.A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldIC.SamewithmeD.SodoI2.___whenhesawtheUFOthathecouldn’tmovealittle.A.HewasfrightenedenoughB.HewastoofrightenedC.SofrightenedhewasD.Sofrightenedwashe3.Soseriously____intheaccidentthathewassenttohospitalatonce.A.hewaswoundedB.washehurtC.hedidinjureD.didhehurt4.Sheneverlaughed,___losehertemper.A.orsheeverdidB.ordidsheeverC.nordidsheeverD.norsheeverdid5.___,heknowstocareforandloveothers.A.AlthoughheisachildB.ChildasheisC.AchildasheisD.Asheisachild6.Nosooner___homethanitbegantorain.A.gotheB.didhegetC.hadhegotD.hehadgot7.___actor,Iwouldalwaysactadetective.A.IfIamanB.WereIanC.WereID.IfIwere8.IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinallmylife___sohappy!A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfelt9.Nosooner___theanimal___thanitwashibernating.A.had;movedB.did;moveC.does;moveD.hasmoved10.Ifailedinthefinalexamlasttermandonlythen___theimportanceofstudies.A.IrealizedB.IhadrealizedC.hadIrealizedD.didIrealize11.---Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.---___,and___.A.Sohehas;soyouhaveB.Sohehas;sohaveyouC.Sohashe;sohaveyouD.Sohashe;soyouhave12.NotuntilIbegantowork___howmuchtiomeIhadwasted.A.didn’tIrealizeB.didrealizeC.Ididn’trealizeD.Irealize13.Little___abouthiwownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.A.doeshecareB.didhecareC.hecaresD.hecared14.___forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot15.Itwas___backhomeaftertheexperiment.A.notuntilmidinightdidhegoB.untilmidnightthathedidn’tgo35\nC.notuntilmidnightthathewentD.untilmidnightwhenhedidn’tgo16.Iwillneverknowwhatawasonhismindatthetime,norwill___.A.anyoneB.anyoneelseC.nooneD.whenever17.Maybeyouhavebeentomanycountries,butnowhereelse___suchabeautifulpalace.A.canyoufindB.youcouldfindC.youcanfindD.couldyoufind18.Theoldcouplehavebeenmarriedfor40yearsandneveronce___whitheachother.A.theyhadquarreledB.theyhavequarreledC.havetheyquarreledD.hadtheyquarreled19.Onlywhenyouridentityhasbeenchecked,___.A.youareallowedinB.youwillbeallowedinC.willyouallowinD.willyoubeallowedin20.Onlyinthisway___tomakeimprovementintheoperatingsystem.A.youcanhopeB.youdidhopeC.canyouhopeD.didyouhope21.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows___.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit22.AsfarasIamconcerned,educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn,___.A.themoreforlifeareyouequippedB.themoreequippedforlifeyouareC.themorelifeyouareequippedforD.youareequippedthemoreforlife23.---Youforgotyourpursewhenyouwentout.---Goodheavens,___.A.sodidIB.soIdidC.IdidsoD.Isodid24.Notonly___interestedinfootballbut___beginningtoshowaninterestinit.A.theteacherhimselfis;allhisstudentsareB.theteacherhimselfis;allallhisstudentsC.istheteacherhimself;areallhisstudentsD.istheteaherhimself;allhisstudentsare25.___,Ihaveneverseenanyonewho’sascapableasJohn.A.AslargeasIhavetraveledB.NowthatIhavetraveledsomuchC.MuchasIhavetraveledD.AsIhavetraveledsomuch26.Sodifficult___ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglishwell.A.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeelD.didIfeel27.___totakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.A.BraveenoughstudentsB.EnoughbravestudentsC.StudentsbraveenoughD.Studnetsenoughbrave28.IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinallmylife___sohappy!A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfelt29.Notasinglesong___atyesterday’sparty.A.shesangB.sangsheC.didshesingD.shedidsing30.Young___heis,heisquiteexperienced.A.likeB.asC.soD.such31.___inrecentyearsthatithasalmostbecometherule.A.SooftenforthistohappenB.SooftenthishashappenedC.SooftenisthishappenedD.Sooftenhasthishappened32.Mysisterhadacoldlastweek,so___.A.IhadB.IdidC.hadID.didI33.Hardly___whenthebussuddenlypulledaway.A.hadtheygottothebusstopB.didtheygettothebusstopC.theygottothebusstopD.theyhadgottothebusstop34.___shewouldnothavemetwiththeaccident.A.LindahadbeenmorecarefulB.HadLindabeenmorecareful35\nC.IfLindaweremorecarefulD.Lindawasmorecareful.35.Onlywhenyouhavegotagoodknowledgeofgrammar___writecorrectly.A.canyouB.can’tyouC.youcanD.youwill36.___theseriousconsequencesoftheaccident.A.EversherealizedB.LittledidsherealizeC.NeversherealizedD.Nothingdidsherealize37.___canyouexpecttogetapayrise.A.WithhardworkB.AlthoughhardworkC.OnlywithhardworkD.Nowthatheworkshard38.Helistenedsocarefullythatnotasingleword___.A.bemissedB.didhenevermissC.didhemissD.henevermissed39.Notuntilthe19thand20thcenturies___itsripestfruitanditslethalpoisons.A.mosernnationalisminEuropeproducedB.whenmodernnationalisminEuropeproducedC.didmodernnationalisminEuropeproduceD.modernnationalisminEuropehadproduced40.Atnotimeinthehistoryofmankinkgreaterchancesforfollowingcareerstheyhavenow.A.hadwomenB.havewomenhadC.womenhadD.womenhavehadTheSubjunctiveMood英语中的三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。其中虚拟语气用来表示说话人的一种与事实相反的主观愿望、猜测、建议或假想等。if条件句与主句的动词变化形式：1.If条件状语从句中的虚拟形式：虚拟语气If条件句主句与现在事实相反动词过去式（若动词为be用were）should/would/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反had＋过去分词should/would/could/might+have＋过去分词与将来事实相反1.动词过去式2.should＋动词原形3.wereto＋动词原形should/would/could/might+动词原形注意：1）有时虚拟条件不用虚拟条件句表示，而用butfor(要不是),without(如果没有),otherwise或or(否则)，或通过上下文来表示。Eg.Butforthestorm,wewouldhavearrivedearlier.Withoutwater,allontheearthcouldnotlive.2)ifonly（要是…就好了）Eg.IfonlyIwereyourbrother.2.主语从句中的虚拟语气：1)It’simportant/necessary/strange/surprising/natural/desirable/ect.+that从句(谓语“(should)+V原”)类似用法的形容词还有：essential,possible,impossible,dreadful,funny等Eg.Itisimportantthatshe(should)cooperatewithus.Itwasunnecessarythatthey(should)getheresoearly.2)It’s+ordered/advised/requested/required/desired/suggested+that从句(谓语“(should)+V原”)Eg.It’sorderedthattheclassroom(should)bekeptinorder.Itisdesiredthateverystudent(should)obeytheschoolrules.Itissuggestedthatwe(should)starttheworkatonce.3.宾语从句中的虚拟语气：1)表示“要求”、“建议”、“命令”等意义的动词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气（即谓语“(should)+V原”)35\n这类动词有：request,order,propose,command,advise,recommend,demand,suggest,insist等。Eg.Heinsistedthatallofus(should)bethereontimebyanymeans.Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.※注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”和suggest表示“表明；暗示”时,其后的宾语从句不用虚拟。Eg.ThelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasquitesatisfiedwithwhatIhaddoneforhi.Heinsistedthathewashonest.2)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　过去式或过去进行时（be用were）　对现在情况的虚拟wish+that宾语从句(that常省)　　had＋过去分词　对过去情况的虚拟　　　　　　　　　　　　　　would+V原　对将来的主观愿望eg.IwishIcouldfly.Iwishyouwouldstayalittlelonger.IwishIhadknownitbefore.3)wouldrather+宾语从句（谓语动词用过去式）Eg.I’dratheryoudidn’tmakeanycommentontheissueforthetimebeing.4.表语从句：表示“要求”、“建议”、“命令”、“欲望”、“劝告”等动词派生出来的同根名词作主语时，其表语从句要虚拟（即谓语“(should)+V原”），这类名词有：suggestion,proposal,request,advice,decision,requirement等.Eg.Theoldman’srequestisthathischildren(should)givehimsomemoneytoliveoneverymonth.Mysuggestionisthattheoldhouses(should)bepulleddown.5.同位语从句：同位语从句用虚拟语气的情况与表语从句类似。Eg.Mywishthatateachingbulding(should)bebuiltherewillsooncometrue.WhatdoyouthinkofMrLi’sproposalthatwe(should)haveaget-togethernextFriday?6.Itis(high)time+that从句（谓语动词常用过去式）Eg.Itistimethatthechildwenttobed.7.注意下列用法：should/oughttohavedoneshouldnot/oughtnottohavedonecould/mighthavedoneneednothavedone8.asif/though从句若情况属实，用陈述语气。否则用虚拟语气。（现在情况：动词用过去式；过去情况：had＋过去分词Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.Itlooksasifhehadfinishedallhistask.9.在if引导的虚拟语气的条件句中，如果谓语动词含有were,或had,should,would等，有时可将if省略，将条件句中were,或had,should,would提到主语之前。Eg.WereI(=Ifyouwere)you,Iwouldmakemorenotes.Hadyou(=Ifyouhad)invitedus,wewouldhavecome.Exercises:1.Ifmylawyer___herelastSaturday,he___mefromleaving.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented2.___moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven3.Hesuggestedthatshe___atonce.A.startsB.tostartC.shouldstartD.started4.Herexpressionsuggestedthatshe___angry.35\nA.wasB.wereC.beD.shouldbe5.Theyinsistedthathe___presentatthemeeting.A.wasB.wereC.beD.should6.IwishI___youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee7.---Didyouenjoythefilmlastnight?---Yes,butIwishI___aheadache.A.hadn’tB.didn’thaveC.hadn’thadD.wouldn’thave8.Itisnecessarythathe___tothehospitalatonce.A.shouldsendB.besentC.wouldbesentD.sent9.Mysuggestionisthatyou___thepartynexstweekend.A.heldB.souldholdC.shouldholdD.couldhold10.Theleadergaveordersthatthework___beforeMayDay.A.finishedB.befinishedC.tofinishedD.finish.11.Bod___hard,otherwisehe___inthisexam.A.can’thaveworked;wouldn’thavefailedB.can’twork;wouldn’thavefailedC.mustn’thaveworked;wouldn’tfailD.musthaveworked;wouldfail12.Thedriverkepthishead;ortheaccident___.A.wouldhappenB.happenedC.wouldhavehappenedD.wouldbehappened13.Hisfailureinthecollegeentranceesamsuggestedthathe___hard.A.notstudyB.shouldnotstudyC.studyD.hadnotstudied14.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI___forher.A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout15.---IstayedatahotelwihileinNewYork.---Oh,didyou?You___withBarbara.A.wouldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed1.Itwassuggestedthatsuchmachines___atonce.A.wouldbeproducedb.willbeproducedC.wastobeproducedD.beproduced2.IwishI___toAmericawithyou,butIAMTOOBUSY.A.willgoB.cangoC.shallgoD.couldgo3.---It’sraining,andIhavenoumbrella.---Here’smineandIinsist___it.A.youtotakeB.thatyoutakeC.thatyoutakingD.youtaking4.Shewenttothemarketearlysothatshe___buysomefreshfish.A.canB.mightC.mustD.should5.Bobwouldrather____.A.workinginthegardenthandoinghishomework.B.workinthegardenthandohishomework.C.toworkinthegardenthantodohishomework.D.workinthegardenthatndoinghishomework.6.WouldyouratherI___buyinganewbike?A.decidedagainstB.willdecideagainstC.havedecidedagainstD.shalldecideagainst7.IfonlyI___earlier.A.comeB.havecomeC.hadcomeD.mightcome8.LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyI____youradvice.35\nA.followedB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.shouldfollow9.Ifwe___yesterday,we___thework.A.weren’tinterrupted;wouldfinishB.didn’tinterrupt;wouldhavefinishedC.hadn’tinterrupted;hadfinishedD.hadn’tbeeninterrupted;wouldhavefinished10.___,I’dhavetoldyou.A.IfIwouldhaveknownitB.IfIhaveknownitC.HadIknownitD.ShouldIknowit11.___today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.werehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves12.Ifyouhadnothelpedthem,they___inLondonnow.A.wouldstillbeB.willstillbeC.wouldhavestillgoneD.willhavestillgone13.Withoutyourhelp,we___somuch.A.willnotachieveB.didn’tachieveC.don’tachieveD.wouldnothaveachieved14.Youradvicethatshe___tillnextweekisreasonable.A.willwaitB.isgoingtowaitC.waitsD.wait15.---Whatareyougoingtodonextyear?---Idon’tknow.Butit’stime____something.A.IdecidedB.IdecidingC.I’lldecideD.I’ddecide16.Sheinsistedthatadoctor___immediately.A.hadsentforB.sendC.besentforD.wassent17.Thethiefclosedhiseyes___he___dying.A.evenif;wasB.though;wouldbeC.even;hadbeenD.asif;were18.Thekind-heartedcoupletreattheorphanverywellasthoughhe___theirwonson.A.isB.wereC.hadbeenD.shouldbe19.Itisstrangethathe___backsoearly.A.cameB.willcomeC.hadcomeD.shouldhavecome20.Mysuggestionisthatthemeeting___oftillnextSunday.A.beputB.putC.shouldputD.hadbeenput21.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam___beforeeleven.A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished22.Helendoesn’tknowhowmuchIspentinrepairingthehouse;ifsheeverfoundout,I’msure___.A.she’dneverforgivemeB.sheneverforgivesmeC.she’llneverhaveforgivenmeD.shedoesneverforgiveme23.Withoutthehelpoftheteacher,I___theentranceexam.A.wouldn’tpassB.wouldn’thavepassedC.couldn’tbeabletopassD.willneverpass24.ButfortheleadershipofourPartyandGovernment,we___thesesplendidresults.A.haveachievedB.shouldn’thaveachievedC.shouldhaveachievedD.wouldachieve25.Hedidn’tcomeyesterday,oryou___him.A.wouldseeB.weretoseeC.mighthaveseenD.hadseen26.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe___inturn,you___sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thaveget27.___itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will28.Isuggestedtheperson___tobeputintoprison.A.refersB.referingC.referredD.refer29.---Didyougowiththem?35\n---No,Iwasverybusy,butIwouldhavegoneifI___.A.hadbeenB.hadn’tC.wasn’tD.was30.Withoutelectricity,humanlife___qutedifficulttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.was时态与语态某些固定句式中的时态：在某些固定句式中，其时态是固定的、约定俗成的。1)This/Itisthefirst/second…time+that-clause(have/hasdone)This/Itwasthefirst/second…time+that-clause(haddone)Eg.Itwasthethirdtime(that)he______(make)thesamemistake.ThisisthefirsttimeI_____(come)here.Ex.1.—Wasthatthefirsttime___you___England’scoast?--Yes,itwas.A./;leftB.when;haveleftC.when;hadleftD./;hadleft2)Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句(用一般过去时)，若将前面的is改为was,则从句时态用过去完成时。Eg.Itwastenyearssincewe_____(have)suchawonderfultime.Ex.1.It___twoweekssinceshe___downthestairs.A.was;fellB.is;hasfallenC.willbe;fellD.is;fell3)beabouttodo…when…正要做…，这时(突然)…。Eg.Iwasabouttogooutwhenthetelephonerang.4)was/weredoing…when…正在做…，这时(突然)…。Eg.TheywerereadingwhenTomshoutedinpain.5)Hardlyhad…done…when;Nosoonerhad…done…thanwhen/than从句用过去时。Eg.Hardly(Nosooner)hadIgothomewhen(than)therainpoureddown.6)It+willbe+一段时间+before从句(用一般现在时表将来)意为多久以后即将发生某事It+was+一段时间+before从句(过去时)意为多久以后发生了某事。Eg.Itwon’tbelongbeforehesucceeds.(=Hewillsucceedsoon.)Itwastenyearsbeforetheymetagain.(=Theymetagaintenyearslater.)ExercisestoTenseandVoice:A1.Thatissettled.It___aboutanymore.A.needn’tbetalkedB.needn’ttalkC.doesn’tbetalkedD.doesn’tneedtotalk2.Hedoesn’tmind___.A.beinglaughedB.beinglaughedatC.tobelaughtedD.tobelaughing3.Hewasseen___theroomaminuteago.A.enterB.toenterC.beenteringD.havingentered4.Thesebooks___thelibrary.A.arebelongedtoB.belongtoC.belongD.aretobelong5.I’mafraidIcan’tgetinallthewheatwithinsuchashorttime.___tohelpmetomorrow.A.unlessyouwillcomeB.unlessyoucomeC.untilyouwillcomeD.untilyoushallcome6.He___theParty___1998.A.hasjoined,inB.hasjoined,sinceC.joined,ond.joined,in7.Ihadn’texpectedTomtoapologizebuthadhoped___.A.himcallingmeB.thathewouldcallmeC.himtocallmeD.thathewillcallme35\n8.LeiFeng___alotofgooddeedsforothers.A.hasdoneB.didC.wasdoingD.haddone9.Jack___inthestreetwhenI___tohim.A.walked,calledB.waswalking,wascallingC.walked,wascallingD.waswalking,called10.Comeandsitdownbythefire.Yourhand___.A.feelsocoldlyB.isfeelingsocoldC.feelssocoldD.isfeltsocould11.ZhouLei___upearlysincehischildhood.A.usedtogetB.hasbeenusedtogetC.isusedtogetD.hasbeenusedtogetting12.--Didyouenjoylastnight’sconcert?--Yes,thoughthelastpiece___ratherpoorly.A.wasplayedB.playedC.wasplayingD.playing13.TheAnti-JapaneseWar___in1937andit___eightyears.A.breakout,lastB.wasbrokenout,lastedC.brokeout,lastD.brokeout,last14.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I___herseveraltimes.A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet15.Wheneveryonewas___themeetingbegan.A.sittenB.satC.seatedD.seating16.Thismorning,I___youmanytimes.A.wascalledB.hadbeencalledC.keptcallingD.called17.Themansaidthatthecar___dayafterdaybyhimfortenlongyearsbytheendofnextyear.A.wouldbedrivenB.wouldbedrivingC.wouldhavebeendrivenD.wouldhavebeendriving18.DoIhavetotakethismedicine?It___soterrible.A.tastesB.istastingC.istastedd.hastasted19.Doyouknow___happenedintheshop?A.that’sB.thatwasC.whatD.whathasbeen20.It___whetherhewillgoonwithhisworkintheschool.A.hasn’tbeendecidedB.isn’tdecidedC.hasn’tdecidedD.doesn’tdecideB1.Onceenvironmentaldamage___,itwilltakemanyyearsforthesystemtorecover.A.hasdoneB.istodoC.doesD.isdone2.—Whenareyouleaving?–Mypland___at10:45.A.takesoffB.tookoffC.isabouttotakeoffD.willtakeoff3.Ididn’tlikeAuntLucy,who___withoutwarningandbringinguspresents.A.alwaysturnedupB.hasalwaysturnedupC.hadalwaysturnedupD.wasalwaysturningup4.Thecarrandownthehill,andthedriver___,accordingtothenewspaper,tohavebeenkilled.A.saidb.wassayingC.wassaidD.hadbeensaid5.--Katereturnedhomeyesterday.---Really?Where____?A.hasshebeenB.hadshegoneC.hasshegoneD.hadshebeen6.Untilthen,hisfamily___fromhimforsixmonths.A.didn’thearB.hasn’tbeenhearingC.hasn’theardD.hadm’theard7.--When___andvisitourfactorynextmonth?–When___,I’llletyouknow.A.willhecome;hewillcomeB.willhecome;hecomesC.doeshecome;hewillcomeD.doeshecome;hecomes35\n8.--Haveyouimovedintothenewclassroom?---Notyet.Theclassroom___.A.isbeingpaintedB.ispaintingC.ispaintedD.hasbeenpainted9.___beenabroadbefore.A.ItissaidthathehadB.TheysaidthathehasC.HeissaidthathehasD.Heissaidtohave10.--Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.--What’stheprettysmallhousethat___for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.--I___tobehereontime.--Butyou___lateagain.A.hadmeant;wereB.meant;wereC.havemeant;areD.meant;hadbeen12.--Ibegyourpardon,butIdidn’tquitecatchyou.–Oh!I___myself.A.amtalkingtoB.talkedaboutC.havetalkedtoD.wastalkingto13.Whatdoyouthinkofthispieceofwood?I’msureit___averygoodshelf.A.willmakeB.ismakingC.ismadeD.canbemade14.Bytheendofthismonth,wesurely___asatisfactorysolutiontotheproblem.A.havefoundB.willbefindingC.willhavefoundD.arefinding15.--Whydidn’thejoininthelastcompetition?--He___theUnitedStates.A.hadgongtoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.hadbeento16.Hello,I___totelephoneyouallday.Where___?A.tried,wereyouB.havebeentrying,wereyouC.havetried,areyouD.aretrying,areyou17.Bythetimeababy___hisfirstbirthday,heshould,withoutthehelpofanadult,___situporevenstandup.A.reached;tobeabletoB.reaches;canC.hadreached;couldD.hasreached;beableto18.Bythetwenty-firstcentury,thecomputer___anecessityineveryhome.A.becomesB.hadbecomeC.hasbecomeD.willhavebecome19.EversincePicasso’spainingwentonexhibit,there___largecrowdsatthemuseumeveryday.A.isB.hasbeenC.havebeenD.arebeing20.Wewouldliketogoandthankhimourselves,but5we___outhisaddressyet.A.haven’tfoundB.hadn’tfoundC.didn’tfindD.don’tfindC1.--I’msorytokeepyouwaiting.--Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe2.—doyoulikethamaterial?--Yes,it___verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt3.Idon'treallyworkhere.I___untilthenewsecretaryarrives.A.justhelpoutB.havejusthelpedoutC.amjusthelpingoutD.willjusthelpout4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.—Yourphonenumberagain?I___quitecatchit.--It’s95684442.A.didn’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.can’t35\n6.--___thesportsmeetnightbeputoff.--Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.I’vebeentoldB.I’vetoldC.I’mtoldD.Itold7.Idon’tthinkJimsawme;he___intospace.A.juststaredB.wasjuststaringC.hasjuststaredD.hadjuststared8.--___mygasses?--Yes,Isawthemonyourbedaminuteago.A.DoyouseeB.HadyouseenC.WouldyouseeD.Haveyouseen9.Helen___herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaitunitlherhusband___home.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomec.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome10.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She___ataradioshopatthetime.A.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked11.--WhoisJerryGooper?--___?Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting.A.Don’tyoumeethimyetB.Hadn’tyoumethimyetC.Didn’tyoumeethimyetD.Haven’tyoumethimeyet12.—Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?--I___,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did13.--Nancyisnotcomingtonight.--Butshe___.A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised14.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout15.--Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!--Oh,I’mterriblysorry.___.A.I’mnotnoticingB.Iwasn’tnoticingC.Ihaven’tnoticedD.Idon’tnotice16.--HiTracy,youlooktired.--Iamtired.I___thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted17.Shirley___abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting18.Roberissaid___abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.bebestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying19.--You’veleftthelighton.--Oh,soIhave.___andturnitoff.A.I’llgoB.I’vegoneC.IgoD.I’mgoing20.ThereportersaidthattheUFO___easttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastravellingB.travelledC.hadbeentravellingD.wastotravel非谓语动词-再复习1。基本形式：非谓语动词时态主动语态被动语态不定式一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行式tohavebeendoing现在分词动名词一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbenndone过去分词done非谓语动词的否定式是在其前加not19.Realizingthathehadn’tenoughmoneyand___toborrowfromhisfather,hedecidedtosellhiswatch.35\nA.notwantedB.nottowantC.notwantingD.wantingnot34.---Shallwegoswimming?---OK,I’lljustgoand____.A.gettochangeB.gettobechangedC.getchangedD.getchanging35.Heisaboyof___words.Hedoesn’tspeakuntil___.A.afew;spokentoB.few;speakingtoC.afew;speakingtoD.few;spokento40Thedooroftheshopremained___,thoughitwasteno”clocka.m..A.openedB.opeingC.lockedD.havinglocking.55.–Howaretheygettingonwiththeirwork?--Allgoeswellas___.A.tobeplannedB.beingplannedC.plannedD.planning57.TheTurnershaveaverypracticallittletablethatfoldsupoutofthewaywhen___.A.nottobeneededB.notneededC.needednotD.tobenotneeded61.–IsMr.Smithin?–Yes,butheis___thephone.Ishe___you?A.making;waitingB.on;hopingC.on;expectingD.in;meetingA.asnottorealizeB.asnotrealizingC.thatdoesn’trealizeD.astorealize20.Howcanyou___ofyouarenot___?A.hear;listeningB.listen;hearingC.belistening;heardD.behearing;listenedto2。不定式与动名词作主语的区别：形式区别例句不定式常表示具体的某次动作It’shardformetoeatuptheapples.常表示可实现的动作Tobeinvitedtothepartywouldbeexciting.动名词常表示泛指意义Eatingtoomuchmakesonefat.可表示动作已完成Beinginvitedtothepartycausesmegreatexcitement.Exercise:31.Itwasclever___atthedecisionintwominutes.A.forhimtoarriveB.forhisarrivingC.ofhimtoarriveD.ofhisarriving48.--Whatmadehimsounhappy?--___theticketforthefootballmatch.A.HavingbeenlostB.LostC.BecauseoflosingD.Losing67.___forcomputersiscalledcomputerprogramming.A.WritinginstructionB.TowriteinstructionC.ThewritingosinstructionsD.Havingwritteninstructions3。不定式与动名词作宾语的区别：动词不定式与动名词都可以作宾语，不定式常指具体的、某次的、特定的行为，强调动作，表示将来或已完成；动名词常指抽象的、一般性的行为，强调事情本身，多无时间性。宾语动词动词不定式动名词例句agree,ask,care,choose,decide,determine,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,want(想要),wish√Wouldyouliketotakeawalkwithme?ask,choose,decide,findout,forget,know,learn,see,show,teach,tell,understand疑问词(why除外)+不定式，不定式的逻辑主语常为句中主语，且动作后于谓语动作HaveyoudecidedwhentoleaveforShenzhen?admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,forgive,,imagine,mind,practise,suggest,√Doyouenjoyreading?35\nmentionhate,like,love,prefer√√Janelikessinging,butshedoesn’tliketosingnow.begin,start√√Theybeganwalking(towalk)there.deserve,need,want(需要),require√表示主动√表示被动Ineedtogobecausemyshoesneedmending/tobemended.forget,goon,remember,regret,stop√不定式动作发生在动词动作之后√动名词动作发生动词动作之前Thedoorisclosed.Iremembercloseingitmyself.Pleaseremembertoclosethedoorwhenyouleave.try设法去做试着做We’lltrytofinishtheworkinaday.Youmaytrydoingitinanotherway.mean本打算去做意味着Imeanttocome,butforgottheway.There’snobusnow.Thatmeanswalkingback.说明help之后的to可以省略Icanhelp(to)sweepthefloor.当begin,start本身为--ing形式或接认识性动词时，后面常用不定式作宾语I’mbeginningtoknowwhatyoureallywant.当不定式作宾语接有宾语补足语时，常用结构vt.+it+adj.+todosth.Ithinkitinterestingtoskate.Exercise:1.Markoftenattemptstoescape___wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.A.havingbeenfinedB.tobefinedC.tohavebeenfineD.beingfined11.–Therearesomanythingstolearntoday!--Don’tworyy.Youneedn’ttrouble___themall.A.torememberB.rememberingC.ofrememberingD.remember12.After___forthejob,youwillberequiredtotakealanguagetest.A.beinginterviewedB.interviewedC.interviewingD.hainginterviewed13.Idon’tknowwhatillnesshesufferedfrom,butIdorememberhementioned___inhospitallastyear.A.tohavebeenB.tobeC.havingbeenD.be16.Inthecourseofadaystudentsdofarmorethanjust___classes.A.attendB.attendedC.toattendD.attending23.Nacyisn’there.It’smymistake.Iforgotallabout___her.35\nA.telephoningB.totelephoneC.totelephonetoD.thetelephoningto24.Asexplainedintheintroduction,thebottleneedsonly___clean.A.towashB.washingC.beingwashedD.tobewashed30.Everyonehadaforminhishand,butnooneknewwhichoffice___.A.tosendittoB.tosenditC.tobesenttoD.tohaveitsent44.--Whydidyoucometotheconcerttohearthepopsingersyoudidn’tlike?---Ishouldn’tlike__,butmyboyfriendinsisted.A.havingcomeB.comingC.tocomeD.tohavecome49.There’samanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeans___trouble.A.makingB.tomakeC.tohavemadeD.havingmade51.–Whydidn’tyougivemearing?--Well,Imeant___,butlaterIforgot.A.telephoningB.totelephoneC.havingtelephonedD.tohavetelephoned53.Excuseme,Ifyourcall’snottoourgent,doyoumind___minefirst?A.ImakeB.ifImakeC.metomakeD.thatImake64.InpartnershipwithJohnD.Rocfefeller,HenryFlager___theStandardOilCompany.A.helpedformingB.helpedformC.ishelpedformD.helpstoform63.Afterherfamoushusband’sdeath,EleanorRooseveltcontinued___forpeace.A.workingB.wqorkC.theworkingD.toworking4。不定式与现在分词作宾语补足语的区别：动词不定式与现在分词都可以作宾语补足语，前者强调动作已发生或完成，后者动作在进行。宾语补足语动词带to的不定式不带to的不定式现在分词例句advise,allow,ask,cause,expect,force,invite,need,order,permit,send,teach,tell,warn,want,wish,wouldlike√Maryaskedyoutohelpherwithherphysics.believe,know,think,understandtobeIbelievethestorytobetrue.keep√Whydidyoukeepmewaitingforayear?help√√Maryoftenhelpsme(to)studyEnglish.find,get,hate,leave,like√√Doyouhateotherstroubling(totrouble)you?feeltobe√√Bobfelthisheartbeat(beating)fast.let,make√MakethepastservethepresentandforeignthingserveChina.have,listento,hear,lookat,see,watch,notice,observe√强调动作的完成过程√强调动作的进行IsawTomrunintothehouse.Didyouseeherdancingwhenyoupassedby?注意：在feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to.Exercise:35\n10.TheshopownerwillgetalltheseorderedTVsets___tothecustomerstoday.B.bedelivedB.deliveredC.deliveringD.todeliver14.Withalotofdifficultproblems___,themanagerfeltlikeacatonhotbricks.A.tosttleB.settlingC.settledD.beingsettled22.–Whowouldyourather___throom?---Jack,ofcourse.A.havecleanedB.havecleanC.getcleanD.clean29.Wethinktheelectroniccomputer___oneofthemostusefultoolsinusetoday.A.beB.beingC.havebeenD.tobe36.Weshouldkeepourselves___ofthechangingsituation.A.informedB.informingC.toinformD.inform37.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad___wentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired39.Wegothometofindthewholehouse___upsidedown.Thievesobviouly___.A.turned;hadbrokeninB.turned;hadbrokenintoC.tohaveturned;hadbeenbrokeninD.turning;hadbeenbrokeninto46.–IhearWarren___inamiddleschool--What?Ican’timaginehim___asateacher.A.teach;toworkB.teaches;workingC.teaches;toworkD.teach;working68.Whenheawoke,hefoundhimself___byanoldwoman.A.lookafterB.lookingafterC.beinglookedafterD.belookedafter54.Themonumentwasbultinhonoroftheexplorerwhowasbelieved___theriver.A.tohavediscoveredB.tohavebeendiscoveredC.todiscoverD.havingbeendiscovered65.Likehumans,zooanimalsmusthaveadentist___theirteeth.A.fillB.filledC.fillingD.tobefilled50.WhenIcaughthim___me,Istoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.A.cheatingB.cheatC.tocheatD.tobecheating5。不定式与动名词的复合结构：结构特点例句forsb.todosth.前面形容词只表示该动作(不定式)具有的特征It’simportantforustolearnEnglish.ofsb.todosth.前面形容词既表示该动作(不定式)具有的特征，也表示动作的发出者具有的特征。这类形容词有：kind,good,nice,wise,clever,silly,wrong,right,foolish,stupid,rude,careless等。Itwascleverofyoutoanswerthequestioninthatway.物主代词、名词所有格或名词普通格+动名词物主代词、名词所有格或名词普通格是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语Doyouthinkmygoingtherewillbefoanyhelp?ShewashappyaboutTom’scomning.注意下列词的用法：allow/advise/forbid/permitdoingallow/advise/forbid/permitsb.todo58.Thespeech___,alivelydiscussionstarted.A.beingdeliveredB.wasdeliveredC.bedeliveredD.havingbeendelivered69.Idon’tmindher___jewelsattheparty.A.wearB.towearC.wearingD.worn6。不定式与动名词的习惯结构：35\n带to不定式：beable/afraid/readyto,…enoughtodosth.,too…todosth.,can’twaittodosth.,prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.,inordertodosth.,soastodosth.,besaidtodosth.,usedtodo(过去常常),beusedtodo(被用做)不带to不定式：wouldrather,hadbetter,wouldpleasedo动名词：bebusy(in)doingsth.,beafraidofdoing,feellikedoing,keepondoing,keepdoing,spend…(in)doing,what/howaboutdoing,thank/excuseyoufordoing,can’thelpdoing,keep…fromdoing,prevent…fromdoing,stop…fromdoing,lookforwardtodoing,preferdoingsth.todoingsth.else,devoteto,stickto,tobeusedto,objectto,havedifficulty/troublein,getdownto,feellike,beusedtodoingsth.（习惯于），beworthdoing,bewothyofbeingdone,giveup,dreamofExercise:2.–Howdoyoulikemynewmotocar?--Itisverynice,butwouldyouplease___parkithere?A.notB.nottoC.tonotD.don’t5.Annneverdreamsof___forhertobesentabroadverysoon.A.therebeingachanceB.theretobeachanceC.therebeachanceD.beingachance25.Ratherthan___thevegetablestogobad,thepeasantpreferred___themathalfprice.A.allow;sellingB.allowing;sellC.allow;tosellD.toallow;selling60.ThatwassoseriousamatterthatIhadnochoicebut___thepolice.A.calledinB.callinginC.callinD.tocallin62.–IfJohndoesnotcometoworkontime,hemaybefired.--Surelyheisn’tsofoolish___that.7。非谓语动词作定语的区别：类别特点例句不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系，如果不定式为不及物动词时，它后面就应有必要的介词。Ihavealotofbookstoread.Shehassufficientincometoliveon.与被修饰词有主谓关系Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.与被修饰词仅有修饰关系Hehadnochancetogotoschoolbeforeliberation.动名词表示所修饰名词的用途或名称Thisisaswimmingpool.(Thisisapoolforswimming.)分词表示所修饰的词间有逻辑上的主谓关系，分词相当于一个定语人句Thecryinggirlisaskingforhelp.(Thegirlwhoiscrying…)Thebrokenglassesarehers.(Theglasseswhichhavebeenbrokenarehers.)单个分词常位于名词之前(例外)，分词短语位于名词之后That’samovingstory.Therearestill10minutesleft.ThisisabookwrittenbyMrChen.现在分词有主动进行的意义，常表示名词现有的特征Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Ihaveaninterestingbookforyou.过去分词有被动完成的意义，常说明由外因引起后所处的状态语。Japanisadevelopedcountry.Thefrightenedgirlcametomeforhelp.Exercise:35\n3.Manything___impossibleinthepastarecommontoday.A.consideredB.consideringC.toconsiderD.beingconsidered42.A___candle___theroom.A.lighted;litupB.lighted;lightC.lit;litupD.lit;lit43.Allthings___,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.A.consideredB.beconsideredC.consideringD.havingconsidered47.—I’llgobacktoourhometownthedayaftertomorrow.Haveyougotanything___toyourparents?---No,thankyou.I’llbebackinafewdays,too.A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaken70.Wecandrink___waterbutnot___water.A.boiled;boiledB.boiled;boilingC.boiling;boilingD.boiling;boiled8。非谓语动词作状语的区别：类别作用例句不定式表示原因I’mgladtoseeyouagain.表示目的Marycametoseeme.表示结果Theshirtistoodirtytowear.表示程度WenBoisoldenoughtogotoschool.分词表示时间Openingthedoor,Isawathiefin.Havingfinishedtheexperiment,heleftthelab.表示原因Notknowingthegirl,Ididn’tspeaktoher.EducatedbyMrSmith,Bettyhasmadegreatprogress.表示方式Theymadeacanoe,usingtherestwood.表示条件Beingprepared,weshallpasstheexam.表示伴随情况Marywenthome,accompaniedbyhermother.Theystoodtherewaitingforabus.说明分词的逻辑主语，一般是句子的主语While(hewas)stayinginBeijing,hevisitedmanyplaces.分词的完成式表示在谓语动词之前的生的动作或状态。Havingseenthefilmbefore,Ididn’tgotothecinema.Exercise:4.___asitwasatsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattentio.A.BeingpublishedB.PublishedC.PublishingD.Tobepublished6.Believeitornot,hecame___.A.drunkhomelastnightB.homelastnightdrunkC.homedrunklastnightD.lastnighthomedrunk7.Thecomputerworksverdast,___dataatthespeedoflight.A.havinghandledB.handlingC.handledD.handles8.___theRomanmunerals,theArablicnumbersarerathersimpletouse.A.comparedwithB.ComparingwithC.comparedasD.Comparingas9.___theearthtobeflat,manyfeaeredthatColumbuswouldfallofftheedgeoftheearth.A.HavingbelievedB.Believingc.BelievedD.Beingbelieved15.Andersonwasinbedwithallhisclotheson,___awakeallnightlongthinkingofthem.A.lainB.layC.tolieD.lying35\n17.Theyoungmanrushedoutoftheroom,___intohiscarandstartedithurriedly,___togethomeassoonaspossible.A.got;hopedB.getting;andhopedC.got;hopingD.getting;hoped18.Istillrememberyou,asastudent,___sweetly.A.singingB.tosingC.singD.sung21.TheYellowRiver,___tobe“themotherriver”,runsacrossChinalikehugedragon.A.sayingB.tosayC.saidD.beingsaid26.Havingnomoneybut___toknow,hesimplysaidhewouldgowithoutdinner.A.nottowantanyoneB.notwantinganyoneC.wantednooneD.towantnoone27.___thebigsnake,thelittlegirlstoodunderthetree___outofhterlife.A.Saw;frightenedB.Seen;frightededC.Seeing;frightenedD.Tosee;frightening28.Helefthomeearlyonly___hewaslateashewentawrongway.A.foundB.tofindC.findingD.beingfound32.Iarrivedjustintime___thepolicebeatingthethief.A.seeingB.toseeC.inordertoseeD.tohaveseen33.slowlysheopenedtheletter,____.A.herhandsslightlytremblingB.tremblingherhandsslightlyC.herhandstrembledslightlyD.slightlyherhandsweretremled38.I’dratherreadthanwatchtelevision;theprogramsseem___allthetime.A.togetworseB.tobegettingworseC.tohavegotworseD.gettingworse41.Thebusrolledintothevalley,___tendeathsandmorewounded.A.tocauseB.causedC.causingD.havingcaused45.___tozoosinBeijingandothercities,themonkeysarereported___well.A.Sending;tosettledownB.Havingsent;tosettleC.Sent;tohavesettleddownD.Beingsent;tohavesettled52.Suddenly___togivenananswer,Ifoundmyselfataloss.A.havingpressedB.beingpressedC.pressedD.tobepressed56.___itornot,hisdiscoeryhascreatedastirinscientificcircles.A.BelieveB.tobelieveC.BelievingD.Believed66.OnekindoftoolthatwaspopularduringtheStoneAgewasaflake,___cuttingandscraping.A.usingforB.touseasC.usedforD.beingusedas59.___ateacherinauniversity,itisnecessarytohaveatleastamster’sdegree.A.tobecomeB.BecomeC.OnebecomesD.Onbecoming9。动词不定式的省略：为避免重复，不定式的动词可省，但不定式的符号to要保留。Eg.--Wouldyouliketogofishing?--Yes,I’dliketo.FurtherConsolidation1.—I’dliketohavesomelunchbutIhavetostayheredoingmywork.--___whatyouwantandIcangetitforyou.A.TotellmeB.tellingmeC.IfyoutellmeD.Tellme2.Themanagerhastogetallthesewashingmachinestothecustomersthisweek.A.todeliverb.bedeliveredC.deliveredD.delivering3.___theclassroom,thestudentswenttotheplaygroundtowatchthefootballmatch.A.TocleanB.HavingcleanedC.CleanedD.Cleaning4.Hecouldseeanoldgrannycollecting___leavesontheground,though___leavesmakeitabitdifficultforhimtoseethescene.35\nA.falling;fallingB.fallen;fallenC.fallen;fallingD.falling;fallen5.Healwayspretends___theverymomenthisfathercomeshome.A.tostudyB.tohavestudiedC.tobestudyingD.beingstudying6.Janeisasheygirlandsheneverspeaksuntil___.A.askingB.spokentoC.speakingtoD.told7.Allthepreparations___,we’rereadytostart.A.madeB.beingmadeC.havingmadeD.havebeenmade8.–Whatmadehersosad?---_____.A.HavingbeenturneddownbythecompanyB.becauseshedidn’tpasstheexaminationC.HerfriendsleftherD.Hadn’tsucceededinbusiness9.Couldyougivemeahand___fromthecar,please?A.tocarrytheshoppingB.forcarryingtheshoppingC.andcarryingtheshoppingD.carryingtheshopping10.MrsBlackwarnedherhusband___afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive11.I’mgoingtoShanghainextweek.Doyouhaveanything___toyourparents?A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takingD.taken12.Theyremain___.Itremains___whethertheywillcometoanyagreement.A.arguing;seenB.tobearguing;tobeseenC.arguing;tobessenD.tobearguing;seen13.Goodnight.I’mglad__avisittoyou.Youaresokind.A.tohavepaidB.payingC.topayD.havingpaid14.___theltter,tearskeptcomingtohereyes.A.ToreadB.ReadingC.WhileshewasreadingD.Shewasreadig15.Allcars___nowadaysareequippedwithsafetybelts,___arehelpfultodrivers.A.beingproduced;theyB.tobeproduced;whichC.produced;whichD.produced;they16.–Haveyouforgotten___arulerfromBetty?--Oh,yes.ButI’llremember___ittohertomorrow.A.borrowing;toreturnB.borrowing;returningC.toborrow;toreturnD.toborrow;returning17.Theprogramwasoexcitingthatthechildrenkepttheireyes___onthescreen.A.beingfixedB.tobefixedC.fixingD.fixed18.–I’dliketobuyanexpensivecamera.--Well,Tom,Wehaveseveralmodels___.A.tobechosenfromB.tobechosenC.tochoosefromD.tochoose19.___timeandlabor,cartoonistsgenerallydrawthehandsoftheircharacterswithonly3fingersandathumb.A.TosaveB.SavedC.savingD.Havingsaved20.Hedidn’tseemtomind___TVwhilehewastryingtostudy.A.themtowatchB.thattheywatchC.theirwatchingD.watching21.ThecupboardtakesuptoomuchroomandI’llgetmymother___.A.thrownawayB.totakeitawayC.soldoutD.tobetakenout22.Once___,badhabitsarehardto___.A.formed;kickB.had;tobebrokenawayfromC.had;giveupD.formed;tobethrownaway23.Whodoyouthinkweshouldhave__withtheheadmasterabouttheproblem?A.talkedB.talkC.talkingD.totalk24.Weshouldpreventpollution___happily.35\nA.toliveB.livingC.fromlivingD.beinglive25.–Ireallyappreciate___toholidaywithyouonthisniceisland.--It’smypleasure.A.havetimeB.havingtimeC.tohavetimeD.tohavingtime26.___yourcompositioncarefully,somespellingmistakescanbeavoided.A.HavingcheckedB.CheckC.IfyoucheckD.Tocheck27.ZhangHongissaid___byheart2000wordsuptonow.A.thatshehaslearnedB.tohavelearnedC.tolearnD.havinglearned28.Yourtimeshouldhavebeenmadefulluseof___thefinalexams,but,tomyregret,itwasn’tA.topassB.passingC.tohavepassedD.havingpassed29.____fortheworstinadvance,andyouwon’tfeeltoosadifyoufail.A.PrepareB.PreparingC.ToprepareD.Havingprepared30.___aroundTian’anmenSquare,thetouringweretakentovisitthePalaceMuseum.A.ShowingB.HavingshownC.BeingshownD.Havingbeenshown31.Thedoctorandthenursessdidalltheycould___thepatient’slife.A.saveB.tosaveC.tobesavingD.tohavesaved32.Tompretended___itbutinfact,heknewitverywell.A.notlistentoB.nottohearaboutC.nottohaveheardaboutD.nottobelisteningto33.WhatisthewayGeorgethoughtof___enoughmoneytobuythehouse?A.togetB.gettingC.havinggotD.beingin34.---Henrydoesn’tseemlikethesameperson.---____somuchinthewarhasmadehimmorethoughtful.A.ForhimtoseeB.HisseeingC.HavingseenD.Tobeseeing35.Though___moreattention,mypronunciationhasn’timproved.A.isgivenB.givingC,havinggivenD.given36.Imustthankmyparents___tobeacollegestudent.A.tomakeitpossibleformeB.tomakeitpossibletomeC.formakingitpossibleformeD.formakingitpossibletome37.Lily’smobilephonewasleftinataxiaccidentally,never___again.A.tofindB.tobefoundC.findingD.beingfound38.Havingnomoneybut___toknow,hesimplysaidhewouldgowithoutdinner.A.nottowantanyoneB.wantednooneC.notwantinganyoneD.towantnoone39.Theteachercouldn’tmakehimself___attentiontobecausetheyweretoonoisy.A.payB.paidC.topayD.tobepaid40.___oldermakespeopleless___aboutwhatotherpeoplethink.A.Togrow;worriedB.Togrow;worryingC.Growing;worriedD.Growing;worrying1。基本特点：类别主语从句Whethershe’llcomeornotisnotdecidedyet.表语从句Thatiswhyhewasabsent.宾语从句Nooneknewhowhegottheprize.同位语从句There’snodoubtthatyou’refitforthejob.语序名词性从句用陈述句语序，中间一般不用逗号与主句隔开Doyouknowwhere(不加do)theBlackslive?35\n关联词由连词that引导，that无语法功能，无实际意义Thathe’llcometothediscussioniscertain.由连词whether引导，它作“是否”解，无语法功能Thequestioniswhetherit’sworthdoing.由连接副词how(如何)，when(在何时)，where(在何地)，why(为何)引导，它们分别作方式、时间、地点、原因状语Howshesolvedtheproblemisknowntous.Haveyoudecidedwhenyou’llstartforBeijing?ThatwaswhereIhadspentmyholiday.ThereasonwhyJoancriedwasthatshefailedtheexam.连接代词what(什么)，who(谁)，(谁的)，which(哪个)，whatever,whoever,whichever(在一定范围内“无论什么、谁、哪一个”)可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。注：what=allthat“所…的人或物”WhatsurprisedmemostisthatBettywonthefirstprize.Whosechildwillwinthegameisstillunknown.Idon’tknowwho/whomBobiswaitingforThequestionwillbewhichgroupwillwinthematch.连词if(是否)可引导宾语从句，与whether相同，但后者还可用于介词之后或不定式之前或与or连用。if一般不用于引导除宾语从句以外的其它名词性从句Couldyoutellmeif/whetheritsnowsinwinterinAustralia?I’mworryingaboutwhetherI’llgoornot.asif/though(仿佛，好像)可引导表语从句Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.说明在口语中，连词that引导宾语从句时，that可以省略;但由几个that引导宾语从句时，that不宜省略。Iknow(that)she’sagoodgirlIhearthatLucysingswellandthatBethsingswell.为了避免头重脚轻，常用作形式主语，而将主语从句移到句尾，常见句型有：(1)Itis+adj./n.+主语从句(2)Itissaid/decided/reported…+that-clause(3)Itdoesn’tmatter+主语从句ItiscertainthatLilywillcometothediscussion.Itisapitythatyoulostthewatch.It’ssaidthatMrWanghasreturnedfromtheUSA.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryou’llgothereornot.2.宾语从句：时态若主句为现在时、将来时，则宾语从句时态不限，视情形使用所需要的时态IhearJoanleftyesterday/Joanhasleft/Joanwillleave.LucysaidshewaswatchingTVthistimeyesterday/shewasleavingsoon/shehad35\n若主句为一般过去时，则宾语从句应与主句保持时态的一致性，限用过去时态的适当形式；从句动作若先于主句则常用过去完成时seenthefilm.若宾语从句表示客观真理、普通事实，则其一般现在不变MissGaotoldmethattheearthgoesaroundthesun.若宾语从句是疑问句when或含有时间状语从句，则when疑问句状语或时间状语从句中的一般过去时不变Motherwantedtoknowwhenthegirlwasborn.Tomsaidhehadwokedheresinceheleftschool若宾语从句中含有过去具体的年、月、日作状语，则其一般过去时不变IheardLillywasbornin1970.否定转移(I)believe,guess,think后接否定that宾语从句，需否定转移。Idon’tthinkthatAliceisEnglish.复合结构find/make/think…+it+宾补+that从句IthinkitimportantthatweshouldlearnEnglilshwell.Exercise:1.Canyoumakesure___thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput2.–Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.--Whatdoyousuppose___toher?A.washappeningB.tohappenC.hashappenedD.havinghappened3.___wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan___wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what4.–IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.---Isthat___youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where5.___hesays,don’tbelieveit.A.WhateverB.HoweverC.WheneverD.Whether6.TheForeignMinistersaid,“___ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”A.Thisisb.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis7.Wecannotfigureout___quiteanumberifinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.A.thatB.asC.whyD.when8.___isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What9.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknow___I’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how10.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican’tunderstand___theyinsistongoingbymotor-bike.A.whyB.whetherC.whenD.how11.Itisprettywellunderstood___controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how12.—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?--Oh,that’s___.35\nA.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited13.___hasbeenannounced,weshallhaveourfinalexamsnextmonth.A.ThatB.AsC.ItD.What14.___madetheschoolproudwas___morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because15.Alecaskedthepoliceman___heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.A.withhimB.whoC.withwhomD.whom16.Perseveranceisakindofqualityandthat’s___ittakestodoanythingwell.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why17.–Ithinkit’sgoingtobeabigproblem.---Yes,itcouldbe.---Iwonder___wecandoaboutit.A.ifB.howC.whatD.that18.___fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which19.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly___hewants.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that20.Acomputercanonlydo___youhaveinstructedittodo.A.howB.afterC.whatD.when21.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorothers,doesitmatter___itwas?A.whereB.whatC.howD.which22.LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheshoolmaster___hehaddonethedaybefore.A.thatB.howC.whereD.what23.Itistheabilitytodothejob___mattersnotwhereyoucomeformorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it24.ThesewildflowesaresospecialIwoulddo___Icantosavethem.A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever25.___shecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that26.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee___.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis27.Thenewshasspreadalloverthecountry___thespaceshipsucceededinreturningtotheearth.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.what28.Janehopestobecomeafriendof___sharesherinterests.A.whomeverB.anyoneC.whoeverD.nomatterwho29.Thehavenoideaatall___.A.whichplacehehasgoneB.wherehashegoneC.wherehehasgoneD.whichplacehashegoneto30.Mostofthestudentsnear___Arthurwassittingappearedtobetakingnotes.SoArthurpretendedtodothesame.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.where35\n31.Actually,girlscanbe___theywanttobejustlikeboys,whetheritisapilot,anastronaut,orageneralmanager.A.whereverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoever32.—Irangyouataboutnine,buttherewasnoreply.--Oh,thatwasprobably___Iwasseeingthedoctor.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.that33.___youseenearthenorthpoleisnothingbuticeandsnow.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.Who34.Althoughmostofthemhavenodoubt___hewillpasstheexam,Istillthinkthereissomethingabout___hehasreallygoteverythingready.A.thatB.whatc.whichD.whether35.___wayswillbefoundtostoppollutionornotisjust___worriesthepublic.A.If;whyB.Whether;whichC.If;thatD.Whether;what36.Ireallywonder__hehaspostedmemanypackages___weworkedtogether.A.why;whenB.why;sinceC.when;beforeD.how;after37.___DavidsayssoundsrighttoHelen.That’swhyshehasmadeuphermindtoleavewithhim___happens.A.Whatever;whateverB.Nomatterwhat;whateverC.Nomatterwhat;nomatterwhatD.Whatever;however38.Thedifficultywenowmeetwithis___wecanpersuadehimtotellthetruth.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.why39.Insomecountries,___iscalled“equality”doesnotreallymeanequalrightsforallpeople.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.one40.WhenItrytounderstand___thatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect,itseemstomethattherearetwocauses.A.whyitdoesB.whatitdoesc.whatitisD.whyitis41.Ihavemadeitclear___Iwillnevergobackthere.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.however42.___somemammalscametoliveintheseaisnotknow.A.WhichB.SinceC.AlthoughD.How43.Theyaresoalikethatyoucan’ttell___iswhich.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.how44.___shewasinvitedtotheballmadeherveryhappy.A.IfB.ThatC.WhenD.Because45.Allfinished,wesatdowntoenjoy___wethoughtthemostdeliciousdinner.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.it46.WheneverIspeaktohim,___wasfairlyoften,hewouldtalkonandonwithoutgivingmeachancetospeak.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.when47.Determinationiskindofbasicqualityandthisis___ittakestodojobswell.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why48.Youcaneatfoodfreeinmyrestaurant___youlike.A.wheneverB.whereverC.whateverD.however49.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis___disagree.A.whyB.whereC.whatD.that50.Doesitmatter___itrainstomorrow?35\nA.thatB.whetherC.ifD.asTheexercisestoTheAttributiveclause1.GeorgeOrwell,___wasEricArthur,wrotemanaypoliticalnovelsandessays.A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealname2.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,___,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which3.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionspairsofshoeseveryyear,80%___aresoldabroad.A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat4.NewYork,___lastyear,isaniceoldcity.A.thatIvisitedB.whichIvisitedC.whereIvisitedD.inwhichIvisited5.Icanthinkofmanycases___studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where6.Wearelivinginanage___manythingsaredoneoncomputer.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when7.Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museums,andsomeotherplaces,___tohervisitorsseldomgo.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.when8.There’safeelinginme___we’llneverknowwhataUFOis—notever.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what9.Thefamousbasketballstar,___triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.who10.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho___awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen11.Isthisthereason___atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplaintedC.whoheexplainedD.whyheexplained12.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome___IwastakengoodcareofIthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where13.___isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What14.Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,___wastrue.A.heB.thisC.whichD.who15.Haveyouseenthefilm“Titanic”,___leadingactorisworldfamous?A.itsB.it’sC.whoseD.which16.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation___heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why17.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,____,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what18.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,___wehadn’texpect.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what19.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,___wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose20.Thesecountrieswilljoinoneanotheragainstterrorism,___wasagreedtoattheinternationalconference.35\nA.asB.whoC.thatD.what21.Thetreatmentwillcontimueuintilthepatientreachesthepoint___hecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whose22.Light,___everybodyknows,travelsmuchfasterthansound.A.asB.whichC.thisD.that23.Wecametoaplace___theyhadneverpaidavisitbefore.A.whichB.thatC.towhichD.where24.ThereareseveralresearchcentersinChina____acertaindiseasecalledBirdFluisbeingstudied.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.what25.Thetravelerlosthiswayinthewoods,and___madethingsworsethatitwasgettingdark.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.as26.Ihopethatthelittle___Ihavebeenabletododoesgoodtothemall.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.when27.Thereisnosuchplace____youdreamofinallthisworld.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.as28.Nowyoucanseewe’vecometothepoint___achangeisabdlyneeded.A.whichB.whenC.thatd.where29.Theresidents,___hadbeendamagedbybtheflood,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.A.alltheirhomesB.allwhosehonesC.allofwhosehomesD.alloftheirhomes30.Hedidn’tforgettheroom,___hehadsooftenbeencalledforpunishment.A.whichB.initC.towhichD.thereKeys:1—5DDABD6—10DCADD11—15ACBCC16—20ABCBA21—25BACBB26—30CDDCC主谓一致1.Agooddealofmoney___spentonbooks.A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeen2.NobodybutJane___thesecret.A.knowB.haveknownC.isknowD.knows3.Allbutone___herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were4.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary___tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be5.---Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,___togotouniversity.---SodoI.A.hopeB.hopesC.hopingD.hoped6.Threefouthsofthesurface____sea.A.isB.areC.wereD.hasbeen7.Everymeans___beentriedtopersuadeher.A.haveB.hasC.hadD.are8.Tomsaidtwelveandeight___twenty.A.wasB.areC.makesD.made9.Twentykilometres___bynomeansalongdistancetoJohn.35\nA.isB.areC.hasD.be10.Neitheroftheradios___tome.A.belongB.belongsC.isbelongedD.arebelonged11.Idon’tthinkwhatshewants___somemoney.A.isB.areC.beD.tobe12.Whathesaysandwhathedoes___.A.don’tagreeB.doesn’tagreeC.aren’tagreeD.isn’tfittogether13.TheOlympicGames___heldevery__years.A.is,fourB.are,fourC.is,fourthD.are,fourth14.TheUnitedNations___in1945.A.wasfoundB.werefoundC.wasfoundedD.werefounded15.Lily___theonlyoneofthegirlswho___ontime.A.is,arrivesB.is,arriveC.are,arrivesD.was,arrive16.JoanandJohn,___suretocometoourpartytonight.A.areB.isC.beD.whoare17.Findingenoughparkingplaces__aproblem.A.wasB.wereC.areD.has18.Huntingandfishing___veryinteresting.A.isB.areC.isgoingD.isgoingtobe19.Growi9ngaroundthelake___wildflowersofdifferentcolours.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are20.Thiskindofstories___instructivewhilestoriesofthatkind___harmfultochildren.A.is,seemsB.are,seemc.is,seemd.are,seems21.Themanagerandwriter___verybusynow.A.isB.areC.wasD.were22.Theold___welllookedafterbythegovernmentinChina.A.isB.areC.wasD.hasbeen23.Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthat___appearedthisyear.A.haveB.hasC.hadD.havebeen24.About20percentofthestudents___ontheplaygroundatthatmoment.A.isB.areC.wasD.were25.WangLeiliketheotherchildrenwho___blind___beingtakengoodcareofinourcountry.A.is,isB.are,areC.is,ared.are,is26.Manyastudent___boughtthebook,butonlyafewofthem___readisthrough.A.have,haveB.have,hasC.has,haveD.has,has27.Thestudentondutysaid,“All__presentandall___goingwell.”A.is,isB.is,areC,are,areD.are,is28.It___Iwho___leavingforWashinton.A.is,amB.is,isC.am,amD.am,is29.Eachofthestudents___aChinese-Englishdictionary.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are30.Weeach__tohaveatry.A.enjoyB.enjoysC.wantD.wants31.---Theglasses___foryou,Kate.---Thankyou,Mum.Thispairofglasses___nice.A.is,isB.is,areC.are,isD.are,are35\n32.Nothingbutshoes___intheshop.A.issoldB.aresoldC.weresoldD.aregoingtosell33.Twenty-fiveyears___sinceIbeganlearningJapanese.A.ispassedB.haspassedC.havegonebyD.hasgoneby34.EithermyparentsorI___goingtoyourparty.A.isB.amC.areD.be35.___wassetencedtotenyears’imprisonmentfortheft.A.AcookandwaiterB.AcookandawaiterC.ThecookandawaiterD.Acookandthewaiter36.Eachgirlandeachparent___surprisedatwhattheteacherhaddone.A.wereB.wasC.amD.is37.Howwas___thathegotinjuredwhenhewashavingaPElesson?A./B.itC.thatD.he38.---Whoisit?---me.Openthedoor,please.A.That’sB.It’sC.ThisisD.There’s39.Theythought___importanttoknowthecauseofthatrarediseasesotheywenttotheAfricanjungles.A.itB.thatC./D.this40.___studentsinmyclassareinterestedinthecomics,and___boysareevenmadaboutthem.A.Mostofthe;someB.Mostof;someofC.Most;someofD.Mostof;some41.___thatglittersis___gold.A.Notall;notB.All;notC.All;/D.Allnot;/42.___hasgotthefirstprizewillbeannouncedatthemeetingthisafternoon.A.WhoB.WhomC.WhoeverD.Whomever43.___doesn’tworkhardwillbelookeddownupon.A.ThosewhoB.PeoplewhoC.AnyonewhoD.Who44.___isknowntoallthatcommunicationsinmoderntimesareveryimportant.A.AsB.WhichC.ThatD.It原则主语类型与谓语形式例句特点语法形式上的一致复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，换成代词时也要用复数形式，常见的有：trousers,glasses(眼镜)spectacles(眼镜),scissors(剪刀),scales(天平),goods(货物),clothes(衣服)等。Allthegoodshavebeendeliveredontime.主语是单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。短语pair(piece,basket,kind,type,form,box,glass…)of作主语时，谓语动词与pair(piece,basket,kind,type,form,box,glass…)保持一致。Herearetwopiecesofnews.Thatbasketofappleswasthrownawaytheotherday.不可数名词，动名词，不定式，从句作主语时，谓语常复数。Seeingisbelieving.Itisdeclaredthataterriblewarhasbrokenout.用and连接两个或两个以人的词，短语或句子作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。Swimmingandsingingaremyfavoritehobbies.and连接的并列单数主语名词前有no，each，every，manya等修饰，谓语动词用单数。Eachboyandeachgirlhascomehere.and连接的两个单数名词若指同一个人物(and之后的名词前无冠词)，则谓语动词用单数形式。Thefamouswriterandeditorwasfiredforno35\nreason.主语中心词之后有but(除了)，except(除了),like,aswellas,togetherwith,ratherthan(而不是)，with等修饰时，谓语动词与中心词一致。MsGao,togetherwithherbaby,waslostinastrangecity.-body,-one,-thing,either,each，any(任何一个),neither,much,little,alittle,agreatdealof,morethana/an/one等作主语或修饰主语时，谓语单数；each作主语的同位语时，谓语与主语保持一致。Eachofushasgotadictionary.WeeachhavebeentotheGreatWall.many,few,afew,several,anumberof等作主语或修饰主语时，谓语用复数形式。thenumberof作主语，谓语用单数。Thereareamunberofstudentsontheplayground.Thenumberofteachersinourschoolis30.意义内容上的一致therestof,.partof,分数及百分数作主语时或修饰主语时，谓语与它后面的名词或与它所代表的名词保持一致。Therestofwaterwasdrunkup.主语是单数形式复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式；主语是复数形式单数意义时，谓语动词用单数形式。AthirdofusareLeaguemembers.集体名词class,family,group,team,强调整体时，谓语用单数，强调成员时，谓语用复数。(这类名词前若有each,every,this,a修饰，说明它们是整体，谓语动词用单数。)Ourfamilyisabigone.Ourteamarebathing.Eachgrouphasaguideofitsown.主语中心词为数量，重量，距离，时间，金钱等名词，且被视为一个整体时，则谓语用单数，否则用复数。Twodaysisnotalongtime.Therearetwodaysleft.“the+形容词或分词”起名词作用充当主语时，若指人谓语常复数，若指事谓语常复数。Theoldareeasytocatchcold.Thetruealwaysexits.倒装句中的谓语动词应与其后面的主语一致BetweenthemsitsTom.表示总称意义的名词people(人们),police,cattle(牛),militia(陆军),poultry(家禽),folk(s)等作主语时，谓语复数。Peopleusuallyworkintheday.maths,news,physics,theUs,theUN及一些报刊名称虽以s结尾却是单数，作主语时谓语单数。Nonewsisgoodnews.means(手段，方法)，sheep,bellows(风箱，减压舱),species(种类),series(系列),works(工厂),lazybones,headquarters(司令部),links(高尔夫球场),fish(鱼),Japanese(日本人)等单复数同形的名词作主语时，根据具体情况，谓语动词选用单复数a.Allmeansareunpleasant.b.One(Every)meanshasnotbeentried.neither…nor,either…or,notonly…butalso,whether…or,or,not…but连接并列主语时EitherthetwinsorTomknowstheanswer.谓语动词与并列主语中最靠近它的词语保持人称和数的一致。35\n就近一致原则therebe之后出现并列主语时Thereisapenandtwopencilsonthedesk.35