高中英语时态总结 9页

英语时态一般时态：时态名称结构常连用的词基本用法一般现在时1.be动词用am/is/are，后接n./a./prep.often;usually;every…;sometimes;always;never;seldom;once/twice/…aweek/month/year;onSundays/Mondays/….;1)表示现在存在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。•Hetakesawalkaftersuppereveryday.•Thechildrengotoschoolatseveneverymorning.2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。•Thechildrendrawwell.•Doesshelikesports?3)表示客观事实或普遍真理。•Thesunrisesintheeast.•Twoplustwomakesfour.•Knowledgeispower.4）在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。•Whentheyleaveschool,theywillgotoworkinTibet.•IfYouseehim，willyoutellhimtoringme?•We'llvisitthecottonmillifitisfinetomorrow.5）表示安排或计划好的将来的动作(一般只限于某些表示移动的动词，如go，come，arrive,leave，begin,start等)，这种安排很固定，不易改变。•Thetrainstartsatteno'clockinthemorning.•Thefilmbeginsinaminute.•WhendoestheJapaneseYouthdelegationleaveforXi’an?2.行为动词用v.或v.-s、-es.9\n一般过去时1．be动词用过去式was或were表示。yesterday;thedaybeforeyesterday;lastweek/month/year/….;…ago;amomentago;justnow;on/in+过去的时间;1)表示过去的动作或状态•WehadagoodswimlastSunday.•Shesuddenlyfellillyesterday.2)叙述过去连续发生的一件件事。•Hegotupearlyinthemorning，fetchedwater，swepttheyardandthenwentouttowork.3)表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。•Whenmybrotherwasateenager，heplayedtabletennisalmosteveryday.•Itusedtobedifficulttogetdrinkingwaterhere.其他用法：(1)在宾语从句中，由于时态呼应的关系，可用一般过去时表示现在：•Ididn’tknowyouwerehere.我不知道你在这儿。(were实际上指现在)•Ididn’tknowyouweresobusy．我没想到你这么忙。(were实际上指现在)(2)表示客气委婉的现在：•Iwonderedifyouwerefreethisevening.不知您今晚是否有空。•Ithoughtyoumightlikesomeflowers.我想您也许想要些花。【注】能这样有的动词主要限于want,wonder,think,hope,intend等少数动词。(3)用于某些特殊结构中:•It’stimewestarted.我们该动身了。•IwishIknewhisname.要是我知道他的名字就好了。•I’dratheryoulivedclosertous.我希望你能住得离我们近点。【注】该用法主要用于it’s(high)time,Iwish,I’drather,ifonly,asif,asthough等少数结构后接从句的情形。(4)表主观想法的虚拟条件句也用一般过去时表示现在：•IfIhadthemoneynowI’dbuyacar.假若我现在有钱，我就买辆小汽车。(5)当主句中的谓语动词是现在完成时，since引导的从句用一般过去时。•IhavelivedinthehousesinceIcametothecity.•GreatchangeshavetakenplacesinceIvisitedthecity.2.行为动词用V-ed。9\n一般将来时1.will+v.tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow;soon;nextweek/month/year/...;theweek/month/year/...afternext;on/in+将来的时间；in+一段时间；.1)表示将来的动作或状态。•Mydaughterwillbetwelveyearsoldtomorrow.•TheindoorswimmingpoolwillbeopentothepublicfromOctober16.2)表示将来经常发生的动作。•Weshallworkinthisfactoryeveryday.2.is/am/are+goingto+V，表示计划打算做什么事。其他形式1)"begoingto+v.''多用于口语中，常表示打算、即将、决心去做的事或可能要发生的事。如：•WearegoingtovisittheMuseumofChineseHistory.我们要去参观中国历史博物馆。(表打算)•Tomstudiesveryhard.Heisgoingtotryforascholarship.汤姆学习非常努力，他将争取获得奖学金。(表决心)•Lookatthoseclouds.It'sgoingtorain.瞧那些云，要下雨了。(表估计可能)•Thewallisgoingtocollapse!那墙要倒塌了?(即将)2)go,come,leave,start等表示移动的动词，可用现在进行时来表示即将发生的动作。•Sheisgoingtothedentisttomorrowbecausesheishavingatoothache.•I'mcoming.3)"beaboutto+v."表示即将发生的动作。如：•TheEnglisheveningisabouttobegin.英语晚会即将开始。•Weareabouttoleave，sothereisnotimetovisithimnow.我们就要离开了，所以现在没有时间去看他。4)"betodo"表示安排或计划好了的动作等。如：•Theboysaretogotoschoolnextweek.这些男孩子下周要上学了。•HeandIaretomeetattheShanghaiRailwayStation.他和我约定在上海火车站见面。•I'mtobehomebeforemidnight.我午夜前回家。过去将来时was/weregoingto+V原形表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。•Theywantedtoknowwhenyouwouldfinishthearticle.•Weaskedhimwhereweshouldgotoworknextweek.would+V原形其他形式•Iwastoldthatthepressconferencewastobeheldthenextday.•Iwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.•Hetoldmehewasleavingsoon.进行时态：时态名称结构常连用的词主要用法is/am/are+V-ing　now；atpresent;1)表示此时此刻(说话人说话时)正在进行的动作。•－Whatareyoudoing?9\n现在进行时atthemoment;Look!(放在句首);Listen!(放在句首);－I'mdoingsomewashing.•Look!Itissnowing.2)表示现阶段正在进行着的动作，虽然此时此刻这个动作可能并不在进行。•Heisworkingonapaper.•Theyarecompilingadictionary.3)有时可表示将来发生的动作，有"意图"或"打算"的含义(用于go，come，stay，leave，start等表示移动的动词)。•TheyaretakingthechildrentothezooonSunday.•－WhatareyoudoingnextSunday?－I'mgoingonapicnicwithmywifeanddaughter.过去进行时was/were+V-ingatthattime;atthistimeyesterday;at+时间点+yesterday/lastnight;atthatmoment;1)表示过去一段时间正在发生的动作。•Iwaspracticingtheviolinateighto'clockyesterdayevening.•ShewasreadinganEnglishmagazinewhenIcamein.2）表示移动的动词go，come，start，stay，leave等的过去进行时，可以表示过去将来发生的动作。•TheywantedtoknowwhenwewereleavingforShanghai.将来进行时will/shallbev-ingatthistime+将来时间点1）表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。•ThistimetomorrowIshallbeflyingtoGuangzhou.•Whatwillyoubedoingateighttomorrowmorning?2）表示将来被客观情况所决定的动作或者按照安排将要发生的动作。•We'llbehavingteaafterdinnerasusual.•Theleaveswillbefallingsoon.过去将来进行时should/wouldbev-ing1)表示在过去的将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。•HeaskedmewhatIshouldbedoingattenthenextday.•Theysaidthattheywouldbeexpectingusthenextweek.2)表示在过去某一时间之后即将或按计划进行的动作。•Hesaidhecouldnotcomebecausehewouldbehavingameeting.完成时态：时态名称结构常连用的词主要用法现在完成时have/has+p.p（过去分词）already；just；before;yet(否定句中)；ever；never；since+时间点；1)表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚完成，汉语常用"了"或"过"来表示。•Wehavealreadysetupmanynewfactoriesinthisarea.•Thenewbookshavenotarrivedyet.9\nsince+一段时间+ago;by+现在时间；sofar;uptonow;tillnow;untilnow;recently/lately;•Manywesternershaveneverseenagiantpanda.2）还可表示动作发生在过去，并且一直延续到现在，甚至还可能继续延续下去。•－HowlonghaveyoubeeninBeijing?－IhavebeeninBeijingforfouryears.•Threeyearshavepassedsinceweleftschool.•Uptonow,Ihavefinishedtwo-thirdsofthework.3）在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来某个动作发生之前已完成的动作。•PerhapsI'llknowmoreEnglishafterIhavelearntitfortwoyears.特别注意：1.Thisis(Itis)thefirst/secondtimethat…句型中，常用现在完成时。但在“Itwasthesecondtimethat…”中，也能用过去完成时。•ThisisthesecondtimethatIhaveseenthefilm.•ThatwasthethirdtimethatIhadvisitedtheplace.2.Itis(hasbeen)…since句型中，主句常用现在完成时，从句用一般现在时。•Itis（hasbeen）threeyearssinceIbegantoworkonthestatefarm.3.在完成时中，一个瞬间性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语（for,since,howlong等）连用，此时必须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。buyhaveborrowkeepcatch/getacoldhaveacoldcome/arrive/reach/gettobebecomebegobeputonwearjoinbeingotoschoolbeastudentdiebedeadbegin/startbeonleavebeawayfallasleepbeasleepopenbeopenclose/shutbeclosedendbeovermarrybemarried•Hehascomebackforthreeweeks.(×)•Hehasbeenbackforthreeweeks.(√)•Thewriterhasdiedfortwoyears.(×)•Thewriterhasbeendeadfortwoyears.(√)•Hehasleftfor6days.(×)•Hehasbeenawayfor6days.(√)had+p.p（过去分词）过去的过去：by+过去的时间；1)过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前业已完成的动作。•Bytheendoflastweekwehadlearnedtenlessons.9\n过去完成时表“过去某动作或时间以前”的时间状语。•Intheexhibitionhesawmanyoilpaintingsthathehadneverseenbefore.2)表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作。•Itrainedyesterdayafterithadbeendryformanymonths.•Hesaidthatgreatchangeshadtakenplaceinhishometownsince1980.3)常用语nosooner…than…和hardly(scarcely)…when…句型的主句中，从句用一般过去时。（倒装）•Nosoonerhadhereachedhomethanitbegantorain.他一到家，就开始下雨了。•Hehadhardlygotonthetrainwhenthetrainstartedout.他刚上火车，火车就开了。4)在wouldrather,wouldprefer等后面的从句中，如果表示过去的动作或情况，用过去完成时。•I’dratheryouhadbeenhereyesterday.要是你昨晚在这就好了。将来完成时will/shallhave+p.pby+将来时间bythetime+将来时间表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作。•Bytheendofthisweek，Ishallhavefinishedthebook.•Thechildrenwillhavegonetosleepbythetimewegethome.•Whenyoucometonightateighto'clock，Ishallhavewrittenmypaper.过去将来完成时should/wouldhave+p.p表示在过去的将来的某一时间以前已经完成的动作。•Hesaidhewouldhavepaidbackthemoneybytheendoftheweek.•Wetoldhimthatweshouldhavereturnedtothecampbyfouro'clock.•IhopedshewouldhavefinishedtheworkbeforeIgotback.完成进行时时态名称结构主要用法现在完成进行时have/hasbeen+v-ing表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在。现在这个动作可能已经终止，也可能仍然在进行着。•Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.•Hehasbeenworkingonthepaperallday.•--HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?--IhavebeenlearningEnglishfortwoyears.注意：有些不能用现在进行时态的动词，如be，have，like，love，know，see，hear等，同样也不能用现在完成进行时，而只能用现在完成时。•Shehasbeenillforalongtime.9\n•Ihavenotseenyouforages.过去完成进行时hadbeen+V-ing表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去这个时间，这一动作可能还在进行，也可能已经停止。•Thebabyhadbeencryingforfifteenminuteswhenhermothercamein.•Theteacherhadbeenteachingforfortyyearsbythetimeheretired.•Itseemedtoherthattheboyshadbeenshoutingforalongtime.专项练习1.________aconcertnextSaturday?A.TherewillbeB.WilltherebeC.TherecanbeD.Thereare2.It’sgoodtoseeyouagain,Agnes.—ThishasbeenourfirstchancetovisitsincefromIran.A.youreturnB.youreturnedC.youhavereturnedD.returning3.Ifit________tomorrow,we’llgoroller-skating.A.isn’trainB.won’trainC.doesn’trainD.doesn’tfine4.ThereportersaidthattheUFO___easttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastravelingB.traveledC.hadbeentravelingD.wastotravel5.Sorry,Ican’topenthedoor,forI　thekeytoit.A.lostB.loseC.hadlostD.havelost6.“What'sthematter,Ali?Youlooksad.”“Oh,nothingmuch.Asamatteroffact,I___ofmyfriendsbackhome.”A.justthoughtB.havejustbeenthinkingC.wasjustthinkingD.havejustthought7.—DidyouexpectFranktocometotheparty?—No,butIhadhoped.A.himcomingB.himtocomeC.thathecomesD.thathewouldcome8.—Bobmustbeverywealthy.—Yes,hemoreinonedaythanIdoinaweek.A.hasbeenearnedB.hadearnedC.earnsD.hasearned9.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She___ataradioshopatthetime.A.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked10.She_____herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband____home.Ahasleft;comesBhadleft;wouldcomeChadleft;cameDleft;hadcome11.ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying12.---MrGordenaskedmetoremindyouofthemeetingthisafternoon.Don’tforgetit!---OK.I______.A.won'tB.don'tC.willD.do13.WhenIreachedhome,myparents__________theirsupper.A.arehaving　　B.havealreadyhadC.havehad　　　　　D.hadalreadyhad14.She__________inthisschool________thepasttenyears.A.wasteaching,since　　　　　　　B.hadbeenteaching,sinceC.wouldteach,for　　　　　　　　　D.hasbeenteaching,for15.IfirstmetTom10yearsago.He______inaradiofactoryatthattime.A.hadworkedB.hasworkedC.wasworkingD.hasbeenworking16.---What______whenIphonedyou?9\n---I______mywork,andIwantedtogoout.A.haveyoudone;finishedB.wereyoudoing;havefinishedC.didyoudo;hadjustfinishedD.wereyoudoing;hadjustfinished12.IusedtodrinkalotofteabutthesedaysI______coffee.A.preferB.preferredC.hadpreferredD.ampreferring13.Jimtalkedforabouthalfanhouryesterday.Never______himtalksomuch.A.IheardB.didIhearC.IhadheardD.hadIheard14.He___articlesforourwall-newspaperthesethreeyears,andhe____aboutfortyarticles.A.hasbeenwriting;haswrittenB.hadbeenwriting;wroteC.iswriting;hasbeenwritingD.haswritten;haswritten15.Whenhewasalive,theoldscientistusedtosaythatknowledge______frompracticeandhegainedhisexperiencebydoingalotofpracticalwork.A.wascomingB.hadcomeC.comesD.wouldcome16.---HowareyouplanningtotraveltoShanghai?---I______yet,butI______takingatrain.A.didn’tdecide;amconsideringB.haven’tdecided;considerC.haven’tdecided;amconsidering　D.hadn’tdecided;haveconsidered17.---Who’sthemanoverthere?---It’sJack.---Oh?______inItaly.A.Ithinkhe’sB.I’vethoughthe’sbeenC.IthoughthewasD.I’dthoughthe’dbeen18.IthoughtJimwouldsaysomethingabouthisschoolreport,buthe______it.A.doesn’tmentionB.hadn’tmentionedC.didn’tmentionD.hasn’tmentioned19.—Howlong________eachotherbeforethey________married?—Foraboutayear.A.havetheyknown;get　B.didtheyknow;getC.dotheyknow;aregoingtoget　D.hadtheyknown;got20.Wewouldliketogoandthankhimourselves，butwe________outhisaddressyet,A.haven’tfoundB.hadn’tfoundC.didn’tfindD.don’tfind21.Shirley________abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinished.A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting22.—DoyouknowwhenTom________fromabroad?—Perhapsitwillbealongtimebeforehe________back.A.willcome;willcomeB.comes;willcomeC.willcome;comesD.comes;comes23.ThepenI________I________isonmydesk，rightundermynose.A.think;lostB.thought;hadlostC.think;hadlostD.thought;lost24.Howeverhardyou________，youwillneversucceedinpleasingher.A.tryB.willtryC.shouldtryD.wouldtry25.Bythistimetomorrowwe________themachine.A.haverepairedB.shallhaverepairedC.willrepairD.wouldrepair26.I________theroomtobeemptybutfounditoccupied.A.hadthoughtB.havethoughtC.didn’tthinkD.wasthinking9\n9