高中英语模块复习-- 426页

ChapterISBIUnits1-2☆重点句型☆1.Whatshouldafriendbelike?询问对方的看法2.Ithinkhe/sheshouldbe…表示个人观点的词语3.Ienjoyreading/I'mfondofsinging/Ilikeplayingcomputergames.等表示喜好的词语4.Chuckisonaflightwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashes.“when"作并列连词的用法5.What/Who/When/Whereisitthat...?强调句的特殊疑问句结构6.WithsomanypeoplecommunicatinginEnglisheveryday,...“with+宾语+宾补”的结构做状语7.Canyoutellmehowtopronounce...?带连接副词(或代词)的不定式做宾补的用法☆重点词汇☆1.especiallyv.特别地2.imaginev.想像3.aloneadv./adj.单独，孤独的4.interestn.兴趣5.everydayadj.每天的，日常的6.desertedadj.抛弃的7.huntv.搜寻\n8.sharev.分享9.carev.在乎，关心10.totaln.总数11.majorityn.大多数12.survivev.生存，活下来13.adventuren.冒险14.scaredadj.吓坏的15.admitv.承认16.whileconj.但是，而17.boringadj.令人厌烦的18.exceptprep.除……之外19.qualityn.质量20.favouriteadj.最喜爱的☆重点短语☆1.befondof爱好2.treat…as…把……看作为……3.makefriendswith与……交朋友4.arguewithsb.about/oversth.与某人争论某事5.huntfor寻找6.inorderto为了7.share…with与……分享8.bringin引进；赚钱\n9.agreat/goodmany许多…10.havedifficulty(in)doing做……有困难11.endupwith以……结束12.exceptfor除……之外13.comeabout发生14.make(a)fire生火15.makeyourselfathome别拘束16.themajorityof大多数17.dropsb.aline给某人写短信18.forthefirsttime第一次19.atall根本；竟然20.havea(good)knowledgeof…精通……☆短语闯关☆下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?l.befond____喜欢，爱好of2.hunt____搜索。追寻，寻找for3.into____为了order4.care____担心，关心about5.such____例如，诸如as6.dropsba____给某人写信(通常指写短信)line\n7.makeoneselfat____别客气home8.____total总共in9.except____除了……之外for10.stay____不睡，熬夜up11.____about发生come12.end____with以……告终up13.bring____引进，引来in14.agreat____许许多多，极多many15.be____对……深感兴趣，深深迷上……into16.____theInternet上网surf17.____classes逃学，逃课skip18.get____聚会，相聚，聚集together19.beproud____为……感到骄傲of20.keepan____on照看，注意eye21.becurious____对……感到好奇about22.shut____(使)住口up23.joke____开玩笑about24.____thenameof以……名义in25.____thetime总是，一直all☆交际用语☆1.Ithink…Ilike/love/hate...\nIenjoy...Myinterestsare...2.Didyouhaveagoodflight?Youmustbeverytired.Justmakeyourselfathome.Ibegyourpardon?Canyoutellmehowtopronounce...?Getit.☆单词聚焦☆1.arguev.的用法▲构词：argumentn.1.[C]争论2.[U]讨论．辩论3.[C]论据▲搭配：①arguewith/againstsb.over/on/aboutsth.与某人争论某事②arguefor/againststh.辩论赞成／反对某事③arguethat...主张，认为，争辩说④arguesbinto/outofdoingsth.说服某人做／不做某事▲友情提示：“说服某人做／不做某事”还可表达为：talk/persuade/reasonsb.into/outofdoingsth.⑤settletheargument解决争端▲友情提示：anargumentwithsbabout/oversth.为某事和某人而发生的争执\n【考例】Whatlaughing____wehadaboutthesociallyrespectablemethodformovingspaghetti(意大利式细面条)fromplatetomouth.(2004全国卷I)A.speechesB.lessonsC.sayingsD.arguments[考查目标]argue名词形式的词义。[答案与解析]Dargument的词义是“争辩，辩论”。2.comparev.的用法▲构词：comparisonn.比较▲搭配：①compare...to...比拟；比作②compare...with/to...将……和……相比较③comparenotes对笔记；交换意见【考例】____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.(2004湖北)A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared[考查目标]compare的用法。[答案与解析]D本句compare用在句首作状语，并有“被比较”的意思。3.considerv.的用法▲构词：considerationn.考虑，思考；体谅，顾及▲搭配：①considerdoingsth.考虑做某事②considersb(tobe/as)...认为／觉得某人……③considerthat-clause认为……\n④takesthintoconsideration考虑⑤underconsideration在考虑中【考例】CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(NMET1993)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented[考查目标]consider的几种常见用法。[答案与解析]Cconsider本身是被动语态时，后接不定式的各种结构。如果表示已经发生的事情．用不定式的完成形式。4.desertedadj.空无一人的；被遗弃的；被抛弃的(1)空无一人的adesertedstreet/area空无一人的街道，地区；Theofficewasquitedeserted.办公室里空无一人。(2)被遗弃的adesertedchild被遗弃的孩子(3)desert['dezot]n.沙漠desert[dI'zo:t]vt.丢弃；遗弃Hedesertedhiswifeandchildrenafterbecomingrich.5.difficultyn.(1)difficulty(通常作复数)难事，难点，难题Shemetwithmanydifficultieswhentravelling.(2)在以下句型中，difficulty是不可数名词，不能用复数形式。have(some)difficulty(in)doingsth.干某事有困难\nthereis(some)difficulty(in)doingsth.have(some)difficultywithsth.在某事上有困难thereis(some)difficultywithsth.dosth.withdifficulty/withoutdifficulty困难地／轻而易举地做某事Wehadalotofdifficultyinfindingyourhouse.DoyouhaveanydifficultywithyourEnglish?【注意】(1)以上句型中，difficulty前可加some,little,much,alotof,no,any修饰(2)以上句型中，亦可用trouble来代替difficulty。6.favourite=favorite(A.E)最喜爱的；最喜爱的人或事物(1)adj.最喜爱的Myfavoritesportisplayingfootball.(2)n.[C]最喜爱的人或事物Heisafavoritewithhisuncle.7.fun的用法▲构词：funnyadj.有趣的．滑稽的，好笑的；奇特的，古怪的▲搭配：①makefunof取笑；嘲弄；开某人的玩笑②(just)for/infun=(just)forthefunofit取乐，非认真地，说／做着玩的③befulloffun……很好玩④havefunwithsb.和某人开一个玩笑\n⑤have(some)fun玩得(很)高兴，玩得(很)开心⑥It's(great)funtodosth干某事很有趣；干某事真是一件趣事；干某事真开心⑦Whatfun(itis)todosth!干某事多么有趣呀!⑧havealotoffundoingsth干某事玩得很开心【考例】(200上海春招)Thisisnotamatch.We'replay-ingchessjustfor____.A.habitB.hobbyC.funD.game[考查目标]fun构成的短语forfun的意思。[答案与解析]C，forfun常在句中用作状语，意思是“说／做着玩的”。8.imagine的用法▲构词：①imaginationn.[C/U]想像，想像力，想像的事物②imaginativeadj.富有想像力的▲搭配：①imaginesth/doingsth②beyond(all)imagination(完全)出乎意料地【考例】IcanhardlyimaginePeter___acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.(MET1991)A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed[考查目标]imagine的基本用法。[答案与解析]Cimagine后接动词的-ing形式，本句的Peter是这个动名词的逻辑主语。\n9.interest的用法interestvt.使……感兴趣n.兴趣，爱好[U]利息；利润Hehasagreatinterestinpolitics.他对政治极感兴趣。/abroadinterest广泛的利益/acommoninterest共同的利益/astronginterest极强的兴趣▲构词：①interesting令人感兴趣的(事物)②interested(某人对某事)有兴趣的▲搭配：①interestsbinsth使某人注意，关心或参入某事；使某人对某事感兴趣②beinterestedin对……感兴趣(关心)③haveaninterestinsth./indoingsth.对某方面有兴趣(关心)；在……中有股份、权益等④holdone'sinterest吸引住某人的兴趣⑤intheinterest(s)of为……利益；为……起见；对……有利⑥loseinterestin对……不再感兴趣⑦show/take(an)interestin/indoingsth.对……表示关心(有兴趣)⑧have/take/feelnointerestin对……不(不太)感兴趣⑨withinterest有兴趣地，津津有味地⑩develop/find/feelinterestinsth./indoingsth.在某方面培养／有兴趣⑪loseinterestinsth./indoingsth.对某方面失去兴趣有时interest可与不定冠词连用。Hedevelopedaninterestinscience.另外：interest作“爱好”解时，是可数名词。Hisinterestsincludereadingandtennis.\n【考例】____,theyimmediatelysuggestedthatsheputthemtogethertomakeasingleonelongstoryandpaidTracya$50,000advance.(2004全国卷II)A.InterestedB.AnxiouslyC.SeriouslyD.Encouraged[考查目标]interest派生词的词义和用法。[答案与解析]Ainterested指(出版商)对这件事有兴趣。10.prove的用法▲构词：①proofn.证据。试验，考验，(印刷)校样▲搭配：①provesthtosb向某人证实……②provetosbthat从句向某人证实……③prove(oneself)tobe证明(自己)是，表现出【考例】Itwasintheneighboringcountry—UnitedStatesthatsuchresistancetospraywasfirst____.(05长春模拟)A.provedB.killedC.thoughtD.discussed[考查目标]考查prove的意思。[答案与解析]A本题wasproved的意思是“得到证实”，有被动意味。11.provide的用法▲构词：①providern.供给者，供应者，养家者②provided/providingconj.倘若▲搭配：providesbwithsth/sthtosb给……提供；以……装备\n【考例】Hisson____theoldmanwithallthefoodandthemoneyheneeded.A.providedB.fedC.affordedD.charred[考查目标]考查provide的词义。[答案与解析]Aprovide与with搭配，意思是“向某人提供某物”。12.share的用法▲搭配：①share(in)sth.withsth.和某人分享、分担、共用某物②sharesth(out)between/among...将某物分配、分给……③sharejoys/happinessandsorrows(withsb)(和某人)同甘共苦④shareone'sopinion同意某人的意见【考例】LetHarryplaywithyourtoysaswell,Clare—youmustlearnto____.(NMET2000)A.supportB.careC.spareD.share[考查目标]此题主要考查在语境中选择动词的能力。[答案与解析]D四个选项的含义分别为：support支持；care在意，关心；spare挤出(时间)，匀出某物；share分享，分担，与某人合用。根据语境可知说话者是想让Clare学会与人共享——把玩具(拿出来)和Harry一起玩，share在此意为“合用玩具”，解此题的关键是信息playwithyourtoysaswell。故D为最佳答案。13.solve的用法▲构词：solutionn.1.[C](问题的)解答；(困难的)解决方法2.[U]解答，解决3.[U]溶解\n▲搭配：thesolutionto解决……的办法【考例3】Intheend,onesuggestionseemstobethesolution____theproblem.(2001北京春招)A.withB.intoC.forD.to[考查目标]solve名词solution的相关搭配。[答案与解析]D“对于……的解决办法”，介词用to。14.totaln./adj.全部(的)(1)intotal加起来Intotal,theremusthavebeen20000peoplethere.(2)atotalof总共Hisexpenses(支出)reachedatotalof$100.(3)thetotalof...……的总数Thetotal0fthebillis230dollars.15.whenconj.when并列连词，=andthen，表示“就在那时，突然”，常见以下句型中：(1)bedoing...when...正在做……突然……Iwaswanderingthroughthestreetswhenlcaughtsightofatailor'sshop.(2)haddone...when...刚做了……突然……Ihadjustsatdownwhenthelightwentout.(3)beabouttodo...when...刚要做……突然……Iwasjustabouttogoswimmingwhenourguidesawmeandshoutedatme.\n16.whileconj.(1)while从属连词，引导时间状语从句，从句动词用延续性动词，主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程之中。Comeon,getthesethingsawaywhileImakethetea.(2)并列连词，表前后两个分句意义相反或相对，意为“然而”。Somepeoplewastefoodwhileothershaven'tenough.(3)放在句首，表示“尽管；虽然”，相当于although。Whilewedon'tagree,wecontinuetobefriendly.[牛刀小试1]用所给单词的适当形式填空：(compare，interest，fun，solve，argue，consider，share)1.Allthenovelsareconsidered____theyoungreadersinthe1980s.(tohaveinterested)2.Bobthoughtit____tosolvemathsproblemswhileothershatedit.(fun)3.Theheadmasterignoredthe____betweenMrs.Wangandhisnephew.(argument)4.Wecan'tdecide.Theplanneedstobe____.(considered)5.____withClassTwo,ourshasmoreboystudents.(Compared)6.Ifindabetterway____thisproblem.(tosolve)7.Nearlyhalfofthecompanies____thesameopinionwiththegovernment.(share/shared)【词语比较】\n1.especially,speciallyespeciallyadv.特殊地；尤其是(1)侧重于多种事物或人中比较突出的。Ilikeallthesubjectsatschool,especiallyEnglish.(尤其是英语)(2)especially后可接介词短语或从句。IliketheYueluMountains,especiallyinspring.(尤其是在春天)Noiseisunpleasant,especiallywhenyouaretryingtosleep.specially侧重特意地、专门地做某事(后面常接forsb.或todosth.)Imadeachocolatecakespeciallyforyou.2.boring,bored,boreboringadj.令人厌烦的Thebookisveryboring.boredadj.感到厌烦的I'mboredwiththebook.borevt.令人厌烦Thisbookboresme.有些表示情感的及物动词，有与bore类似的用法。如：interest,excite,surprise,amaze,frighten,astonish,move,inspire,touch,scare,disappoint,puzzle,worry这类词的现在分词形式，为“令人……”；过去分词形式，为“感到……”。3.exceptfor,except,but,besides表示“除了”的词或短语有：except;but;exceptfor;besides;exceptthat(when...)等。\n(1)except和but都表示“除了……之外。没有”，二者大多数情况下可以互换；但在no,all,nobody,nothing,noone等词后多用but。Nooneknowsourteacher'saddressexcept/buthim.(排除him)(2)besides除……之外，还……，有附加性。WhatotherforeignlanguagesdoyouknowbesidesEnglish?(English与otherlanguages都属于know的范围)(3)exceptfor只不过……，整体肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同类事物，for表示细节上的修正。Yourarticleiswellwrittenexceptforafewspellingmistakes.4.know,knowof,knowabout(1)know用作动词，意思是“(直接地)获知，懂得，认识，熟悉”。Idon'tknowwhetherheishereornot./Iknowhimtobehonest.(2)knowof和knowabout的意思都是“(间接地)获知”，指听别人说到或从书报上看到，二者没有什么区别。5.forexample;suchas(1)forexample“例如”，用来举例说明某一论点或情况。一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。可用forinstance替换。Forexample,airisinvisible./Hisspellingisterrible!Lookatthisword,forexample.\n(2)suchas“例如”，用来列举事物，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as后面不可有逗号。SomeoftheEuropeanLanguagescomefromLatin,suchasFrench,ItalianandSpanish.[注意]如把前面所述情况全部举出，用thatis或namely。☆短语归纳☆1.含all的短语1)firstofall首先(强调顺序)2)inall(=intotal=altogether)总共3)afterall毕竟，终究4)atall到底，根本5)aboveall最重要的是(强调重要性)6)not(...)atall(=not(...)intheleast)根本不，一点也不7)allthetime始终，一直8)allofasudden(=suddenly)突然，冷不防9)allright行，可以10)allatonce立刘，马上11)alldayandallnight日日夜夜12)allover遍及13)allalone独个儿，独立地14)allbut几乎，差一点15)allinall总的说来\n16)alltogether一道，同时，总共17)forall尽管[例句]Iwokeupanddidn'thearhimatall.我醒了，一点儿也没有听到他说话。/Hehadsomanyfallsthathewasblackandblueallover.他摔了很多跤，以至于浑身青一块紫一块的。/Youshouldn'tscoldher.Afterall,sheisonlyfiveyearsold.你不应该责怪他，毕竟，她只有五岁。/Childrenneedmanythings,butaboveall,theyneedlove.孩子需要许多东西，最重要的是，需要爱。/Youmusthaveknownitallthetime.你一定一直知道这事。【考例】PeoplemayhavedifferentopinionsaboutKaren,butIadmireher.____,sheisagreatmusician.(2004甘肃、青海)A.AfterallB.AsaresultC.InotherwordsD.Asusual[考查目标]主要考查四个短语的用法。[答案与解析]Aafterall意为“毕竟．终究”；asaresult意为“结果”；inotherwords意为“换句话说”；asusual意为“像往常一样”。本句意思是：虽然人们对她看法不一。但我还是佩服她。因为她毕竟是一个伟大的音乐家。【考例】I'dliketobuyahouse--modern,comfortable,and____inaquietneighborhood.(2004福建)A.inallB.aboveallC.afterallD.atall\n[考查目标]主要考查all构成的四个短语。[答案与解析]Binall意为“总共”；aboveall意为“最重要的是”；afterall意为“毕竟”；atall意为“到底”。本句话意思是：我想买一个房子，现代的、舒服的，但最重要的是在一个安静的地区。2.atall(1)用在肯定句中，“竟然”I'msurprisedthatyoucameatall.(2)用在否定句中，“一点也不”Therewasnothingtoworryaboutatall.(3)用在疑问句中，“到底”“究竟”Haveyoubeenthereatall?(4)用在条件句中，“真的，确实”Ifyoudoitatall,doitwell.3.含“be+形容词+介词”的短语1)begoodat擅长于2)beinterestedin对……感兴趣3)bepleased/satisfied/contentwith对……满意4)befamousfor因……而出名5)bekind/goodto对……好6)belostin沉湎于7)beactivein在某方面积极8)besureabout/of确信9)beafraidof害怕10)befullof充满\n11)befilledwith充满12)bemadeof/from由……组成13)begenerousto对……慷慨14)bepopularwith受欢迎15)beconfidentof确信16)befondof喜欢，喜爱17)beangrywith/at对……发脾气18)belatefor迟到19)beamazed/surprised/astonished/shockedat对……感到惊讶20)bebusydoing忙着做……21)beexcitedabout对……感到兴奋22)beworriedabout担心23)beusedfor/as用于24)becuriousabout对……好奇[例句]LinLinisconfidentofhisabilitytogetworkforhimself.林林确信自己有能力做这活。Hewasgeneroustoeverybodywithmoney,asaresult,hesavedlittle.他对谁花钱都很慷慨，结果没有攒到多少钱。Sheisveryactiveinhelpingthepoor.在帮助穷人方面，她很热心。Popmusicispopularwiththeyounggeneration.流行歌曲受年轻一代的欢迎。Lostinthought,hedidn'trealizethatIcamein.他陷入思考之中，没有意识到我进来了。Iwasamazedatthesightsothat\nIdidn'tknowwhattodo.看到这一幕我非常惊讶，不知道该做什么。StudentsinSenior3arebusypreparingforthecomingfinalexam.高三学生在忙于准备即将到来的期末考试。【考例l】(2005重庆)--Youknow,Bobisalittleslow____understanding,so...--SoIhavetobepatient____him.A.in;withB.on;withC.in;toD.at;for[考查目标]同定搭配中介词的选择。[答案与解析]Abeslowin意为“在……方面反应迟钝”，bepatientwith意为“对……有耐心”。4.endupwith...以……结束(1)endupwith+n.以……结束ThepartyendedupwiththesingingofAuldLangSyne.(2)endupas...最后成为…Hewillendupasapresidentsomeday.(3)endup+地点状语最后(有……结局)Ifyoudriveyourcarlikethat,you'llend(up)inhospital.5.“make+名词”短语①makeanoise吵闹②makefaces做鬼脸，做苦脸③makeroomfor给……腾出地方④makethebed整理床铺\n⑤makephonecalls打电话⑥makefriendswith交朋友⑦makemoney赚钱⑧makeuseof利用⑨makeadecision做出决定⑩makeamistake犯错误[例句]Theboymadeafaceathisteacherwhensheturnedherback.老师转身时，男孩朝老师做了个鬼脸。Workinginthekitchenmadetheboyintoagoodcook.在厨房里干活使男孩成为一位优秀厨师。Theyweremovedouttoanearbyhotel,tomakeroomformoreimportantpersons.为了给更重要的人物腾出地方，他们被搬到了附近的一家旅店。【考例】TheideapuzzledmesomuchthatIstoppedforafewsecondstotryto____.(2003北京春招)A.makeitoutB.makeitoffC.makeitupD.makeitover[考查目标]主要考查make短语。[答案与解析]Amakeout意为“领悟、弄明白、发现真相”makeoff意为“连忙跑掉”；makeup意为“弥补、打扮、组成”；makeover意为“转让、改造”。因为受到迷惑，所以应该是试图发现真相。【考例】\n--Whenshallwestart?--Let's____itat8:30.Isthatallright?(2002北京)A.setB.meetC.makeD.take[考查目标]此题主要考查make短语。[答案与解析]Cmakeit“规定时间”为固定短语。本句话意思是“把出发的时间定在8点半”。set意思是“对时间”、“调时间”。6.makefire点火有以下fire(n.)短语:beonfire着火了(表示状态)/catchfire燃着；着火(表示动作)/playwithfire玩火；干冒险的事/Setsth.onfire=setfiretosth.放火烧……/make(a)fire点火；生火/start(cause)afire引起火灾[注意]fire作“火灾”“一堆火”解时，为可数名词。7.agreat/goodmany许多(1)agreat/goodmany+名词复数，中间无“of”。Agreatmanypeoplehaveseenthefilm.(2)agreat/goodmany+of+the/these/those/one's+名词复数Agreatmanyofthepeoplehaveseenthefilm.8.makeyourselfathome别拘束(1)makeyourselfathome别拘束(主人对客人说的委婉语)--Goodevening,Jim.--Goodevening,Mary.Comeinandmakeyourselfathome.\n(2)(all)byoneself独自(没有别人帮助)Youcan'tpossiblydoitallbyyourself.(3)enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得高兴Pleaseenjoyyourselfwhileyou'respendingyourholidayinHawaii.(4)foroneself亲自;为自己Thestudentwantstothinkitforhimself./Oneshouldnotliveforoneselfalone.(5)ofoneself自动地Thedoorclosedofitselfsuddenly.(6)beoneself身体或情绪好Iamnotmyselftoday.(7)helponeselfto+n./pron.随便……Pleasehelpyourselftothefish．(8)inoneself本身Thisisnotabadideainitself.(9)cometooneself苏醒Theinjuredmancametohim-selfinfiveminutes.(10)betweenourselves私下说的话Allthisisbetweenourselves.9.themajorityof...大多数的……(1)a/themajorityof+名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词多用复数。themajority单独作主语，谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可。Themajorityofpeopleseemtopreferwatchinggamestoplayinggames./Themajoritywere(was)infavouroftheproposal.(2)byamajorityof+数字，以超过……票的多数Shewontheelectionbyamajorityof900votes.\n10.treat…as…把…看做…Thekindladytreatedmeasherowndaughter.【比较】表示“认为”的短语还有：regard…as…consider…(as)…thinkof…as…lookon/upon…as…take…for…[注意]在consider…as…短语中as可省略，其他短语中不可。[牛刀小试2]1.Ifyouare____aboutAustraliancities,justreadthebookwrittenbyDr.Johnson.A.interestedB.anxiousC.upsetD.curious2.Herson,____whomshewasso____,wentabroad10yearsago.A.of;lovedB.for;caredC.to;devotedD.on;affected3.Inordertocontinuetolearnbyourselveswhenwehaveleftschool,wemust____learnhowtostudyintheschoolnow.A.inallB.afterallC.aboveallD.atall4.--IamsorryIdidn'tdoagoodjob.--Nevermind.____,youhavetriedyourbest.A.AboveallB.InallC.AtallD.Afterall5.Sincewecan'tfindabiggerapartment,we'llhaveto____whatwehave.\nA.hopeforthebestB.makeroomforC.makethebestofD.layourhopeon(DCCDC)【句型归纳】1.Idon'tenjoysinging,nordoIlikecomputers.我不喜欢唱歌，也不喜欢电脑。/RockmusicisOK,andsoisskiing.摇滚音乐还可以，滑雪也行。这两句中nor与so用于倒装结构。例如：Idon'tknow,nordoIcare.我不知道，也不关心。so的常见句型有：(1)so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语(意为“主语也……”)(2)neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语(意为“主语也不……”)(3)soitis/waswithsb/sth和soitis/wasthesamewithsb/sth(意为“主语也……”)(用在前文有两个或以上的从句，而且分句有不同的谓语或既有肯定又有否定以及既有系动词义有行为动词的情况)(4)so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词(意为“主讲确实如此”)，表示进一步肯定。(5)主语+did+so(意为“主语按照吩咐做了”)。【考例】Maryneverdoesanyreadingintheevening,____.(2005全国III)A.sodoesJohnB.Johndoestoo\nC.Johndoesn'ttooD.nordoesJohn[考查目标]nor表示“也不”引导的倒装结构。[答案与解析]D由never可以判断该句为否定句。空格处句意为“约翰也没读书”。nor,so,neither可引起倒装句。2.Chuckisabusinessmanwhoisalwayssobusythathehaslittletimeforhisfriends.查克是个生意人，他总是那么忙，几乎没有时间和朋友在一起。该句中so...that...和such...that...都能连接结果状讲从句，但要注意词序不同。例如：Joanissuchalonelygirlthatallofuslikeher.=Sheissolovelyagirlthatwealllikeher.常见句型：(1)such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+thatclause(2)such+形容词+复数可数名词+thatclause(3)such+形容词+不可数名词+thatclause(4)so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+thatclause(5)so+形容词/副词+thatclause(6)so+many/few+复数可数名词+thatclause(7)so+much/little+不可数名词+thatclause注意：①当little不表示数量“少”而表示“小”的意思时，仍然要用such。②当so+adj./adv.或such+n.位于句首时，主句需要倒装。\n【考例】Sodifficult____ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglish.(2001上海)A.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeelD.didIfeel[考查目标]so+adj.位于句首时，主句倒装。[答案与解析]DA、C语序不对，排除。B时态不对。3.OnedayChuckisonaflightacrossthePacificOceanwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashes.一天，查克在飞越太平洋时．他的飞机突然坠毁了。该句中的“when”表示“正在这时”，相当于andjust或andatthattime.这时不能用while/as替换。常见句型：(1)beabouttodosthwhen...(2)bedoingsthwhen...(3)beonthepointofdoingsthwhen...【考例】Wewereswimminginthelake____suddenlythestormstarted.(2004北京春招)A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before[考查目标]"when"作连词，表示“正在这时”。[答案与解析]A意为“我正在湖中游泳，突然暴风雨来了。”只有when才能用于这种句型。4.Hehastolearnhowtocollectwater,huntforfood,andmakefire.他不得不学会收集淡水．寻找食物，生火什么的。\n该句中的“howItocollect...”为动词不定式短语作宾语。例如：Wemustdecidewhichonetobuy.疑问词which,what,how,when,where等与小定式构成不定式短语。【考例】I'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknewwhat____inmynewjob.(NMET2000)A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects[考查目标]whattodosth不定式短语作宾语。[答案与解析]B该句需要填非谓语动词。排除A、D。句意为“以前我与孩子在一块儿工作过。因此我知道我的新工作需要什么。”C不表示进行，排除C。5.Inordertosurvive,Chuckdevelopedafriendshipwithanunusualfriend—avolleyballhecalledWilson.为了生存下去，查克和一位不寻常的朋友--“排球”建立了友谊，查克叫他威尔森。1.该句中的"inorderto"，意思为“为了，以便”，作目的状语。在句子中作同的状语的常见句型有五种结构：todosth/inordertodosth/soastodosth/inorderthatclause/sothatclause注意：(1)soastodosth不能位于句首。(2)如果主句与从句的主语一致时，四个结构可以相互转换。(3)在inorderthat/sothat引导的从句中，谓语动词常与can,could,may,might等情态动词连用。\n【考例】(2005北京)I'dliketoarrive20minutesearly____Icanhavetimeforacupoftea.A.assoonasB.asaresultC.incaseD.sothat[考查目标]目的状语。[答案与解析]Dassoonas“一…就…”；asaresult“结果是”；incase“万一”；sothat“以便，为的是”。句意：“我想提前二十分钟到以便有时间喝杯茶”。2.该句子中volleyball是作同位语。例如：Headvisedfarmerstochoosethebestseed-heads,theonesthathadthebestcolor.注意：这种同位语(不是同位语从句)与非限制性定语从句的区别。【考例】(NMET2002)Meetingmyuncleaftertheseyearswasanunforgottenmoment,____Iwillalwaystreasure.A.thatB.oneC.itD.what[考查目标]one作同位语，指代amoment。[答案与解析]Bthat不能引导非限制性定语从句，排除A；if不能作同位语，排除C；what既不能引导非限制定语从句，也不能作同位语。可以填which，这样就成了非限制性定语从句。6.ForalongtimethelanguageinAmericastayedthesame,whilethelanguageinEnglandchanged.长期以来，美国英语保持不变，但英国英语变化了。\n1.该句中的“while"用作并列连词．表示前后对比，意为“然而”。“while"充当连词，还能引导时间状语从句。意为“duringthetimethat…”；引导让步状语从句，意为“although…”。2.该句中的"stay"为系动词。后接表语(thesame)。除了stay外，常见的系动词还有:become,get,turn,grow,go,come,run,fall,keep,stay,remain。【考例】(NMET2003)Whydon'tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill____freshforseveraldays.A.bestayedB.stayC.bestayingD.havestayed[考查目标]系动词的用法。[答案与解析]B系动词没有被动语态，一般不用进行时态，排除A、C；句意不是表示完成，排除D。系动词表示状态。7.forthefirsttime第一次(1)forthefirsttime第一次，后面不加从句，在句中作状语TheycametoBeijingforthefirsttime.(2)thefirsttime名词短语，在从句中充当连词，后接时间状语从句，不接that，when等连词。有同样用法的短语还有：everytime;nexttime;thelasttimeTheylikedBeijingthefirsttimetheywentthere.(3)It's/Thisisthefirsttimethat+从句(用现在完成时)这是……的第一次It'sthefirsttimethatIhaveeverbeenabroadatall.\n8.Whatisitthat...?是什么……?强调句的用法：(1)结构：Itis/Itwas(过去时间)+被强调部分+that/who(专指人)+其他部分(2)用法：除了谓语动词不能强调，句子的每部分均可强调。Jimmetthestudentinthestreetlastweek.主语宾语地点状语时间状语强调主语：ItwasJimwho/thatmetthestudentinthestreetlastweek.强调宾语：Itwasthestudentwhom/thatJimmetinthestreetlastweek.强调地点状语：ItwasinthestreetthatJimmetthestudentlastweek.强调时间状语：ItwaslastweekthatJimmetthestudentinthestreet.(3)注意点：一般疑问句的强调句：WasitDrWangwhospoketoyoujustnow?特殊疑问句的强凋句：Whoisitthatwillvisitourclass?Whereisitthathehasgone?Whenwasitthatshewent?\nnot…until…用于强调句：ItwasnotuntilthenthatIrealizedIwaswrong.[牛刀小试3]1.--Iwouldneverevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible!--____.(2004广西)A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldIC.SamewithmeD.SodoI2.Wecan'timagine____littlemicecaneatup____manycropseveryyear.A.so;soB.such;soC.such;suchD.so;so3.Jasminewasholidayingwithherfamilyinawildlifepark____shewasbittenonthelegbyalion.A.whenB.whileC.sinceD.once4.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovern-mentknows____.(NMET2002)A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit5.Rosesneedspecialcare___theycanlivethroughwinter.(2004天津)A.becauseB.sothatC.evenifD.as(BBACB)【交际速成】\n1.Talkingaboutlikesanddislikes.谈论喜欢和不喜欢--IenjoyChinesefoodverymuch.--____.(03东北三校)A.PleasetastequicklyB.Havemore,pleaseC.HelpyourselfD.Eatslowlywhileitishot[答案与解析]C本题主要考查具体语境下“对事物喜好”的表达及应答。A项不礼貌，B、D两项属汉语习惯，C项符合此时英语语境。【归纳】英语中常见表达喜欢和不喜欢态度的用语有：(1)Thisbookisveryinteresting.(2)Ilike/lovethemovie(verymuch).(3)Ilike/lovetoplaycomputergames.(4)Iliketakingphotos.(5)Ienjoylisteningtomusic.(6)I'minterestedinscience.Myhobbies/interestsare...(7)Heisfondofmusic.(8)Thissongisbad/awful.(9)Idon'tlikethemovieverymuch/atall.(10)Idon'tenjoycollectingstamps.(11)Ihatetodohomework.Ihatedancing,(12)I'mnotintoclassicmusic.(13)Ithinkthatclassicmusicisterrible/boring.2.Makingapologies道歉--I'msorryI'mcallingyousolate.--____Okay.\n(2003北京春招)A.ThisisB.You'reC.That'sD.I'm[答案与解析]C本题主要考查英语中道歉及应答用语。A、B、D三项不符合交际英语的习惯，故C项正确。【归纳】英语中常见道歉用语有：(1)I'mverysorry.Ididn'tmeanto(hurtyourfeelings).(2)I'mterriblysorryaboutthat.(3)I'mafraidI'vebroughtyoutoomuchtrouble.(4)Pleaseexcusemecominglate.(5)Pleaseforgiveme.(6)Excuseme,please.(7)Ibegyourpardon.应答表达有：(1)That's/It'sallright.(2)That's/It'sOK.(3)Nevermind.(4)Itdoesn'tmatter.(5)It'snothing.(6)Forgetit.(7)Don'tworryaboutthat.(8)Don'tmentionit.\n3.Talkingaboutlanguagedifficultiesincommunication谈论语言交际困难--I'msorry.Ican'tcatchyou.____--OK,it'sB—L—A—C—K.A.Wouldyoupleasewalkslowly?B.Idon'tunderstandyou．C.What'sthemeaningofthisword?D.Wouldyoupleaserepeatitmoreslowly?[答案与解析]D本题主要考查语言交际困难的功能意念。catch在整个语境中是“听见，听清”的意思，A项错误理解了catch在此处的意思，B、C两项语义不连贯，故正确答案是D。【归纳】英语中常见的谈论语言交际困难的用语有：(1)Pardon?/Ibegyourpardon.(2)Sorry,Ican'tfollowyou.(3)Canyouspeakmoreslowly,please?(4)Howdoyousay...inEnglish.'?(5)Idon'tknowhowtosaythatinEnglish.(6)Idon'tknowthewordinEnglish.(7)Howdoyouspellit,please?(8)I'msorryIonlyknowalittleEnglish.(9)Couldyourepeatthat,please?Couldyousaythatagain,please?\n(10)Whatdoyoumeanbykillingtime?[牛刀小试4]1.--____Ididn'thearyouclearly.It'stoonoisyhere.--Iwassayingthatthepartywasgreat.A.Repeat.B.Onceagain.C.Sorry?D.Sowhat?2.--Doyoulikeahousewithnogarden?--____.Butanyhow,it'sbettertohaveonethannone.A.NotabitB.NotalittleC.NotreallyD.Notspecially3.--I'msorryforsteppingonyourfoot?--____.A.It'sOKB.YouarewelcomeC.It'syourfaultD.Neveryoumind4.--Whatyousaidatthemeetinghurtmebadly!--Sorry.But____.A.Ididn'tmeanitB.Ididn'tmeantoC.Idon'tmeanitD.Idon'tmeanto5.--Youseemtoshowinterestincooking.--____?Onthecontrary,I'mtiredofit.A.ReallyB.PardonC.OKD.What(CCABD)【精典题例】\n1.--Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.--____,and____.A.Sohehas;sohaveyouB.Sohashe;sohaveyouC.Sohehas;soyouhaveD.Sohashe;soyouhave【解析】选A答句中的he指David，不倒装。“Sohaveyou”意为“你也一样(取得了进步)”。2.Little____whatothersthink.A.doeshecareaboutB.careheaboutC.aboutheearedD.aboutcaredhe【解析】选Alittle为否定副词，置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装。3.Atschool,whatheenjoys____football.A.playingB.toplayC.isplayingD.played【解析】选Cwhatheenjoys为主语从句，谓语动词为be，表语为playingfootball。不要误以为playing是enjoy的宾语而误选A。4.Atthe____news,allthewomenpresentburstoutcrying.A.unexpectingB.disappointingC.disappointedD.interesting【解析】选B联系语境，所有在场的妇女都哭了，因此为disappointing"令人失望的(消息)”。5.Hewasabouttotellmethesecret____someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.asB.untilC.whileD.when\n【解析】选D"when"表示“就在这时，突然”。6.Thewolfsaidina____voiceandthescholarfelt____.A.frightening;frightenedB.frightened;frightenedC.frightened;frighteningD.frightening;frightening【解析】选Afrightening“令人害怕”；frightened“感到害怕”。7.Inour____life,Englishis____used.A.everyday;wideB.everyday;widelyC.everyday;wideD.everyday;widely【解析】选Beveryday“日常的，每天的”；widely“广泛地”。8.--Hello,Mary.I'vegotagirlfriend.--What'sshelike?--____.A.Idon'tknowB.She'slikehermother,notfatherC.ShelikesmusicD.Nothad!Quitepretty【解析】选D表外表给人的印象。9.Thefire____forhalfanhourbeforethefirefightersarrived.A.hadputoutB.wasputoutC.hadbeenoutD.hadbrokenout【解析】选Cbeout"火熄灭”，表示状态。10.Ithasbeensuggestedthattheland____equallyamongthepeasants.A.besharedB.shouldbesparedC.savedD.bespent\n【解析】选Asuggest后用虚拟语气。beshared前可省略should。11.Shetook____inphysicsandread____onthesubject.A.interest;asbooksmanyasshecouldB.aninterest;asmanybooksasshecouldC.interested;asmanybooksasshecanD.interests;asbooksasshecould【解析】选B根据短语搭配和时态一致可知。12.--How'stheyoungman?--____.A.He'stwentyB.He'sadoctorC.HeismuchbetterD.He'sDavid【解析】选Chowissb.“某人身体如何”。13.LetHarryplaywithyourtoysaswell.Clare,youmustlearnto____.A.supportB.careC.spareD.share【解析】选Dshare“分享”；support“支持”；care“在意”；spare“抽出(时间)。节余”。14.Thenewdresslookswonderfulonyou____thecollar.A.besidesB.exceptC.besideD.exceptfor【解析】选D“美中不足的是领子”，表示部分修正。15.--Whataboutyourclassmate,Susan?--Ourteacher____heragoodandcleverstudent.A.regardsB.believesC.suggestsD.considers\n【解析】选Dconsideras…“认为……是……”，as可省略。\n\nChapter2SBIUnits3-4☆重点句型☆1.Insteadofspendingyourvacationonabus,...youmaywanttotryhiking.Instead和instead0f的用法2.Say"Hi"/"Hello"/"Thanks"tosb.(forme)问候的句型3.Isanybodyseeingyouoff?进行时表将来4.Shestruggledandstruggled,andcouldnotgetonherfeet.(=keepstruggling)5.Youshouldnotgoraftingunlessyouknow...unless引导条件状语从句，相当于if...not6.Bystayingat...,touristscanhelpthevillagersmakemoneysothattheycantakecareofthefiverandthebirds.目的状语从句7.Shewassosurprisedthatshecouldn'tmove.结果状语从句8.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbywater.过去分词作状语9.Thenextmoment,thefirstwavesweptherdown,swallowingthegarden.现在分词作状语10.However,beforeshecouldthinktwice,thewaterwasuponher.Itdidn'ttakelongbeforethebuildingwasdestroyed.before的用法☆重点词汇☆1.meansn.方法；途径2.experiencen.经验3.equipmentn.设备\n4.successfuladj.成功的5.protectv.保护6.handlev.处理7.considerv.考虑8.benefitn.利益9.particularadj.特别的10.effectn.效果11.combinev.合并12.unforgettableadj.不会忘记的13.advancev.前进14.seizev.抓住15.strugglev.奋斗16.fearv.&n.害怕17.strikev.敲打18.destroyv.毁掉19.publishv.出版20.naughtyadj.调皮的☆重点短语☆1.getawayfrom逃离2.watch/lookout注意，当心3.goforahike/gohiking去徒步旅游4.aswith正如……一样\n5.seeoff为某人送行6.ontheotherhand在另一方面7.takecareof照顾8.getclose/nearto接近，凑近9.treeaftertree一棵又一棵的树10.aswallas也，和……一样(好)11.protect…from保护……不受……的伤害12.besurprisedat因……而吃惊13.becaught/trapped/struckin被……困住14.takeplace发生15.gothrough通过，经过；经历(痛苦的事)16.beupon临近，逼近17.holdonto紧紧抓住18.referto提到，说到；查询(信息)19.lookinto注视……的内部；检查，调查20.forfearof(doing)sth.惟恐……☆短语闯关☆下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关．做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?l.get____from逃离away2.watch____注意，当心out\n3.protectsb/sth____保护／保卫某人(某事物)from4.seesb____到火车站、飞机场等某处为某人送行off5.ontheother____另一方面hand6.as____as也，还，而且well7.____place发生，产生take8.____fire失火on9.pullsb____把……往上拽up10.get____one'sfeet站立起来；站起身来on11.go____通过，经受。仔细检查through12.____holiday在度假on13.travel____旅行社代理人agent14.be____逼近，临近upon15.____exercise进行体育锻炼take16.____"Hi"tosbfor/fromsb代某人向某人问候say17.come____with提出up18.go____ahike去远足for19.becaught____受困于……，陷于……in20.____asecond马上，一会儿in21.look____往……里面看，调查into22.refer____提到．涉及；参考to23.hold____抓住，握住onto24.sweep____冲走，刮走away\n25.sweep____冲倒，吹倒down☆交际用语☆1.Wherewouldyouprefergoing...?2.Howwouldyouliketogoto...?3.Haveanice/pleasanttrip!4.Well,Imustbeoff.5.It'sallright．6.I'mafraid.7.Comeon!8.Itscaresme.9.Don'tworry.10.First...,next...,then...,finally...☆单词聚焦☆1.advance的用法▲构词：advancedadj.高等的．先进的，高深的▲搭配：①inadvance在前头，预先，事先②inadvanceof在……前面；比……进步；超过③ontheadvance(物价)在上涨【考例】ItissaidthatMissWhitehadsomedifficultyinstudyingthe____maths.A.improvedB.developedC.advancedD.increased\n[考查目标]本题考查形容词advanced与近义词的区别。[答案与解析]C“高等数学”的英译是advancedmaths，advanced意思是“先进的。高级的”。2.before的特殊用法(1)HehadrunoutoftheroombeforeIcouldstophim.我还没来得及拦住他，他就跑出了屋子。(2)ThreeweekswentbybeforeWeknewit.三周过去了，我们才意识到。(或：时间不知不觉已过三周了。)(3)Itwasn't/didn'ttakelongbeforehereturned.他没过多久就回来了。Itwon'tbelongbeforewegraduate.不要过多久我们就要毕业了。3.chance的用法▲搭配：①byanychance万一，碰巧，或许②bychance偶然，意外地③takea/one'schance冒一冒险，碰碰运气，利用一下机会【考例6】(2005南京模拟)Mostofthe___areinseasonalwork,mainlyconnectedwithtourismandagriculture.A.workB.luckC.chancesD.services[考查目标]chance的词义。[答案与解析]Cchance在本句的词义是“机会”。4.considerv.(1)考虑\nA)consider+n./doingIconsidergoingabroad.B)consider+疑问词+todoYouhavetoconsiderwhattodonext.(2)认为A)consider+n.(+as/tobe)+n./adj.IconsiderMaryas/tobemybestfriend.TheyconsideredParisthebrainandheartofthecountry.B)consider+n.+tohavedoneIconsiderhimtohaveacteddisgracefully.除了consider…as…表认为外，还有regard…as…，lookon…as…，take…as…，thinkof…as…5.cost的用法▲构词：costlyadj.昂贵的，贵重的▲搭配：①costsb.sth.花费某人(多少钱)；让某人付出(代价)／牺牲……②atallcosts不惜任何代价．无论如何③atanycost不惜任何代价，无论如何④atcost(price)按成本价格，按原价⑤atthecostof以……为代价，用……换来的；丧失；牺牲【考例】Theywonderedhowmuchthiskindofcarwould____them.\nA.payB.spendC.costD.waste[考查目标]本题考查cost和它的几个近义词的区别。[答案与解析]Ccost的意思是“耗费”，主语是指物的名词．而pay和spend等的主语是指人的名词。6.effectn.效果；作用haveaneffectonsth.Hiswordshadagreatpushingeffectonhisstudents.(1)beofnoeffect无效(2)comeintoeffect开始生效；开始实行[比较]affectvt.影响Theclimateaffectedtheamountoftherainfall.7.experience的用法▲构词:experiencedadj.有经验的，熟练的▲搭配:①byexperience凭经验；从经验中②fromexperience凭经验；从经验中③gainexperiencein…获得……经验④beexperiencedin…某方面有经验▲友情提示:experience这个词作为可数名词用时，解释为“经历”，作为不可数名词用时解释为“经验”。【考例】(2005山西模拟)____teachesthathewasright.Goodfriendshipisjustnoteasilyformed.\nA.KnowledgeB.TeachersC.ExperienceD.Parents[考查目标]experience的意思。[答案与解析]Cexperience常为不可数名词，意思是“经验”。8.fearn.&vt.(1)n.恐惧(多作不可数名词)Hisfacewasgrowingpalewithfear.忧虑；担心的事(可数)Thereisnoreasonforyourfears.forfearof由于怕……，以防Heleftanhourearlierforfearofmissinghistrain.forfear(that)惟恐；怕的是；以防Sheworriedforfearthatthechildwouldbehurt.infearof害怕；担心Thethiefwasinfearofthepolice.(2)v.恐惧；害怕，接n./pron.Catsfearbigdogs.恐惧；害怕，接todoDon'tfeartotellthetruth.恐怕；担心，接从句Shefearedthatshemightnotfindhiminhisroom.▲构词：fearfuladj.可怕的，严重的；惧怕的，胆怯的；担心的，忧虑的fearlessadj.不怕的，大胆的，勇敢的，无畏的\n▲搭配：①beinfear(of)(为……而)提心吊胆②forfearof因为怕；以免，怕的是③forfearthat-clause生怕；为了防止(某事发生)④haveafearthat-clause担心／怕(发生某事)⑤withfear吓得，怕得⑥fear(vi.)for...担心／忧虑……【考例】(2004江苏)Hegottothestationearly,____missinghistrain.A.incaseofB.insteadofC.forfearofD.insearch[考查目标]fear构成的短语的用法和意思。[答案与解析]Cforfearof常在句中作状语，意思是“怕的是……。担心……”。9.funn.高兴；乐趣；有趣的人或事(1)forfun为了高兴；为着好玩Ionlydiditforfun.(2)makefunof开……的玩笑；取笑Itiswrongtomakefunofacripple.[比较](1)laughat笑(某人)；嘲笑It'sunkindtolaughatapersonwhoisintrouble.\n(2)playajokeon开(某人的)玩笑10.meansn.手段；办法(1)bymeansof用……；依靠……Thewatermaybecarriedbymeansofapipe.(2)byallmeans一定；务必；(表示同意)当然可以，没问题：务必，无论如何，千方百计地Trybyall/everymeanstopersuadehimtocome.(3)bynomeans完全不是；一点也不；决不Thisisbynomeansthefirsttimeyouhavebeenlate.还有：bythismeans用这种方法；byanymeans用一切可能的方法或手段【考例】(MET1991)Studentssometimessupportthem-selvesby____ofeveningjob.A.waysB.offersC.meansD．helps[考查目标]bymeansof短语的意思。[答案与解析]Cbymeansof的意思是“通过某种手段”。11.normaladj.正常的；正规的thenormaltemperature,normalbehavior(1)regular规则的；有规律的keepregularhours生活有规律；按时作息(2)common普通的；常见的TomisacommonnameinBritain.共有的；共同的\nhaveacommoninterest有着共同爱好(3)usual惯常的；惯例的It'susualwithhimtogototheofficeonfoot.(4)ordinary平凡的；普通的inordinarydress12.once的用法▲搭配：①allatonce突然；同时②atonce立刻，马上；同时③(every)onceinawhile偶尔，有时，间或④forthisonce(=foronce，justforonce)就这一次；破例一回⑤morethanonce不止一次，多次⑥notonce一次也不⑦onceagain/more再一次⑧onceandagain一再，再三⑨onceortwice一两次；有时，偶尔⑩oncetoooften又(多了)一次⑪onceuponatime从前【考例】(2004上海)____wehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningincreasesthelengthoftimewewillrememberit.A.BeforeB.OnceC.UntilD.Unless[考查目标]连词once的用法和词义。\n[答案与解析]Bonce在作连词使用时意思是“一旦”。13.preferv.宁愿；更喜欢(1)prefer+n./pron.Theboypreferredadetectivestory.(2)prefer+v.-ingDoyoupreferlivingabroad?(3)prefer+todoShepreferstoliveamongtheworkingpeople.(4)prefersb.todosth.Shepreferredhimtostayathome.(5)prefer+n./pron./doing+to+n./pron./doing喜欢……而不喜欢Ipreferthetowntothecountry./Whilehewasintheofficehepreferreddoingsomethingtodoingnothing.(6)prefertodo...ratherthando=wouldratherdo...thando...宁愿……而不愿Iprefertowalkthereratherthangobybus.(7)prefer+从句(谓语动词用shoulddo，should可省略)Shepreferredthatheshoulddoitinthekitchen.14.protect的用法▲构词：protectionn.保护(者/物)，防御▲搭配：protectsbfrom/against防止……遭受……；使……免于，保护……使不受\n【考例】(MET1992)Clarkewasgreatlyadmiredattheclubforthesuccessful____.A.self-satisfactionB.self-protectionC.self-respectD.self-service[考查目标]protect及其派生词的词义。[答案与解析]Bself-protection是名词，意思是“自我保护”。15.separate的用法▲构词：separationn.[U]分开，分离▲搭配：①separateAfromB把A和B分开②AisseparatedfromBby…A和B为……所分开／阻隔③separatesth(up)into…把……分成(几分)▲辨析：separate;divide;part都含“分开”的意思。separate指“把原来在一起的人或物分开”。例如:Separatethosetwoboyswhoarefighting,willyou?(你)把那两个打架的孩子拉开，好吗?divide指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整体分成若干部分”。part指“把密切相关的人或物分开”，还有“分手”之意。【考例】(NMET2001)AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot____frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed[考查目标]动词separate的词义。\n[答案与解析]Aseparated和get搭配有被动意义，表示“被隔开；被分隔”。[牛刀小试1]用所给单词的适当形式填空：(advance,means,cost,protect,fear,separate)1.Theteacherimprovedthestudents'Englishby____ofdictationandrecitation.(means)2.Allthegoods___mealmosthalfamilliondollars.(cost)3.Wemust____thewildanimalsfromthehunting.(protect)4.Everybabyshouldbe____afterheishorn.(separated)5.Noneofthem____deathwhentheenemycameintothevillage.(feared)6.Therearetoomanypeople,soyoushouldhaveboughtaticketin____.(advance)☆词语比较☆1.wear,puton,haveon,dress,bein,tryon(1)wearv.穿着；戴；蓄须(发)；磨损；(脸容)呈现，显出Heiswearinganovercoattoday.*wearout(把)穿破；(把)用坏；(使)疲乏；(使)耗尽Ihavewornoutmyshoes./Mypatiencewore(wasworn)out.(2)puton穿上；戴上(侧重穿着的动作)Putonyoursweater,otherwiseyouwillfeelcold.\n(3)dressvt.给……穿衣服n.衣服；连衣裙dresssb.(insth.)或bedressed(insth.)注意：穿的衣服接在in之后。Motherdressedherbabyandthentheywentdownstairs.(4)haveon表示穿着的状态，注意不能用进行时。AttheSpringFestival,allchildrenhaveonnewclothes.(5)bein表示穿着的状态Therewasagirlinred.(6)tryon试穿Motherwastryingonanewdress.2.strike,hit,beat(1)hitvt.①打；敲；击；击中；射中Hehitaballoverthefence./Thestonehithimonthehead.②使……受到打击Thebadnewshiteveryonehard.(2)beatvt.&vi.①连续有节奏地打；敲Therainheatagainstthewindow.②(心)跳动Hishearthadstoppedbeating.③(鸟翼)扑动Thebirdbeatitswingsrapidlyasitflewon.④打败；打赢；取胜Ourchampioncanbeatallrunnersinthecountry.(3)strikevt.&vi.①打；敲；击；砍；打中；击中\nHestruckmewithhisfist.Thehousewasstruckbylightning.②发起进攻；袭击Hemovedawayastheanimalstruck.③撞；触(礁)Hisheadstruckthetableashefell.④擦(火柴)Istruckamatchandheldittohiscigarette.⑤(某种想法)忽然出现；忽然想起，相当于occurto。Ahappythoughtstruckher.⑥给人深刻印象(常用于被动语态)Iwasstruckbyherbeauty.⑦罢工Theyarestrikingforhigherpay.⑧(钟)敲(响)Wewaitedfortheclocktostrikesix.3.complete,finishcomplete可作形容词，表示“彻底的；全面的”。complete与finish表示“完成”时的区别。(1)complete作及物动词，只接n.或pron.，常用于完成预定的任务，工程建设等Therailwayisnotcompletedyet.(2)finishvi./vt.指完成，结束一件事情；可接n.或doing。如：finishone'shomework/middleschool/writingthebook☆短语归纳☆\n1.cutdown(1)砍倒Ifyoucutdownallthetreesyouwillraintheland.(2)减少；削减Ihavedecidedtocutdownmysmoking.2.含get的短语①getback回来，恢复，送回②getoff下来，动身，起飞③getup起床，站起来④geton上(车)⑤geton/alongwith与某人相处．某事的进展⑥gettogether聚首，碰头⑦getawayfrom逃离⑧getonone'sfeet站起来⑨getdown下来⑩getonwellwith与……相处融洽⑪getmarried结婚⑫getto到达⑬getthrough通过，接通⑭getdownto开始着手做某事⑮getacross(使)通过⑯get(a)round传开，说服⑰getin进入。收获⑱getout出去，逃脱[例句]Howareyougettingalongwithyourbusiness?生意进展如何?/IfyoutakeMaryoutforadriveyoumustpromisetogetherbackforhermusiclesson.如果你带玛丽去兜风的话，你必须答应带她回来上音乐课。/Ican'tgetmybootsoff,fortheyaretootight.我脱不掉靴子，它太紧了。/WealltrytogettogetheratleastonceayearatChristmastime.在圣诞期间我们尽量一年至\n少聚会一次。/Whenonehasbusinessonhanditishardtogetawayfromhome.如果一个人手头有事，离开家很难。【考例】(2004辽宁)Thefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.It'stimeforusto____ourstudies．A.getdowntoB.getoutC.getbackforD.getover[考查目标]此题主要考查get短语。[答案与解析]Agetdownto意为“开始着手做某事”；getout意为“离开，摆脱”；getbackfor意为“回去拿”；getover意为“克服，渡过”。本句话意思是：期末考试就要到了，我们该开始学习了。【考例】(NMET1993)Readerscan____quitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword.A.getoverB.getinC.getalongD.getthrough[考查目标]此题主要考查get短语。[答案与解析]Cgetover意为“痊愈，克服”；getin意为“插话”；getalong意为“进展．继续”；gelthrough意为“接通。办完”。本句话意思是：读者不必准确知道每个词的意思就能继续下去。3.getaway(from)(1)摆脱Waysmustbefoundtogetawayfrompoverty.(2)走开；离开Shedidn'tgetawayuntilninelastnight.(3)逃走，使离开Thebankrobbersusedastolencartogetaway.(4)拿走Getalltheepartydishesaway!\n4.getcloseto(1)closeadj.靠近；接近Thechurchisclosetotheshops.亲密；密切Areyouaclosefriendoftheirs?(2)closeadv.靠近；接近Hewasstandingclosetothedoor.(3)closev.关上；关闭(不开发)；结束Sheclosedhereyes./Hereyesclosed.(闭上)(4)closelyadv.紧密地；仔细地；密切地Hegotcloselyintouchwiththemagazinesoftoday.Thelittlebabywascloselylookedafterbyher.[比较](1)close与closely作副词时，close含具体之意，closely含抽象之意。(2)类似的词组有high(高)--highly(高度地)，deep(深深地)--deeply(深入地)，wide(很开，宽)--widely(广泛地)，low(低的)--lowly(低贱的)(作形容词)5.handin交上去(给老师或上级)；交来(handv.)Eachstudenthastohandinacompositiononceaweek.[比较]\n(1)handdown传下来；传给Ourfatherhandeddownthesecustomstous.(2)handon…to…传给，传递Theywillhandthephotographtothosewhohavenotseenit.(3)handout发给大家；散发Theteacherhandedoutthebooksatthebeginningofthelesson．6.insteadof代替……(1)insteadof+n./pron.Givemetheredoneinstead0fthegreenone.(2)insteadof+doingWewalkeddownthestairsinsteadoftakingtheelevator.(3)insteadof+介词短语Hestudiesintheeveninginsteadofduringtheday.[比较](1)insteadadv.作为替代(……而)，代替IfHarryisnotwellenoughtogowithyou,takemeinstead.(2)ratherthan而不是，与其……宁愿Heranratherthanwalked.(3)inplaceof代替，……而不用TheChineseusechopsticksinplaceofknivesandforks.7.含take的短语①takeapicture照相，拍照\n②takeataxi/bus,etc.打的(坐公交车等)③takeaway拿走，夺取，使离去④takecareof小心，照料，保管⑤takeoff脱，去掉，取消，起飞⑥takeout拿出，带……出去⑦takeone'splace就坐，坐某人的座位，代替某人的位置⑧takeplace发生，产生⑨takeexercise做运动⑩takeaseat坐下⑪taketurns轮流⑫takeanactivepartin积极参加⑬takeamessage捎口信⑭takeon从事，呈现⑮taketheplaceof取代，代替⑯takeapart拆开⑰takedown拿下，记下⑱take...for...误认为……⑲takein吸收，接纳⑳takeup拿起．从事．占据[例句]FatherwasconvincedthatPeterwasunhappyatboardingschool,andmadearrangementstotakehimaway.父亲确信彼得在寄宿学校不开心，决定把他带走。/Willyoulakecare\nofbuyingthewinefortonight'sparty?你负责为今晚的晚会买酒水好吗?/Theboysgotintothecarandtookoffforthedrugstore.男孩们进到车里，开车去了药店。/HetookmyplaceinthequeuesothatIcouldgoandgetsomethingtoeat.他替我排好了队，以便我能够回去弄点儿吃的。8.usedto(1)usedtodosth.过去常常……(现在已不如此)Weusedtogrowbeautifulroses.注意：否定句和疑问句有两种Youusedn’ttomakethatmistake.Shedidn'tuse(d)todoit,didshe?Youusedtosmokeapipe,didn'tyou?/use(d)n'tyou?(2)be/get/becomeusedto+n./doing习惯于Ihavealwaysbeenusedtohardwork.Hegotusedtolivinginthecountry.(3)beusedtodo被用来做……Thisknifeisusedtocutbread.表示“过去常常……”时，usedto与would区别：(1)would只强调“过去常常……”，usedto说明现在不是如此。Theoldwomanwouldsitthereforhoursdoingnothing.\n(2)would只接行为动词，usedto可接行为动词和表状态的词。如：be,like,know,have。Thereusedtobeatempleatthefootofthemountain.9.watchout当心；注意You'llbecheatedifyoudon'twatchout.(1)watchoutfor=lookoutfor提防；当心Youmustalwayswatchoutforthetraffichere!(2)watchover照看；看守；负责Themotherbirdiswatchingoverheryoung.10.含“动词+out”短语①comeout出来，出版，传出②goout出去，熄灭，不时兴③lookout当心，注意④takeout拿出，取出，带……出去⑤rushout冲出去，匆忙大量生产⑥tryout尝试，试验⑦watchout小心⑧wearout穿破，用坏，(使)疲乏，消磨⑨findout找出，查出⑩makeout填写，完成．设法应付⑪getout出去，逃离，泄露，公布⑫pickout看出，选出\n⑬thinkout想出⑭giveout发出，筋疲力尽⑮setout出发，陈述[例句]Pleasegooutandtellthechildrentomakelessnoise.请出去告诉孩子们不要吵闹。/Thesebicycleshavebeenrushedoutandnotuptoourusualstandard.这些自行车匆忙大量生产，没有达到我们的正常标准。/Watchout.Thetrainiscoming.小心，火车来了。/Yourwillwearoutyourpatienceintime,myfriend.朋友，最终我们会没有耐心的。【考例】(2005湖北)Thispicturewastakenalongtimeago.Iwonderifyoucan____myfather.A.findoutB.pickoutC.lookoutD.speakout[考查目标]此题主要考查out构成的短语意思区别。[答案与解析]Bpickout意为“挑选，辨别出”；findout意为“找出．发现”；lookout意为“留神，注意”：speakout意为“大声说出”。[牛刀小试2]请根据句意，选用所给短语的适当形式填空：(getaway，takeup，takeon，thinkout，getdownto)1.--Shallwesetoffrightnow?--Sorry.I'mtoobusyto____forthemoment.(getaway)\n2.Thefinalexaminationiscoming:youreallymust____yourstudies.(getdown)3.Themanagerdoesn'thavemuchfreetimeashiswork____nearlyallhissparetime.(takesup)4.Wealsosharedanumberofqualitieswhichwefellwereinourfavorwhenwe____thetask.(tookon)5.Hemighthave___hisideaabouttheartexhibitionmuchbetter,ifhehadplannedwhathewantedtosay.(thoughtout)☆句型归纳☆1.Youshouldn'tgoraftingunlessyouknowhowtoswim,andyoushouldalwayswearalifejacket.除非你会游泳，而且要一直穿着救生衣，否则就不应该去做漂流运动。该句中的unless引导状语从句。例如：Onecan'tlearnaforeignlanguagewellunlesshestudieshard.unless引导的条件状语从句，一般可以与if...not...互换。还要注意unless引导的从句经常可以省略。【考例】(200l北京春招)Themenwillhavetowaitallday____thedoctorworksfaster.A.ifB.unlessC.whetherD.that[考查目标]状语从句。[答案与解析]B句子意思是“如果医生不快点工作，这些人将不得不等一整天。”应该选unless。\n2.Eco-travelisawaytofindoutwhatcanbedonetohelpanimalsandplantsaswellaspeople.生态游可以找到既帮助别人．又帮助动植物的途径。该句中的aswellas是连词，连接两个并列成分。例如:HecanspeakGermanaswellasFrench.常见的用法:1.well是副词，意思是“好，优秀”，aswellas是形容词同级比较结构。2.aswellas是固定短语，意思是“和”，相当于"notonly…butalso..."。3.aswellas连接两个并列成分作主语时，句子的谓语动词应该与前面那个名词或代词的人称或数保持一致。4.aswellas还可当作复杂介词用，意思是“除了……之外，还有”；相当于"besides，apartfrom"。5.aswell，是副词短语，意思是“也”，相当于“too/also”常位于句尾，与too位置相当。6.may/mightaswelldosth表示“还是……的好”。【考例】(NMET1994)Johnplaysfootball____,ifnotbetterthanDavid.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas[考查目标]aswellas连接比较状语从句。\n[答案与解析]B该句中ifnotbetterthan相当于插入语，起干扰作用，如果不予考虑，原句就变成了同级比较结构"JohnplaysfootballaswellasDavid"。3.Beforeshecouldmove，sheheardaloudnoise.她还没有来得及动弹，就听见很响的声音。However,beforeshecouldthinktwice,thewaterwasuponher.但还没有回过身来，洪水便逼近了她。该两句中的before用作连词，后接时间状语从句。before用作连词，接时间状语从句时，表示“在……之前”。但在不同的语境中，往往有比较灵活的译法。例如:Heknockedmedownbeforehesawme.他差一点把我撞倒，才看到我。【考例】(2005广东)TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearstheNorthwonintheend.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.then[考查目标]时间状语从句的引导词选择。[答案与解析]Bbefore表示“直到……”。4.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbythewater,whichmusthavebeenthreemetersdeep.洪水想必深达三米，树一棵接一棵地倒了，被洪水冲断了。该句中的musthavebeen表示推测。例如：Youlooksotired.Youmusthavestayeduplastnight.\n情态动词may，might，most．can，could常用来表示推测。may，might，must多用在肯定句中，can，could多用在否定句和疑问句中。may，might，must，can，could后接动词原形表示对现在的推测；may，might，must，can，could后接havedone。表示对过去的推测。例如：Youmaybeaprofessor./Shemusthavemetafairy.【考例】(2005辽宁)Thiscakeisverysweet.You____alotofsugarinit.A.shouldputB.couldhaveputC.mightputD.musthaveput[考查目标]情态动词表示推测。[答案与解析]D前文说蛋糕很甜，由此可知一定是糖放多了。对于过去的动作的推测应使用havedone的结构，所以应在B、D之间做选择，又因为couldhavedone表示本可以做而没有做，所以选择D。5....sheheardaloudnoise，whichgrewtoaterribleroar.……她听见了很响的声音，接着就变成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。该句中的which引导非限制性定语从句。例如：Heboughtsomereferencebooks,whichwereallaboutscience.他买了许多的参考资料．都是有关理科的。which作为关系代词．既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。例如：ThetrainwhichleftforBeijing\npulledinontime.前往北京的火车按时进站了。Hisdog,whichwasnowveryold,becameillanddied.他的狗，现在老了，生病死了。【考例】(2005浙江)Jimpassedthedrivingtest,____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it[考查目标]非限制性定语从句。[答案与解析]Awhich引导非限制性定语从句。指代前面整个句子。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。☆句型诠释☆现在进行时的用法(is/am/are+doing)1.表示现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。Look!Themonkeyisclimbingthebananatree.2.表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。(说话时动作不一定正在进行。)WearepreparingforthemeetingtobeheldnextFridaynow.3.表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹、惊讶、厌恶等。(常与always,constantly,continually,allthetime,forever等副词连用)，表反复的动作。Heisalwaysthink-ingofothers.(表赞许)Sheisalwaysaskingthesamequestion.(表厌恶)Youarealwayschangingyourmind.(表抱怨)\n4.表示在最近计划或安排要进行的动作。常用于go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,stay等表移动、方向的动词。Heisstartingtheworkinafewminutes./HeisleavingforBeijingtomorrowmorning.[注意]1.不用进行时的词有:(1)系动词:feel,sound,smell,taste,look,appear,seem,remain,prove等。(2)表结果的感官动词:see,notice,hear等。(3)非延续性的动词，此动作开始即是结束：enter,accept,receive等。(4)表心理状态，存在状态，拥有的动词：love,like,hate,care,dislike,respect,prefer,know,understand,forget,remember,believe,want,wish,hope,mind,agree,belongto,dependon,own,have等。2.用进行时的特殊词有系动词get,turn,grow,become,go,come,fall等表由一种状态转入另一种状态时，用进行时表示渐近。Today,manyriversthatwerepollutedaregettingcleanerandcleaner.当今，许多过去遭污染的河流又变得越来越清澈了。[比较]现在进行时表将来的用法与一般将来时的区别：(1)现在进行时表近期的，事先已经计划安排好的--Howareyougettingtotheairport?\n--Bytaxi.Bobiscomingwithmetotheairport.(2)willdo和shalldo①表客观将来。shall用于第一人称，will用于第一、二、三人称。Iwill/shallfinishmiddleschoolnextmonth.②表有科学根据的预测。Theweatherreportsaysitwillraintomorrow.③表客观必然。Manwillmakemistakes.(3)begoingto①表现在打算在近期或将来要做某事。I'mgoingtofinishmyhomeworktonight.②表根据已有迹象的预测。It'ssodarkoutside,Ithinkit'sgoingtorain.③begoingto不与come,go连用，而用becoming,begoing形式。Maryiscomingherethisevening.[注意]表计划、安排、规定要做的事，用“be+todo”。此外，表示按时刻表运行的动作常用一般现在时表将来。Themeetingistobeheldat9:00a.m./Ourplaneleavesat6:00a.m..[牛刀小试3]1.____youcallmetosayyou'renotcoming,I'llseeyouatthetheatre.(2004吉林)A.ThoughB.WhetherC.UntilD.Unless\n2.Nowthatyou'vegotachance,you____makefulluseofit.(NMET1999)A.hadbettertoB.mightaswellC.mightaswellasD.wouldrather3.Itwasevening____wereachedthelittletownofWinchester.(2004天津)A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.before4.Thereisnolightinthedormitory.Theymusthavegonetothelecture,____?(2004上海春招)A.didn'ttheyB.don'ttheyC.mustn'ttheyD.haven'tthey5.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,____wehadn'texpected.(2000北京春招)A.whenB.thatC.whichD.whatDBDDC☆交际速成☆【考点1】Talkingaboutintentionsandplans.谈论意愿和打算(2004江苏)--Howlongareyoustaying?--Idon'tknow.____.A.That'sOKB.NevermindC.ItdependsD.Itdoesn'tmatter\n[答案与解析]C本题考查具体语境下被询问打算时的应答。A项用于回答感谢和道歉，B、D两项用于回答道歉，C项表示“看情况而定”。【归纳】英语中常见表达意愿和打算的用语有：①I'llgowithyou.②I'mgoingtoseemyheadteacherthisafternoon.③I'dliketomakeaphonecalltoherafterclass.④Iwant/hopetofindanEnglishpenfriend.⑤IplantogotoHangzhouthissummer.⑥Wearereadytomovetoanewhouse.⑦BillintendstospendhisvocationinCalifornia.⑧I'mthinkingofdrivingtoBeijing.⑨Wherewouldyouprefergoing...?⑩Howwouldyouliketogoto...?⑪Whenareyougoingoffto...?⑫Howareyougoingto...?【考点2】Expressinggoodwishes祝愿(2005广东)Tom:Mike,ourteamwillplayagainsttheRocketsthisweekend.I'msurewewillwin.Mike:____!A.CongratulationsB.CheersC.BestwishesD.Goodluck\n[答案与解析]D考查祝愿用语。在比赛前表示祝愿的话用Goodluck。Congratulations用于成功之后的祝贺。Cheers意为“干杯”。Bestwishes多用于书面语，表示“万事如意”的意思。【归纳】英语中常见表达祝愿的用语有：①Haveagoodday/time!②Haveagoodjourney/trip!③Goodluck!④Enjoyyourself!⑤Bestwishestoyou!⑥HappyNewYear!⑦Happybirthday!⑧MerryChristmas!应答语有：①Thankyou.②You,too.③Thesametoyou.【考点3】Describingemotions描述人物的情感(2001上海春招)--I'mafraidIcan'tfinishthebookwithinthisweek.--____.A.PleasegoaheadB.That'sallrightC.NotatallD.Takeyourtime\n[答案与解析]D本题考查时表示遗憾情感的应答。A项表示“请吧，说吧”，用于回答许可或让对方先行。B、C两项是感谢或道歉的答语，D项表示“别着急，慢慢来”，符合语境。【归纳】中学英语中描述人物情感的用语有：①(恐惧)Help!/Howterrible!/I'mafraidof.../I'mafraidto.../Youscaredme!/Itscaresme!②(高兴)(It's)welldone!/Howwonderful!/That'sgreat!/I'mpleasedto...③(惊奇)Really!/Ohdear!/Isthatso?/Whatasurprise!/Howsurprising!④(忧虑)What'swrong?/what'sthematter?/Anythingwrong?/Whatshouldwedo?⑤(安慰)There,there./Don'tbeafraid.／Don'tworry./It's(quite)allright./It'llbeOK/allright.⑥(满意)Good!/Welldone!／Perfect!/That'sfine./That'sbetter.⑦(遗憾)I'msosorry!/It'sagreatpity!/Whatashame!/That'stoobad!⑧(同情)I'msosorry!/I'msosorry(aboutyourillness)./I'msorrytohearthat.⑨(愤怒)Damn!/Howannoying!⑩(鼓励)Welldone!/Comeon!/Keeptrying./Youcandoit!\n[牛刀小试4]1.--I'dliketotakeaweek'sholiday.--____,we'retoobusy.A.Don'tworryB.Don'tmentionitC.ForgetitD.Pardonme2.--Iwassosurethatourexperimentwasgoingtosucceed,butsomethingwentwrongatthelastmoment.--____,butdon'tgiveitup.A.FindoutthereasonB.NevermindC.I'msorrytohearthatD.Youdon't'meanthat3.--Ijustheardthattheticketsfortonight'sshowhavebeensoldout.--Ohno!____.A.IwaslookingforwardtothatB.Itdoesn'tmatterC.IknewitalreadyD.It'snotatallinteresting4.--WearegoingtotraveltoItaly.--____.A.GoodbyeB.GoaheadC.Iliketogo,tooD.Haveagoodtime5.--I'dratherhavesometea,ifyoudon'tmind.--____.A.ThankyouverymuchB.Yes,IlikesoC.No,it'snothingD.Ofcourse,anythingyouwantCCADD\n☆精典题例☆1.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.(NMET2002春上海)A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut【解析】选C本题是在语境中考查现在进行时的被动语态。本句意为“雨林以这样的速度被砍伐和焚烧，会导致它在不久的将来从地球上消失。”体会语境和句意便知此处选择C项，表示现阶段在进行的动作。2.Twenty-threehourshaspassedaftertheexplosioninthemine,butrescueeffortstorecoverthemissing____carriedout.A.arestillbeingB.havealreadybeenC.arealwaysD.willsoonbe【解析】选A本句意为“矿井爆炸已过23小时了，但对失踪人员的搜索还在进行中。”3.--Whenareyouleaving?--Myplane____at10:45.A.takesoffB.tookoffC.isabouttotakeoffD.willtakeoff【解析】选A飞机是按时刻表运行的。4.--Excuseme,whattimeisitnow?--Sorry,mywatch____.It____attheshop.A.isn'tworking;isbeingrepairedB.doesn'twork;isbeingrepaired\nC.isn'tworking;isrepairedD.doesn'twork;isrepaired【解析】选Bdoesn'twork说明“手表不工作”的状态，而不只是现在才坏了。后句意为“手表正在商店里修理”，故应用isbeingrepaired。5.John,whoisconsidered____awarm-heartedman,isconsidering____hisneighboroutoftrouble.A.tobe;tohelpB.tobe;helpingC.being;tohelpD.being;helping【解析】选Bbeconsideredtobe“被认为是……”；considerdoing“考虑做某事”。6.Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation____itgotworse.A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as【解析】选C意思是“在事情还未变得更糟之前及时纠正错误”。7.--Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike.--Itdoesn'tmatter.I____lendyoumine.A.amtoB.amgoingtoC.wasgoingtoD.will【解析】选Dbeto表示按计划安排将来的动作，begoingto表示最近打算做某事，will在此是情态动词，表示“意志；意愿”。如：Iwilltellyouallaboutit.\n8.Childrenatthebeginningofthiscentury____alotand____themselvesgreatlyevenwithouttelevision.A.usedtoread;enjoyingB.usedtoread;enjoyedC.wereusedtoreading;enjoyD.wereusedtoread;enjoying【解析】选B前后时态要保持一致。\n\n\nChapter3SBIUnits5-6☆重点句型☆1.Whilestillastudent,sheplayedrolesinmanyplays.连词+名词做时间状语2.Whenaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,StevenSpielbergsaid…连词+过去分词做时间状语3.Whendrinkingtosomeone'shealth,youraiseyourglasses.连词+现在分词做时间状语4.It'sacustominChinatohavesometeabeforethemealisserved.It做形式主语5.Manypeoplelikethisfilmnotjustbecause...,butalsobecause...并列连词6.Havinggoodtablemannersmeansknowing...动名词做主宾语☆重点词汇☆1.commentv.评论\n2.marryv.结婚3.createv.创造4.attackv.进攻5.crueltyn.残酷6.escapev.逃跑7.advicen.忠告；建议8.affordv.花得起(钱、时间)9.encouragev.鼓励10.researchn.研究11.interruptv.打断；打扰12.apologizev.道歉13.prayv.请求；祈祷14.forgivev.原谅；宽恕15.matchv.相配；相适应16.mannersn.礼貌17.impressionn.印象18.liveadj.&adv.活的；直播的(地)19.customn.习惯；风俗20.introducevt.介绍；引进☆重点短语☆1.takeoff脱掉；起飞；成功2.gowrong出错；出问题\n3.can'thelpdoing情不自禁做某事4.takeone'splace代替某人5.runafter追逐；追踪6.winaprize获奖7.thinkhighlyof赞扬……；对……高度评价8.callfor需要；索取9.inall总共10.playarole扮演角色(作用)11.makemoney挣钱12.winover争取过来13.workon从事，致力于14.owesuccessto把成功归功于某人15.startwith以……开始16.runawayfromschool逃学17.ontheair正在播出的18.doresearch进行调查19.speedup加速20.followthefashion追随时尚☆短语闯关☆下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关。你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我\n们就开始吧?l.____screen银幕，电影(业)2.take____成功；成名；脱掉(衣服)；(飞机)起飞3.____wrong走错路；误入歧途；不对头；出毛病4.owesth____sb把……归功于某人5.____all总共；总之6.stay____不在家，外出7.____school小学8.locksb____将某人锁于某处不得进出；将某人监禁起来9.run____追赶10.bringsb____送回某人11.____theair正在播出的12.thinkhighly____对……高度评价13.leave____省去；遗漏；不考虑14.stare____盯着15.make____aboutsb以某人为笑柄16.drink(atoast)____为……祝酒；为……干杯17.win____战胜18.____commentson对……加以评论19.looksb____看望，拜访某人20.____arolein在……中扮演角色；在……方面起作用21.____aprize获奖\n22.tosbfor(doing)sth因某事向某人道歉23.makeagoodimpression____给……留下好印象24.____silent保持沉默25.payavisit____拜访☆交际用语☆1.Whatdoyouthinkhashappened?2.Whatdoyouknowabout…?3.Howdoyoulike…?/Whatdoyouthinkof…?/Whatdbyoufeel...?4.MayIinterruptyouforamoment?5.Excuseme/Forgivemefor.../Iapologizefor…6.I'm(very/so/terribly)sorry.It'sallmyfault.7.That'sallright./That'sOK./Noproblem.8.Iwishyouallthebest.9.I'msorry.Ididn'tmeanto...10.Let'sdrink(atoast)to...!☆单词聚焦☆1.afford(1)(和can，could，beableto连用)有(时间、经济等)条件(做某事)+todoWecan'taffordtopaysuchaprice.afford+n./pron.(出得起；买得起等)Theydonotconsiderwhethertheycanafforditornot.\n(2)经得起(做某事或发生某事)(多+todo)Hecouldnotaffordtolosehisfortuneentirely.2.apologize的用法▲构词：apologyn.辩解，道歉▲搭配：①apologizetosbfor(doing)sth=makeanapology的sbfor(doing)sth向某人为某事(为做了某事)道歉②apologizeforoneself为自己辩解或辩护【考例】[NMET1993]Thecaptain____anapologytothepassengersforthedelaycausedbybadweather.A.madeB.saidC.putD.passed[考查目标]apologize及其名词的用法和搭配。[答案与解析]Amakeanapology的意思是“道歉”。3.choice的用法▲搭配：①makeachoice选择②makechoiceof挑选，选择，选定③make/takeone'schoice任意挑选④havenochoicebuttodosth非……不可，除……之外别无他法【考例】[MET1993]We'vemissedthelastbus,I'mafraidwehaveno____buttotakeataxi.A.wayB.choiceC.possibilityD.selection\n[考查目标]choice的意思和习惯搭配。[答案与解析]Bchoice是choose的名词形式．意思是“选择”，在本句中构成固定搭配havenochoicebuttodosth“不得不干……”。4.determine的用法▲构词：determinationn.决心，决断，决意；决定，确定▲搭配：①determinetodosth决定做某事②determineon/upon(doing)sth决定③amanofdetermination有决断力的人▲辨析：decide；determine这两个词都有“决定”的意思。decide的含义是“不再迟疑不定”，而determine含义是“把某件事确定下来”。在bedeterminedtodo…这个固定的结构中。过去分词determined的词义为“下定了决心”。decide的名词为decision，determine的名词为determination。例如：Atfirst，shedecidedtogotothepolice，…起初，她决定去找警察……▲友情提示:decide后跟宾语从句时，其含义有时是“断定”。IdecidedthatImusthavetakenawrongturningsomewhere.我断定我一定是在某处拐错弯了。Thedeterminationof\nthemeaningofawordisoftendifficultwithoutacontext.脱离上下文来确定一个词的含义常常是困难的。注：在determinetodo...，determineon(upon)...和determinethat...。(宾语从句)三个搭配中，determine的词义和decide几乎没有多大差异。Hedetermined/decidedtolearnmedicine.他决定学医。注：decidesbtodosth决定使某人做某事Whatdecidedyoutogiveupyourjob?什么因素使你决定放弃你的工作?【考例】[2001京皖春招]BeforeSamcanrepairhisbicycle,hemustknowwhyitdoesnotwork.Forexample,hemust____thepartsthatarewrong.A.checkB.determineC.correctD.recover[考查目标]determine的用法。[答案与解析]Bdetermine和decide在一般情况下意思相同。5.encourage的用法▲构词：①encouragingadj.鼓励的，给予希望的，振奋人心的。令人欢欣鼓舞的②encouragedadj.被激励的，受到鼓舞的③encouragementn.鼓励，激励④discouragev.使泄气；劝阻\n▲搭配：①encouragesbtodosth鼓励某人做某事②beencouragedby受……鼓励／鼓舞【考例】[2004北京]Myadvisorencouraged___asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake[考查目标]encourage的用法。[答案与解析]Dencouragesbtodosth鼓励某人干某事。句意为：我的导师鼓励我参加一个夏季课程来提高我的写作技巧。6.escape(vi,vt)escaped,escaping(1)逃走；跑掉+from/outof=runawayfromThesoldierescapedfromtheenemy'sprison.(2)逃脱；逃避+n./doingHenarrowlyescapeddeath/beingkilled.There'snowaytoescapedoingthework.escape还可表示：①（液体等）漏出gasescapingfromthepipe煤气从管中漏出Waterescapedrapidlyfromthedrainpipe.水从排水管中迅速流出。②避免escapeddeath免于一死Thereisnoescapinghim.怎么也避不开他。\n③疏忽，忽略Nothingescapedhisattention.什么也逃不过他的注意。Youcannotexpectthatsomethingmayescapetheteacher'sattention.你不要奢望有什么能逃过老师的注意。escapen①逃走Thethiefmadehisescape.小偷逃走了。②（气体）漏出，泄出；解闷Shereadslovestoriesasanescape.她读爱情小说解闷。7.hunt的用法▲构词：huntern.猎人，搜寻者▲搭配：①huntfor/after追猎；寻找，搜寻②huntout找出；调查出【考例】Hewanderedinthestreet,____anewjacketforhisnephew.A.huntingforB.waitingforC.shootingforD.aimingfor[考查目标]本题考查huntfor的意思。[答案与解析]Ahuntfor原来是“猎取”的意思，引中为“搜寻，寻找”。8.impressionn.印象(1)impression(onsb.)(给某人)印象Hisspeechmadeastrongimpressiononhisaudience.\n(2)impression(ofsth.)(对某事物)印象；想法That'smyfirstimpressionofthenewcollege.(3)impresssb.withsth.给予某人深刻印象=impresssth.onsb.使某人铭记Theteacherimpressedonhisstudentstheimportanceofspeaking.=Theteacherimpre-ssedhisstudentswiththeimportanceofspeaking.9.interrupt的用法vt,vi①阻断；中断Don'tinterruptme.别打断我。Trafficinthecitywasinterruptedbyasnowstorm.市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。②打岔；插嘴Itisrudetointerrupt.打断别人的话，是不礼貌的。“Don'tinterrupt,”hesaid.“别插话,”他说。▲构词：①interruptern.打岔者，打断者②interruptionn.打岔．打断，使中断的事物【考例】[2005山西模拟]Bequiet!It'srudeto____peoplewhentheyaretalking.A.stopB.introduceC.preventD.interrupt[考查目标]interrupt的词义。[答案与解析]Dinterrupt的意思是“打断；使中断”．后接指人或指物的各种名词。10.marry(1)vi.结婚Hedidn'tmarryuntilhewasfifty.\n(2)vt.和……结婚JeanisgoingtomarryHubert.(3)vt.(父母)嫁(女儿)Hemarriedhisdaughtertoabusinessman.(4)vt.(教士等)为……主持结婚仪式We'vecometoaskifyouwillmarrythem.[比较](1)getmarried(tosb.)强调动作Hisoldestgirlgotmarriedlastmonth.(2)bemarried(tosb.)强调状态Howlonghaveyoubeenmarried?11.moment的用法n.①片刻；瞬间Hewillbehereinamoment.他一会儿就来。AtthemomentIamworking.此刻我正在工作。②时机；机遇；时宜Chooseyourmomenttovisithim.你选个合适的时机去拜访他。③重要性amatterofgreatmoment一件极重要的事情▲搭配：①atanymoment随时；在任何时候；马上②atthelastmoment在最后关头③atthemoment此刻；(正当)那时④everymoment时时刻刻⑤foramoment片刻\n⑥inamoment一会儿，不久；立即，马上⑦themoment(that)...一……就……【考例】[NMET2004II]"CanI?Idon'tthinkIcan,"Racysaidwithalaugh."ButIdohave____whenthingscometomefornoreason."A.eventsB.chancesC.feelingsD.moments[考查目标]moment的词义。[答案与解析]Dmoment可以指“时刻”，在本句中用了复数，意思是“一些次”。12.owe的用法owed,owing▲搭配：①（常与for连用）欠，欠债Ioweyouforyourhelp.我感谢你的帮助。(也可以是owesth.或owesb.sth)Thefoodcost￡4,butIonlypaid￡3soIstillowe￡1.食品要4英镑，可我只付了3英镑，因此我还欠1英镑。Ioweyouanapology.我该向你道歉。☆owesbsthforsth或owesthtosbforsth为…欠某人…②对…负有义务；感恩；感激Weoweourparentsalot.我们十分感激父母。③（常与to连用）归功于；由于Sheoweshersuccesstogoodluck.她把成功归功于幸运。Theyoungwriterowedhissuccesstohisteacher'sencouragement.年轻作家把自己的成功归于他老师的鼓励。\n【考例】[2004湖北]"HowmuchdoI____you?""Oh,no,"Paulsaid.A.OweB.lendC.giveD.offer[考查目标]考查owe的词义和用法。[答案与解析]Aowe表示“欠”的时候是及物动词，可以接双宾语。13.reasonn.原因；理由(1)+todosth.Youhaven'tanyreasontoleaveme.(2)+forsth./doingPeoplemusthaveareasonforsayingsuchthings.(3)+从句；从句用why/forwhich引导Thatisthereasonwhyyoushouldleave.(4)for+reason，为了某种原因Heisretiringforreasonsofhealth.[比较]cause“原因；起因”thecauseofthefire火灾的起因(引起某种后果的起因)thereasonforbeinglate迟到的理由(做某件事的理由)14.role(1)(戏剧中的)角色Oliverplayed(acted)therole/partofHamlet.(2)(现实生活中的)身份；作用WhatisyourroleontheCommittee?(3)playa...rolein...=playa...partin在……中扮演……角色或作用Theheadmasterplaysanimportantrole/partinthegoodrunningofaschool.\n15.servev.(1)为……服务／工作Aslaveserveshismaster.(2)接待(顾客)Theshopassistantisservingacustomer.(3)侍候吃饭，端(菜)；供应(饭菜)Lunchisservednow.(4)serveas充任(某职务)作……用Sheservedasamodelforseveralpainters./Thisboxwillserveas/foraseat.16.speed的用法▲搭配：①atahighspeed以很大的速度②atfull/topspeed用全速，开足马力，尽力(快)地；③withgreat/anspeed用全速，开足马力④speedup加速，快点【考例】Wehadtriedourbestbutthebossstillshouted,"____!"A.SpeedupB.NohurryC.WaitaminuteD.Slowdown[考查目标]本题考查speed及其构成的短语的意思。[答案与解析]Aspeedup意思是“加速，快点”的意思。17.stare的用法vi,vt--stared,staring凝视，注视Hestaredatthewordtryingtorememberwhatitmeant.他盯着这个单词，努力想记起它的意思。[习惯用语]stareoneintheface近在眼前；摆在眼前\n▲辨析：gaze；stare；glare这组动词的一般含义是“凝视”。gaze表示“目不转睛地看”，并含有“惊叹”、“羡慕”或“入迷”的意思。例如：Shegazedatthecarpetforsometime,andthenadded,"Youdon'tneedbookcasesatall."她对地毯凝视了一会儿，然后补充说：“你根本不需要书柜。”stare特别表示“睁大眼睛凝视”，并含有“惊奇”、“傲慢”或“茫然”的意思。例如：Thenoblestaredattheblanksheetofpaperforafewseconds.那位贵族对那张空白纸凝视了几秒钟。glare表示“凶狠而且带有威胁性的瞪眼睛”的意思。例如：Thetrappedeagleglaredathiscaptors.被诱捕到的雄鹰凶狠地瞪着捕获它的人。【考例】[NMET1999]____himandthentrytocopywhathedoes.A.MindB.GlanceatC.StareatD.Watch[考查目标]stare等近义词辨别。[答案与解析]Dwatch意思是“观察”，是长时问关注；而stareat却是“盯着”。含有惊奇、傲慢的感情色彩。18.trouble(1)麻烦；烦恼；烦心的事(可数，不可数)Itisapitytogiveyousomuchtrouble./Lifeisfulloftroubles.(2)困难；费事(不可数)havetroublewithsth./havetrouble(in)doingsth.(=difficulty)Didyouhavemuchtroublein\nfindingthepostoffice?/Ihopeyouwon'thaveanytroublewiththework.[相关短语](1)askfortrouble自寻烦恼；自找麻烦Whatmadeyouwritesuchaletter?Itwasaskingfortrouble.(2)(be)introuble有烦事；有困难；出事；惹麻烦Henevercameexceptwhenhewasintrouble.(3)putsb.totrouble给某人造成麻烦；增添麻烦Iamsorryforputtingyoutosomuchtrouble.(4)taketroubletodosth.费心做某事；费心Itwasgoodofyoutotakethetroubletohelpus.[牛刀小试1]用所给单词的适当形式填空：(speed，owe，encourage，decide，moment，apologize)1.willneverforgetthe____givenbyMr.Wang,whichhelpedmeovercomealotdifficulty.2.Ihavemadea___thateverydepartmentinourcompanyshouldbuyacomputerofthiskind.3.Irecognizedthemanthe____Isawhimatthecorner.4.Sinceitwasabitlater，wehadto____up.5.Wemust____oursuccesstoourparentsandteachers.6.Theparentscamefromthefar-awayvillage,makingan____fortheirnaughtyson.\n☆词语比较☆1.win,beat,defeat表示获胜、取胜的词语(1)winv.赢……，获胜，接比赛或奖项winagame/aprize/anhonor/arace./Ourteamwonthegame8to7./Hewonbyfivepoints./Hewonherloveatlast./Hewonthefirstplaceinthecompetition.(2)beat+对手，表打败(尤指体育比赛)Icaneasilybeathimatgolf.(3)defeat表战胜，接对手Theenemywasdefeatedinthebattle.2.intheend,finally,atlast三者均可表示“(经过周折、等待、耽误)最后，终于”之意。不同的是：finally一般用在句中动词前面，而atlast与intheend的位置则较为灵活；三者中atlast语气最为强烈，且可单独作为感叹句使用。Afterputtingitoffthreetimes,wefinallymanagedtohaveaholidayinDalian./Atlastheknewthemeaningoflife./Atlast!Whereonearthhaveyoubeen?/Butintheendhegavein.另外，finally还可用在列举事项时，引出最后一个内容，相当于lastly。Firstly,weshouldmakeaplan;secondly,weshouldcarryitout;finallyweshouldmakeaconclu-sion.\n3.bysea,bythesea,inthesea,onthesea,atsea(1)bysea“走海路，乘船”，用来表示交通方式，同byship同义。Theseheavyboxesshouldbesentbysea.(2)bythesea“在海边”，相当于by(at)theseaside。ThechildrenenjoyedthemselvesbytheseaonChildren'sDay.(3)inthesea“在海里，在海水中”Therearemanyplantsandanimalsinthesea.(4)onthesea“在海面上”，“在海岸边”。Iwanttoliveinatownwithabeautifulpositiononthesea.(5)atsea在海上；在航海Whenhewokeup,theshipwasatsea.4.beafraid,beafraidtodosth.,beafraidof(doing)sth.(1)beafraid意为“担心，害怕”，多用于口语，常用来表示一种歉意，或遗憾，后可接so或not，也可接that从句。I'mafraid(that)其语意相当于I'msorry,but...。--Areweontime?我们准时吗?--I'mafraidnot.恐怕不准时。I'mafraidyou'llgetcaughtintherain.(2)beafraidtodosth常表示“由于胆小而不敢做某事”。Sheisafraidtobeherealone./Heisafraidtojumpintotheriverfromthebridge.(3)beafraidof(doing)sth.常表示“担心或害怕某事(发生)”。Iwasafraidofhurtingherfeelings.\n5.live,living,alive,lively(1)liveadj.①活的；活生生的；(只修饰生物；只作前置定语)Thelaboratoryisdoingexperimentswithseverallivemonkeys.②实况直播的(不是录音)Itwasn'tarecordedshow.Itwaslive.③带电的；燃着的；可爆炸的Thisisalivewire.(2)livingadj.活着的，有生命的(作表语或定语)Shewas,hethought,thebestlivingnovelistinEngland./Theoldmanisstillliving.(或alive)(3)aliveadj.①活着的；②有活力的；有生气作后置定语：Who'sthegreatestmanalive?作表语：Wasthesnakealiveordead?/Mygrandmotherismorealivethanalotofyoungpeople.作补语：Let'skeepthefishalive.(4)livelyadj.活泼的；有生气的；活跃的(作表语或定语)Themusicisbrightandlively.6.takeoff,takedown,takein,takeon,takeup(1)takeoff①(飞机)起飞Ahelicopterisabletotakeoffandlandstraightupordown.②脱下(衣裳等)；取下Hetookoffhiswetshoes./Whotooktheknoboffthedoor?\n③休假；请假；歇工Whenhiswifewassickhetookofffromwork.④(指观念、产品)大受欢迎；(事业)突然发达，成功Thenewtypeofcellphoneshasreallytakenoff./Hisbusinessbegantotakeoffwhenhewasinhisforties.(2)takedown①拿下来；取下来Hereacheduptothethirdshelfofthebookcaseandtookdownadictionary.②记下来Hereadoutthenamesandhissecretarytookthemdown.(3)takein①接受(房客，客人等)；收留Thefarmerstookinthelosttravelersforthenight.②理解；领会；明白Theboyscouldnottakeinhismeaning.③包括；涉及Thestudyofphysicstakesinmanydifferentsubjects.④使上当；欺骗Wewerecompletelytakeninbyherstory.(4)takeon①接受；从事(某工作)Afterhisfatherdied,Billtookonthemanagementofthefactory.②雇用Isthesupermarkettakingonanymoreassis-tant?\n③具有(新面貌、意思等)Thecityhastakenonanewlook.(5)takeup①从事某项活动；发展某种爱好Somanyyoungmenwanttotakeupwriting.②开始做(某项工作)；开始学习(某个课程)Thenshetookupthetaskofgettingthebreakfast./Hedroppedmedicineandtookupphysics.③占去(时间或空间)Themeetingtookupthewholemorning./Thetabletakesuptoomuchroom.④接受I'dliketotakeupyourofferofarideintotown.7.callfor,callon,callup(1)callfor①来找(某人)；来取(某物)I'llcallforyouatyourhouse.②要求；需要Successinschoolcallsformuchhardwork.(2)callon①callon/uponsb.拜访；去会(某人)Ihopetocallonyouatyourofficeat3o’clocktoday.②callon/uponsb.todosth.请／叫某人做某事Hecalleduponmetospeakimmediately.③号召；呼吁；要求ThePresidentcalledonhispeopletoservethecountry.\n(3)callup①给……打电话(英ringup)Itriedtocallyouuplastnight,butnooneansweredthephone.②征召入役；调用(后备部队)Threeboysinourstreetwerecalleduplastweek.8.toomuch,muchtoo(1)toomuch“太多”之意，可以作形容词，修饰不可数名词，也可作副词，修饰动词。Thereistoomuchrainhereinspring./Shetalkedtoomuchatthemeeting.(2)muchtoo“简直太，过于”，只能作副词，用来修饰形容词或别的副词，不能修饰动词。Thisbookismuchtoodifficultforme./Theoldmanwalksmuchtooslowly.9.custom,habit(1)custom指传统风俗、习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接不定式。Theybrokesomeoftheoldcustoms./ItisthecustominChinatoeatdumplingsduringthespringFestival.(2)habit指个人生活习惯。“(有)养成……习惯”常用bein/fallinto/getinto/form/havethehabitofdoingsth.句型；“戒掉……习惯”常用giveup/kick/breakawayfrom/getoutofthehabitofdoingsth.句型。It'seasytogetintoabadhabitbutitshardtogiveitup./Thedrugeasilygetoneintothehabitofsmoking.\n10.arise,rise,raiseraisevt.“使……上升；升起；提高”等；risevi.“上升；升起”；arisevi.“站起来(standup)”，“起床(getup)”，rise和arise用作站起，起床都属正式用法；arise主要表示“出现、发生”等意思。Sheraisedhervoiceinanger.(抬高)Thewindraisedthefallenleavesfromtheground.(刮起)Thechildrosefromthegroundandrantohismother.(=Thechildraisedhimselffromthegroundandrantohismother.)(爬起)Sherisesbeforeitislight.(起床)Difficultieswillariseaswedothework.(出现)☆短语归纳☆1.can'thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事，不由得不做某事Shecouldn'thepsmiling.[比较](1)can'thelpbutdo不得不……；不能不Whenthestreetsarefullofmeltingsnow,youcan'thelpbutgetyourshoeswet.(2)cannotbut不能不，只能Hecouldnotbutfeeldisappointed.[归纳](1)help(sb.)(to)dosth.Helpmegethimbacktobedatonce./Byhelpingthemwearehelpingsaveourselves.\n(2)help...withsth.帮助……做某事Inthosedaysheusedtohelphermotherwithhergardening.(3)helponeself/sb.tosth.给自己/别人夹菜/拿烟等；擅自拿用MayIhelpyoutosomemorevegetables?(4)help...insth.在……方面帮助某人SheofferedtohelpRoseinthehousekeepingwhenIamnothere.(5)helpout帮忙(做事；克服困难等)I'veoftenhelpedBoboutwhenhe'sbeenabitshortofmoney.2.含go的短语①goaround到处走／跑．(疾病)流传，(谣言)传开；goafter追求；goahead说吧，请吧，做吧；goaway离开，出去②goback走网头路，翻悔改变；gobad变坏；goboating去划船③gofishing去钓鱼；goforawalk去散步④gohiking去徒步旅行；gohome回家⑤goinfor喜爱，从事于；gointo进入，加入⑥gomad发疯⑦gooff离去，去世；goon继续，进展，依据；goondoing继续做；goout出去，发出去，熄灭，不时兴；goover研究，检查，搜查⑧goshopping去商店；goskating去滑冰；gostraightalong沿着；goswimming去游泳⑨gothrough通过，经受，仔细检查；gotobed上床\n⑩goup上升⑪gowrong走错路，误入歧途[例句]We'llgothroughtheitemsonebyone.我们要逐条研究。Shehasgonebacktoheroldhabits.她又回到了已往的习惯。ComeonSundaybyyourself-wecangooverthehousetogether.星期天你要过来．我们一起检查一下房子。Hisspeechwentonforsolongthatpeoplebegantofallasleep.他的演讲持续很长时间，结果人们开始想睡。Thatexpressionhasgoneout.NobodyUsesittoday.那个短语已经过时了，现在没有人在用它。Theyoungfellowhasn'trealizedthathehasgonewrong.这个年轻人还没有意识到他已经误入歧途。Tiredofgoingshoppingwithhiswife，Mr.Liupretendedtohavesomethingimportanttodo.厌烦与妻子一起去购物，刘先生假装有重要的事情要做。【考例2】(2004北京)Idon't____rock'n'roll.It'smuchtoonoisyformytaste.A.goafterB.goawaywithC.gointoD.goinfor[考查目标]此题主要考查四个动词短语的意思。[答案与解析]Dgoafter追求；goawaywith带走；gointo进入，加入；goinfor喜爱，爱好。根据句子意思“摇滚音乐太嘈杂。不合乎我的口味．所以我不喜欢”。\n【考例】(NMET1998)Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto____.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的意思。[答案与解析]Dputup挂起；givein屈服；turnon打开；goout熄灭。本句话意思是“没有人注意到贼溜进了屋子，因为灯碰巧熄灭了”。3.gowrong(1)走错路；弄错方向(2)失败；不顺利Allourplanswentwrong./Everythingwentwronginthosedays.(3)发生故障Theclockwentwrong.[比较]表示“变为”的系动词(1)go表示由积极向消极方面变化Fishsoongoesbadinhotweather.又如：gomad/pale/blind/hungry(2)become/get表示由积极向消极或消极向积极方面变化Theweatherisgettingquitewarm./Graduallyhebecamesilent.(3)turn多接表颜色的词Thisinkturnsblackwhenitdries./Heusedtobeateachertillheturnedwriter.注意：becomeawriter\n(4)grow侧重变化过程Theseaisgrowingcalm.(5)fall进入某种状态Allthreechildrenfellasleep.4.owe...to...受到恩惠；归功于……(1)欠(钱)owesb.money=owemoneytosb.Iowe￡50tomytailor.=Iowemytailor￡50.(2)得过(某人的)好处；欠(某人的)人情债Weoweagreatdealtoourparentsandteachers.(3)应当给予Youowemeanapology.(4)……应归功于；……都亏得WeowethegeneraltheoryofrelativitytoEinstein.[拓展]表示“由于”的词组：owingto/becauseof/thanksto/dueto/asaresultof5.takeone'splace(1)入座，站好位置，取得地位Takeyourplaces,please.Weareabouttostart.(2)takeone'splace=taketheplaceofsb.代替(职务或工作等)；接替ElectrictrainshavenowtakentheplaceofsteamtrainsinEngland.[比较](1)inplace(of)代替；……而不用Thegrown-upshadcoffeebutthechildrenwantedmilkinplaceofcoffee.\n(2)takeone'sseat在自己座位上坐下；有时等于takeone'splace：Moremenenteredandtooktheirseats.6.thinkhighlyof赞扬表赞赏的词有：(1)think/speakhighly/well/much...of:Thepeoplethinkveryhighlyofhim.表认为不好的词有：(2)thinklittle/badly/poorly/nothing...of:Joanthoughtlittleofwalkingtwomilestoschool.7.含“动词+away”的短语①doawaywith去掉②getaway逃脱，(使)离开③goaway离去，出去④putaway放好，把……收拾起来，存(钱)以备它日之用⑤runaway逃走，离开⑥smoothaway去除，克服⑦stayaway(from)不在家，外出⑧takeaway拿走，带走，夺去，使离去⑨throwaway扔掉．浪费．坐失(良机)[例句]Don'tthrowawaysuchagoodchance.Oryou'llregret.不要放弃这么好的机会，不然的话，你会后悔\n的。Putawaythetoolsbeforeyouleave.离开前把工具收拾好。Whydidyoustayawayfromschool?你为什么不去上学?IhadhopedtotakeagoodholidaythisyearbutIwasn'tabletogetaway.我本打算今年好好去度假，但是我离不开。【考例】(2004重庆)Beforethewarbrokeout,manypeople____insafeplacespossessionstheycouldnottakewiththem．A.threwawayB.putawayC.gaveawayD.carriedaway[考查目标]此题主要考查“动词+away”四个短语的意思。[答案与解析]Bthrowaway扔掉；putway放好，把……收拾起来；giveaway分发．泄露；carryaway冲走。本句话意思是“在战争爆发以前，许多人把他们不能带走的财产藏在了安全的地方”。8.含“动词+off”的短语①dropoff放下，下车②falloff(从……)掉下来③getoff(从……)下来，动身，起飞，脱下来④giveoff发出，放出⑤jumpoff跳离⑥putoff推迟，延期⑦setoff出发，引起，启程\n⑧seesboff为某人送行，为……送行⑨switchoff关掉⑩takeoff脱，去掉，起飞，匆匆离开，成名⑪throwoff匆忙脱掉⑫turnoff关掉，避开，拐弯[例句]Theelectricitysupplymustbeturnedoffatthemainsbeforeyouchangethelightingcircuit.在改变火线前，主干线的电力供应必须切断。MrsGareyasusualwenttothedoortoseehimoff.Garey夫人像通常一样把他送到门口。Hehadtoputoffanappointmentwithmeonaccountofillness.因为疾病的缘故，他不得不推迟了与我的约会。Beforethebodyofthecarcanbeproperlyrepaired,alltheexternalfittingsmustbetakenoff.车身适当修理前，所有外部的配件必须拿下来。Thefiredoesn'tseemtobegivingoffmuchheat.这炉火好像不大热。【考例】(2005广东)JohnisleavingforLondontomorrowandIwill____him____attheairport.A.send...awayB.leave...offC.see...offD.show...around[考查目标]此题主要考查短语seeoff的用法。[答案与解析]Cseeoff意为“给某人送行”；sendaway意为“派遣”；leaveoff意为“停止，不再穿”；showaround意为“带领某人参观”。\n[牛刀小试2]在下列句子的空白处填上适当的介词或副词。1.Mygrandmotherhadput____over$50,000whenshewassixty—fiveyearsold.2.Hismotherhadthoughtitwouldbegoodforhischarac-tertoget____homeandearnsomemoneyonhisown.3.Themarketwasfilled____saltedfish,givingtheworstsmellthatyoucanimagine.4.--Whatdoyouthinkthecontest?--IwastoldthattheEnglishSpeechContestwent____successfullylastnight.5.Ifyouhadgone____yourtestpapercarefullybeforehandingitinyouwouldhavemadefewermistakes.☆句型诠释☆1.Thereasonwhyhecouldnotgotherewasthathisgradesweretoolow.他没能上电影学院是因为他的分数太低了。该句巾的why引导一个定语从句，而that引导表语从句。1.句中that引导的表语从句说明主语reason的具体内容，往往被看作是固定句型：Thereasonis/wasthatclause.当主语是reason/cause时，一般不能用because或why引导表语从句，以免造成语意重复。当主语是This/That时，可以由because/why引导表语从句。例如：OnereasonisthatpeopletraveledtoAmericafromallEuropeancountries.\n【考例】(NMET1999)--IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.--Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where[考查目标]表语从句。[答案与解析]A句子的意思是“那就是你请了几天假的原因吗?”因此可知答案为why。2.why在句中是关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，同时它在定语从句中作状语，此时why=forwhich，但要注意：关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代词that或which。【考例】(2002上海春招)Isthisthereason____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained[考查目标]定语从句。[答案与解析]Awhat，how不能引导定语从句，排除B、C两项；thereason在定语从句中作explained的宾语，可填that/which，或者也可以省略。2.Manypeoplewhosawthefilmwereafraidtoswimintheseawhentheyrememberedthescenesinwhichpeoplewereeatenbytheshark.好多看过这个片子的人一想起片中鲨鱼食人的场面．就不敢下海游泳了。\n该句是一个复杂长句，从when到句子末尾是状语从句，在从句中包含一个由which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词scenes;在前面的主句里面。包含一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people。例如：ThosewhowanttogocampingnextSundaysignyournameherebeforeclassisover.定语从句关系词的选择，要遵循“瞻前顾后”的原则，所谓“瞻前”即看前面的先行词指人还是指物；“顾后”即后面的定语从句，看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。例如：Thisisthefactorywhereheworks.(状语)/Thisisthefactory(that/which)hevisited.(宾语)【考例】(NMET1992)Inthedarkstreet，therewasn'tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom[考查目标]定语从句。[答案与解析]D“turntosbforhelp”为固定短语，意思是“向某人求助”，所以选towhom。3.Whenaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,StevenSpielbergsaidthatheowesmuchofhissuccessandhappinesstohiswifeandchildren.当有人问起他成功的秘诀时。史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格说起他的成功和幸福主要来自于妻子和孩子。该句中的"when"是时间状语从句的省略形式。在状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，而且从句谓语动词是be或包含be时，常常将从句主语与be省略。例如：Althoughborn\ninChicago,theauthorisfamousforhisstoriesaboutNewYork.【考例】(2003上海春招)Unless___tospeak，youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited[考查目标]状语从句的省略现象。[答案与解析]Aunless为连词，后面省略了youare，所以选invited。4.Havinggoodtablemannersmeansknowing,forexample,howtouseknivesandforks,whentodrinkatoastandhowtobehaveatthetable.在餐桌上，懂礼节意味着你知道如何使用刀叉，何时祝酒以及如何在用餐时举止得体。该句中havinggoodmanners为v-ing形式作主语。例如：Collectingstampsisoneofhishobbies.▲友情提示：在v-ing形式前加形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，构成v-ing复合结构，在句中作主语、宾语。【考例5】(2001上海)Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and____.A.he'dliketocollectcoinsaswellB.hefeelslikecollectingcoins,tooC.tocollectcoinsisalsohishobbyD.collectingcoinsgiveshimgreatpleasure\n[考查目标]v-ing作主语。[答案与解析]DA、B、C三项句法都无错误，但在and连接的并列句中，两个简单句的主语要保持一致的形式fishingandcollectingcoins分别做两个简单句的主语。5.It'spolitetofinisheatingeverythingonyourplate,sodon'ttakemorefoodthanyouneed.餐盘里的东西要吃光才礼貌，所以不要多拿。该句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为tofinisheating…例如：It'snotrighttotelllies.撒谎是不对的。it作为形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语。常见的句型有：1.It+be+adj.+todosth2.It+be+n.+todosth3.It+be+PP.todosth【考例】(2001上海)Infact____isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it[考查目标]形式主语。[答案与解析]D只有it才可以作形式主语。【句型归纳】1.When/While/Though/Unless/If+n./adj./现在分词／过去分词……状语从句有些成分有时可省略，一般是主语和be省略；有时it和be可以省略：Hemadenoanswerwhen(heis)spokento.\n/Though(hewas)borninChicago,theauthorismostfamousforhisstoriesaboutNewYork./Comebackearlyif(itis)possible.[注意]用法详见Chapter10语法活用“省略和插入语”。2.Notonly/just…but(also)连接相同的句子成分NotonlytheteacherbutallthestudentsaregoingtovisittheScienceMuseum.(连接主语时根据就近原则)/Theynotonlysangbut(also)dancedforawholenight./Manypeoplegotoseethisfilmnotjustbecausethefilmisinteresting,butalsotheleadingactorsandactressesareallworldfamous./Notonlydowelearnforourcountry,butwe'llworkforherinthefuture.(连接句子时，notonly后的句子要部分倒装)[牛刀小试3]1.Thereason____youfailed,Ithink,was____youhadturnedadeafeartoyourmother'sadvice.A.that;becauseB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.forthat;that2.TheEnglishplay____mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.(2004全国卷I)A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich3.When____,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.(2002上海春招)\nA.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted4.____themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.(2003上海)A.ThepresidentwillattendB.ThepresidenttoattendC.ThepresidentattendD.Thepresident'sattending5.Idon'tthink____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.(NMET1990)A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it【交际速成】1.GivingopinionsandMakingcomments询问看法与作出评价(2003北京西城)--HowdoyoufindthetalkgivenbyMr．Smith?--____.A.VerywellB.ExcitedC.BoringD.Notatan[答案与解析]C本题考查对事物提出看法或作出评价的用语。A、B两项词法错误，若改为Verygood或Exciting，就可回答提问了。D项不合语境。此句完整为：(It's)Boring.【归纳】英语中询问看法的用语有：①Howdoyoulike/find...?②Whatdoyouthinkof/about...?\n③Whatdoyoufeelabout...?2.Describingsequences按次序描述事件发生的过程Motherfirstdidsomewashingandthendidsomecooking,____shehadarest.A.finallyB.intheendC.bytheendD.atlast[答案与解析]A本题考查如何描述事情发生的顺序。finally用于在列举一系列内容之后。要引出最后一项内容的场合；也可与atlast互换，表示所盼望的事迟迟到来。intheend强调结果。有时可与口atlast意义相同。【归纳】英语中常见描述事件发生次序的用语有：①First,....Next,....Then....Finally,....例如:First,wewenttoLeshan.Next,weclimbedMountEmei.Thenweplayedwithsomemoneys.Finally,towardseveningwewereonthewaybacktoChengdu.②Whatdidyoudonext?3.Thanks致谢(2002北京)--It'sbeenawonderfulevening,Thankyouverymuch.--____.A.MypleasureB.I'mgladtohearthatC.No,thanksD.It'sOK\n[答案与解析]A本题考查英语中如何表达感谢及应答。Mypleasure是回答感谢的客套话。【归纳】英语中表达感谢的用语有：①Thankyou(verymuch).②Thanksalot.③Thankyouforyourhelp.④It'sverykind/niceofyou.⑤Manythanks.⑥Iappreciateyourhelp.⑦Icanneverthankyouenough.⑧I'mextremelygratefultoyou.应答用语有：①It'sapleasure.②Mypleasure.③That'sOK/allright.④You'rewelcome.⑤Notatall.⑥Don'tmentionit.⑦Notroubleatall(没什么).⑧Atyourservice(愿为你效劳).⑨Thinknothingofit.[牛刀小试4]\n1.--Thankyoueversomuchforyourhelp.--____.A.GladtohearthatB.NotworththankingC.ThinknothingofitD.You'retoopolite2.--Howdidyoufindyourvisittothemuseum,Jane?--____.A.Oh,wonderful,indeedB.BytakingaNo.3busC.IwenttherealoneD.Aclassmateofmineshowedmetheway3.--____thearticlesofTimes?--I'mnotsure.IglancedthroughthembutIhaven'tformedanopinionyet.A.HowdoyouthinkofB.WhatdidyoulikeC.HowdidyoulikeD.Whatdoyouthinkof4.--Thankyouverymuchforthemeal.--Notatall.____.A.I'mverygladtohearthatB.I'mgladyoucouldcomeC.MakeyourselfathomeD.Withpleasure☆精典题例☆1.Generallyspeaking,____accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.(2003年上海)A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken【解析】选Btake和drug是动宾关系，要用过去分词作状语。可看作是whenitistaken的省略。\n2.Unless____tospeak，youshouldremainsilentattheconference.(2003年春季上海)A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited【解析】选Ayou与invite是动宾关系，要用过去分词invited作状语。3.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(NMET2002)A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun【解析】选Doncebegun在句中作状语；once这里是连词，“一旦”。4.____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.(2004年湖北)A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared【解析】选D相当于whenitiscompared。5.____snacksanddrinks,buttheyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest.(2004年上海)A.NotonlytheybroughtB.NotonlydidtheybringC.NotonlybroughttheyD.Notonlytheydidbring【解析】选Bnotonly...butalso引导的并列句；以notonly开头的句子要部分倒装。\n6.____,heusedtohelpedhisfatheronthefarm.A.WhenwasaboyB.AshewasaboyC.AsaboyD.Duringaboy【解析】选Cas在这里是连词；asaboy=when(hewas)aboy。Chapter4SBIUnits7-8☆重点句型☆1.Wherethereisariver,thereisacity.where引导地点状语从句2.Strong,proudandunited,thepeopleofSt.PetersburgarethemodemheroesofRussia.形容词作状语3.Wewoulddoeverythingwecantosaveourcity.表示“竭尽全力”的说法4.I'dratherwatchitthanplayit.wouldrather的用法5.Everyfouryears,athletesfromallovertheworldtakepartintheOlympicGames.表示“每隔……”的说法\n6.Tomakeitthebestevergames,thecapitalcitywillmakeseveralbigchanges.不定式作目的状语7.Itistrue/certain...that...it作形式主语代替主语从句8.YaoMinghasmorethanjustsize.morethan的用法☆重点词汇☆1.culturaladj.文化的2.representvt.代表；表现3.includevt.包括；包含4.beautyn.美；美景5.portraitn.肖像6.recreatevt.再创造7.periodn.一段时间8.damagen.&vt.损害；伤害9.websiten.网址10.ancientadj.古代的11.projectn.计划；方案；工程12.officialn.&adj.官员；官方的13.pollutionn.污染14.limitvt.&n.限制；有限15.sincerelyadv.真诚地16.continentn.大陆；陆地17.athleten.运动员\n18.competitorn.竞争者；对手19.motton.座右铭20.rankvi.分等级；排名21.preparevt.准备22.profilen.简介23.weightn.重力；重量24.positionn.位置；职位25.facialadj.面部的26.gesturen.手势；姿态27.effectn.影响；效果28.titlen.题目；头衔☆重点短语☆1.givein让步；投降2.inruins废墟；遗迹3.bring...backtolife使苏醒；使生动4.pulldown拆毁；推毁5.setup设立；建立6.standfor代表；代替7.becauseof因为；由于8.inpreparationfor为……准备9.inone'sopinion以某人看来10.underattack被袭\n11.withthehelpof在……的帮助下12.Inmodemtimes在现代；在近代13.asfollows如下14.changeone'smind改变主意15.liveone'sdream实践某人的梦想16.inpieces碎片17.trackandfield田径18.takepartin参加19.sofar到目前为止20.havegreateffectsonsb.对某人有深刻的影响短语闯关下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词5分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?1.give____让步；投降；屈服2.____ruins成为废墟；遭到严重破坏3.bring...backto____使苏醒；使生动；使活泼4.pull____拆毁，摧毁；推翻5.set____设立，创立6.stand____代表；代替；象征；支持7.because____因为，由于\n8.____skating速滑9.____andfield田径10.would____宁愿，宁可11.take____参加12.____preparationfor为……准备13.____fouryears每四年14.look____over俯视；面朝……15.____moderntimes(在)现代16.do/tryone's____尽全力17.liveone's____实现梦想18.be____on建立在……基础上19.____one'sopinion在某人看来20.____attack受到攻击☆交际用语☆1.Youshouldtaketheadviceofyourteacher.2.Itmightbe,Isuppose.3.Goodtry,butnotquiteright.4.ThanksforyouradvicebutIhavetoconsideritmyself.5.Whatabout…?Howabout…?Whynot…?6.What'syourfavoritesport?7.Whichwouldyoupreferor...?8.Areyouinterbredin...?\n9.Ipreferfishingtoswimming.10.Whatpositiondoyouplay?☆词汇短语☆【考点2】effect的用法▲构词：effectiveadj.有效的．被实施的，给人深刻印象的，实际的．现行的▲搭配：①beofnoeffect无效，没有作用。不中用②bring/carry/putintoeffect实行，实施，使生效，实现③come/gointoeffect开始生效，开始实施④have(an)effecton/upon对……有影响；对……起作用，产生效果⑤have/takeeffect见效，生效；开始发生作用；实施，实行⑥ineffect实际上；(规律，法律等)生效，有效，在实行中【考例2】[2004辽宁]Decidingontheamountofwaterthatwillbeusedinanyparticularperiodrequirescare—fulplanning,sothatpeoplecanmanageandusewatermore____.A.effectivelyB.easily\nC.convenientlyD.actively[考查目标]考查effect及其派生词的词义。[答案与解析]Aeffectively是effect的副词形式．意思是“高效地”。【考点5】escape的用法▲搭配：①escapefrom/outof从……漏出／逸出；从……逃脱②escapedoingsth避免做某事【考例5】Thefirewastoostrongthatnobodycould____fromthebuilding．A.rescueB.escapeC.setfreeD.letout[考查目标]本题考查escape的词义。[答案与解析]Bescape意思是“逃脱，逃跑”，常和厂tom等介词连用。【考点6】feed的用法▲搭配：①feed...on/withsth以某物喂(养)……②feedsthto...把某物喂给……③feedonsth以某物为食【考例6】Thenewscamethatthebaby____verywell,sotheparentsstoppedworrying.\nA.wasfedB.wasfedonC.fedD.fedon[考查目标]本题考查feed以及feedon的用法。[答案与解析]Aon的后面接表示“食品”的名词或代词，本句没有这类名词。因此on不能保留。【考点3】free的用法▲构词：①freedomn.自由，自主，无拘束，率直，随便②freelyadv.▲搭配：①befreetodosth可以自由／随便做某事②forfree=freeofcharge免费地，无偿地③setsb.free释放某人，使某人获得自由【考例3】[2000京皖春招]Thenewonesalwayswentwildatfirst，butthisneverlastedlong.The____tooksomegettingusedto.A.freedomB.habitC.timeD.people[考查目标]考查free及其派生词的意思。[答案与解析]Afreedom是free的名词形式，意思是“自由，随便”。【考点4】hold的用法\n▲搭配：①get/take/catch/lay/keep/seizeholdof抓住②loseholdof松手放开．放弃③holdback踌躇，阻止．抑制(情感、情绪)，隐而不宣④holddown保有(一份T作)；压迫；压低；控制⑤holdin抑制，压抑⑥holdoneselfin压抑自己的情感⑦holdoff(使)保持距离⑧holdon坚持，保持坚定；(打电话时)等一下。别挂断⑨holdonto不丢掉；保持【考例4】[NMET2002]Wethoughtofsellingthisoldfurniture,butwe'vedecidedto____it.Itmightbevaluable.A.hold0ntoB.keepuDwithC.turntoD.lookafter[考查目标]hold构成的词组的意义。[答案与解析]Aholdonto意思是“保存．不丢弃”。1.includevt.包括；包含；列在里面Ithinkyou'llfindtheplanincludesmostofyoursuggestions.我想你会发现这个计划包括了你的大部分建议。Iincludedeggsonthelistofthingstobuy.\n我把鸡蛋列在要买的东西中了。Myjobdoesn'tincludemakingcoffeefortheboss.为老板煮咖啡不是我工作份内的事。[比较]including“包括”，表主动；included“包括”，表被动I'morderingsomeextraofficeequipment.somenewdesksandawordprocessorincluded.includingsomenewdesksandawordprocessor.我准备额外订购一些办公室设备，包括一些新的办公桌和一台文字处理机。【考点7】limit的用法▲构词：limitedadj.有限的▲搭配：①gobeyond/overthelimit超过限度②reachthelimitof达到……的极限▲辨析：limit；restrict这两个动词的一般含义为“限制”或“局限”。limit指时、空、程度、蟹等方面的“限定”。其内涵是如果超出了这种限度就会受罚或遭到令人不快的后果；此外，这个词也常用来表示“局限”。例如：Youshouldlimityourspeechto15minutes.你必须把你的讲话限制在15分钟内。restrict区别于limit的地方在于：restrict"限制”的是范\n围，而limit侧重于表示“限制”到某个点。例如：lndemocraticcountriesanyeffortstorestrictthefree—domofthePressarerightlycondemned.在民主的国家里，限制新闻自由的任何努力都要受到公正的谴责。Thetreesrestrictourview.这些树局限了我们的视野。【考例7】MarksaidhisEnglishwasso____thathewasn'ttoosureaboutsomeoftheidioms.A.limitB.limitedC.limitingD.limitless[考查目标]本题考查limit相关分词的用法。[答案与解析]Blimited是limit的过去分词，意思是“有限的”。【考点8】point的用法▲搭配：①atthispoint在此地，在此刻②beonthepointofdoingsth正要做某事③tothepoint切题，说中要害④offthepoint离题，走题【考例8】Everytimewewereonthe____ofgivingup,thecaptaincalledusback.A.edgeB.topC.pointD.centre[考查目标]本题考查point及其构成的短语的意思。\n[答案与解析]Conthepointof...意思是“就要(差点)做了某事”。【考点1】prepare的用法▲构词：①preparationn.准备，预备②preparedadj.准备好的．精制的▲搭配：①prepare(sth)for.../todosth为……作准备(……)②preparesb/oneselffor.../todosth使某人／自己准备好……③bepreparedfor.../todosth准备好……④beinpreparation在准备中；在编辑中⑤inpreparationfor作为……的准备⑥makepreparationsagainst为对付……作准备⑦makepreparationsfor为……作准备【考例1】[2004北京]--What'sthatterriblenoise?--Theneighbors____foraparty．A.havepreparedB.arepreparingC.prepareD.willprepare[考查目标]考查prepare在作谓语时的用法。[答案与解析]B从上句叙述的情况来看，“准备”正在\n进行。2.preparevt./vi.准备[拓展]preparationn.准备；makepreparationsfor...为……做准备[词组]preparesb.for/todosth.使某人对……作好准备Theteachersarepreparingthestudentsforthefinalexaminations.老师们正在让学生准备期末考试。preparesb.sth.为某人准备……Thehostandthehostresspreparedusaddiciousmeal.主人为我们准备了美味佳肴。prepareforsth.准备做……Thestudentsarebusypreparingforthecollegeentranceexamination.学生们正忙于准备考大学。bepreparedfor...为……准备；对……做好了准备，表示结果Thestudentsarewellpreparedforthesportsmeeting.学生们为运动会做好了充分的准备。[比较】preparesth.宾语必须是动作的直接承受者。例如：\npreparethelesson/aspeech/ameal。prepareforsth.中for的宾语是表示准备的目的。例如：preparefortheexanl/anoperation/atrip。[牛刀小试1]用所给单词的适当形式填空：(enjoy,prepare,effect,limit,point)1.Fewstudentsinthiscollegegot____forthefu-turework.2.Themedicineleftno____onthepatient,soheleftthehospitalatlast.3.Theemperorwalkedonthestreet,____uphisheadhigh.4.Thedriversaidtothepolicemanthathedidn'tknowthespeed____.5.Long.longagothescientists____outitiswrongtogoagainstnatureintheagricultureproduc-tion.☆词语比较☆1.realize，cometruerealize和cometrue都有“实现(理想／愿望等)”之意，但两者用法不同。realize是及物动词，常用于sb.realizesth.这种结构；cometrue是不及物动词词组，\n通常用来表示“理想、愿望等”的名词作句子的主语。TheChinesepeoplealeworkinghardtorealizethemeAemizations.中国人民正在为实现现代化而努力工作。Hisdreamofbecomingateachercametrue.他当教师的理想实现了。2.beableto,can(could)(1)beableto可用于多种时态，can只有现在时和过去时eould。Onedaypeoplewillbeabletorunakilometreintwominutes.总有一天人们会两分钟跑完一千米的。(一般将来时)Hehasnotbeenabletocome.他没能来。(现在完成时)(2)can和could除了表示“能力”，还可表示“可能性”。Mygrandmothercanbeveryunpleasantattimes.我的祖母有时候会让人非常不愉快。(3)beableto的过去式was/wereableto表示在过去某时的某一场合设法做成了某事，相当于managedtodo；而could则无此意义。\nThefirewasverybig;onlyafewpeoplewereabletoescapefromit.3.ruin,destroy,damage三个词都有“毁灭”、“破坏”之意，但它们的含义不同：ruin强调毁灭的彻底性，并且是一次性地行动。这种毁灭也许力量不是很大，但其严重性却使其不能修复。它强调的是破坏的长期结果；destroy指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难修复，有时用于比喻意义；damage则指对价值和动能的破坏，多用于无生命的东西，一般还可以修复。You'llruinyourhealthifyougoOnlikethat.这样下去你会毁了你的健康。Theearthauakedestroyedmanylives.这次地震夺走r许多人的生命。Thestrongwinddamagedseveralhouses.强风损坏了几间房子。4.joinin,takepartin,attend,join(1)takepartin+activities/work,discussion/research等。takeparrin强调参与性，特别是有众多人参加的活动，含在活动中起一定作用，负有责任之意。\nMillionsofworkerstookpartin(=joinedin)thestrike/revolutionarymovement/fighting．数以百万计的工人参加了罢工／革命运动／斗争。Hetookanactivepartin(joinedactivelyin)internationalacademicexchanges.他积极参加国际学术交流活动。We'lltakepartinsocialactivitiesduringsummervacation.这个暑假我们将参加社会活动。(2)join可表示参加一个组织或成为其中一员或与人为伴，和某人一起做某事，而takepartin则不这样用。Hejoinedthearmy/League/Part/club/studentsunion.他参军／入团／入党／参加俱乐部／学生会。Pleasejdnus/myfamily/Mary.和我们／家人／玛丽作伴。(3)joinin+activities(相当于takepartin)或joinsb.in+activities.指和他人一起参加活动、比赛等。Ididn'tjointheminwritingthatbook.我没有参编那本书。AllofusjoinedintheEnglishspeechcompetition.\n我们都参加了英语演讲比赛。(4)attendv.“参加”是正式用语，指出席会议，参加婚礼，典礼等，又可指上学，上课，听报告。HewasinvitedtoattendMary'sweddingceremony.他被邀请参加玛丽的婚礼。5.competition,game,race,match(1)competition意为“比赛”，“竞争”，可指各种形式上的竞赛。(2)game意为“游戏”，“比赛”，通常指有一定规则，凡参加者均需遵守，可指连续的游戏或比赛活动中的一局。说球赛时，一般用game，美国人用game，英国人则用match。另外game用作复数时可指大型体育运动会，如：OlympicGames奥运会，theAsianGames亚运会。(3)race通常指一种跑的竞赛，可以是人也可以是动物，一般不指短距离赛跑(短距离赛跑用dash)，如：赛跑，赛马，赛车，赛船等。(4)match常指体育代表团之间的较重大的公开赛，在有些情况下与game相同，一般指竞技比赛。如：拳击，网球，高尔夫球等。6.hold,takeplace,happen(1)hold为及物动词，“举行；召开”。\nThemeetingwillbeheldnextSunday.(2)takeplace指按计划或安排所要发生的事情，它是不及物动词短语，不能带宾语，没有被动语态。Themeetingisgoingtotakeplacetomorrow.(3)happen多指偶然发生的事，不及物动词，无被动形式。Doyouknowwhathashappenedoverthere?7.morethan,more…than(1)morethan主要有以下用法：①后接名词，表示超出该名词之所指，意为“不只是，不止”。Bambooisusedformorethanbuilding.竹子不仅仅用于建筑。②后接形容词或动词，用来加强语气，“很；非常”。Sheismorethanpleasedwithherdaughter'sperformance.她对女儿的演出十分高兴。③后接副词，加强语气，表“十分”，“不止”之意。Hewasdressedmorethansimply.他穿的岂止是朴素，简直近乎破烂了。④后接含有情态动词Carl的从句，其本意是“超过”，常用来表示否定意义，可译为：“简直不”，“远非”。\nThebeautyofthiscityismorethanwordscandescribe.这城市之美是无法用语言描述的。⑤后接数词，表示超出该数，意思是“多于；大于”。Thefactoryturnsoutmorethanonehundredcarsdaily.该厂日产汽车一百多辆。(2)more...than结构中间常插入形容词或副词，表示以下两种含义：①表示普通的比较级，指两种不同的事物(人)在同一属性上的比较。Thiscoatismoreexpensivethanthatone.②表示“与其说是……不如说是……”，指对同一事物的两种属性进行选择。Sheismorediligentthanwise.与其说她聪明，不如说她勤奋。8.weigh，weight，weightyweighvt.称……；vi.重weightn.重量；重要性weightyadj.重的Theyweighedtheapplestheypickedfromthetrees.他们把从树上摘下来的苹果过了秤。Thegoodswerecarefullyweighedbeforetheywere\nshippedoff.货物在用船运走之前仔细过了称。--Howmuchdoestheboxweigh?--Itweighssixpounds.“这个箱子重多少?”“重六磅。”Whatisyourweight?=Howmuchdoyouweigh?你的体重有多少?【短语归类】4.bring...backtolife使恢复；使苏醒；使生动Theydidalltheycouldtobringhimbacktolife.他们尽一切努力以使他苏醒。Agreatactorcanbringacharactertolife.一个伟大的演员能使角色生动起来。[拓展]bring...backtohealth使……恢复健康comebacktolife苏醒过来与bring构成的词组：bringabout引起；造成bringup提出；抚养大bringtogether使和解bringback使回想起bringdown降低；减少bringin有收入；请来；引进\nbringon引起；使发生5.changeone'smind改变主意Nothingcouldchangehermind,sothemeetingbrokeup.什么也改变不了她的主意，所以会议解散了。[词组]bringbacktomind使回想起keepinmind记住havesomething/somebndyinmind心里想着某事／某人makeupone'smind下决心(mind在此可数)readone'smind看出某人的心思takesomethingoffone’smind去掉某人的心事6.inmodemtimes在现代time做“时代”解时，通常用复数形式(times)。Timeshavechanged,andweshouldn'tfallbehindthem.时代变化了，我们不应该落后于时代。Inancienttimes,peoplelivedonwildfruitsandwildbeasts.在古代，人们靠吃野果和野兽为生。[词组]innotime立刻；马上atonetime曾经\nontime按时intime及时atatime一次foratime一度behindthetimes落伍atalltimes一直；经常attimes有时候fromtimetotime不时；有时【考点2】set短语①setoff出发，动身，启程②setone'smindto一心想做……③setfree释放④setup设立．创立⑤setout出发．陈列，陈述⑥setdown(使)放下；写下，记下⑦settowork开始工作[例句]Theyhavesetoffonajourneyroundtheworld.他们已经开始环游世界。Thegovernmenthassetupaworkingpartytolookintotheproblemofdrugabuse.政府已经成立T作组调查滥用毒品问题。LiuXianghassetupanewworldrecordinmen's110mhurdles.刘翔创下了新的110米栏世界纪录。Youcouldbeaverygoodwriterifyousetyourmindtoit.你只要专心．就可能成为优秀作家。【考例2】(2004江苏)It'stenyearssincethescientist\n____onhislife'sworkofdiscoveringthevaluablechemical.A.madeforB.setoutC.tookoffD.turnedup[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的辨析。[答案与解析]Bmakefor走向，有利于；setout开始，着手；takeoff脱下，起飞；turnup出现，到达。本句话意思是“从这位科学家开始发现有价值的化学药品的工作已经十年了”。3.underattack遭受攻击。under表示“在……(状态)中”；“在……(情况)下”[词组]underrepair在修理中understudy在研究着underconstruction在建设中【考点3】动词+down的短语①comedown下来②falldown倒下，跌落，从……落下，失败③godown下降，下跌④getdown下来⑤putdown把……放下来；平定，镇压⑥sitdown坐下⑦shutdown把……关上\n⑧turndown关小，调低，拒绝⑨slowdown减缓，减速，放慢⑩write/set/note/putdown写下，记下⑩pulldown拆毁，摧毁．推翻⑩getdowntobusiness言归正传[例句]Theplanfelldownbecauseitprovedtobetooexpensive.这项计划因费用过高而告吹。MoreAmericantroopsweresenttoIraqtoputdowntherebellions.很多美国军队被派往伊拉克去镇压反抗。Turntheradiodown—I'mtryingtogetsomesleep.把收音机声音调小点儿—我想睡会觉。Hecan'tdoheavywork,forhehasbeenpulleddownbyhislongillness.他不能干重活，因为长期患病使得他的身体很虚弱。Theroadwasslippery,soMr.Jonessloweddownthecar.公路滑，所以琼斯先生放慢了车速。Makesureyouwritedowneverywordthespeakersays.务必记下讲话者所说的每一个单词。【考例3l(2003全国)Newsreportssaypeacetalksbe—tweenthetwocountries____withnoagreementreached.\nA.havebrokendownB.havebrokenoutC.havebrokeninD.havebrokenup[考查目标]此题主要考查break的动词短语。[答案与解析]Abreakdown失败．坏了}breakout突然发生。爆发；breakin闯入；breakup分开，分解。本句话意思是“有新闻报道说，两国间的和平谈判因没有达成一致意见而失败了”。【考点1】动词+up短语①cleanup清除，收拾干净②eatup吃光③getup起床④giveup放弃⑤growup长大，成长⑥hurryup赶快⑦locksb.up将某人监禁起来⑧lookup向上看，抬头看，好转，有气色，查寻g)makeup弥补．拼凑成⑩pickup拾起．捡起，学会。获悉，听到，见到，恢复健康⑩pullup往上拽⑩putup举起，张贴，为……提供食宿\n⑩ringup打电话⑩stayup不睡．熬夜⑩wakeup醒来．唤醒⑩openup开设，开业，开放⑩setup建立．开创．使某人有钱创业@clearup放晴[例句]ShesoonpickedupFrenchwhenshewenttoliveinFrance.她到法国居住后很快就学会了法语。Youdon'tlookupwelltoday.What'sthetrouble?你今火气色不太好，怎么了?Thesedaysmanygirlsmakeupwhentheyarestillquiteyoung.如今许多女孩还很年轻就化装。Whenhewastwenty-one,hisfathersethimupintheclothingbusiness.他21岁时，他父亲把他安顿在服装店。I'veanimportantmeetingtoattend.Besuretowakemeupatseveno'clock.我有一个重要的会议要参加，一定要在七点钟叫醒我。Nowthatitwasrainingheavily,theydecidedtoputusupforthenight.由于雨下得很大，他们决定留我们过夜。Ringmeupifyoulearnthetruth.一了解到真相就给我\n打电话。ShepromisedthechildrentheycouldstayupfortheirfavouriteTVprogramme.她答应孩子们可以晚点睡，看他们最喜爱的电视节目。【考例1】(2004上海)Tokeephealthy，ProfessorJohn—son____cyclingasaregularformofexerciseafterheretired.A.tookupB.caughtonC.carriedoutD.madefor[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的用法。[答案与解析]Atakeup开始从事；catchon继续下去、坚持下去；carryout完成、履行；makefor走向、有利于。本句话意思是“为了保持健康·教授退休后开始把骑自行车当作锻炼方式”。[牛刀小试2]句子改错，每句仅一处错误。1.Everyoneinthehospitalhopedthathegaveupafterafewdays'treatment,andshewasoptimistic.2.Therearethousanddollars,butwestillneedonethousanddollarstoeatupthesumweaskfor.3.Youmakeagoodsingerifyousetyourmindtosing—ing.\n4.--Jack,howwasitcomeaboutthatyoumadesomanymistakesinyourhomework?--Imyselfhaven'tfigureditoutyet!5.Thelifthadbrokedownyesterday.We'llhavetowalkuptotheeighthfloorthisevening.【句型归纳】【考点1】Wherethereisariver,thereisacity.凡有河流的地方。必有城市。该句中的where引导地点状语从旬，兼有条件状语从句的含义。例如：Whereiswater,thereislife.可以引导地点状语从句的有where，wherever，绝对不能用inwhich来替换；使用时，注意与定语从句中关系副词where的区别，引导定语从句的where有时可以用inwhich来替换。【考例l】(NMET1997)Afterthewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputup____therehadoncebeenatheatre．A.thatB．whereC.whichD.when[考查目标]地点状语从句。[答案与解析]B根据句子意思“战后在原来戏院的地\n方，盖了一座新的教学大楼。”需要引导地点状语从句的引导词where。【考点2】Whichonewouldyouliketoseemost?你最想去看哪一个?该句中的wouldlike表示“想，打算”。wouldlike是表示“打算，想”的常用短语，后常接名词．代词，不定式，复合宾语等。也可以写成wouldlove；而表示“想要的”feellike后接doingsth。例如：Wouldyoulikeaglassofbeer?来杯啤酒怎么样?Hefeelslikebeinginvitedtogiveallkindsoflectures.他喜欢被人邀请去作各种各样的讲座。Howwouldyoulikesth?这一句型用来“询问某人对某事物的印象或看法。”例如：--HowwouldyoulikeGuilin?--Good.Itisworthvisitingagain.你认为桂林怎么样?不错，值得再去玩一次。而“Whatbe+主语+(look)like?”则表示“主语看起来怎么样?”like是介词．意思是“像”．必须与系动词连用，才能做谓语，what为它的宾语。例如：--Whatwastheearthquakelike?地震像什么?--Itwaslikebeingonaboat.像坐在船上。【考例2】(NMET1997)1wouldlove____tothe\npartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone[考查目标]句型“wouldlovetodosth"。[答案与解析]B首先排除C、D两项；A项表示对将来的打算；wouldlove/liketohavedone表示“本来打算做某事，然而却没有做”；句子的意思是“昨天晚上我本来打算去参加聚会，然而我不得不加班完成一份报告”。【考点3】Mostofthesportsweretheslimeastheyarenow.许多项目跟现在一样。该句中as为连词，引导状语从句。例如：DoinRomeastheRomansdo.人乡随俗。as作为连词，可以引导5种从句。1.时间状语从句。例如：Astimewentby,itbecamecolderandcolder.2.原因状语从句。例如：Ashedevelopedabadcold,hedidn'tgotoschoolyesterday.3.方式状语从句。例如：DoasItellyouto.\n4.让步状语从句。例如：Childasheis,heknowsalot.5．比较状语从句。例如：ltisnotashotinBeijingasinWuhan【考例3】(NMET1990)____thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As[考查目标]状语从句。[答案与解析]D句子的意思是“随着岁月的推移，天气越来越糟”。应该选as引导时间状语从句。【考点4】InsydneytheChineseteamgot28goldmedals,rankingthirdofallthecompetingcountries.在悉尼奥运会上。中国队共获28枚金牌，在所有的参赛国中，金牌总数名列第三。该句中的ranking为v-ing形式作状语。例如：Hewentaway．Ieavingthedooropen他走了，没有关门。v-ing在句中作状语，常常表示时间、原因、伴随、方式、结果等。【考例4】(2004吉林)"Wecan’tgooutinthisweather,"saidBob,____outofthewindow.A.lookingB.tolook\nC.lookedD.havinglooked[考查目标]wing形式作状语。[答案与解析]A句子意思是“鲍勃看了看窗外，说这种天气我们不能出去”。☆句型诠释☆1.Wherethereisariver,thereisacity.有河流的地方，就有城市。在这个句子中，where引导了一个地点状语从句，意思为“有……的地方，就有……”。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。Wherethereisenoughsunlightandwater,cropsgrowwell.阳光和水充足的地方，庄稼就长得好。Gowherehetellsyoutogo.他让你到哪儿，你就到哪儿。[拓展]where引导的状语从句与定语从句的区别where引导状语从句时，其前面无先行词，where也不能换成“介词+which”。where引导定语从句时，其前面有名词做先行词，where可以换成“介词+which"。Makemarkswhereyouhaveanyquestions.(状语从\n句)Makemarksattheplaceswhereyouhaveanyquestions.(定语从句)在你有问题的地方做上标记。2.Strong,proudandunited,thepeopleofSt.PetersburgaretheinodenlheroesofRussia.坚强，骄傲，团结，圣·彼得堡的人们是俄国现代的英雄。本句中strong，proudandunited是形容词作状语，说明句子主语的特征和性质。Helpless,wewatchedthehousebeingdestroyedbythestrongwind.眼睁睁地看着房子被狂风摧毁，我们无能为力。Thethiefhidhimselfinthecorner,afraidofbeingcaught.小偷躲在角落里，担心被人捉住。dowhatonecantodosth.3.doauonecantodosth.doeverythingollecaIltodosth.doone'sbesttodosth.这几个句型结构都表示一个意思“尽某人最大努力做某事”。dowhatonecarltodosth.中的what引导\n一个宾语从句；doallonecantodosth.和doeverythingonecantodosth.中省略了定语从句的关系代词that，all和everything做先行词。在这几个句型中的不定式表目的，做目的状语。Weshoulddoeverything/wecan/whatwecan/ourbesttolearnEnglishwell.我们要竭尽全力把英语学好。[拓展]makeeverypossibleffort/marethegreatestefforttodosth.尽可能／最大努力来做某事4.I'dratherwatchitthanplayit.我愿意观看，不愿参与。(1)rather...than...常与would/had连用，意思是“宁可；宁愿”，“与其……不如……；宁愿……而不愿Heisratherwisethanhonest.与其说他诚实不如说他聪明。Iwouldratherstayathomethangoforawalk.=Iwouldstayathomeratherthangoforawalk.我宁愿呆在家里也不出去散步。(2)ratherthan而不；宁可；情愿Hepreferstochemistrymtherthanphysics.他喜欢化学而不喜欢物理。\nRatherthangobyair,I'dtaketheslowesttrain.我宁可坐最慢的火车去也不乘飞机去。[拓展]wouldmther后接动词原形，它常用于以下结构。Wouldratherdosth./notdosth./dosth.thanWouldrather有时接从句，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。一般过去时表示现在与将来的动作或状态；过去完成时表示过去的动作或状态。I'dratheryoumetherattheairporttomorrowmorning.我宁愿你明天早上到机场接她。5.EveryfouryearsathletesfromallovertheworldtakepartintheOlympicGames.每四年，来自世界各地的运动员们都要参加奥运会。(1)every和表示数量的词连用every可与表示数量的词连用，表示时间或空间。IusuallygOtomyuncle'severythreedays(=everythirdday).我通常每三天(每隔两天)去我叔叔家一次。Theylookedupandgaveasmlletoeachothereveryfewminutes.每隔几分钟他们抬起头相互笑笑。【注意】every后可接few，但不能接afew，因every-\n词包含了a之意，另外every后也不能接some,several,many等词。(2)every后接序数词时，则修饰单数可数名词。every可与other+单数可数名词连用，表示“每隔......”。Pleasewriteoneveryotherline(thirdline).请隔行写。(请隔两行写一行)Theyplantedatreeeveryothermetrealongtheroad.他们在马路边每隔一米栽一棵树。[牛刀小试3]1.MotherwasworriedbecauselittleAlicewasill,es-pecially____fatherwasawayinFrance.(NMET1994)A.asB.thatC.duringD.if2.Thefamousscientistgrewup____hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.(2002上海春招)A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.wherever3.LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.(NMET1992)A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking\n4.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage____thegirlandtookheraway,____intothewoods.(2004上海春招)A.seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing【交际速成】【考点l】GivingadviceMakingsuggestions提出意见和建议(2004年重庆)--Let'sgoandhaveagooddrinktonight．--____Haveyougotthefirstprizeinthecompeti-tion?A.Whatfor?B.Thanksalot.C.Yes,I'dliketo.D.Gladtohearthat.[答案与解析]A本题考查对提出建议的应答。根据答语的后句话可判断A项符合此时语境，意为“为什么要好好喝一杯呀?”【归纳】英语中表达提出意见和建议的用语有：①Let's...②You'dbetter...③Ithinkit'sbetter(foryou/us)to...④Isuggest(that)you(should)...\n⑤Iadviseyou(not)to...⑥Iwonderifyoushould...⑦Let's...,shallwe?⑧Maybeweeould...⑨I'd1iketo...⑩Can't/Should/Shallwe...?⑩Wouldyoulike/loveto...?⑩Haveyouconsidered...?⑩WhatshaIlwe...?⑩whynot...?⑩Whydon'tyou/we...?⑩What/Howabout...?【考点2】Talkingaboutinterestsandhobbies谈论兴趣和爱好(2003年东北三校)--IenjoyChinesefoodverymuch.--____.A.PleasetastequicklyB.Havemore．DIeaseC.HeIpyourselfD.EatslOWlywhiIeitishot[答案与解析]C本题考查谈论兴趣和爱好时的功能\n用语。A项不合语境，B、D两项属汉语应答，C项符合英语习惯。【归纳】英语中谈论兴趣和爱好时的用语有：①Whichd0youlike,...or...?②Ilike...③What'syourfavoritesport?④Whichsportdoyoulikebest?⑤Whichd0youprefer...or...?⑥Whatabout...?⑦Areyouinterestedin...?⑧Iprefer...to...应答用语有：①Shooting,Ithink．②I'dratherwatchitthanplayit.③Yes,verymuch.④No,notreally.⑤Sure.Ilovesports.．[牛刀小试4]1.--Whatabouthavingadrink?--____.A.GoodideaB.HelpyourselfC.Goahead,pleaseD.Me,too\n2.--Ladiesandgentlemen,let'sdrinktoMr.Brown'shealth.--____.A.CongratulationsB.GoodluckC.CheersD.Goodidea3.--Doyouwantteaorcoffee?--____.Ireallydon'tmind.A.BothB.NoneC.EitherD.Neither4.--Can'tyouwaitafewmoreminutes?--____.Ihavenotime.A.Yes,IcanB.No,Ican'tC.Yes,Ican'twaitD.No,Ican'tdo☆精典题例☆()1.TheForeignMinistersaid,"____"ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace."(2004北京)A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis【解析】选Dit作形式主语；that引导的从句作真正的主语。()2.Thefamousscientistgrewup____hewasborn\nandin1930hecametoShanghai.(2002上海春)A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.wherever【解析】选Cwhere在此引导一个状语从句。()3.He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation____heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.(2001上海)A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why【解析】选Awhere在此引导一个定语从句。where在引导定语从句时，必须有先行词，where在定语从句中充当状语，在此题中where表示“在……状况下”。()4.--Cantheprojectbefinishedasplanned?--Sure,____itcompletedintime,we'llworktwomorehoursaday.(2005福建)A.havinggotB.togetC.gettingD.get【解析】选B动词不定式做目的状语。()5.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone____getout.A.hadtoB.could\nC.wouldD.wasableto【解析】选DWasableto在此表示“努力并成功地做了某事”，相当于Succeededindoingsth.,managedtodosth.,could则没有这种用法。()6.Theseplantsarewatered____.(2001北京春)A.eachotherdayB.everyotherdayC.eachoftwodaysD.everyoftwodays【解析】选Beveryotherday表示“每隔一天”。()7.--Shallmegoskatingorstayathome?--Which____doyourself?A.doyouratherB.wouldyouratherC.willyouratherD.shouldyourather【解析】选Bwouldrather是固定搭配。()8.--What'sthatterriblenoise?--Theneighbors____foraparty.(2004北京)A.havepreparedB.arepreparingC.prepareD.willprepare【解析】选B本题考查动词时态的用法。第一句运用一般现在时，询问的是(现在)可怕的噪音从何而来，所以答语的时态要用现在进行时来回答。\n()9.Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethirigs____youcanfindthemagain.A.whenB.whereC.thenD.which【解析】选Bwhere引导地点状语从句。()10.Thesailorsreturnedtwentydayslater,____.A.feltill,tiredandunhappyB.ill,tiredandunhappyC.ill,tiringandunhappyD.feelingill,tired,unhappily【解析】选B形容词作伴随状语。Chapter5SBIUnits9-10☆重点句型☆1.Cellphones,ormobilephonesmakeitpossibleforustotalktoanyonefromanywhere.it作形式宾语的用法2.Idon'tdaretousethephoneinschool.dare的用法\n3.Theanswerseemstobethatwehaveaneedtostayintouchwithfriendsandfamilynomatterwhereweareorwhatwearedoing.nomatter+疑问词引导的让步状语从句4.Thecellphonehelpsherdowhatevershewantstodo.whatever引导的名词从句5.Wehumanbeingscouldnotsurvivewithoutallplantsandanimalsaroundus.表双重否定6.Wemaybeabletotakemeasuresbeforeitistoolate.before的译法7.SteveJonestriestokeepanimalsandplantsfrombecom-ingendangered.表示“阻止某人做某事”☆重点词汇☆1.agreementn.一致，协定2.absolutelyadv.绝对地，完全地3.pressvt.&vi.按，压，逼迫4.teenagern.(13--19岁的)青少年5.throughoutprep.遍及，贯穿6.addvt.增加，添加，补充说7.1atestadj.最近的，最新的8.calendarn.日历9.appointmentn.约会，指定10.behaviourn.行为，举止\n11.obeyv.服从12.emergencyn.紧急情况13.dialvt.拨号14.unexpectedadj.想不到的15.particularadj.特别的，个别的16.succeedv.成功17.forcen.&vt.力量，强制18.wondern.奇迹19.defeatvt.&n.击败，失败20.departmentn.部，局，系21.interviewvt.&n.接见，会见22.environmentaladj.环境的23.commonadj.共同的，普遍的24.valuableadj.有价值的25.reducevt.减少26.respondvi.回答，响应27.materialn.材料，原料28.attractiveadj.吸引人的29.organizevt.&vi.组织30.amountn.数量☆重点短语☆1.keep/stayintouchwith与……保持联络\n2.callfor要求，需要3.incaseof假设，万一4.accordingto根据，据……所说5.takeover接收，接管6.breakdown毁掉，坏掉7.indanger在危险中8.dieout灭绝，逐渐消失9.asaresultof作为(……的)结果10.leadto导致某种结果11.takemeasures采取措施12.adaptto适应13.makeadifference有关系，有影响14.devote...to献身于……，专心于……15.atpresent现在，目前16.setfree释放17.inthewild在自然环境下18.throwaway扔掉19.onthego忙个不停，四处奔走20.remind...of...使人想起……21.dreamof梦想22.comeupwith提出23.firstofall首先\n24.makemoney赚钱25.dependon依靠☆短语闯关☆下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词5分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?1.stayin____with与……保持联络2.call____要求，需要3.____case(of)假设；万一4.according____按照；根据……所说5.take____接收；接管6.break____毁掉，坏掉；中止7.____danger在危险中；垂危8.die____灭绝；逐渐消失9.____aresultof作为(……的)结果；由于10.lead____导致某种结果11.____measures采取措施12.adapt____适应(新环境等)13.makea____有关系；有影响14.devote____献身于……；专心于……15.present____现在；目前16.____free释放\n17.____thewild在自然环境下18.throw____扔掉；浪费19.____thego忙个不停；四处奔走；跑来跑去20.turn...inside____把……翻过来☆交际用语☆1.Ican'tagreewithyouonthispoint.2.That'sthepoint.3.Well,itdepends.4.DoesanyoneshareDavid'sopinion?5.Iabsolutelyagree.6.That'showIseeit.7.Whycan'twedrinkthewaterinourriversandlakes?Becausethewaterispolluted.8.Carsandfactoriescauseairpollution.Asaresultofairpollution,manypeoplegetsick.9.Peoplegetsickbecauseofairpollution.Itfollowsthatwemustdosomethingaboutit.☆单词聚焦☆1.adaptvt.使适应；使配合(1)adapt+n.+to+n.使……适应，使……适合Hecouldnotadapthiswayoflifetotheschool.他的生活方式无法适应学校的要求。\n(2)adapt(oneself)to适应……Shequicklyadaptedtonewcircumstances.她能够很快地适应新环境。/Isuggestedheshouldadapthimselftohisnewconditions.我建议他应该调整自己，以适应新的环境。2.addvt.&vi.增加，加入，补充说Iftheteaistoostrong,addsomemorewater.如果茶太浓，再加些水。/Manywordshavebeenaddedtothiseditionofthedictionary。这一版字典增加了很多词。/Thebadweatheronlyaddedtoourdifficulties.恶劣的天气只会增添我们的困难。/"AndIhopeyouwillrealizeitoneday."headded.他接着说：“我希耀你总有一天会明白这一点。”/Ishouldliketoaddthatwearepleasedwiththeresult.我想补充一句，我们对这个成果感到高兴。[短语]add...to...在……中加上……addto增加，增添addup加起来addupto总计，总共有……Yourcarelessnessaddedtoourdifficulty.你的粗心增加了我们的困难。/Themoneyhespentaddeduptonomorethan￡1,000.他花的钱总计1000英镑。3.add的用法▲构词：①additionn.加，加起来，增加物，增加，加法②additionaladj.外加的，附加的，另加的\n▲搭配：①addsthin算人；包括②addAtoB把A加到B上，往A里添加B③addto增加，加到④inaddition加上，又，另外⑤inadditionto加上，除……外，又⑥addsthup把……加起来，总计⑦addup(to…)总计共达；表示，等于说。意味着；总而言之【考例】Thepresidenttalkedwiththeofficialforalongtime,____thathestilltrustedhim.A.addedB.addingC.addingupD.addingupto[考查目标]本题考查add及其构成短语的意思。[答案与解析]Badding的意思是“补充(说)”。addupto意思是“加起来等于”。4.amountn.量，常与不可数名词连用“theamountof+不可数名词”表示“……的量”。[提醒]“alargeamountof+不可数名词”后跟单数谓语“largeamountsof+不可数名词”后跟复数谓语Thereisalargeamountof/arelargeamountsofcoaltobesentthere.大量的煤要运往那儿。\n[比较]number也意为“量”，但它指可数的事物的“数目，数量”。thenumberof……的数目/numbersof/anumberof大量的后跟复数名词5.case的用法▲搭配：①asisoftenthecase这是常有的事②asthecasestands在目前的情况下，就现有的情况而论③inthis/thatcase如果是这样／那样的话④inanycase无论如何，总之⑤incase(that)-clause假使。如果，万一⑥incaseof万一……，如果发生……⑦(just)incase以防(万一)⑧inmostcases在大多数情况下【考例】(2005广东)You'dbettertakesomethingtoreadwhenyougotoseethedoctor____youhavetowait.A.evenifB.asifC.incaseD.inorderthat[考查目标]考查case构成的短语的用法。[答案与解析]C句意：“当你去看医生的时候最好带点东西读以防等待”。incase意为“万一”；evenif意为“即使”；asif，意为“好像”；inorderthat意为“为了……”。就高考而言，除了incase之外，意为“以防万一”的引导词还应掌握-，forfearthat和lest。6.defeat的用法\n▲构词：defeatistn.失败主义者▲搭配：sufferadefeat战败；遭受挫败▲辨析：defeat；beat；conquer这组动词的一般含义是“打败”。defeat的含义是“打败”，但被打败者不一定服输。例如：ThepublicbetalotofmoneyonMendoza,buthewasdefeated.公众为门杜萨下了一大笔赌注，但是他被击败了。beat则表示彻底“打败”，而且被打败者完全服输了。例如：Itwasnotuntilhisthirdmatchin1790thathefinallybeatHumphriesandbecomeChampionofEngland.直到1790年第三次比赛时，他才最后打败汉弗莱斯，而成为英国的冠军。conquer更可强调“把对方征服”，而且被征服者或被征服的国家为征服者所有，可以任意支配，特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制。例如：Somecountriesmaybedefeatedbutcanneverbeconquered.有的国家可能被打败，但决不能被征服。【考例】--Who____theteamfromNo.2Middleschool?--I'mnotsure.Perhapstheteamfromthenearbycounty.A.defeatedB.wonC.beatD.gained[考查目标]本题考查defeat的常见用法。[答案与解析]Adefeat意思是“打败”，后面跟的是表示“人”或“组织”的名词或代词。7.depend的用法▲搭配：\n①Thatdepends.要看情况而定。②It(all)depends.要看情况而定。③dependon/upon依靠；由……而定．取决于；从属于；依赖其维持【考例】[2004江苏]--Howlongareyoustaying?--Idon'tknow.____.A.That'sOKB.NevermindC.ItdependsD.Itdoesn'tmatter[考查目标]考查depend在交际场合的用法。[答案与解析]Citdepends意思是“看情况。不能确定”。8.devotevt.投入于；献身devoted忠实的；献身……的；专用的devoteone'stime/life/energy/oneselfto(doing)sth.致力于……；献身于……=bedevotedto...致力于……；献身于……；忠实于……Afterthat,hedevotedhisentireenergytothesestudies.从那以后，他全力以赴从事这些研究工作。/Heisverydevotedtohiswife.他很忠实于他的妻子。9.devote的用法▲构词：①devotionn.献身；奉献；忠诚；热心，专心②devotedadj.忠诚的；挚爱的；喜欢的\n③devotedlyadv.忠实地，一心一意地▲搭配：①devote...to把……献给；把……专用于②devoteoneselfto致力于，献身于；专心于③bedevotedto专心于，忠于▲友情提示：各搭配中to均为介词。【考例】[2004全国卷IV]Firstofall,Irespectedhis____toteaching.A.attentionB.introductionC.relationD.devotion[考查目标]本题考查devote派生词的词义和用法。[答案与解析]Ddevote的名词形式是devotion，也应该和介词to搭配。10.forcen.[U][C]力量，势力，暴力vt.强迫，促使，强制Hedidn'tusemuchforce.他没怎么用力。/Theyrefusedtobowbeforeforce.他们拒绝向暴力低头。/Theyhavecometoknowtheforcesofnature.他们终于知道了大自然的力量。[注意]theforces可表示“军队，兵力”。[拓展]forcesb.todosth.；forcesb.intodoingsth.；forcesb./sth.+形容词/副词/介词短语Iwasforcedtoleave.我被迫离开。(=into\nleaving)/Thestrongmanforcedhimselfintotheemptyroom.那个身体强壮的男子强行进入了那个宅房间。[短语]byforce靠武力，强行beinforce生效come/gointoforce生效putin/intoforce使生效forceone'sway强行前进或进入11.hurry的用法▲构词：①hurriedadj.匆忙的②hurriedlyadv.仓促地．慌忙地▲搭配：①inahurry匆忙地②innohurry不忙，有充分的时间；不急于③nohurry不忙．不必着急，有充裕的时间④hurryup快点，赶紧做；催促(快点)▲辨析：hurry;haste;speed均含“动作上的快速”的意思。hurry指“动作不轻松、不自然的快，有时表示不必要的快”，并且常有“忙乱仓促”的意思。例如：Inherhurrysheforgottoleaveheraddress.在匆忙中，她忘了留下地址。haste着重“想办法赶快”的意思，并常表示“匆忙的动作。有时动作过分仓促而不能得到预期的结果”。例如：Allhishastewasofnouse.他白忙了。/Hastemakeswaste.欲速则不达。\nspeed指“人(物)快捷(速)的动作”。例如：Itisdangeroustocorneratspeed.高速转弯是危险的。【考例】[2004湖南]Whenlthere____Iapologizedforbeinglate,andtoldhimI'dcomeasquicklyasIcould,...A.wentB.ranC.walkedD.hurried[考查目标]考查几个与“走”有关的近义词的区别。[答案与解析]D从上下文看，当时，是”匆忙”的。12.lie的用法▲构词：liarn.说谎者▲搭配：①liedown躺下；磨洋工；停止战斗②liein在于；位于③tellalie=telllies撒谎【考例】[2002北京]Iwould____verystillsothatthe"enemy"wouldnotdiscoverme.A.layB.hideC.restD.lie[考查目标]本题考查lie，lay等几个相近词的区别。[答案与解析]Dlie是动词原形，意思是“躺”或“撒谎”。在本句中是“躺”的意思。13.measure的用法▲搭配：①makesthtosb'smeasure按某人的尺寸制作某物\n②takemeasures采取措施③beyond/abovemeasure无法估量地；无限的，极度地，非常，极为【考例】[2004天津]Irealizedstrengthandcouragearen'talways____inmedalsandvictories,butinthestruggleweovercome.A.measuredB.praisedC.testedD.increased[考查目标]本题考查measure的意思。[答案与解析]Ameasure的基本词义是“衡量，量”。14.pressvt.&vi.按，压，夹n.压力，印刷机，新闻界Pressthisbuttontostarttheengine.按下这个按钮启动发动机。/Myshoespressesmytoe.我的鞋挤脚趾。/Thepowerofthepressisverygreat.舆论的力量是巨大的。[拓展]pressuren.劳累，紧张；pressingadj.紧迫的，恳切的[短语]bepressedfortime/money缺时间／钱；presson加紧赶路，奋力前进；inthepress正在印刷15.reducevt.&vi减少，缩减，减化reduceprices降低价格reduceairpollution减少空气污染reduceone'sweight减肥reducenoise减少噪音[注意]reduce作不及物动词时，仅作“减肥”讲。Imustreducetogetintothatdress.我必须减肥才能穿上那条裙子。\n[拓展]reduce...to使……陷入不良状况；把……归纳成；把……降职为(to为介词)Hewasreducedtobeggingforfood.他沦落到讨饭的地步。[短语]order使……恢复秩序；整理reduce...tosilence使安静，使沉默下来tears使哭了起来16.remind(1)vt.提醒①remindsb.of/aboutsth.提醒某人某物；提醒某人注意某事Besuretoremindherofthemeetingshehastoattend.务必提醒她要参加那次会议。②remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事Pleaseremindmetoposttheletter.请提醒我寄那封信。③remindsb.that-clause提醒某人……SheremindedmethatIhadn'twrittentomother.她提醒了我，我还没给妈妈写信。(2)vt.使(人)想起，使记起①remindsb.ofsb./sth.使……想到某人或某物Heremindsmeofhisfather.看到他使我想起他的父亲。②remindsb.that-clause使人回忆起……ThesightoftheclockremindedmethatIwaslate.看到钟使我想起我已经晚了。【考例】[2000上海春招]whatyousaidjustnow____meofthatAmericanprofessor.\nA.mentionedB.informedC.remindedD.memorized[考查目标]remind基本用法。[答案与解析]Cremind表示“提醒；让……想起”。17.wonderv.惊奇，惊叹，对……感到惊奇，想知道[C]奇迹，奇观奇事Iwonderedthathecouldn'tanswersuchaneasyquestion.他竟然回答不出这样简单的问题，真让我感到奇怪。/Idon'twonderatherrefusingtomarryhim.她拒绝嫁给他，对此我一点也不奇怪。/ItisreallyawonderthathecanrecoverfromtheSARS.他能从非典型性肺炎中康复真是一个奇迹。▲构词：wonderfuladj.令人惊奇的．奇妙的，极好的，令人愉快的▲搭配：①whatawonder!多么令人惊异!真想不到!②Itisawonderthat...奇怪的是……③(It's)no/little/smallwonder(that…)难怪…，…并不奇怪It'snowonderthatyouaresohappy.难怪你这么高兴。④do/perform/workwonders创造奇迹，取得惊人成就【考例】(2005湖北)Hehasn'tsleptatallforthreedays.____heistiredout.A.ThereisnopointB.ThereisnoneedC.ItisnowonderD.Itisnoway[考查目标]考查wonder的词义。\n[答案与解析]C“他已经三天没有睡觉了，现在筋疲力尽也不足为奇。”根据句意，答案选C。nowonder表示“不足为奇的”；nopoint表示“没有意义”；noneed表示“没有……的必要”；noway表示“决不”。[牛刀小试1]用所给单词的适当形式填空：(lie,remind,case,depend,add,measure,hurry)1.TheSmithssaidtheywouldtake____torepairthewindowsbythemselves.2.There'splentyoftimeleft;No____.3.Thepolicemenrushedintothebedroom,onlytofindthecouple____onthebed,dead.4.--WouldyouliketogoswimmingwithJackandJim?--That____.5.Theheavystorm____toourtroubleinthelongmarching,besidesweweretootired.6.WhenIcouldn'tremembertheexactwords,mybrother____meofthem.7.Iknowthere'snoneedtotakesomuchmoneywithme,butstillIwanttobringsomein____.☆短语归类☆1.含as的短语\n①asusual像平常一样②asif/asthough好像③aslongas长达……；只要④assoonaspossible尽可能早地，尽快⑤aswell也，又，同样地⑥asoftenas每次．每当⑦asa/theresultof作为……的结果⑧aswellas也，还，和……一样好⑨assoonas一……就……．和……一样快⑩asfaras和……一样远，就……，尽……⑪may/mightaswell不妨⑫asaresult结果，因此[例句]Asifunsureofwhereshewas,shehesitatedandlookedaround.她仿佛茫然不知身在何处，犹犹豫豫向四周张望。/Aslongasitdoesn'traintomorrow,we'llgofishing.只要明天不下雨，我们就去钓鱼。/Theflightwasdelayedastheresultoffog.因为有雾该航班误点。/Sheisatalentedmusicianaswellasbeingaphotographer.她不但是摄影师还是个天才音乐家。/Hisparentssupportedhimasfarastheycould.他父母竭尽全力抚养他。/AsoftenasItriedtophonehim,thelinewasengaged.每次我给他打电话都占线。【考例】(2003北京)____Iknowthemoneyissafe,Ishallnotworryaboutit.\nA.EventhoughB.UnlessC.AslongasD.While[考查目标]此题主要考查四个单词或短语的意思及用法。[答案与解析]Ceventhough/if即使；unless如果不；aslongas只要；while当……时候。本句话意思是“只有我知道这些钱是安全的，我就不担心了”。【考例】(2005湖南)ThemoreIthinkabouthim,themorereasonsIfindforlovinghim____Idid.A.asmuchasB.aslongasC.assoonasD.asfaras[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的意思及用法。[答案与解析]AA项asmuchas(和……一样多)符合题意：“我越想他就越发现有更多的理由让我像从前一样地爱他。”2.atpresent目前；presently副词，相当于soon，意思是“不久”；forthepresent眼下，暂时(=forthemoment)。Atpresent,heisonholiday.目前，他在度假。/Iwillfinishtheworkpresently.我就要完成这个工作。/Heisbusywritingabookforthepresent.他眼下正忙于写书。另外，bepresentat到场，出席，反义词beabsentfrom缺席；present还作后置定语，意思是“到场的，在座的”；present用作名词“礼物，赠品”。Allbutonewerepresentatthemeetinglastnight.除了一人外，大家都出席了昨天晚上的会\n议。Presentatthemeetingweretheleadingmembersofthedepartmentsconcerned.有关部门的负责人出席了会议。11.comeupwith提出，找到(答案)；赶上Hecameupwithanewsuggestion.他提出一项新建议。Let'sgoslowlysothattheothersmaycomeupwith咱们慢慢走，好让其他人赶上来。[注意]comeup意为“被提出”，主语是物。Somepracticalsuggestionscameupatthemeeting.会上提出了一些可行性建议。3.dieout绝种，灭种Elephantswoulddieoutsoonifmenwereallowedtoshootasmanyastheywish.如果允许人们随心所欲地射杀大象，那么它们不久就会灭绝。[拓展]dieout还可表示“熄灭；(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失”。Manyoldcustomsaredyingout.许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。[链接]dieoff一个个死掉(或枯死)/dieaway渐消；平息/diedown平息；变弱/diefor急切想要/diefrom因……致死，死于(外因)/dieof死于(内因)4.含“in+名词”构成的短语①infact事实上②incase(of)假使，以防，万一③insurprise惊讶地，惊奇地，吃惊地\n④ingeneral一般，大体上⑤intotal总共⑥inall总共⑦infuture从今以后⑧inparticular尤其，特别是⑨introuble处于困境⑩intime及时，总有一天⑪inahurry匆忙地⑫infrontof在……前面⑬intheopenair在户外，在野外⑭infront前方，正对面⑮inthefuture将来⑯intheend最后⑰intheday在白天⑱indanger在危险中，垂危⑲inthewild在自然环境中⑳inruins成为废墟，遭到严重破坏⑳inaword总之[例句]Noonebelievedit,butinfact,Marydidwintheprize.没有人相信，但的确玛丽获奖了。/Doyouthinkwecangetthereintimeforthefirstact?你认为我们能赶上看第一幕吗?/Whenhewasintrouble,healwaysturnedtomeforhelp.他有困难时。总是向我求助\n。/Incommonwithmanypeople,heprefersclassicalmusictopop.和许多人一样，他喜欢古典音乐胜过流行音乐。/Ifyoukeepondoingso,youwillregretintime.如果你总是这样做，总有一天你会后悔的。/Ingeneral,herworkhasbeengood,buthisessayisdreadful.总的说来，她的作品不错，不过他的文章糟透了。/Thewholemealwasgoodbutthewineinparticularwasexcellent.整顿饭都很好，尤其是葡萄酒更好。/IncasehearrivesbeforeIgetback,pleaseaskhimtowait.万一他在我回来前到达，请让他等我。【考例】(NMET2000)Idon'tthinkI'llneedanymoneybutIwillbringsome____.A.atlastB.incaseC.onceagainD.intime[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的用法。[答案与解析]Batlast终于，最后；onceagain再次；intime及时，总有一天；incase万一。本句话意思是“我认为我们不需要钱，但是为预防万一，我还是要带点”。5.incaseof是介词短语，意为“在(有坏事的)情况下”，“万一发生……”。①Incaseoffire,phonethepolice.万一发生火灾，就给警察打电话。②Thematchwillbeputoffincaseofrain.万一下雨，比赛就延期。[拓展]incase单独使用时，可用作状语，也可引起从句，意为“以免，以防”。③Takeataxiincaseyouarelateforthe\nmeeting.坐出租车吧，以防开会迟到。④I'llkeepsomeoftheseunusedincase.这些不用的东西我要留一些，以防万一。[注意]incase引起的从句表示条件，所以从句中不用将来时态，但可用should，might。⑤Takeyourraincoatincaseitshouldrain.带上雨衣以防下雨。[相关短语]innocase决不(置于句首，句子用倒装)/inanycase无论如何，不管怎样/inthatcase如果那样⑥Innocaseshouldyougiveup.你绝不应该放弃。/⑦Inanycase,doitbetter.无论如何，要尽力而为。/⑧Inthatcasehewouldhavetelephonedtherestaurant.那样的话他本来会给餐馆打电话的。[提示]case可表达多种意义：⑨Thatisn'tthecasewithPeter.彼得的情况并不如此。(情况，情形)⑩Theworstcaseshavebeensenttohospital.情况最严重的患者已被送往医院。(患者，病人)⑪Thecasewillbetriedinthecourtnextweek.下周要审这个案子。(案情，案例)6.indanger在危险中[短语]indangerof有……的危险outofdanger脱离危险fullofdanger充满危险的adangertosociety社会的危险人物／事物[拓展]dangerous危险的，指给别人造成危险\nTheboyisseriouslyiIlandhislifeisindanger.那个男孩病得很重，生命垂危。Hehasbeenveryill.Thedoctorsaysthatheisnowoutofdanger.他一直病得很厉害，医生说他现在已脱离了危险。7.makeadifference造成差别，有影响makeabigdifference=makemuchdifference造成很大差别makeno/littledifference没有差别makesome/anydifference有些差别Whowillwinmakesnodifferencetome.谁将获胜对于我来说没什么两样。=Itmakesnodifferencetomewhowillwin./Doesitmakeanydifferencewhetherhewillcome?他来不来会有差别吗?8.stayintouchwith=keepintouchwith与……保持联系(状态)Thesalesmanstays/keepsintouchwiththeofficebyphone.推销员通过电话与办公室保持联系。[短语]beintouchwith和…有联系(状态)；getintouchwith和…取得联系(动作)；losetouchwith和…失去联系(动作)；beoutoftouchwith和…失去联系(状态)9.takemeasures(1)measure①名词“措施，办法”，takemeasurestodosomething采取措施做某事；②名词“最度，尺寸”makeclothestoone'sownmeasure根据某人的尺寸做衣服；名词“计量单位”。Wemusttakenecessarymeasurestosolvetheseproblemsonebyone.我们必须采取必要的措施逐个解决这些问题。/Iwenttothetailor'stomakeasuittomy\nownmeasurelastweek.上周我去裁缝店量体做一套衣服。/Ameterisameasureoflength.米是长度单位。(2)measure既可以用作及物动词也可以用作不及物动词，意思是“量，测量”。Mymotherismeasuringmeforclothes.我妈妈在给我量尺寸做衣服。/Itmeasureseasilyifspreadonthetable.要是把它铺在桌子上，量起来可更容易些。[注意]表示“采取措施做某事”还可以用dosomething/thingstodosomething。WemustdosomethingtopreventSARS.我们必须采取措施预防非典型性肺炎。/Haveyoudoneanythingtodealwiththatproblem?你采取措施解决那个问题了吗?10.含介词to的短语(1)accordingto根据……所说(2)adaptto适应(3)cometooneself苏醒，恢复知觉(4)devote...to献身于……，专心于……(5)getto到达(6)givebirthto生(孩子)(7)leadto通向，导致(8)listento听(9)makeone'swayto...往……走(10)makeacontributionto贡献给，捐赠(11)onone'swayto在……途中\n(12)owe...to...把……归功于……(13)pointto指向……(14)prefer...to...喜欢……胜似……；宁愿干……而不愿千……(15)toone'ssurprise令(某人)惊讶(16)saygoodbyeto告别，告辞(17)thanksto由于，多亏(18)getdownto着手(19)belongto属于(20)payattentionto注意(21)stickto坚持(22)objectto反对(23)beopposedto反对(24)referto参阅，涉及[例句]Everyoneshouldmakeacontributiontoacharitycollection.每个人都应该给慈善事业捐赠。/AtfirstIcouldn'tseeanythingwhenlsteppedoutoftheroom，butmyeyesadaptedtothedarkbitbybit.我刚走出房间时，起初什么也看不到，但是慢慢地我的眼睛适应了漆黑的环境。/Thankstothearrivalofthepolice,themurdererwascaught.由于警察的赶到凶手才被捉住。/WeoweourgreatachievementstothecorrectleadershipoftheParty.我们把取得的伟大成就归功于党的正确领导。/AfterIgraduatedfromuniversity,l\ncontinuedtodevotemyselftoresearch.我大学毕业后继续进行研究。/Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestoftenleadstoillness.劳动量大且休息得很少经常导致疾病。【考例】(2004湖北)Onceadecisionhasbeenmade,allofusshould____it.A.directtoB.sticktoC.leadtoD.referto[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的用法。[答案与解析]Bdirectto指引，指导；stickto坚持；leadto通向，导致；referto提到，谈到，参考。本句话意思是“一旦做出决定，就应该坚持”。【考例】(2005浙江)Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhourwithout____hisnotes.A.bringingupB.referringtoC.lookingforD.tryingon[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的意思及用法。[答案与解析]Breferto意为“参照，提到”；bringup意为“抚养，养育”；lookfor意为“寻找”；tryon意为“试穿”。题意“主席在商务会议上做了将近一小时的发言没有看稿。”[牛刀小试2]句子改错，每句仅一处错误。1.Ingenerally,mostteenagersnowlistentorockmusic.However,Jonahprefersclassicalmusic.\n2.IsupposeRobertisfitthejobincasehecanputhismindtoit.3.Eattoomuchfatcanleadtoheartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.4.Hehasdevotedhiswholelifetobenefitmankind.5.Tom'sinterestsincludebasketball,bowling,andsurfingtheWebasgoodasstudyinghisfavorablesubjects.☆词语比较☆1.spend,cost,take,pay,payfor(1)spend的主语必须是“人”，宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等，其后用on+名词或用in(可省略)+动名词形式，不接不定式。Hespendsmuchmoneyonbooks.他平时将很多钱用在买书上。/Hespentalotofmoney(in)buyinganewcar.他花很多钱买一辆新车。(2)cost的主语必须是“物”或“事”，表示“费用”、“耗费”，后接life，money，health，time等，侧重于“花费”的代价。Thebookcosthimonedollar.这本书用了他一美元。/Makingexperimentslikethiscostsmuchtimeandlabor.做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。[注意]cost后不能与具体的时间长度连用，只能与表示抽象概念的时间短语连用。如：sometime,muchtime,tenyearsofhardwork等。可说Itcosthimtenyearsofwork.不可说Itcosthimtenyearstowork.(3)take表示“花费”时，其主语一般是“一件事”，有时主语也可以是人，它说明事情完成“花费了……”。Ittookmetenminutestogo\ntothepostoffice.到邮局用去了我十分钟时间。/Theproducertooktwoyearstomakethefilm.制片商用了两年时间拍这部新影片。[说明]take...todosth.句型侧重完成该动作花费的时间，而spend...doingsth.有时并不说明动作的完成。Ittookhimanhourtoreadthebook.他用一小时读完了这本书。/Hespentanhour(in)readingthebook.他用了一小时读这本书。(是否读完并未说明)(4)pay的基本意思是“支付”，作为及物动词，宾语可以是“人”、“钱”。Hepaidthetaxiandhurriedtothestation.他付了出租车的钱，急忙向车站赶去。We'llpayyouinafewdays.几天后我们会给你钱。(5)payfor的宾语为“物”、“事”，for表示支付的原因。You'llhavetopaymetendollarsaweekforyourmeals.你得每周付给我十美元饭钱。[注意](1)下面两句中payfor的意义不同。Ofcoursewehavetopayforwhatwebuy.当然我们买东西得付钱。Don'tworryaboutmoney.I'llpayforyou.别担心钱，我会替你付的。(2)paythebill付账；paytaxes纳税；paywages发工资以上pay后不能加for2.agreewith,agreeto,agreeon\n(1)①agreewith的意思是“同意”，“赞成”。后面常接表示人或意见(看法)的名词或代词作宾语。Doessheagreewithus?她同意我们的意见吗?②agreewith还有“与……一致”，“(气候、食物等)适合”的意思。Hiswordsdonotagreewithhisactions.他言行不一致。Toomuchmeatdoesn'tagreewithher.吃太多肉食对她身体不合适。[注意]agreewith不能用于被动语态。(2)agreeto意为“同意”，“赞成”，后面跟表示“提议”，“办法”，“计划”，“安排”等的名词或代词。Pleaseagreetothisarrangement.请同意这个安排。(3)agreeon表示“对……取得一致意见”，指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或是达成了某种协议。Afterdiscussionthetwosidesagreedonacease-fire.经过讨论，双方就停火问题达成了协议。3.common,ordinary,usual,normal(1)①common“常见的，普遍的”(即“司空见惯的”意思)commonnames常见的名字；commonmistakes常犯的错误；commonsense常识；commonevent普通(平凡)的事件；commonuse普遍用法②common还有“共同的”意思。commoninterest共同的兴趣；commonlanguage共同语言；commonmarket共同市场；commonpurpose共同目标\n[短语]havemuch/alotincommon有很多共同之处havenothing/littleincommon没有共同之处(2)ordinary普通的，平凡的(强调“平淡无奇”)anordinaryworker一个普通工人；ordinary-looking相貌平常的(3)usual通常的，惯常的(强调“遵循常例”)Itisausualthingwithhim.这件事他习以为常。[短语]asusual像往常一样；itisusualforsb.todosth.(4)normal正常的，正规的(即“合乎标准”)normaltemperature正常体温；normalstate正常状态[短语]above/belownormal标准以上(以下)，returntonormal恢复正常4.inaway,intheway,bytheway,bywayof(1)inaway意为“在某种程度上”，相当于inoneway,insomeway。Thereformsareanimprovementinaway.这些变革从某种意义上说是一种进步。(2)intheway挡路Abigstoneisintheway.Moveitaway,please.一块大石头挡在路上，请把它搬开。(3)bytheway顺便问一下，在途中Theystoppedforarestbytheway.他们途中停下来休息一下。\nBytheway,couldyoushowmethewaytothestation?顺便问一下，你能指给我去车站的路吗?(4)bywayof途经，路经(某处)；作为，当作HeistravellingtoShenzhenbywayofBeijng.他经北京去深圳。Let'sgototherestaurantforsupperbywayofachange.我们今天去饭店吃晚饭，换一下rJ味。5.firstofall，aboveall，first，atfirst(1)firstofall“首先，第一”，指按照时问顺序处于第一位的。(强调顺序)Firstofall,wemustcheckthenumber．首先，我们要核对一下数目。Firstofall,letmesayhowgladIamtobehere.首先我要说，米到这里我是多么高兴。，(2)aboveall“首先，最重要的足”，相当于mostimportantofall。(强调重要性)Wemustworkhard,andaboveallwemustbelievethateachofusisabletodosomethingwell.我们必须努力工作，尤其重要的是我们必须相信，我们每个人都能做好一些事情。\n(3)first“首先”，是从动作的先后角度来考虑的。Beforewego，Imustfirstchangemyclothes.在走之前我得先换衣服。(4)atfirst“起初”，相当于atthebeginning，含有后来不这样了的意思。AtfirstIdidn'tlikeher,butnowIdo.起初我不喜欢她，但现在我喜欢了。6.hurt，harm，wound，injure(I)hurt“伤害，受伤”，主要用于有生命的东西，多指肉体方面的伤害，常伴有痛感。作借喻时常指对精神或感情方碰的伤害。hurt作不及物动词时表示“疼痛”。Hefelloffthebikeandhurthisarm.他从自行车上跌下来伤了手臂。(2)harm“损害，伤害”，指使有生命或无生命的东西不再完整、美丽，或像原来那样有价值。She'safraidthatintheirfighthewouldharmthechild.她怕他们在打架时他会伤到孩子。(3)wound“受害，受伤”，指受袭击或暴力时所受的伤，如刀伤，枪伤，也可以借喻为精神或感情上的创伤。\nThebulletwoundedhimintheleg.子弹打伤了他的腿。Hefeltwoundedinhishonor.他觉得他的荣誉受到了伤害。(4)injure2伤害，损害”，意义较广，着承指偶然事故对人或物的容貌、内部器官、生理机能的“损害”。Johnfelldownfromthetreeandinjuredhisback.约翰从树上摔下来把背部摔伤lr。IhopeIdidn’tinjureherfeelings.我希望没有伤害她的感情。【句型归纳】【考点1】WangMeiisoneofmanyChineseteenagerswholivelife"onthego"andusecellphones.跟许多中国青少年一样，王梅使用手机享受着“移动人生”。例如：ThisisoneoftheexcitingmatchesthatIhaveev—erseen.注意：“oneof+名词单数”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“the(only/very)oneof+the+名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用单数。【考例1】(2002上海)Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____awumerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.are\nC.havebeenD.hasbeen[考查目标]主谓一致。[答案与解析]D根据以上解释，排除B、C两项；根据forthreeyears，排除A项。【考点2】Havingacellphonealsomakesusfeelsafer,sincewecancallforhelpincaseofanemergency.有了手机，我们会感到更安全，因为遇到紧急情况，我们可以随时求救。该句中incase引导状语从句。例如：Takeanumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.带上雨伞，以防下雨。incase表示“一旦；万一；以防”，后接从句；incaseof后接名词；而incase后接从句，该句在特定的语境中可以省略。例如：Takeanumbrellawithyouincaseofrain.带上雨伞，以防下雨。【考例2】(2000京、皖春招)Johnmayphonetonight,Idon'twanttogoout____hephones.A.aslongasB.inorderthatC.incaseD.sothat[考查目标]状语从句的连接词。[答案与解析]CB项引导状语从句，表示目的；D项\n引导状语从句。可以表示目的也可以表示结果；A项引导状语从句，意思是“只要……就……”；C项incase表示“以防，万一”与上下文吻合。【考点3】Theanswerseemstobethatwehaveaneedtostayintouchwithfriendsandfamilynomatterwhereweareorwhatwearedoing.答案似乎是：无论我们在何处或正在干什么，我们都需要与朋友、家人一直保持联系。该句中的“nomatter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句。例如：Nomatterhowcleveryouare。youmustworkhard．引导让步状语从句的"nomatter+疑问词”常常可以与“疑问词+ever"互换。课文中的句子可以换成“Wher—everweareorwhateverwearedoing.”例如：Whereverhewent,hereceivedawarmwelcome.无论他走到哪儿，都受到热烈欢迎。【考例3】(2004湖北)Youshouldtrytogetagoodnight'ssleep____muchworkyouhavetodo.A.however15.nomatterC.althoughD.whatever[考查目标]让步状语从句的连接词。[答案与解析]A根据句子意思“不管你有多少工作要做。也得好好睡一晚上觉”。\n【考点4】...anddoeverythingQ12tellsthemto.惟Q12的命令是从。该句中to为动词不定式省略。例如：Herparentshopedshewouldstudychemistry,butshedidn'twantto.动词不定式作宾语或宾语补足语，如果是第二次出现，为了避免重复使用．常常省略动词，保留to。例如：--Wouldyoulovetoseethefilnlwithmetonight?--I'dliketo,butIhavetodomyhomework.【考例4】(2000上海)--Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.--Imeant____,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn'tfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingit[考查目标]动词不定式省略。[答案与解析]Bmean作为“打算”讲，后接动词不定式，排除C、D两项；再依据以上解释，排除A项。☆句型诠释☆1.Theanswerseemstobethatwehaveaneedtostayintouchwithfriendsandfamilynomatterwhereweareorwhatwealedoing.\n答案似乎是，无论我们身在何处或者正在做什么，我们都需要跟家人和朋友保持联系。nomatter的用法nomatter是连词词组，作“无论，不管”解，常用于引导表示让步的状语从句，常用于下列句型中：①Nomatterwhal(who,when,how,where等)...+句子。(=whatever,whoever,whenever...+句子)Nomatterhowproudhewas,hewasafraidtofaceme.无沦他多么傲慢，他还是怕面对我。Nomatterwhetheryouhavetimeornot,youmustgothere.无沦是否有时间，你都得去那儿。②在“nomatter+特殊疑问词”引导的让步状讲从句中，要用一般式表示将来发生的动作。Nomatterbowhardheworks,hewillnevercalebupwithher.无论他如何努力工作，他从没赶上她。③“Nomatter+特殊疑问词”结构引导的从句，可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。Don'topenthedoor,nomatterwhoknocksit.(=Nomatterwhoknocksthedoor,don'topenit)\n不管是淮敲门，都小要开门。Nomatterwhoseboxitit,itwillbekeptuntiltheownerreturns.(=Itwillbekeptuntiltheownerreturns,nomatterwhoseboxitis.)无论是谁的箱子，都得保存到物主回米。2.Thecellphonehelpsherdowhatevershewantstodo.手机帮助她做她想要做的事。(1)whatever引导名词性从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。Whateverhedidwasright.凡是他做的都是正确的。I'llsendwhateverisneeded.需要什么我就送什么。【比较】whatever和what引导名词性从句的区别。whatever相当于anythingthat，语气很强，侧重泛指。what相当于allthat，everythingthat,thething(s)that,侧重特指。Whathesaidwasright.他说的话是正确的。(2)whatever等于nomatterwhat引导让步状语从句，意为“不管……”。WhateverWilsonsays,I'llposttheletter.\n=NomatterwhatWilsonsavs,I'llposttheletter.不管威尔逊说什么，我都要寄走那封信。[链接]however=nomatterhow无论怎样whenever=nomatterwhen无论何时whoever①=nomatterwho无论准②引导名词性从句，等于anyonewho3.Wehumanbeingscouldnotsurvivewithoutalltheplantsandanimalsaroundus.如果没有周围这些动物和植物，我们人类就不会生存下来。句中，cannot…without足双重否定表示肯定。YoucannotlearnChinesewellwithoutmakinggreateffort.只有努力，你才能学好汉语。Onecannotmakebrickswithoutstraw.巧妇难为无米之炊。Therewillbenorainwithoutwind.没有风哪有雨。4.Wemaybeabletotakemeasuresbeforeitistoolate.现在采取措施也许为时不晚。从属连词before最基本的含义足“在……之前”，但\n在具体的句子中，译法多种多样，如“……才……”“……就……”“没等……就”等等。HemeasuredmebeforeIcouldgetinaword.没等我插上一句话他就给我量好了尺寸。Iwaitedalongtimebeforehecame.我等了很久他才来。5.SteveJonestriestokeepanimalsandplantsfrombecomingendangered.斯蒂夫·琼斯致力于保护动植物免遭濒危。keep…fromdoingsth.“阻止……做某事”PleasekeeDthechildrenfromswimminginthesea.请别让孩子们到海里游泳。[联想]stop/prevent...from...为keep...from...的同义词组，但前者的from可以省去，而后者中的from却不可省(如若省去from，则成为keepsb.doingsth.“使某人一直做某事”)。Nothingcanpreventher(from)doingso.什么也不能阻止她这样做。[注意]在被动语态中。三个短语中的from皆不可以省去。[提醒]若表示“阻止做某事”，sth.作动词的宾语，则from后应跟动名词的被动语态，即“阻止某事被\n做”。Nothingcanstoptheplanfrombeingearriedout.什么也不能阻止这项计划的实施。[牛刀小试3]．1.--Youhaven'tlosttheticket,haveyou?--_____.Iknowit'snoteasytogetanotheroneatthemoment.(2004江苏)A.IhopenotB.Yes,IhaveC.IhopesoD.Yes,I'mafraidso2.Sheisoneofthenewgirlswho____inthekin-dergarten.(1994上海)A.iswellpaidB.arewellpaidC.ispayingwellD.arepayingwell3,Youcaneatfoodfreeinmyrestaurant____youlike.(2004重庆)A.wheneverB.whereverC.whateverD.however4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.(NMET1995)A.nottoB.nottodoC.nottoitD,donotto【交际速成】\n【考点1】Expressingagreementanddisagreement同意与不同意(2000北京春招)--Ibeliecewe'vemetsomewherebefore．--No,____.A.itisn'tthesameB.itcan'tbetrueC.Idon'tthinksoD.I'drathernot[答案与解析]C本题主要考查同意与不同意的功能用语。A、B、D三项均不合语境，C项是表示不同看法的用语。【归纳】表达同意与不同意的常见功能用语有：①Sure/Certainly.②Ofcourse.③AIlright.④Iagree.⑤Noproblem.⑥That'sagoodidea.⑦Yes,Ithinkso.⑧Noway.(不可能)⑨Ofcoursenot.⑩Idon'tagree.⑧Idon'tthinkso.\n⑩I'mafraidnot.另外还有：①Absolutely.②That'sexactlywhatIwasthinking.③That'sagoodpoint.④That'sjusthowIseeit.⑤That'sworththinkingabout.⑥Youcan'tbeserious.⑦Well,itdepends.⑧Iwouldhavetodisagreewiththat.⑨Well,I'mnotsosureaboutthat.【考点2】Askingifsomebodyagree询问某人是否同意(2001上海)Idon'tsupposeanyonewillvolunteer,____?A.dOIB.don'tIC.willtheyD.won'tthey[答案与解析]C本题看似考查反意问句，实际上运用了询问某人是否同意的功能句式。这是一个否定转移句式。当句子主语为第一人称，谓语动词使用think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine等时。反意疑问句部分的主语和谓语动词均与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致。【归纳】询问某人是否同意的常见用语有：\n①Don'tyouagree?②(~)Don'tyouthinksheisabrightstudent?③(~)Don'tyouthinkso?④(~He'squiteold,isn'the?⑤~)Right?⑥~Yeah?⑦(~OK?⑧(8-)Doyouagreewithme?⑨(9_)1wonderifyouwouldagreewithargument?【考点3】Talkingaboutcausesandeffects谈论原因和结果--Howisitthatyouarelateforschoolagain?A.BybusandthenonfootB.BecauseImissedthebusC.It'squiteallrightD.It'sfarfromschool[答案与解析]B本题主要考查表达原因和结果的用语。题干中Howisitthat...意为“是什么使得(某事发生的)?”．故A、C、D三项均不能用于回答所提问题，只有B项符合语境。【归纳】表达原因和结果的用语有：①Why...?\n②Becauseof...,I...③Asaresultof...④Because/As/Since...⑤If...,then...⑥Itfollowsthat...⑦Itwillleadto...[牛刀小试4]1.--I'msorryIcan'tgowithyou.--____?Haven'tyouagreed?A.HowisitB.WhatisitC.Whydon'tyouD.Whatdoyouthink2.--Doyouhappentohavetwentydollarswithyou?--____?--Iwanttobuyadictionary.A.HowdoyouwantitB.HowmuchC.WhatforD.Whencanyoupaymehack3.--IthinkyoushouldphoneJennyandsaysorrytoher.\n--____.Itwasherfault.A.NowayB.NotpossibleC.NochanceD.Notatall4.--Doyouthinkit'sgoingtorainovertheweekend?--____.A.Idon'tbelieveB.Idon'tbelieveitC.IbelievenotsoD.Ibelievenot5.--Goforapicnicthisweekend,OK?--____.Ilovegettingclosetonature.A.Icouldn'tagreemoreB.I'mafraidnotC.IbelievenotD.Idon'tthinkso☆精典题例☆()1.Hetriedhisbesttosolvetheproblem,____difficultitwas.(2005天津)A.howeverB.nomatterC.whateverD.although【解析】选Ahowever=nomatterhow引导让步状语从句。()2.--BradwasJane'sbrother!--____heremlndedme∞mHch()fJane!\n(2004浙江)A.NodoubtB.AboveallC.NowonderD.Ofcourse【解析l选Cnowonder“难怪”，因为Brad是Jane的兄弟，他经常提到Jane就没什么奇怪的了。()3.--Howlongareyoustaying?--Idon'tknow____.(2004江苏)A.That'sOKB.NevermindC.ItdedendsD.Itdoesn'tmatter【解析】选C根据上文Idon'tknow.，可确定要选C，表示要随情况而定。()4.--It'scloudyoutside.Pleasetakcanubrella.--____.(2005湖南)A.Yes,takeiteasyB.Well,itjustdependsC.OK,justincaseD.Allright,you'rewelcome【解析】选Cjustincase=incaseitrains带把雨伞以防下雨。()5.TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryears____theNorthwonintheend.(2005广东)A.afterB.when\nC.beforeD.then【解析】选Cbefore“过了(四年)才……”。：()6.Iwonderhowhe____thattotheteacher.A.daredtosayB．dare~yingC.daressayD.daredsay【解析】选Adared在此是情态动词的过去式。()7.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept____helphecanget.(2005全国)A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever【解析】选Cwhatever引导的宾语从句。whateverhelp=anyhelpthat...。()8.--Thecarsgiveoffagreatdealofwastegasintostreets.--Yes.ButI'msuresomethingwillbedoneto--____airpollution.A.reduceB.removeC.collectD.warn【解析】选Areducepollution减少污染。9.Althoughtheworkingmotherisverybusy,shestill____alotoftimetoherchildren.(NMET2000)\nA.devotesB.spendsC.offersD.provides【解析】选Adevote...to为固定搭配。10.--Dad,I'vefinishedmyassignment.--Good,and____youplayorwatchTV,youmustn'tdisturbme.(2003上海)A.wheneverB.whetherC.whateverD.nomatter【解析】选Bwhether...or...引导让步状语从句；=nomatterwhether...or()11.Thechairmanthought____necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.(2005全国)A.thatB.itC.thisD.him【解析】选Bit作形式宾语，代替不定式。依赖、依靠、由于、因为”等意思。它引导的短语，可以表达正面意思(近于原意“感谢”)，也可用于讽刺口吻中(近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”。)它引导的短语在句中用作状语时，大多放在句首，但也可以置于句末。Thankstoyourhelp,passedthetest.幸亏有你的帮助，我测验及格了。(正面意思)\n4.power,strength,force这三个名词都有“力”的意思，但使用范围不完全相同。power“力”，含义最广，指政治力量或能力；strength指某人或某物所具有的内在力量，可指体力、力气；force也可指物质或精神力量。多指为做成某事而使用的力量，也可指武力。Knowledgeispower.知识就是力量。Theboygatheredhisstrengthtogetup.那个男孩聚集力量站了起来。Ittookhimgreatforcetoliftthebigstone.举起那块大石头花费他很大的力气。5.real,true(1)real表示“真的”、“真实的”，“名符其实的”，指的是事实上(客观上)存在而不是想像的。Isthisrealgold?这是真金吗?I'mlearningtoskateonrealice.我在真正的冰上学滑冰。(2)true意为“真的、真正的”，表示的是和事实及实际情况相符合。Itisquitetrue.\n这是真实的。Heistruetohisname.他名不虚传。[注意]①true还可作“忠实的”解。试比较：truefriend(comrade，friendship)忠实的朋友(同志，友谊)realfriend(comrade，friendship)真正的朋友(同志，友谊)②在词组cometrue(实现)和betrue中，不能用real来代替true。6.such…as…，suchas，such…that…(1)such...as...作“像……那样的”，“如……之类的”解。such后面可跟可数名词，也可跟不可数名词。名词前还可加其它形容词修饰。as是关系代词，引导定语从句，as常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。如：Iwantt0buysuchbooksasareaboutscienceandtechnology.我想买科技方面的书。(as在从句中作主语。)Don'treadsuchbooksasyoucan'tunderstand.不要读你看不懂的书。(as在从句中作宾语。)Suchbooksasthisaretoodifficulttobeginners.\n这样的书对于初学者来说是太难r。(as引导一个省略的从句“asthis(is)”，as在从句中作表语)(2)suchas是短语连词，意为“诸如”，“例如”，引出的是such前面的词的同位语。如：Johnlikestomakefurniture，suchaschairsandtables.约翰喜欢做家具，如桌子和椅子之类。(3)such…that…作“如此……以致……”解。that是连词，引导结果状语从句。Theteacheraskedsuchadifficultquestionthatnoonecouldanswerit.(结果状语从句)老师问了一个如此难的问题以致没人能够回答。[比较]Theteacheraskedsuchadifficultquestionasnoonecouldanswer.(定语从句)老师问了一个没人能够答得上来的难题。(as在从句中作宾语)☆句型诠释☆1.Wheredoyouthinkthemusiccomesfrom?你觉得这种音乐来自何处?(1)此句子是由一个一般疑问句和一个特殊疑问句混合而成，故称为混合疑问句。常用于这种结构的动词有think,believe,guess,suggest,suppose,\nhope,say,imagine等，此类句型常用来征询对方对某事的看法、判断、意见、认识、猜测等，或者请求埘方重述一遍。WhatdoyouthinkInadeMarysoupset?你认为是什么使玛丽如此不安?Whodoyousupposewouldbelievethatstory?你认为谁会相信那个故事?Howhighdoyou,saythismountainis?你说这山有多高?[注意]此句型中一类的插入语还可以放在句尾，有时还可以插入句中，用逗号隔开，在用法上基本相同。Whendoyouthinkhewillbebackfromabroad?(=Whenwillhebebackfromabroad，doyouthink?)你认为他什么时候会从国外回来?Whichway,doyouimagine,hewent?你能想出他走哪条路了吗?(2)这种混合疑问句以know,tell,ask,hear等作谓语动词时，其后带一般疑问句的结构，以及答语不同，后者可以用Yes...，No...来回答，而前者则不行，请看下面的句子：\n\n\n\nChapter6SBIUnits11-12☆重点句型☆1.Whatdoyouthinkthemusiccomesfrom?doyouthink作插入语2.Youwanttofindagoodsangtodanceto.不定式作后置定语3.Ifonlytheycouldfindawaytogettotheroom.Ifonly的用法4.HewasjustabouttosaysomethingwhenPeterturnedaround.when的用法5.Whatdoyouhaveinmind?表示“心里想着某事”6.Thenexttimeyoulookforatape,don'tjustlookforChineseorAmericanmusic.名词引导时间状语从句7.Itlookedasifthecreaturehadmoved.asif的用法☆重点词汇☆1.traditionaladj.传统的2.instrumentn.工具，器械3.performvt./vi.表演，执行4.characteristicn.特点\n5.containvt.包含6.intelligencen.智力7.spreadvt./vi.传播，伸展8.varietyn.多样性，种类9.universaladj.通用的，世界的10.recordvt./vi./n.记录，录音，唱片11.satisfyvt.满足12.desiren./vt.心愿，期望13.emotionn.情感14.musiciann.音乐家15.expressvt.表达16.literaturen.文学，文艺17.comedyn.喜剧18.powern.能力，力量19.habitn.习惯20.whisperv./vt./vi.耳语，低声说21.treatv./n.对待，请客22.entertainv.使人快乐☆重点短语☆1.havemuchincommon有很多共同之处2.turn...into...把……变成3.aseriesof一连串的，一系列的\n4.introuble在困境中5.turnaround转过身6.believein信任，信仰7.comeacross偶然遇到8.taketurns轮流9.ontheotherhand在另一方面10.makeadecision做决定11.makefunof取笑12.thinkwellof高度评价13.besimilarto与……相似14.compare...with...把……和……比较15.makesuggestions提出建议16.thelateststyle最新的式样17.makemoney赚钱18.danceto和着……的节奏跳舞19.besatisfiedwith对……感到满意20.pickup捡起，接收21.makearecord制作唱片22.playatrickonsb.捉弄某人短语闯关下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词5分，80分才\n能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?1.____common共同(的)；共有(的)2.turn...____把……变成3.a____of一连串的；一系列；一套4.____trouble处于困境中；有麻烦5.come____偶然遇见，碰上6.believe____信任；信仰；支持，赞成7.turn____转过身；转过来8.____adecision作决定9.____easy感到舒心10.____instruments演奏乐器11.____one'sinnerdesire满足内心的欲望12.____anartsfestival举办艺术节13.____thesamegoals有共同的目标14.get____到达；做完；通过；度过；打通15.____sbbadly虐待某人16.____...with/to和……作比较17.____magictricks看魔术18.have...____mind想到；想着19.dance____music/asong/atune按音乐／歌曲／曲调的节拍跳舞20.aworld____无数……，大量……，许多……\n☆交际用语☆1.Whynothaveanothertry?2.What/HowaboutgoingoutforaswimthisSundayafte-rnoon?3.Inmyopinion,youshould[hadbetterwaitanothertenminute.4.Maybeitwouldbebetterto...5.That'sagoodidea.6.I'dloveto,but...7.Whatcanyousuggest?8.Nothingcanstopmefrom...9.Well,that'ssettled.10.Personally,Ibelieve...☆词汇短语☆【考点2】common的用法▲搭配：①thecommons普通人．老百姓②outof(the)common不寻常的，特殊的③havenothingincommon(with)(与……)没有共同之处【考例2】[2004辽宁]IntheearlydaysoftheAmerican．West,gunfightswerenot____forthewaterre—sources,andlaws...A.unlawfulB.unacceptable\nC.unpopularD.uncommon[考查目标]本题考查common等派生词的用法和词义。[答案与解析]Duncommon的意思是“不寻常的，不常见的”’而unlawful的意思是“不违法的”；unacceptable“不接受的”；unpopular“不受欢迎的”“不普遍的”。15.comparev.比较，比作[拓展]comparisonn.比较[词组]compare...with把……和……相比较Comparethiswiththat,andyou'llseewhichisbetter.把这个同那个比较一下，你就会知道哪一个更好了。[链接]compare...to...把……比作……Lifeisoftencomparedtoastage.人生经常被比作舞台。Hecomparedyoungpeopletotherisingsun.他把年轻人比作正在升起的太阳。comparedto/with...(与……相比)用于句首或句未作状语Comparedto/withmanyothers,you'rereallyaluckydog.与许多其他的人相比，你确实足个幸运儿。【考点9】contain的用法▲构词：containern.容器(箱、盆、罐、壶、桶、坛子)，集\n装箱▲搭配：①becontainedbetween/within含于……间，(夹)在……之间②containoneself自制▲辨析：contain；include；hold都含“包含”、“容纳”的意思。contain着重“其中确实包含有，侧重全部”；而include强调部分内容或范围。例如：Thebottlecontainswater.这个瓶子里有水。Threestudentswentthere,includingmyEnglishteach—er.hold指“能容纳”。例如：Thehouseholds20people.这房子能住下20人。【考例9】[2005太原模拟]Theyalso____theveryworstpartsofasociety:violentcrime,racialdiscrimi—nationandpoverty.A.maintainB.obtainC.containD.sustain[考查目标]本题考查contain的意思。[答案与解析]Ccontain的常见意思是“包含”。6.desirevt.希望得到，[U]渴望，[C]一种强烈的欲望\nWealldesirehappinessandhealth.我们都希望得到幸福和健康。Ihavelongdesiredtomeetyou.我一直渴望见到你们。Thepeopleexpressedtheirdesirethatthewar(should)cometoanendsoon.人们渴望战争早日结束。YourparentsalwaystrytheirbesttosatisfyaIlyourdesires.你父母总是尽力满足你所有的愿望。[词组]havedesireforsth.渴望得到……sarisfyone'sdesires满足某人的欲望／愿望desireforsth.渴望得到……desiretodosth.渴望做……desiresb.todosth.渴望某人做……【考点5】discover的用法▲构词：①discoverern.发现者②discoveryn.发现．发明的东西▲辨析：discover；disclose两者比较一般的含义是“揭示出来”。discover是通用词，在表示“发现”的时候，它的内涵是\n被探索或被揭示物早就客观存在。例如：Despitehergreatage,shewasverygracefulindeed,butsofar,thearchaeologistshavebeenunabletodis—coverheridentity.尽管她的年代离现在已经很久远了，但是她的确很有风姿，然而至今考古学家尚不能探明她是那尊女神。disclose表示把未宣布的事情“透露”出来。例如：Shedisclosedthatshehadbeenmarriedforamonth.她透露自己已经结婚一个月了。【考例5】[2004北京]Icontinuedplayingfootballatschooland____myloveforitIjoinedaprivateteamcoachedbymyschoolcoach.A.reconsideredB.rediscoveredC.reformedD.replaced[考查目标]本题考查discover派生词的意思。[答案与解析]Brediscover的意思是“重现，再现”。【考点7】offer的用法▲搭配：①offersb.sth/sth.tosb向某人提供／提出……②offer(sb)somemoneyforsth(向某人)出价……购买……③offertodosth主动提出干某事\n▲辨析：offer，present这两个动词比较一般的含义为“给”。offer在现代英语中大致有三层意思：(1)把某物拿出来给对方，对方可能接受，也可能拒绝。(2)提出某事让对方考虑。(3)给某人某物，基本上相当于give的含义。例如：Heofferedafewideastoimprovetheplan.他提出了一些改进这个计划的意见。present可以表示正式的呈递，在其他的用法中，与of—fer下面的第三个含义相似。例如：Theservantpresentedsandwichestoeachguest.仆人把三明治递给了每一位客人。【考例7】[2004湖南]They've____us￡150，000forthehouse.Shallwetakeit?A.providedB.suppliedC.shownD.offered[考查目标]本题考查offer与其近义词之间的区别。[答案与解析]Doffer为“(善意的)提供”，从句意可以看出这一点。考点8】perform的用法▲构词：performancen.履行，执行，成绩．性能，表演，演奏\n▲搭配：①puton/giveaperform表演②performone'sduties尽责任【考例8】[2005广西模拟]Theoperationsare____withdifferenttools.A.preferredB.performedC.providedD.practiced[考查目标]本题考查perform的词义。[答案与解析]Bperform除了有“表演”的意思以外，还有“操作”等别的意思。1.performvt./vi.演出，表演，演奏，执行performancen.表演give/putonaperformance演出；上演(节目)Healsoperformedapartinaplay.他也在剧中扮演了一个角色。Thefive-year-oldgirlperformedperfectlyonthepiano.那个五岁的小女孩熟练地演奏钢琴。Oneshouldalwaysperformwhathepromises.说了就应当兑现。Whichdoctorperformedtheoperation?这个手术是哪位医生做的?【考点4】pick的用法\n▲构词：pick-pocketn.扒手▲搭配：①pickandsteal小偷小摸②pickout挑出，拣出；辨别出，区别出；弄明白，领会(文章等的意义)③pickup拾起；(车、船)在途中搭人、带货；(未经正式介绍)结识朋友；(偶然、无意地)获得、得到、学会(语言、技术等)；恢复健康；(从收音机里)收听到，(用雷达等)看到，听到。探测到④pickoneselfup(跌倒后)再爬起来；振作精神⑤pickup(health)恢复健康⑥pickupspeed加速⑦pickupwithsb结识，与……交朋友▲辨析：choose；select；pick这组动词都有“挑选”的意思。choose强调在“选择”某物时的意愿，特别是当供挑选物只有两个时，我们应当用choose。例如：Hehasdeliberatelychosentoleadthelifeheleadsandisfullyawareoftheconsequences.他故意地选择了他所过的生活．并且深知其后果。有好几个东西供选择时，最好用select。因为有较多的被挑选物或挑选人就必须加以鉴别。例如：\nTheywillhardlyknowwhichfactstoselectfromthegreatmassofevidencethatsteadilyaccumulates.大量的史料不断聚积．他们难以判断从中选择哪些史实。But,ofthevertebrates,unpredictableNatureselectedonlysnakes(andonelizard).但是，在脊椎动物中，神秘莫测的大自然只选择了蛇(和一种蜥蜴)。pick在用作“挑选”时，不强凋鉴别，也不强调意愿。例如：Onthevillagegreen，whereyoupickupsidesandnofeelingoflocalpatriotismisinvolved,itispossibletoplaysimplyforthefunandexercise.在一块乡村草坪上．你为双方挑选队员．并不涉及地方感情问题，只有这样才可能单纯为娱乐和锻炼而赛球。【考例4】[NMET1992]____thekettle(水壶)ofboilingwater,shemovedquietlytowardsthedoor.A.PuttingdownB.LayingasideC.PickingupD.Takingaway[考查目标]本题考查pickup的意思。[答案与解析]Cpickup的常见意思是“捡起，拿起”。8.power[U]权力，功率，动力powerfuladj.强大的，有力的\npowerlessadj.无能的[词组]comeintopower掌权inpower掌权beyond/outofpower不能胜任的powerplant/station发电厂WhichPartyisinpower?现在哪个党执政?Thepowerofthegovernmentshasincreasedgreatlyoverthepastcentury.近一个世纪以来，政府的权力大大增强了。Heturnedonthepowerandthemachineworked.他打开电源，机器就工作了。10.record[C]记录，唱片vt./vi.记录下来，记载，录制Hestillholds/keepstherecordofthehighjump.他仍然保持着跳高记录。Hisrecordsarepopularwithyoungstudents.他的唱片很受青年学生的欢迎。Herdiaryrecordsallthehappeningsoftheday.她的日记记载着当天发生的所有事情。Theprogrammewasrecorded.那个节目被录了下来。[词组]makerecords制作唱片\nwritearecordof记载下breakarecord打破一项记录setanewrecord创新记录keeparecordof记录着5.satisfyvt.使人满意，满足satisfiedadj.满意的satisfactory/satisfyingadj.令人满意的satisfactionn.满意[词组】besatisfiedwith对……满意besatisfiedtodosth.满意做某事asatisfiedsmile/look满意的微笑／神色asatisfyingending/result/meal令人满意的结局／结果／饭菜Wemustsatisfy(=meet)thepeople'sneeds/demand.我们必须满足人民的需要。Allthisinformationwasnotenoughtosatisfythem.所有这些情况都没能使他们满意。FromhissatisfiedlookIknowheissatisfiedtoworkhere.从他满意的神情可以看出，他很满意在这里工作。Workingwithherwasourmostsatisfyingactivity.\n和她一起工作是最使我们感到满意的活动。【考点3】satisfy的用法▲构词：①satisfactionn.满意，满足；令人满意的事物；补偿／报复(的机会)②satisfactoryadj.令人满意的(to)，圆满的，良好的③satisfyingadj.令人满足的。令人满意的④satisfiedadj.感到满意的▲搭配：①satisfysbwithsth使……对……感到满意；使……满足于……②besatisfiedwith对……感到满意③satisfysbthat—clause/ofsth使……对……感到信服；使相信④feelsatisfactionat/in对……感到满意⑤receive/getsatisfactionfrom对…感到满意⑥tosb'ssatisfaction=tothesatisfactionofsb令某人满意／确信⑦withsatisfaction满意地【考例3】[2000京皖春招]Nickislookingforanotherjobbecausehefeelsthatnothinghedoes____hisboss.\nA.servesB.satisfiesC.promisesD.supports[考查目标]动词satisfy的词义。[答案与解析]Bsatisfy的意思是“令人满意”。本句比较复杂，nothing是satisfy的主语，hedoes是定语从句。4.similaradj.相似的similarlyadv.相类地，similarity类似besimilartosb./sth.in...在……与某人／某物相似Wehavesimilartastesinmusic.我们在音乐方面爱好相似。Goldissimilarincolourtobrass.金与黄铜的颜色相似。Yourviewsoneducationaresimilartomine.你的教育观点和我的相似。【考点6】sound的用法▲构词：soundlessadj.无声的▲搭配：①in/within(the)soundof在能听见……的地方②soundinmindandlimb身体健全的【考例6】[2005宜昌模拟]Itcaughlhimrightonthegroundwithouta____.\nA.wordB.voiceC.noiseD.sound[考查目标]本题考查sound和其近义词的区别。[答案与解析]Dsound为普通的“声音”，noise为“噪音”，voice一般用来指“人的声音”。【考点10】spread的用法▲搭配：①spreadout张开，伸开，铺开，扩大／张，展开，伸长②spreadAon/overB=spreadBwithA把A铺／敷于B上【考例10】Afterashorttime,thebadnewshad____alloverthecityandeverybodyknewit.A.scatteredB.spreadC.coveredD.announced[考查目标]本题考查动词spread的词义。[答案与解析]Bspread的词义是“蔓延；传播开采”，既是及物动词又是不及物动词。它的过去分词和过去式的变化是spread。【考点1】suggest的用法▲构词：suggestionn.[C]提议，意见，暗示，微量▲搭配：①suggeststhtosb向某人提议／建议某事②suggest(tosb)that-clause\n友情提示：此句型中，suggest作第1种意思时常用虚拟语气，作第2种意思时用陈述语气。③suggestdoingsth提议/建议做某事④make/offerasuggestion提议，建议【考例1】[NMET1994]Jane'spalefacesuggestedthatshe____ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe____amedicalexamination．A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;hadD.was;has[考查目标]suggest的宾语从句特点。[答案与解析]Bsuggest表示“建议”时，从句用虚拟语气；suggest表示“暗示，表明”时，从句用陈述语气。12．treat[trit](1)及物动词“对待，看待，处理，视为”。treatsomebodybadly虐待某人；treatsomebody/somethingas...把某人／某物看作是……。ShetreatsmeaSherclosestfriend.她把我看作是她的最亲密的朋友。(2)及物动词“治疗”。Thedoctortreatedhisfeverwithpills.医生用药片治疗他的发烧。(3)不及物动词“款待。”\ntreatsb.todinner请某人吃饭Whoseturnisittotreatnexttime?下次该谁请客?(4)名词“款待，请客，乐事”。Thisismytreat.这次我请客。It'satreattomeetyou.见到你真高兴。[拓展]treatmentn.治疗3.variety[vo'raioti]n.多样(性)，种类，变化Heleftforavarietyofreasons.他由于种种原因而离开了。Weshouldgivevarietytotheprogramme.我们要把节目办得丰富多彩。[拓展]variousadj.各种各样的；varyv.改变，变化[牛刀小试1]用所给单词的适当形式填空：(spread,satisfy,contain,common,suggest,perform,pick,offer,sound)1.Hisface____hewasbadlyill,buthisunclesuggestedwenotsendhimtothehospital.2.Ourchemistryteacher____theexperimentwhilewesatinfrontofher.3.Weshouldaskthechildrentoeatmorevegetables\nwhich____alotofvitamins4.Werealizedthatallofthesheepwerelostinthefor-est,accordingtoour____knowledge.5.Withthenews____,allthepeasantslefttheirhometownforthebeach.6.Theyoungmanwasfiredbecauseeverythinghedidinthecompanycouldn't____hisboss.7.Whattheprofessorsaid____reasonable.8.Theyweretootired,sotheywaitedonthesideoftheroad,waitingforsomeoneto____themup.9.Wewaitedforalongtimeandthenwere____somecoffee.【短语归类】【考点l】come构成的短语①comeupwith找到，提出(答案、解决办法)②comeacross碰上，偶然碰上，被理解，发现③comealong进展，进步，一道来④comedown下来，降低，下降，着陆⑤cometrue实现⑥comeover过来，顺便来访⑦comein进来⑧cometooneself苏醒，恢复知觉\n⑨comeon来吧，跟着来，赶快⑩comeout出来，出版，发(芽)，开花⑩comeabout发生⑧comeback回来．流行⑩cometo共计，达到，达成，恢复知觉，苏醒⑩comeround来，过访⑩comethrough经历(困难等)[例句]Shecameupwithanewideaforincreasingsales.她想出了增加销售量的新主意。Itcameoutthathe'dbeentellingapackoflies.后来才知道他一直在说谎。Whydon'tcomeovert0Beidaiheforaholidayinsum—mer?你怎么不在夏天到北戴河来度假呢?Thepriceofpetroliscomingdownthankstothein—creaseofproduction.由于产量的增加，石油的价格在下跌。Hespokeforalongtimebuthismeaningdidn'tcomeacross.他讲了很长时间，但他的意思没有人真正理解。Thecrocusescameoutlatethisyearbecauseofthecoldweather.因为天气寒冷，今年藏红花开得晚。Itsuddenlycametoherthatshehadbeenwrongallalong.她突然想到她一开始就错了。\n【考例l】(1996上海)Weareallgoingtothegames.Whydon'tyoucome____?A.upB.acrossC.alongD.to[考查目标]此题主要考查come构成的短语的用法。[答案与解析]Ccomeup升起，被讨论，出现；comeacross被理解，被传达，碰见，偶然遇到；comealong进展，进步，一道来；cometo共计，达到，达成。本句话意思是“我们要去参加比赛，你为什么不一道去?”13.comeacross(1)comeacross作“碰到”，“(偶然)发现或遇见”解。Inthecourseoftheexperiment,theycanleacrosssomenewproblems.在实验过程中他们碰到一些新问题。(2)comeacross有时可作“穿过”、“越过……而来”解释。TheEighthRouteArmyeasilycameacrosstheenemylines.八路军轻易地越过了敌人的防线。[联想]表示“(偶然)遇见”还可用以下形式表达：runacrossmeetwithhappentomeetrunintomeet…bychancetomeet\n2.incommon公用，共有；共同ThesetwohouseshaveaCOUrtincommon.这两家合用一个院子。Hip-hotandraphavemuchincommonwithbluesandrock.希荷普和说唱(音乐)与布鲁斯和摇滚(音乐)有许多共同之处。IncommonwitheveryoneelseIholdthatheisright.同大家一样，我也认为他是对的。14.introuble意为“处于困境中，有麻烦”。介词in表示“处于……状态中”。如：Apersonwithgoodmannersneverlaughsatpeoplewhentheyareintrouble.一个有礼貌的人绝不会嘲笑身处困境的人们。Hewasintroublewiththecustoms.他在海关那儿遇到了麻烦。[联想]beagreattroubleto对……来说很麻烦askfortrouble自找麻烦havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事困难getintotrouble陷入困境therebetrouble(in)doingsth.(同上)maketrouble制造麻烦\ntaketroubletodosth.费心做某事save/sparetrouble省事，避免麻烦putsb.tothetroubleofdoing麻烦某人做某事putsb.totrouble给某人添麻烦7.ontheotherhand另一方面的Iwanttogototheparty,butontheotherhandIoughttobestudying.我想去参加聚会，但从另一方面来说，我应该留下来学习。[拓展】on(the)onehand...,ontheotherhand...,用以引导出相互矛盾的观点Ononehandthehotelisnearthesea,butontheotherhanditcostsalot.好的方面是这家旅馆靠海，可是另一方面房租太贵。[词组]byhand手工制作的athand在附近，在手头，即将发生fromhandtohand从一人之手转到另一人之手handinhand手拉手Alltheworkhadtobedonebvhand.所有的活都得用手工做。ThenoteWasdeliveredbvhand.这封短信经由专人送交。(非经邮寄)\nHelivescloseathand.他住在附近。Theexaminationisathand.考试即将举行。Bucketsofwaterwerepassedfromhandtohandtoputthefireout.人们一桶又一桶传递着水把火扑灭。Dirtanddiseasegohandinhand.肮脏和疾病是形影相随的。11.playmusic演奏音乐[相关短语]enjoythemusic欣赏音乐readmusic识乐谱havenoearformusic无音乐鉴赏力performmusic演奏音乐listento(the)music听音乐facethemusic临危不惧9.taketurnsdoingsth.轮流做某事Sincewetookturnsdriving,wedidn'tfindthetriptiring.由于我们轮流驾驶，所以我们并没有觉得旅途劳累。[短语]byturns轮流地inturn依次地\nateveryturn到处【考点2】turn构成的短语①turnon打开，使感兴趣②turnoff关掉③turndown关小，凋低，拒绝，转入④turnaround转过身，转过来⑤turn...into...把……变成⑥turnto开始干，求助于⑦turnover转身，翻转，把某人交给，移交，营业额达⑧turnup调大，出现，使某物朝上⑨turnout结果是，证明是，出席⑩turnagainst背叛[例句]Mozart'smusicalwaysturnsmeon.莫扎特的音乐总是让我感兴趣。Besuretoturnoffthelightswhenyouleavetheroom.离开房间时一定要把灯关了。IappliedforthejobbuttheyturnedmedownbecauseIdidn'tknowGerman.我申请了这份工作，但是因为我不懂德语他们拒绝了我。Heturnedaroundtofindapolicemaneyeinghimsuspi—ciously.他转过身发现警察在怀疑地看着他。Avastcrowdturnedoutt0watchthematch.大群的观\n众到场观看比赛。Thecarskidded,turnedoverandburstintoflames.那汽车一打滑，翻倒后起火了。【考例2】(2004浙江)Wewantedtogethomebeforedark,butitdidn'tquite____asplanned.A.makeOUtB.turnoutC.goonD.comeup[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的用法。[答案与解析]Bmakeout弄明白；turnoat结果是，证明是；goon继续进行；comeup上来，过来，来吧。本句话意思是“我们希望在天黑前到家，但是结果并不像计划的那样”。【考例3】(2004四川)Theforestguardsoftenfindcamp－firesthathavenotbeen____completely.A.turneddownB.putoutC.putawayD.turnedover[考查目标]此题主要考查turn与put构成的短语的用法。[答案与解析]Bturndown关小。调低，拒绝。转入；turnover翻转，移交，营业额达……；putout扑灭；putaway收拾，整理，本句话意思是“森林看护人员经常发现野营的火没有完全被扑灭”。\n16.turnaround(同turnround)转过身，转回身Whentheteacherturnedaround,theybegantowhisper.老师一转过身去，他们就开始窃窃私语。[链接]tumback折回；翻回turnin上交，交回turnaway不理；撵走turnout结果是；生产；出来turndown不接受；调小／低turnup调大；出现；到达turnon开(灯等)turnoff关(灯等)turnto转向……／向……求助turn...into...把……变成turnagainst背叛【考点3】含“动词+in”的短语①believein相信．信任，信仰②bringin引进，引来③comein进来④givein让步。投降⑤handin交上来⑥getin收获，进入\n⑦takein欺骗．摄取⑧joinin加入，参与⑨takepartin参加⑩turnin交上来[例句]Youcanbelieveinhim;he'llneverIetyoudown.你可以相信他，他是不会让你失望的。Thesalebroughtusinover$200.这次销售使我们赚了200美元。IkeptinvitingMrs.Smithtostayforlunch,andfinallyshegavein.我不断邀请史密斯夫人留下来吃午饭，最终她让步了。Wewerecompletelytakeninbyhisstory.我们完全被他的故事欺骗了。Shehandedinherresignationbecauseofdissatisfac—tion.因为不满她递交了辞呈。TheyalljoinedinsingingtheChristmascarols.他们一起唱圣诞颂歌。【考例4】(2004湖北)Wehaveto____thewheatassoonaspossiblebecauseastormisontheway.A.getawayB.getacrossC.getthroughD.getin[考查目标]此题主要考查get短语。\n[答案与解析]Dgetaway逃脱，离开；getacross通过，把……讲清楚；getthrough到达，办完，花光；getin收获，进入，抵达。再根据意思“因为暴风雨就要来了，因此我们必须尽快收割小麦”。[牛刀小试2]1.--Howdidyoufindhimout?--I____hisnamebychanceonthelist.A.camedownB.cameaboutC.cameuDD.cameacross2.Isimplycouldn'tunderstandhowit____thatyoudidsomuchworkwithinSUChashorttime.A.camebackB.cameupC.cameaboutD.camealong3.Acoldwindbegantoblowandhe____hiscollartokeepoutthecold.A.turneddownB.turnedoffC.turnedoverD.turnedup4.Herparentshadhadaveryanxiousmomentbuteverythmg____allrightintheend.A.turnedupB.carriedoutC.turnedoutD.carriedaway5.DuringthebreakshebegantosinganEnglishsong，\nandweall____.A.takepartinB.joinedC.joinedinD.together☆词语比较☆1.contain，include(1)contain:haveorhold(sth.)withinitself包含，容纳；含有，强调内容或含量，可用于表示包括所含之物的全部和部分。Thisbookcontainsfortyinterestingpictures.这本书里有四十幅有趣的图画。(2)include:have(sb./sth.)aspartofawhole包括，包含。用于表示所包含之物中的一部分。ThetourincludedavisittotheScienceMuseum.旅游项目中包括参观科技博物馆。2.pick，pickup，pickout(1)pickvt.&vi.采，摘；挑选Theyshowedushowtopicktealeaves.他们教我们怎样采茶叶。Thestudentshavetopickthreecoursesfromalistof\nten.学生必须从十门课程中选修三门。(2)pickup的含义很多，最基本的含义是“拾起”、“拿起”，除此之外常见的还有“(在无线电里)收听到”，“(车辆等)中途搭人。中途带货”，“(偶然地，无意地)获得(收益，知识等)，学会(语言)”等。PleasepickupaIlthepiecesofpaper.请把所有的纸片都捡起来。MyradiocanpickupVOAveryclearly.我的收音机收听“美国之音”很清楚。Thetrainstoppedtopickuppassengers.火车停下来搭乘客。Hepickedupsomeknowledgeofphysics.他偶然获得了一些物理知识。(3)pickout意思是“挑出；选出”、“分辨”Wedecidedtopickoutthebestplayerstojoininthegame.我们决定挑出最好的选手来参加比赛。[注意]这两个短语中up和out都是副词，如果宾语是人称代词，应该放在副词之前。Youdmppedthebookonthefloor;nowyoushouldpickitup.\n你把书扔到地上了，现在你该把它拾起来。3.becauseof，owingto，dueto，onaccountof，asa(the)resultof，thanksto(1)becauseof，owingto，onaccountof意为“因为，由于”，在句中一般作状语，可置于句首或句未。Becauseof/Owingto/Onaccountofmyabsence,theyhadtoputofftheclassmeetingtillnextweek.由于我不在，他们只好将班会推迟到下个星期。Thetrainarrivedlatebecauseof/owingto/onaccountofaheavysnow.由于一场大雪火车来迟了。(2)dueto意为“由于”，它引导的短语在句中一般用作表语和定语。但在很多场合，可与owingto通用，作状语，这一用法在现今英美语中也很流行，但不如owingto那么严谨罢了。Hewasinjureddueto(=owingto)acaraccident,他由于一起汽车事故受了伤。Hisfailureisduetothefactthathelacksexperience.由于缺乏经验导致了他的失败。(3)asa(the)resultof意为“由于……的结果”，一般用作状语。Asaresultofthewarthelivesofmanypeoplewere\nlost.由于战争的缘故许多人丧了命。(4)thanksto这一短语介词，含有“幸亏、多亏、亏得、--Doyouknowbowmuchtheroomcosts?你知道这房间花费多少吗?--Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.知道。／不知道。--Howmuchdoyouthinktheroomcosts?你认为这房间会花多少钱?--Ithinktheroomcosts300dollars.我认为会花300美元。2.YouwanttobuyaCDforyourfriend'sbirthdaybutyouarenotsurewhattobuy.你想为朋友的生日买一张CD，但你拿不准该买什么。besure后可接不定式及从句。如：Johnissuretopasstheexam.约翰一定能通过考试。Heissurethatthepartywillbeasuccess.他确信这次聚会能获得成功。[注意]besure后接名词、代词、动名词时需用介词of或about。如：\nYoumaybesureofhishonesty.你可以确信他是诚实的。IthinkhelivesatNo.23Westst.,butI'mnotsureaboutthenumber.我认为他住在西大街23号，但对这个号码我不能肯定。[比较]besuretodo与besureofdoingJohnissuretopasstheexam.说话人确信约翰能通过考试。Johnissure0fpassingtheexam.约翰本人确信自己能通过考试。[提示]benotsure后常用whether/if,what,when,where等引起从句，有时也用that。如：I'mnotsurewhether/ifhewillcometoseeme.我拿不准他是否会来看我。IwasnotsurewhatIoughttodo.我拿不准该干什么。[辨析]sure与certaincertain一般可与sure换用，但在Itiscertainthat...中不用sure。如：Itiscertainthatourteamwillwinthegame.我们队肯定能赢得这场比赛。(不用sure)\n3.Youwantt0findagoodsongtodanceto.你想找一首好歌来伴舞。①todanceto是不定式作定语，修饰名词song，并与之形成动宾关系，这时的不定式应为及物性的，若动词不及物，则应加上适当介词。如：NewYorkisaniceplacetovisit.纽约是个游览的好地方。Couldyoufindmeachairtositon?能给我找把椅子坐吗?②danceto中的to表示“伴随，按照”。如Helikestosingtothepiano.他喜欢钢琴伴唱。Pleaseaddsalttotaste.请按口味加盐。Themapwasdrawntoscale.这地图是按比例绘制的。4.Ifonlytheycouldfindawaytogettotheroom,behindthewall.要是他们能找到办法到达墙后面的房间，那就好了。ifonly虽然是从属连词，但它引导的从句却能单独成句，且能表达完整的意思：要是……该多好--种不能实现或难以实现的愿望。它相当于wish，但\n语气更强。句后用句号或感叹号皆可。①表示已过去了的不能实现的愿望，常含有后悔、惋惜之意。谓语动词应使用haddone形式。IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice!要是我听从了他的建议就好了!②表达现在不可实现的愿望，谓语动词用一般过去时。IfonlyIcouldswim!我要是会游泳该多好!③表达将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词用would/could+动词原形或一般过去时。Ifonlyshewouldhelpme!要是她能帮我就好了。[注意]ifonly除以上用法外，它还相当于if，引导条件状语从句。④Ifonlyhegetsthejob,itwillmakeagreatdealofdifference.要是他能得到这份工作，情况就大不一样了。[辨析]ifonly与onlyififonly多用于虚拟语气；onlyif多用于陈述语气，only修饰if，表示惟一的条件。5.HewasjustabouttosaysomethingwhenPeterturned\naround.他正要说些什么，这时皮特转过身来。beabouttodosth.正要做某事，表示该动作马上就要进行，不能与时间状语连用。[误]Hewasabouttoleaveinfiveminutes.[正]Hewouldleaveinfiveminutes.他5分钟后离开。when在此表示“正在这时/那时，突然”(具体用法详见Chapter1“词汇短语”)6.Itlookedasifthecreaturehadmoved.塑像好像动了。asif/though仿佛，好像(引导表语／方式状语从句，表示与事实相反的情况时用虚拟语气)(1)引导表语状语从句Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看来好像要下雨了。(真的要下雨了。)(2)引导方式状语从句Hetalksasifhewere/wasanexpert.他说话的样子好像是个专家似的。(事实上他不是专家。)(3)Asif/though引导的从句中若用虚拟语气，其谓语动词分别是：\n表示与现在事实相反：did/were(口语中单数也用was)whenapencilispartlyinwater,itlooksasifitwere/wasbroken.表示与过去事实相反：haddoneHeistalkingasthoughhehadbeentoBeijingmanytimes.表示与将来事实相反：could/woulddoHeactsasifhewouldflytothemoontomorrow.☆精典题例☆()1.Oneofthesidesoftheboardshouldbepaintedyellow,and____.(2000北京)A.theotheriswhiteB.anotherwhiteC.theotherwhiteD.anotheriswhite【解析】选C不能选A。white在句子中做主语的补语。"Theothersidesshouldbepaintedwhite."这是完整的句子。()2.Therearefivepairs____,butI'matalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing【解析】选Bchoosefrom"从……中挑选”。\n()3.LookatthetroubleI'min!IfonlyI____youradvice.(2003上海)A.followedB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.shouldfollow【解析】选CIfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice.要是以前听你的建议就好了。虚拟语气，表过去的情况。()4.--Howdoyou____wegotoBeijingforourholidays?--Ithinkwe'dbetterflythere.It'smuchmorecomfortable.(2004福建)A.insistB.wantC．supposeD．suggest【解析】选D这也是个混合疑问句。根据宾语从句中的谓语go可确定应填写"suggest"。()5。Theystartedofflateandgottotheairportwithminutesto____.(2005湖北)A.spareB.catchC.leaveD.make【解析】选A不定式作后置定语，跟所修饰的名词有动宾关系。本题只有spare才能与minutes构成动宾关系。()6.Allowchildrenthespacetovoicetheiropinions,\n____theyaredifferentfromyourown.(2005湖南)A.untilB.evenifC.unlessD.asthough【解析】选Bevenif即使；asthough=asif仿佛，好像。()7.____twoexamstoworryabout,Ihavetoworkreallyhardthisweekend.(2004北京)A.WithB.BesidesC.AsforD.Becauseof【解析】选A“with+宾语+宾补”常表示原因或理由。句意为：由于对两次考试担心，这个周末我不得不非常刻苦地学习。becauseof也表示原因，但后面不能带宾补。()8.Quiteafewpeopleusedtobelievethatdisaster____ifamirrorwasbroken.(2002上海)A.wassureofstrikingB.wassureofhavingstruckC.wassuretobestruckD.wassuretostrike【解析】选Dbesuretodo表示说话人认为一定会发生某事。\n()9.Thispicturewastakenalongtimeago.Iwonderifyoucan____myfather.(2005湖北)A.findoutB.pickoutC.lookoutD.speakout【解析】选Bpickout分辨出。()10.Whathehasdoneisfarfrom____.(2000上海)A.SatisfactoryB.satisfiedC.satisfactionD.satisfy【解析】选Afarfrom“远远不是”，后常跟形容词短语。farfrom(being)satisfactory意为“离满意还差得远”。类似的说法还有：farfromperfect/pleasant/happy/finished。\n\n\nChapter7SBIUnits13-14☆重点句型☆1.Oureatinghabitshavechanged,ashasourwayoflife.2.Onlyinthiswaywillwebereadyforthechallengesandopportunitiesinlife.3.Eachtimewecelebrateafestivalitchangealittle.4.Itisnotasadday,butratheratimetocelebratethecycleoflife.5.Notallofthemarebadforus.6.Somefooddoeshavenutrients.7.Thereseemstobenootherchoice.☆重点词汇☆1．examinevt.检查\n2.energyn.精力，能量3.fueln.燃料，营养物4.dietn.日常饮食5.productn.产品6.mineraln.矿物7.functionn.&vi.功能，作用，起作用8.chemicaln.&adj.化学制品，化学的9.balancevt.&vi.平衡10.supplementn.补充11.fitadj.健康的，适合的v.适合12.digestvt.消化，领会13.gainvt.增加，获得14.sleepyadj.困乏的15.tastyadj.可口的16.symboln.象征17.conflictn.冲突18．argument7j．争论19.honourn.&vt.荣誉，给以荣誉20.ancestorn.祖先，祖宗21.respectvt.尊敬22.celebrationn.庆祝23.lightvt.点燃，照亮\n24.faithn.信任，忠实25.creativityn.创造力26.purposen.目的，意图27.principlen.法则，原则28.commercialadj.商业的，贸易的29.similaradj.相似的30.advisevt.建议，劝告☆重点短语☆1.makeachoice做出选择2.nowandthen有时，偶尔3.drossup盛装，打扮4.inone'sopinion按照……的看法5．playatrickonsb．开某人的玩笑6.takein欺骗，摄取7.inthefuture未来8.loseweight减肥9.keepupwith与……保持一致10.begoodfor对……有好处11.bebasedon以……为基础12.becarefulwith小心，警惕13.lookintotheeyes坦然地正视某人14.careabout关心\n15.lead/liveanunhealthylife过着不健康的生活16.berichin丰富17.combine...with...结合18.anewcycleoflife轮回转世19.inotherwords换句话说20.beshortof短缺短语闯关下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过炎，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?1.____food垃圾食品2.____to应当，应该3.plenty____许多，大量的4.keep____with跟上；赶上5.____achoice作出选择6.now____then时而，不时；偶尔7.roll____(使)成卷(或筒、球)形8.dress____盛装；(乔装)打扮；装饰9.____one'sopinion按照……的看法10.____atrickonsb.开某人玩笑；欺骗某人；捉弄某人\n11.take____欺骗；摄取12.(be)short____缺乏……13.____fit保持健康14.lose(some)____减肥15.beharmful____对……有害16.becareful____小心，警惕，当心17.in____words换句话说18.make____with与……交朋友19.care____关心2O.get____下车21.go____适用于；应用于22.____purpose故意地23.as____as和一一样好；也24.ask(...)____(向某人)要求得到某物25.beprepared____为……做准备☆交际用语☆1.I'vegotapainhere.Thisplacehurts.2.Thereissomethingwrongwith...3.Idon'tfeelwell.4.Liedownandletmeexamineyou.5.Drinkplentyofwaterandgetsomerest.6.Inmyopinion,weshould...\n7.Ihopewecanmakeadecision.8.Idon'tthinkitisnecessaryto...☆词汇短语☆1.balancevt./vi./n.平衡；使平稳balancedadj.平衡的；均衡的Ifoundithardtokeepmybalanceontheicypath.我发现在结冰的路上行走很难保持平衡。Whenyoulearntorideabikeyoumustlearntobalance.你学骑自行车时必须学会保持平衡。[词组]lose/keepone'sbalance失去／保持平衡beinthebalance悬而未决；犹豫onbalance考虑周全strikeabalance力求公平balanceddiet均衡的饮食2.fitv.适合adj.健康的，适合的Thisdressdoesn'tfitme.这衣服不适合我。Yourtheoryfitsallthefacts.你的理论与全部事实相符合。Itwouldbemonthsbeforehewasfitforthejob.他要几个月才能适应这项工作。\nYoulookveryfit,Mike.迈克，你看上去很健康。[词组]keepfit保持健康Marthagoestokeepfitclassesanddoesexerciseseverymorning.玛莎每天早上去健身班上课做体操。3.lightvt./vi.点燃；照亮；发出喜悦的亮光lightadj.轻的lightn.光线；灯lightedadj.点燃了的Helightedhiscigarette，saidgoodnightandwentout.他点燃烟，说声晚安就出去了。Onelargelamplittheroom.一只大电灯照亮了整个房子。[词组]lightup点燃；照亮；变得高兴起来bring/cometolight为人所知shed/throwlighton使明白，解释(tomakeclear；explain)4.advisevt.劝告；建议；忠告advice[U]劝告；advisern.顾问；劝告者advisesth.建议某事/sb.(not)todosth.(劝告某人)/doingsth.\n建议做某事/sb.+疑问词+不定式建议某人怎么样/(sb.)that+主语+(should)dosth.建议某人应做某事Headvisedanearlystart./metostartearly．/startingearly．/(me)thatI(should)startearly.Couldyouadvisemewhattodonext?5.dressvt./vi./n.(1)vt.A.给……穿衣服。表穿的动作，用于dresssb./oneself结构Shehurriedlydressedhersonandtookhimtothekindergarten.她匆匆忙忙地给她儿子穿好衣服，然后带他到幼儿园。B.用过去分词作表语，表示穿着的状况。Themanispoorlydressed．那人衣衫褴褛。C.be/getdressedin表示穿着……的衣服，后面接表示衣服或者颜色的词。ThetwoforeignstudentswerebothdressedinChinesestyleclothes.那两个外国学生都穿着中式衣服。(2)vi.A.穿衣；穿(夜)礼服，后面常接副词或表示目的、场合的介词短语。\nI'llbereadyinamoment;I'mdressing.我一会儿就准备好；我正在穿衣服。Fewpeopledressfordinnernow.现在很少有人穿礼服赴宴了。Theyalldressedwell(badly).他们都穿得不错(不好)。B.dressup穿上盛装，乔装打扮(指欧美人在化装舞会或演戏时穿的特殊服装)。Don'tbothertodressup.Comeasyouare.用不着讲究穿衣服，就穿平常的衣服来吧。(3)n.女服；礼服；服装dress作“女服”、“礼服”解时是可数名词，作“服装”讲时，是不可数名词。Atthepalaceball,allthewomenworetheirsmartestdresses.☆词语比较☆1.pain,ache,hurt三词都可表示“疼痛”，但pain常作名词，有时也作动词，可指一般的疼痛。ache常作动词，指局部较持久的疼痛，是隐痛，作名词常出现在复合词中。hurt只作动词，常指精神、感情伤害，也指肉体上疼痛。Ihavepains(apain/pain)inthearm.\n我手臂痛。Hisheadacheswhentheweatherishot.天气一热，他就头痛。Iwashurtathiswords.我对他的话感到不快。Doesyourlegstillhurt?你的腿还疼吗?2.abit,alittle(1)abit和alittle在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、副词及其比较级，可以换用，表示“一点儿”。如：Thespeakerspokeupabit/alittlesoastomakehimselfheardmoreclearly.演讲者把嗓音提高一点，以便使别人听得清楚。(2)abit和alittle在否定句中，意思正好相反。notabit=notatallnotalittle=verymuch/extremelyI'mnotabittired.=I'mnottiredatall.我一点也不累。I'mnotalittletired.=I'mverytired.我非常累。(3)alittle可直接作名词的定语，而abit则要在后面加of构成短语才能作定语，二者都只能修饰不可数\n名词。There'sonlyalittle/abitoffoodleftforlunch.午餐只剩一点儿食品了。[注意]abitof的复数是bitsof，而alittle不能变复数。3.ina/oneword,inotherwords,inwords(1)ina/oneword意思是“简言之，总之”。一般作插入语，通常位于句首，用逗号与句子隔开。Inaword,wemustlearnEnglishwell.总之，我们必须学好英语。(2)inotherwords意思是“换句话说”“换言之”，常位于句首，对前面所说的话进行解释。Youfailedtheexamthistime．Inotherwords,youdidn'tpasstheexamthistime.你这次没有通过考试。换句话说，你这次考试没及格。(3)inwords意思是“用语言，口头上”，也可以写为withwords，通常位于句末。Idonotwantyousimplytopromisemewith/inwordsthatyouwillbegood.我并不要求你们只在口头上答应我你们要做好学生。\nIcan'tdescribeitin/withwords.我无法用语言来描述。4.allow,permit,let,promise(1)allow和permit都表示“允许某人做某事”，后面跟名词、动名词作宾语，跟不定式作宾补。但allow多表示“听任，不阻止或默许”，即主语对别人所做的事情置之不管，表示一种“消极”的概念。而permit多表示一种“积极”的概念，含有“给予某人某种权利”的意思，多用于正式场合。Wedon'tallowsmokinghere.我们这里不允许吸烟。Whoallowedyoutodothat?谁允许你做这件事?Permitmetosayafewwords.请允许我说几句话。Smokingisnotpermittedhere.此地不准吸烟。(2)let表示“让”，多用于口语，“允许”的意味较淡，后跟不定式作宾补时省略to。Wholetthemanentertheroom?谁让那人进来的?(3)promise“答应某人做某事”\nIpromiseyoutoleave.我答应你(我)走。[比较]Iallowyoutoleave.我允许你走。☆句型诠释☆1.Oureatinghabitshavechanged,ashasourwayoflife.我们的饮食习惯已经发生了变化，生活方式也是一样。在此句型中as相当于so，表示前一种情况也同样适合于后一种。从结构上讲so不是代用词，而是在意义上相当于too和also的副词，但常常出现在肯定句中。Heisastudent,soisshe."Ihavemadeupmymind.""SohaveI."如果是否定的形式，常用nor和neither."Idon'tlikeopera.""Neither/NordoI."在这两种结构中，前后时态保持一致。[比较]soldo和sodoI(用于对上文进一步肯定或确认。意为indeed,certainly)Youaskedmetoleave,andsoIdid.你要求我离开，我这样做了。Youaskedhimtoleave,andsodidI.\n你要他离开，我也要他离开。--Youhavespilledcoffeeonyourdress.你把咖啡洒在你的衣服上了。--Ohdear,soIhave.啊呀，我把咖啡洒在我衣服上了。Youhavespilledcoffeeonthetable,andsohaveI.你把咖啡洒在桌子上了，我也把咖啡洒在桌子上了。[注意]soitis/waswith...句型的用法。如果一句话中既有肯定的意思又有否定的意思，且时态混杂时，我们常用soitis/waswithsb.Mr.SmithcametoChinafiveyearsagoandheisusedtolivinginChinanow.Soitiswithhiswife.史密斯先生五年前来到中国，他现在习惯了中国的生活，他妻子也是一样。2.Onlyinthiswaywillwebereadyforthechallengesantiopportunitiesinlife.只有用这种方法我们才能准备迎接生活中的机遇和挑战。“Only+状语+谓语+主语+谓语的另一部分+其他”是一个典型的倒装句形式。其中的状语可以是副词，介词词组和状语从句。这种倒装句属于部分倒装，只将情态动词、助动词和系动词放在主语的前\n面，谓语动词的其他部分放在主语之后。Onlybystudyinghardcanyouimproveyourstudy.只有通过努力学习才会提高你的成绩．．Onlywhenyouare18canyouhavetherighttovote.只有你到了18岁才有选举权。[注意]Onlyteacherscanusethiscomputer.不是倒装句，在此句中only修饰的是名词。3.Eachtimewecelebrateafestival,itchangesalittle.每一次我们庆祝一个节日，我们都会改进一一点。Eachtime引导一个时间状语从句。Eachtime/Everytime/Thefirsttime/Thelasttime/Themoment/Theminute+从句+主句这是名词词组引时间状语从句的常用句型。Eachtime/EverytimeImeethim,healwayscarriesabook.我每次见他，他总是随身拿着一小书。ThelasttimeIsawtheboy,hewasreadingbytheriverside.我最后一次看到那个男孩时，他正在河边读书。Themoment/Theminuteyouseehim,pleasetellhimtheexcitingnews.你一见到他，请告诉他这个激动人心的消息。\n4.Itisnotasadday,butratheratimetocelebratethecycleoflife.它不是一个伤心的口子，而是一个庆祝生命循环的时刻。not…but意为“不是……而是”，即否定前者，肯定后者，not所连接的成分和but所连接的成分要对等，即名词对名词，动词对动词，介词短语对介词短语。Youshouldpayattentionnottowhattheysaybuttowhattheydo.你不应该注意他们说什么，而应该注意他们做什么。当not...but连接两个主语时，其谓语动词的数要求与第二个主语保持一致，也就是就近原则。NotyoubutIanltoblame.不是你而是我要受责备。5.Notallofthesearebadforus.并非所有这一些对我们都不好。该句子是部分否定形式。当all,both,everyone,everybody,everything以及every+名词都表示全部肯定；noone,none,nobody,nothing,not...any，以及no+名词都表示全部否定。但当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管not在它们之前或之后，都表\n示部分否定。Bothofthemhaven'treadthisstory.=Onlyoneofthemhasreadthisstory.并非他们俩都看过这个故事。Allbamboodoesn'tgrowtall.=Notallbamboogrowstall.=Somebamboogrowstall,butsomedoesn't.并非所有的竹子都长得高。[注意]①any所修饰的名词或由any构成的复合小定代训作主语时，谓语动词不能用否定形式。也就是说，我们只能说not...any，但不能说any…not。如：Anythingcan'tstophimgoingthere.×Nothingcanst()phimgoingthere.√任何事都不能阻止他上那儿。②总括性副词，如everywhere，always，altogether(全然地)，wholly和not连用时，也表示部分否定。例：Suchathingcan'tbefoundeverywhere.这种事并非到处可见。Suchathingcanbefoundnowhere.这种事什么地方也见不到。6.Thereseemstobenootherchoice.\n似乎没有其它的选择。在Therebe的句型中，可用其他的动词。如：Thereusedtobe曾经有.../happentobe碰巧有……Thereseem/apperatobe似乎有……Therehappenedtobeatrafficjam,soIwastwentyminuteslatethismorning.今天早晨碰巧有一起交通堵塞，因而我迟到了20分钟。Thereseemstoberaining,forthereisblackcloudinthesky．天似乎要下雨了，因为天上有乌云。☆精典题例☆()1.--____DavidandVicky____married?--Foraboutthreeyear.(2003北京)A.Howlongwere;beingB.Howlonghave;gotC.Howlonghave;beenD.Howlongdid;get【解析】选C本题考查1.延续性动词的用法。2.动词短语bemarried，getmarried的区别。根据回答"Foraboutthreeyears."可知应提问两人结婚(到现在)已多久了，须用现在完成时，排除A、D两项；再排除B项，getmarried当作非延续性动词使用，不能和表示一段时间的\n状语连用，不能用Howlong来提问。Bemarried表示延续的状态。()2.Itisbelievedthatifabookis____,itwillsurely____thereader.(2003上海)A.interested;interestB.interesting;interestedC.interested;beinterestingD.interesting;interest【解析】选D本题考查动词interest及它的非谓语动词的不同意义，首先interest可做动词用，表示“让人产生兴趣”，其次interesting为adj.，表示“令人感兴趣的”，而interested也为adj.，表示“某人感到有意思，对……发生了兴趣”。根据题意，故选D。()3.--Whenshallwestart?--Let's____,it8:30.Isthatallright?(2002北京)A.setB.meetC.makeD.take【解析】选C本题考查固定词组“makeit”。意思为“实现目标．成功”。本题意为“确定时间在8点半”。()4.Allthepeople____atthepartywerehissupporters.(2002北京)\nA.presentB.thankfulC.interestedD.important【解析】选A本题考查形容词短语presentattheparty作定语，题中的present是形容词，表示“出席的、到场的”意思时，作定语常常后置。()5.____youcallmetosayyou'renotcoming,I'llseeyouatthetheatre.(2004全国)A.ThoughB.WhetherC.UntilD.Unless【解析】选D此题考查连词的非谓语形式的用法。根据上下文的意思及逻辑关系，可知答案为D(Unless=Ifnot)。()6.Let'skeeptothepointorwe____anydecisions.(2004全国)A.willneverreachB.haveneverreachedC.neverreachD.neverreached【解析】选A句型“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”中，陈述句部分的时态用一般将来时。()7.Ilike____intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandhright.(2004全国)A.thisB.thatC.itD.one\n【解析】选Cit指代天气。()8.--Youforgotyourpursewhenyouwentout.--Goodheavens____.(2002上海)A.sodidIB.soIdidC.IdidsoD.Isodid【解析】选B本题主要考查选项A和选项B的区别：选项A表示“也一样”，而选项B表示“赞同”，所以根据题意应选Ijl()9.MrsBlackdoesn'tbelievehersonisabletodesignadigitalcamera,____?(2002上海)A.isheB.isn'theC.doesn'tsheD.doesshe【解析】选D本题要考查的是考生能否找出句中的主语是谁：MrsBlackdoesn'tbelieve这是主句的主语和谓语。而hersonis...是宾语从句，所以反意疑问句应根据主句的主语和谓语来提出。故答案为D。若这种句型的主句主语为第一人称，反意疑问句应根据从句的主语和谓语来提出。如：Ithink/believe/suppose/guess/wonder则：Ithinkweareoutofdanger,aren'twe?()10.Somepassengerscomplainthatitusually____solongtofillintravelinsurancedocuments.(2003上海)\nA.costsB.takesC.spendsD.spares【解析】选Bcost常用物来做主语。表示“花费”或“代价”，"spend"和"spare"的主语，通常都为人，分别为“花费”和“匀出”之意，而take做花费解时，主语通常都为it，故选B。\n\nChapter8SBIUnits15-16☆重点句型☆1.Thereisnodoubtthat...2.Itisdangerousorbadforyourhealth.3.Iwouldrathernottellyou.4.PierreandIdidhaveagoodtimeattheball.5.Itwasworthfivehundredfrancsatmost.6.ThemoneywouldbebetterspentbuildingmoreroadsorrailwaysinotherpartsofChina.7.Fastenakeytotheendofthelongstring.☆重点词汇☆1.recognize/recognisev.认出；识别2.surelyadv.确实3.francn.法郎4.lovelyadj.好看的；可爱的5.debtn.债务；欠款6.besidesprep.除……之外；adv．此外\n7.outlinen.轮廓；要点8.alienadj.外国的；n.外星人9.earnv.赚得；挣得10.provev.证明11.qualityn.质量；品质12.tearv.撕扯13.advantagen.优点；优势14.disadvantagen.不利；弊端15.chargev.使充电；控告；攻击16.successfuladj.成功的；胜利的17.experimentn.实验；试验18.continuev.继续19.attendv.出席20.shockv.打击；震动21.doubtn.怀疑22.comfortn.舒适；安慰23.positiveadj.肯定的；积极的24.economyn.经济25.unnecessaryadj.不必要的26.sharpadj.锐利的；锋利的27.footn.英尺，足feet(复数)28.electricaladj.电的\n29.preciousadj.贵重的；宝贵的30.crueladj.残酷的☆重点短语☆1.bringback拿回来；使恢复2.comeupwith想出或提出(答案、办法)3.payoff还清；付清4.teston在……(身上)做实验5.takeup从事于；占据(时间或空间)6.protect...from...保护；免受7.makeuseof利用8.payforsth付……钱；受到惩罚9.breakthelaws犯法10.makealistof列出11.inmyopinion依我之见12.pickout辨别出；挑出13.stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事14.agreatdealof大量的；很多的15.protect...from...保护……免受……16.playarole扮演角色17.pull...from从……拉／拖18.fallasleep入睡19.getkilled丧命；被杀\n20.awasteof浪费……☆交际用语☆1.Itcan'tbetree.2.Iwouldrathernottellyou.3.Doesthatmatter?4.Itisgoodfortheeconomy.5.Itcanhelpmanypeopleinthefuture.6.Itiscleananddoesnotpollutetheair.7.Itisimportantforscience.8.Itbringspeoplecomfort.9.Itistooexpensive.10.Itisdangerousorhadforyourhealth.☆单词聚焦☆4.attendvt.出席，参加；照顾；注意attendancen.出席attendantn.服务员Theyattendedouraffairsduringourabsence.他们在我们不在时管理我们的事务。Somanypeopleattendedthemeeting.很多人出席了这次会议。Theoldladyhasagoodnurseattendingher.这位老太太有一位好护士照顾她。\nHeattendedmyeverywordinclass.上课时他倾听我的每一句话。【考点6】attract的用法▲构词：①attractionn.吸引，吸引力，吸引人的事物②attractiveadj.吸引人的，有魅力的③attractivelyadv.动人地，迷人地▲搭配：attractsb'sattention引起…注意【考例6】[2004全国IV]Finally,Iwas____byhislivelysenseofhumor.A.disturbedB.movedC.attractedD.defeated[考查目标]本题考查attract的词义。[答案与解析]C句意是“我被他的幽默感所吸引”。3.besidesprep.除……之外(还有)adv．此外besides具有附加性质，用于否定句中可以与except,but换用。BesidesEnglish,heknowsthreeotherlanguages.除了英语之外，他还懂三种语言。Nobodyknowsitbesides/except/butme.除了我以外，准也不知道那件事。5.chargev.充电；索价；攻击；控诉\nDoesyourcarbatterychargeeasily?你的车电池充电容易吗?Howmuchdoyouchargeforyouroldcar?你的旧车要价多少?Suddenlythetigerchargedatme.突然老虎向我冲过来。Johnwaschargedwithmurder.约翰被控犯谋杀罪。相关词组：freeofcharge免费的inchargeof负责；掌管in/underthechargeof由……管理【考点4】charge的用法▲搭配：①chargesb.somemoneyfor为……向某人索取／收取多少钱②chargeoneselfwith承担(工作)，接受(任务)③atone'sowncharge(s)/expenses自费，用自己的钱④put…downtosb'scharge把……记在某人账上⑤incharge主管，负责；在拘留中⑥inchargeof负责，经管，照顾⑦in/underthechargeofsb由某人负责，由某人照料／管理\n⑧takecharge(of)负责，照料，保管等；掌管，接办12.conductn.行为，操行therulesofconduct行为准则foolishconduct愚蠢的行为Hewasscoldedbecauseofhisbadconduct.v.引导，管理，指挥，售票Copperconductselectricitybetterthanothermaterialsdo.铜比其它材料要容易导电。She'sconductedonbusesfor10years.她在公共汽车上当了10年售票员。【考点3】conduct的用法▲构词：①conductionn.传导，导电；输送，传播，引流②conductorn.领导者，经理，乐队指挥，(电车或公共汽车)售票员，列车员▲搭配：conductoneselfwell行为端证▲辨析：conduct；guide；lead三者作为动词比较一般的含义是“领”、“导”或“引”。conduct具体名词conductor(①向导②公共汽车等的“售票员”)；表示“指导”、“引导”时含有明显的主从关系，即被引导者不服从是不可以的。例如：\nThepolicemaneventuallyhadhishandstiedupandconductedhimtoashelter.警察最后把他的双手绑了起来并把他带到一个防空洞。guide(抽象名词guidance，具体名词guide“向导”)是通用词，可以用于“为别人带路”、“指导别人的学习、品行修养”，它的内涵是避免走弯路或遇到危险。例如：Thousandsoflanternsslowlydriftouttoseaguidingthedeadontheirreturnjourneytotheotherworld.数干只灯笼慢慢向大海漂去，给死人返回阴间指明道路。HeisnowstudyingundertheguidanceofProfessorGreen.他现在正在格林教授的指导下学习。lead(抽象名词leadership“领导”，具体名词leader“领袖”、“领队”)可以表示“领导”、“带路”，但它总含有领导者走在前面．而把被领导者控制在自己的权威之下，或被领导者处于秩序井然的状态中的意思。例如：Ourguideledusthroughaseriesofcaves.我们的向导带领着我们穿过一个接一个的洞穴。【考例3】[NMET2003·完形]...whenI'dhavepredic-tedthescoretobeabout9to1inmyfavor,itwasin-stead7to9--andEdwas____.A.leadingB.comingC.waitingD.counting\n[考查目标]本题考查conduct以及近义词的用法。[答案与解析]Aleading在本句中有形容词性，意思是“领先的”。【考点2】continue的用法▲构词：①continuousadj.连续的．持续的②continuouslyadv.不断地，连续地▲搭配：①continuedoingsth/todosth继续做某事②continue(with)sth继续做某事▲辨析：continue，last都含“继续”、“延续”的意思。continue指“持续而无终止”，通常强调“不间断”。例如：continueone'swork继续工作last指“持久”、“延续”。例如：Therainwillnotlastlong.这雨不会持续很久。【考例2】[2003北京春招]They____toseeeachotheraroundschool,hadlunchtogetheronceortwo,andthenbothendedupfromthesamehighschool.A.continuedB.agreedC.forcedD.offered[考查目标]本题考查continue的词义。[答案与解析]Acontinue的宾语多种多样，它的意思\n是“继续”。【考点7】control的用法▲构词：①controlledadj.受约束的．克制的②controllern.管理员，控制器▲搭配：①incontrol(of)控制②undercontrol受控制③outofcontrol失控，不能操纵④have/keepcontrol(of/over)可以控制⑤losecontrol(of)失去(对……的)控制⑥takecontrols(of)管辖，管理，控制【考例7】[2004重庆]Everyonewastooafraidtogoinbecausethefirewas____,soIwentin.A.outofcontrolB.undercontrolC.incontrolD.overcontrol[考查目标]本题考查control搭配的用法和意思。[答案与解析]Aoutofcontrol的意思是“失去控制”。16.doubtn.怀疑vt.怀疑[拓展]doubtfuladj.令人生疑的Idon'tdoubtthathe'llcome.Thereisnodoubtthatyou'llsucceed.\n[搭配]without(a)doubt毫无疑问地，确实地indoubt感到怀疑nodoubt无疑；很可能【考点5】doubt的用法▲构词：①doubtfuladj.怀疑的，疑心的；不能确定的，可疑的②doubtfullyadv.怀疑地，含糊地③doubtlessadj.无疑的，确定的adv.无疑地．确定地▲搭配：①beyond/past(all)doubt(常作插入语)毫无疑问②cast/throwdoubton...对…产生怀疑，使人对…产生怀疑③hangindoubt悬而未决。还不能确定④indoubt感到怀疑，拿不准；被怀疑，悬而未决⑤nodoubt无疑地，很可能⑥without(a)doubt无疑地⑦be/feeldoubtfulof/about.../that-clause怀疑▲友情提示：doubt常表示“怀疑”，其后接名词从句时，主句为疑问句和否定句时，从旬常用连词that,butthat。主句为旨定句从句一般用连接词whether,ifwhat,when等。如主句为肯定句而从句用连词that，则往往表示“非常怀疑、不相信”。\n【考例5】(2005广东)Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt____acureforAIDSwillbefound.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether[考查目标]doubt的用法。[答案与解析]Bnodoubt后为同位语从句，that作为引导词，不充当句子成分。2.earnvt.赚得；挣得；赢得Ihadnotearnedonepennywithituptothemoment.到目前为止我还没有赚到一分钱。Hisvictoriesinthewarsearnedhimthetitleof"TheGreat".他百战百胜赢得了“常胜将军”的称号。[拓展]earnone'sliving谋生earnings赚得的钱Sheearnedalivingbysinginginanightclub.她靠在夜总会唱歌谋生。14.provevt.证明，证实Howdidyouprovethathewasthethief?Thefingerprintsontheknifecanprovehimthemurdurer.[注意]prove还常用作系动词，意为“证明是，结果是”。\nThedrugproved(tobe)highlyeffective.Whathesaidproved(tobe)true.1.reeognisevt.识别，认出；承认，认可reeognisableadj.可认出的；可识别的recognitionn.认识，认出；承认Irecognizedherbyherredhat.我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。Herecognizedhislackofqulifacationforthepost.他承认了自已不够条件承担那个职务。IrecognisehimtobeclevererthanIam.=IrecxgnisethatheisclevererthanIam.我承认他比我更聪明。【考点1】recognize的用法▲构词：recognitionn.赞誉，承认，重视，公认，赏识，识别▲搭配：①recognizesbas/tobe...承认／公认某人……②beyond/outofrecognition完全改了模样，面目全非③escaperecognition使人认不出【考例1】[2002北京]OneoftheprocessesofgrowinguDisbeingableto____andovercomeourfears．A.realizeB.remember\nC.recognizeD.recover[考查目标]本题考查recognize的意思。[答案与解析]C在本句中recognize的意思是“认清”。13.shockn.打击，震惊，震动vt.使震惊，使惊愕[拓展]shockingadj.令人震惊的Shewaswhitewithshock.Thenewsofherhusband'sdeathwasaterribleshocktoher.Itshockedmetoseehowmyneighbourstreatedtheirchildren.见到邻居们这样对待孩子，我吃了一惊。[注意]be/getshockedMrSmithgotshockedwhenhetouchedthewire.史密斯先生触到电线时遭到电击。15.tear(tore，torn)vt.&vi.撕碎Hetoretheletterintopieces.Shewassoangrythatshetorethepictureinhalf.Thisclothtearseasily.[搭配]tearsth.down拆除；拆毁tearsth.up撕碎【考点8】worth的用法▲构词：\n①worthlessadj.无价值的，无益的②worthwhileadj.值得做的．值得出力的③worthyadj.应得某事物；值得做某事；有价值的，可敬的，相称的▲搭配：①beworthnotice/thetrouble(抽象名词)值得注意／费点事②be(well)worthdoing某事(很)值得一做▲友情提示：此时worth后的动名词的主动式具有被动的含义。③It's(well)worthdoingsth做某事是(很)值得的④worthit值得花费时间／精力，值得一千，有必要【考例8】[2005北京西城模拟]--HowmuchistheT-shirt____?--65dollars.A.worthB.costC.worthyD.paid[考查目标]本题考查worth的基本用法。[答案与解析]A加worth的后面可以接表示价格的名词，就可以用howmuch来提问。[牛刀小试1]用所给单词的适当形式填空：(recognize,continue,conduct,charge,control,at—\ntract,worth,doubt)1.Imeanttobuytheclock,buttheseller____toomuch.2.YouhavecutyourhairsoshortthatIcanhardly____you.3.____bythebeautyofnature,theystayedinHangzhouforanotherthreedays.4.Theyaretooweak.I____whethertheycanbearthebadclimate.5.Theplaneoutof___,crashedinthevalleyatlast.6.IwillaskMr.Brownto____ourcompanyin-steadofmyuncle.7.Nobodyknowshowmuchtheportraitis8.Wetwoleftbutthemeetingstill☆词语比较☆1.because,since,as,for,nowthat它们都可以被用来引导原因状语从句，其中(1)because语气最强，一般指事情发生的直接原因，回答提问，一般放在主句之后。Becausehewasill,hewaslateforschool.他生病了，所以迟到了。\nWemuststayathomebecauseitrained.(2)since较弱，指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原因，泽为“既然”，侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已知的理由。Sinceyoudon'tlikeit,I'llputitaway.既然你不喜欢，我就把它放在一边。(3)as“由于，鉴于”，指客观事实，常与since互换使用。Astherewasnoanswer,Iwroteagain.鉴于没回复，我又写了一封信。(4)for是并列连词，不说明直接原因而是对某种情况加以推断，其引导的分句前常有逗号。Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.他…定是生病了，因为他今天没来。(5)nowthat用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推论。Nowthatyouareready,we'llstartatonce.既然你已经准备好了，我们马上开始。2.continue,goon两者都有“继续”的意思。(1)continuetodo/doingsth.表示“不停地做某事”，goontodosth.则表示“接着做另一件事情”，goondoingsth.表示“继续做同一件事情”，它可指中断后\n的继续，也可指不中断的继续。(2)continue后可直接跟名词，而goon后须加介词，才能接名词。(3)continue可用作系动词，goon不可。(4)continue后可接介词短语，表示仍在某地或某个职位，而goon不可。Thebabycontinuedtocry/cryingallnight.这个婴儿哭了一夜。It'stimeforclass.Let'sgoonlearningLesson5.上课了，我们继续上第五课。Hecontinuesagoodfriendofmine.他仍是我的一个好朋友。[拓展]tobemntinued待续(用于报刊上连载的文章等)3.worth,worthy,worthwhile这三个形容词在使用时，容易混淆，worth只能作表语，后面常跟名词、代词或动名词的主动形式，worthy的意思是“值得的”“配得上的”“可敬的”，作表语或定语，作表语时，构成以下词组：beworthyofbeingdone/beworthytobedone。worthwhile作“值得的，合算的”讲，只能作表语。这个问题值得讨论。Theproblemisworthdiscusaing/discussion.\nTheproblemisworthyofbeingdiscussed/tobediscussed.Theproblemisworthyofdiscussion.Itisworthwhiletodiscuss/discussingtheproblem.【短语归类】10.act...out把……表演出来；把……付诸行动Everyonelaughedwhenheactedouttheepisode.当他绘声绘色描绘那件事时，大家哄堂大笑。Theyactuallyactedouttheirideal．他们确实把自己的理想变成了行动。actagainst违反actas担任；充当acton奉行；对……起作用actup出毛病；捣乱7.afterall毕竟；终究这个词组有两个含意：“要知道……”；“别忘了……”，表示说话人对别人的态度，用来说服或提醒对方，引出听话人似乎忘记了的某个重要的论点或理由，在表这个意思时，一般把afterall放在句首。该词组还表示“终究”，在表示这层意思时，afteraIl一般放于句末。Ithinkweshouldlethergoonholidayalone.After\nall,sheisfifteenandsheisn'tachildanymore.我想应该让她独自去度假，(要知道)她毕竟已经15岁，不再是小孩了。Mathildethoughtitwasadiamondnecklace,butitwasn'tarealoneafterall.玛蒂尔德原以为那足一条钻石项链，但那终归不是真的钻石项链。11.at(the)most最多；至多Icanpayonlyfifteenpoundsatthemost.我最多只能付15英镑。Thisisworth3000yuanatthemost.这个最多值3000元。[拓展]at(the)least至少；最少8.bringback拿回来；使恢复Ifyouaregoingshopping,pleasebringbackatubeoftoothpaste?要是你上街，请买一支牙膏回来。Hiswordsbroughtthewholeeventback.他的话使人想起了整个事件。bringout生产；制造bringup养育；教育bringabout引起；致使\nbringdown使落下6.callon/upon访问，看望，拜访，要求，号召LastnightIcalledonMr.Blackandhadalongtalk.昨晚我拜访了布莱克先生，并同他作r长时间谈话。Thesalesmancalledonourcompanytwiceamonth.这位推销员每月来我们公司两次。Mr.ReadcalledonustolearnfromPeter.雷德先生号召我们向彼得学习。与call相关的词组：callafter以……的名字而命名callat访问，拜访callfor要求；需求callout大声喊叫callup提醒9.payoff还清(债务)；付清Ittookussixyearstopayoffthatjudgment.我们花了六年才还清债务。I'llcertainlypayyoubackforwhatyoudidtome.你那样对待我，我一定要回敬你的。【考点3】pick构成的短语①pickout挑出，辨认出②pickup拾起，捡起，(用车)接，恢复(健康)，中途搭载\n③pickoff摘下来④pickat少量地吃，老是挑剔(某人)⑤pick&choose挑三拣四[例句]Mysisterisgoingwithmetohelpmepickoutanewsuit.我姐姐要陪我去挑一件新衣服。Theyshowedtheirdispleasurebycontinuallypickingather.他们不断挑剔她，表明了他们不满。Henry'sbeenill,buthe'spickingupagainnow.亨瑞病了，但是很快又恢复了健康。【考例3】(NMET1997)She____hisnumberinthephonebooktomakesurethatshehadgotitright．A.lookedupB.lookedforC.pickedoutD.pickedup[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的用法。[答案与解析]Alookup向上看，查找，查寻；lookfor寻找；pickout挑出来；pickup拾起。本句话的意思为“她在电话簿中找电话号码以便确信她是对的”。17.pickout挑出；辨别出；使显眼Icanpickoutmysisterinthecrowd.我能在人群中认出我妹妹。Thehousesinthepaintingwerepickedoutinwhite.画中的房子在白色衬托下愈发突出。\n[注意]与pick搭配的词组有：pickup拿起，拾起，恢复；pickover检查【考点1】含“介词at+(冠词)+名词短语”①attheheadof在……最前头②atmidnight在半夜③atpresent现在，目前④atonce立刻，马上⑤atbreakfast早餐时⑥atfirst起先，首先⑦atschool在学校，在上学⑧athome在家⑨atnight在晚上⑩atthemoment此刻⑩attheendof在……结尾．到……尽头⑩atthesametime同时⑩attimes有时，偶尔⑩atall一点也不⑩atlast最后，起码⑩atsea在海上，茫然．奠名其妙⑥attheageof在……岁数时⑩atthebeginningof...起初，开始⑩at(the)most至多\n④atatime每次①atonetime过去有段时间，曾经◎atwork在工作④ataloss茫然⑨athospital住院④at(the)least至少[例句]Apolicemandroveattheheadoftheprocession.一名警察在游行的队伍前开着车。Atfirsthewasalittleshyinclass,butnowheactsmorenaturally.起初在班里他有点害羞．但是现在自然多了。Ifyoufindanythingnottoyourlikingyouwilltellmeatonce?如果你发现你不喜欢的东西，马上告诉我好吗?Atonetime1usedtoplayalotofsport,butIseemtohavelostinterestnow.我曾经喜爱运动，但是现在好像失去了兴趣。Ifeelalittlenervousattimes.有时我的确感到有些紧张。Themealcametoanendatlast,andMr.Lirose.这顿饭终于吃完了，李先生站了起来。Idon'tunderstandpolitics:I'matseawhenpeopletalkaboutthegovernment.我不懂政治，当人们谈论政府\n时，我就茫然了。【考例l】(NMET1994)Don'tallspeakatonce!____please．A.EachatonetimeB.OnebyonetimeC.OneforeachtimeD.Oneatatime[考查目标]此题主要考查time短语的用法。[答案与解析]Datatime每次；oneattime每次一个；“一个接一个”应该用onebyone,不可以在后面加lime；atonetime过去有段时间，曾经。本句话意思是“不要都同时讲话，一个一个的说!”【考点2】与“数量”有关的短语①afew一些，几个②aseriesof一连串的。一系列③abit(of)少量的，一点，也不④apairrof一对，一双⑤abottleof一瓶⑥aglassof一杯⑦apieceof一件⑧akindof一种⑨alittle一点\n⑩alotof/lotsof许多⑥plentyof许多，大量的⑥anumberof许多⑩thenumberof...…的数量⑩agreatdealof许多，大量⑩abasinof一盆⑩abowlof一碗⑥abasketof一篮⑩abucketof一桶⑩ahandfulof一把⑩amouthfulof一口[例句]Aseriesofrainydaysspoiledourvacation.一连串的阴雨天破坏了我们的假期。Therelayapairofglassesonthedesk.在课桌上放着一副眼镜。Therewasplentyofworkforgirlsofherage.对于她这个年龄的女孩来说，有很多工作。Agreatnumberofciviliansweremurderedinthewar.大量的平民在战争中被杀害。Shethoughtthatherfriendmusthavebeenthroughagreatdealoftrouble.她想她的朋友肯定经历了许多麻烦事。\n【考例2】(NMET1996)Thenumberofpeopleinvited____fifty，butanumberofthem____absentfordifferentreasons．A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were[考查目标]此题主要考查主谓一致。[答案与解析]C“thenumberof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“anumberof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。[牛刀小试2]根据所给汉语句子的意思完成英语句子，每空只填一个词。1.她费尽力气想看懂那些说明文字，却全然不知所云。Shetriestounderstandtheinstructions，butshewas____________.2.不要什么事情都一块儿干，要一次做一点儿。Don'ttrytodoeverything____;takeitabit____.3.这家出版社出版了一套新的英语学习读物。Thepublishinghousehaspublished________________Englishlearningmaterials.4.这裤子花了30美元，比预料的要贵得多。Thesetrousers____$30________,\nwhichwasmuchmoreexpensivethan____.5.病人在医院住了好长一段时间，人们建议他去海边恢复健康。．Afterstayinginhospitalforlong,thepatientwas____togototheseasideto________hishealth．☆句型诠释☆1.英语句型中的否定前移在英语中，如果主句的动词是think,suppose,expect,believe,imagine之类的动词，而且主语又是第一人称，宾语从句要表达否定，其否定形式应迁移到主句。但是，如果构成反意疑问句时，要把否定形式再迁移到从句中去，以从句为准。Idon'tthinkyou'reright.我认为你不对。Idon'tsupposeIshallbebackuntil9o'clock.我想几点以前我回不来。Idon'tthinkyouranswerisright,isit?我认为你的回答不对，是不是?2.助动词do强调谓语动词的用法在肯定句中，助动词do可用来强调谓语动词，带有感情色彩，可译成“真的，的确”。Youdolooknicetoday.\n你今天看起来真漂亮。Wedidneedhelpthosedays.在那些日子里我们的确需要帮助。3.be(was/were)todo此结构表示安排、命令、职责、义务、目的、用途、可能性、命中注定等。Youaretobebaekbv11o'clock.你得在11点钟前回来。(命令)IamtoinformyouthatthemeetingwillbeheldinHangzhou.我谨通知你会议在杭州举行。(职责)Aknifeistocutwith.刀是用来切割的。(用途)Theywerenevertomeetagain.他们注定以后永远不会见面。(命中注定)Ifthereistobepeace,wemusttryineverywaytopreventwar.要和平，就得想一切办法制止战争。(可能性)4.祈使句+and+陈述句结构在这种句子结构中，祈使句表示条件，陈述句表示结果，它相当于Ifyou...,youwill...，另外，祈使句+or+陈述句结构表示：If(not)...,youwill，有时候，\n祈使句中的动词可省略。Workharder,andyou'llfinditnotdifficulttolearn.再用功一点，你就会发现它不难写。Hurryup,oryouwillbelate.快一点，否则你会迟到。Moreeffort,andyoucanfinishitintime.再加把劲，你会按时完成它。【句型归纳】【考点1】PierreandIdidhaveaverygoodtimeattheball.皮埃尔与我确实在舞会上玩得很开心。该句中的did为助动词，加强谓语动词have的语气。在“助动词do/does/did+动词原形”结构中，助动词do/does/did意思是“确实，的确，一定”。常常用在肯定句或祈使句中，起加强语气的作用。有人称和时态的变化。例如：Dosendmee-mailimmediatelyyouarriveatBeijing.你一到北京，一定要给我发电子邮件。Hedoessmoketwopacksofcigaretteseveryday.他确实每天抽两包烟。Thecompanyearnedmuchmorethismonththanitdidlastmonth.公司本月赚的钱要比上个月多得多。【考例1】(NMET2000)Anawfulaccident____,\nhowever,occurtheotherday.A.doesB.didC.wastoD.hadto[考查目标]对句子中谓语的强调。[答案与解析]B助动词do(does用于第三人称)用于对现在时态的强调；did用于对过去时态的强调，后面均接动词原形。【考点2】Intheeighteenthcentury,BenjaminFranklinconductedanumberofexperimentsinwhichheshowedwhatelectricityis.18世纪。本杰明·富兰克林做了一系列的试验，以证明电是什么。注意：该句子中的anumberof作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Anumberofchildrenplayvideogamesonline.很多的孩子在网上玩电子游戏。anumberof意思是“许多，数目”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。thenumberof意思是“数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Anumberofpeopleprefertosendinge-maileachothert0writingletters.许多人更愿意发电子邮件，而不愿意写信。Thenumberofmiludeerisincreasingyearbyyear.麋\n鹿的数目在逐年增加。【考例2】(NMET1996)Thenumberofpeopleinvited____fifty，butanumberofthem____absentfnrdifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were[考查目标]主谓一致。[答案与解析]C根据以上的解释，应该选was；were。【考点3】HavingrealizedthatIcoulduseakitetoattractIightning,Idecidedtodoanexperiment.意识到可以用风筝引来闪电之后，我便决定做个实验。该句中的havingrealized是v-ing形式的完成式在句中作状语。v-ing形式在句中的主要作用是作状语，havingdone表示非谓语动词的动作先于渭语动词的动作，而且要注意非谓语与句子主语之间存在着主动关系时，用hav—ingdone；非谓语与句子主语之间存在着被动关系时，用havingbeendone；其否定形式是在v-ing前加not。例如：Havingfinishedhishomework,theboydecidedtoplayfootballforawhile.做完了作业．他决定去踢一会儿球。\nNothavingcleanedtheclassroom,theycouldn'tgohome.还没有打扫完教室，他们还不能回家。Havingbeenpraisedinclass,thegirlfeltveryhappy.那个姑娘在班上得到表扬，感到很高兴。【考例3】(2001上海春招)____fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.A.SufferedB.SufferingC.HavingsufferedD.Beingsuffered[考查目标]非谓语动词v-ing。[答案与解析]Cv-ing形式的逻辑主语是ProfessorWhite，ProfessorWhite和suffer之间存在着主动关系，而且根据，foryears，表示suffer的动作持续换了多少年，所以用v-ing完成式表示原因。[牛刀小试3]1.He____totherailwaystation,onlytofindthetrainhadbeenawayfor5hours.A.didgoB.hadgoneC.hadtogoD.hasgone2.____carefulwhilecrossingthestreet.A.YourbeingB.TobeC.DobeD.Being\n3.____ofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeoplearepersuadedtoeatmorefruitandvegetables.A.Thenumber15.AnumberC.AlotofD.Many4.____inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsudden-lyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.(2004)A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited【交际速成】【考点1】Askingforpermission征求许可(2004广东)DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?…Ifeelabitcold．A.ofcoursenot.B.I'dratheryoudidn't.C.Goahead.D.Whynot?[答案与解析]B本题考查对征求许可的应答用语。根据所提供的情景“Ifeelabitcold”，说明对方不愿意把窗户打开，所以B项符合语境。【归纳】英语中常见表达征求许可的用语有：\n①CouldWe/I...?②May/CanI...?③Shalll/we...?④Isitpossible...?⑤Do/Wouldyoumind...?⑥Isitallrightiflsithere?⑦IwonderifIcouldsmokehere.应答用语有：①Yes,please．②Sure/Certainly．③That'sallright.④Ofcourse,youcan/may.⑤Pleasedo.⑥Goahead,please.⑦I'msorry,it'snotallowed.⑧I'mafraidnot.⑨You'dbetternot.【考点2】Givinginstructions发出指令(2004湖北)____followtheinstructionsgivenatthetopofthepage.A.You'resureB.BesuretoC.SuretoD.Sureabout\n[答案与解析]B本题考查表达指令的功能意念。此句Besuretodo意为“务必做……”，所以B项正确。【归纳】英语中发出指令时常用祈使句式，例如：A.①Buildtheframeofthekitebymaking...②Tiethecornersofthehandkerehieftothepointsofthecross...③AddatailtotheframeandtieaIongstringtothecross...④First,fixasharppieceofmetal...Second,fastenakeytotheendofthelongstring...Third,tieasilkribbontothestring...⑤Flythekitewhen...B.Don'ttouchanythingunlessyourteachertellsyouto.【考点3】Discussingandevaluatingprosandcons讨论和评估赞成与反对--It'smoreexpensivetoliveinthecitythantoliveinthecountry,Ithink.--____.Livinginthecitybringspeoplemorecon—venience,though.A.You'rewrong\nB.I'msorrytohearthatC.Icouldn'tagreemoreD.That'sallright[答案与解析]C本题考查讨论和评估赞成与反对的功能项目。根据所提供的情景“livinginthecitybringspeoplemoreconvenience,though.”，时话一方首先赞成另一方的观点，同时表述了自己的看法。所以C项符合语境。【归纳】讨论和评估赞成与反对时，英语中使用下列说法，例如：阐述优点(advantages)时：①It'sgoodfortheeconomy.②Itcanhelpmanypeopleinthefuture.③Itiscleaninganddoesnotpollutetheair.④Itisimportantforscience.⑤Itbringspeoplemorecomfort.指出缺点(disadvantages)时：①Itistooexpensive.②Itisdangerousorbadforyourhealth.③Itisbadfortheenvironment.④Itisunnecessary.⑤Somepeoplewmuseitforotherthings.\n[牛刀小试4]B.OK!C.Isthatreallynecessary?D.That'sit.4.--Don'tmakeanynoise.Mychildissleeping.--____.A.No,Idon'tB.Oh,I'msorryC.Yes,IknowD.Ididn'tdothatthing☆精典题例☆()1.Sometimesitwasabitboringtoworktherebecausetherewasn'talways____muchtodo．(2004广东)A.suchB.thatC.moreD.very【解析】选B本题考查that作副词的用法，在这里that是副词，等于so，有“那么”之意，much后面省略了work。()2."Wecan'tgooutinthisweather,"saidBob,____outofthewindow.(2004全国卷)A.lookingB.tolookC.lookedD.havinglooked\n【解析】选A此题考查非谓语动词的用法，从句子意思及结构来看，此处应用现在分词做伴随状语。()3.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears____everything.A.tellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold【解析】选D本题考查动词不定式的用法，不定式有一般式、进行式和完成式，还有主动和被动形式。一般式表示动作发生在谓语动词之后，进行式表示动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。()4.Yes.____morewordsandexpressionsandyouwmfinditeasiertOreadandcommunicate.(2004上海)A.KnowB.KnowingC.ToknowD.Known【解析】选A本题考查祈使句+and+陈述句结构。()5.Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.Ifnot,youmay____runoverbyacar.(2002北京)A.haveB.getC.becomeD.turn\n【解析】选B本题考查get+过去分词的用法，get+过去分词经常用在口语中表被动语态，强调动作突然发生或未曾料到的事态的结果。()6.MrSmith,____ofthe____speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring【解析】选Atiredof表示“对……感到厌烦”，作原因状语和主语是被动关系。boring是现在分词作定语修饰speech，和speech是主动关系，等于thespeechwhichwasboring。()7.--DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?--____.Ifeelabitcold.(2004广东)A.OfcoursenotB.I'dratheryoudidn'tC.GoaheadD.Whynot【解析】选B在回答Doyoumind...时，如果表示反对，应用委婉说法。()8.I'dliketobuyahouse-modern,comfortable,and____inaquietneighborhood.A.inallB.aboveallC.afterallD.atall【解析】选Baboveall意为“最重要的是”，其它短语\n意思不符合。()9.____inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.(2004北京)A.ToWaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited【解析】选C现在分词的完成式表示此动作在主句谓语动词之前。()10.Idoeverysinglebitofhousework____myhusbandBobjustdoesthedishesnowandthen.(2004全国卷)A.sinceB.whileC.whenD.as【解析】选Bwhile“然而，却”，表示对比关系。\n\n\nChapter9SBIUnits17-18☆重点句型☆1.Whatistobedonewhensomethinggetsintoyoureyes?2.Itismuchtooexpensive.3.It'sfastandcleananditdoes.4.Iwasbeginningto,thinkthattheexperimentwouldnotwork.5.Tiethecornerofthehandkerchieftothepointsofthecrossandyouwillhaveanicestrongkite.6.Ithasoftenbeensaidthatlifeisdifficultasitis.7.Forwomenitsometimesseemstwiceasmuch.8.Ihadtraveledonlytwohoursonedaywhenthewinds\nincreasedsomuchthatIhadtoputmytentupbeforethewindsbecametoostrong.☆重点词汇☆1.scholarshipn.奖学金；学问2.graduationn.毕业3.surroundv.包围；围绕4.centraladj.中心的；中央的5.mildadj.温和的6.settlevt.使定居；解决；使平静7.harbourn.海港8.volcanon.火山9.surfacen.表面10.shipv.用船运11.exportv.输出12.agriculturaln.农业的；农艺的13.possessionn.拥有；占有14.secretaryn.秘书；文书15.conferencen.会议；讨论会16.cattlen.牛；牲畜17.inspirev.鼓舞；启示；激发18．admirev.钦佩；羡慕19.generousadj.慷慨的；大方的\n20.meanadj．吝啬的；卑鄙的21.dishonestadj.不诚实的22.championn.冠军；得胜者23.stormyadj.暴风雨的24.threatenvt.威胁25.bottomn.底部26.optimisticadj.乐观的27.somehowadv.以某种方式；不知怎么地28.regretv.遗憾；悔恨29.valuev.重视；评价30.botherv.烦扰；打扰☆重点短语☆1.increaseto...增加到……2.becomeofsb./sth.某人/某物发生……情况3.beabouttodosth.马上要做某事4.struggletoone'sknees挣扎站起来5.aroundthecomer即将来临；就在附近6.referto涉及到；谈到；查阅7.clearup(天气)放晴；整理8.diedown(风、火、光)等渐弱，(声音)静下来9.cometotermswith甘心忍受，妥协10.risetofame出名\n11.takepossessionof占有，占领12.signanagreementwith和……签定协议13.turntodoing转为做……14.inrelationto与……有关；关于15.asitis以现在的样子16.liein/to/on位于……17.themajorityof大多数……18.atthetopofone'svoice高声地19.dropout脱离；退出20.compare...with和……比较短语闯关下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关．你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?1.(just)____thecorner即将来临；在拐角处；就在附近2.die____变弱；平息；消失3.come____termswith甘心忍受(不愉快的处境)；妥协，让步4.____possessionof占有；占领5.make____组成，构成；编造；虚构\n6.turn____开始干；求助于；转向；翻到多少页7.go____驾船航行；进行帆船运动8.go____宿营9.____highquality质量很高10.signan____with与……签订协议11.haveapopulation____有多少人口12.____relationto关于；涉及；与……有关13.riseto____出名14.drop____下沉；沉落；掉落；退出；不参加15.bethankful____因……感谢16.____thetopofone'svoice高声地17.be____goodhealth身体状况良好18.struggle____one'sknees/feet挣扎着站起来19.struggle____挣扎着渡过(难关)20.blow____吹走21.become____某人(某事物)发生……情况；……怎么对立22.beknown____因……而著名23.____far到目前为止24.hang____紧紧握住某物25.bemarked____以……为特征☆交际用语☆\n1.Sheseemstometobethekindofwomenwho...2.Theimpressionshemakesonmeis...3.Ithinksheisthekindofpersonwho...4.Ithasoftenbeensaidthatlifeisdifficultasitis.5.Itsometimesseemstwiceasdifficult.6.NewZealandisanimportantagriculturalcountry,withcattlefarmingontheNorthIsle.7.Somefarmershaveturnedtokeepingdeer.☆单词聚焦☆【考点2】admire的用法▲构词：①admirationn.钦佩，赞美，羡慕②admirern.羡慕者，赞赏者，敬慕者▲搭配：①admiresb.forsth.赞赏／钦佩某人……②expressadmirationfor对……表示钦佩③inadmirationof赞美，赏识④withadmiration羡慕地【考例2】[NMET1993]AndMrs.Clarkewasgreatly____attheclubforthesuccessfulself-protectton.A.surprisedB.admiredC.inspiredD.supported\n[考查目标]本题考查admire的词义。[答案与解析]B这句话说的是“由于Mrs.Clarke的自我保护行为，她得到了人们的尊重”。【考点7】affect的用法▲构词：①affectionn.友爱，爱情②affectiveadj.情感的．表达感情的③affectedadj.受到影响的，受(疾病)侵袭的，假装的，做作的▲搭配:beaffectedby受……影响；被……感动；患【考例7】[2005成都模拟]Heprobablydidn'tknowhowmuchthecarwasgoingto____Americanculture.A.affectB.affordC.effortD.effect[考查目标]本题考查affect的词义。[答案与解析]Aaffect具有动词词性词义是“影响”，它的名词形式是effecy。【考点5】bear的用法▲搭配：bearinmind牢记在心▲辨析：bear;suffer;endure;stand这组动词都有“忍受”的意思。bear和suffer可以表示“对强加的任何东西的忍受”，bear侧重于表示“忍受沉重或堆办的事”。而suffer侧\n重于表示“忍受或经受令人不愉快的、甚至于痛苦的事”。例如：Intheend,Icouldnotbearit.最后，我受不了啦。WhenmyoldfriendBrianurgedmetoacceptaciga—rette,itwasmorethanIcouldbear.当老朋友布赖恩怂恿我接受一支香烟时，我就受不住了。endure强调“长时间的忍受痛苦而不屈服”。例如：Whatcan'tbecuredmustbeendured.治不好的病就必须忍受。Travelersinspacehavetoenduremanydiscomfortsintheirrockets.宇宙旅行家不得不在火箭中忍受许多不舒适的东西。stand表示“忍受令人生厌的事”。例如：Consideringhishomesituation,hehadtotoleratehiswife.考虑到家中的情形，他不得不忍让妻子。stand常与bear通用，如果用词确切，stand总包含着“不退让”、“不畏缩”的“忍受”之意。例如：HecanstandmorepainthananyoneelseIknow.他比我认识的任何人都更能忍受痛苦。Hestoodthetestofwar.他经受住了战争的考验。【考例5】[NMET1999]HarryFieldsalsostudyingbi—ologysaidtheywantedtomakeasmuchnoiseaspossl-\nblet0forcethegovernmentofficialstorealizewhateverybodywashavingto____.A.standB.acceptC.knowD.share[考查目标]本题考查bear的近义词stand的词义用法。[答案与解析]Abear和stand在很多场合可以换用，意思是“忍受，经得起”。3.inspirevt.鼓舞，激励，启示inspiring鼓舞人心的Hisadviceinsoiredhertogreaterefforts.他的忠告激励她更加努力。Thememoryofherchildhoodinspiredherfirstnovel.儿时的回忆促使她写成第一本小说。[词组]inspiresb.tosth.赋予某人灵感【考点4】promise的用法▲构词：promisingadj.有希望的，有前途的▲搭配：①breakone's/apromise违背诺言，违约②make/giveapromlse答应，许诺③keepone's/apromise遵守诺言，守约④Ipromiseyou.我敢肯定；说句老实话；我警告你。⑤promiseoneself决心，指望，期待⑥promisewell很有希望，前景很好\n【考例4】[2004湖南]IdroveDadintoMijas,and____topickhimupat4pm,thendroppedoffthecaratthegarage.A.agreedB.plannedC.determinedD.promised[考查目标]本题考查promise的词义。[答案与解析]D从上下文来看，这句话说的不是“同意”或“决心”而是“答应”、“许诺”。4.regretvi.遗憾，惋惜，悔恨n.遗憾，抱歉regretfuladj.后悔的Iregrettodosth.遗憾地做某事Iregretdoingsth.后悔做了某事Iregretspendingsomuchmoneyonacomputer.我后悔花了这么多钱买这台电脑。HowIregrettedhavingwastedsomuchtimeplaying.我多么后悔把许多时间都浪费在玩上。IregrettosayIcannotcome.我遗感地告诉你我不能来。【考点3】regret的用法▲构词：①regretfuladj.后悔的，抱歉的，惋惜的，遗憾的②regretfullyadv.懊悔地，抱歉地\n③regretlessadj.无悔的，不后悔的，没有遗憾的▲搭配：①toone'sregret令某人遗憾的是②regret(totellyou/say)that...遗憾……；很抱歉③Itistoberegrettedthat...使人遗憾的是……；真可惜……④regretdoingsth后悔干了某事【考例3】[2004重庆]Thisscarwillbelasting,buttothisday,Ihavenever____whatIdid.A.forgotB.recognizedC.consideredD.regretted[考查目标]本题考查regret的词义。[答案与解析]Dregret的意思是“后悔”。从本句的句意可以看出，主人公对过去的事始终不后悔。【考点1】run的用法▲构词：①runningn.奔跑，赛跑。转动．运转②runnern.赛跑者▲搭配：①runfor竞选②runsboffsb'sfeet使疲于奔命③runacross偶然遇到\n④runafter追逐，追踪⑤runinto碰撞；遇上．偶然遇到；陷于。碰上(困境、麻烦等)⑥runout用光，耗尽(不及物)⑦runoutof用光／耗尽……【考例1】[2004北京]Allwedidduringpracticewas____.A.jumpB.playC.runD.shoot[考查目标]本题考查run的词义。[答案与解析]C在本句中run作was的表语。这是一个与上文承接的细节。2.settlevi.安放，安居，定居vt.解决MysonhassettledinBeijing.我儿子已定居在北京。Afteryears0{travelling,theydecidedtosettledownhere.旅行多年以后，他们决定定居下来。Theysettledthedisputeamongthemselves.他们自己把这个争论解决了。[词组]settledown安下心来settleinto习惯于settleup结清\n【考点6】settle的用法▲构词：①settledadj.固定的，不变的，永久的；(账单上)付讫．结讫②settlementn.殖民，移民；定居点；和解，解决，决定；清算，清账；财产的赠与③settlern.定居者▲搭配：①Thatsettlesit!(口)事情就这样定了!这就完了!②settledown(使)平静下来；(活动一段时间后)舒舒服服地坐下，躺下；定居。成家③settle(down)tosth安下心来做某事④settletodosth决定去做某事【考例6】[2004辽宁]...,andlawshadtobemadetoprotectthewaterrightsofthe____andtheuseofthewaterresourcesaccordingly．A.winnersB.settlersC.fightersD.supporters[考查目标]本题考查settle派生词的用法。[答案与解析]Bsettle的名词形式之一是settler，意思是“定居者”。1.surroundvt.包围，环绕\nbesurroundedby/with被……围住Thevillageissurroundedonallsidesbyhill.这个村子四面环山。Shehasalwaysbeensurroundedwithfashionablefriends.她周围总有许多爱赶时髦的朋友。[拓展]surroundingadj.附近的；四周的Thestudentsinourschoolcomefromthesurroundingarea.我们学校的学生来自周边地区。surroundingsn.常用复数形式，意为“环境”。Thesurroundingsachildgrowsupinmayhaveaneffectonhisdevelopment.小孩生长的环境会影响他的发展。5.valuen.价值；重要性Youmustrealisethevalueofthedictionary.你必须意识到这本字典的重要性。beof(no)value有(无)价值[拓展]valuen.评价，重视，珍视，估价Howdoyouvaluehimasateacher?照你的评价他是个怎样的老师?Wevaluedthehouseat$30,000.我们估计这栋房子值3万美元。\nIvalueyourfriendshipveryhighly.我非常珍惜你的友谊。[牛刀小试1]用所给单词的适当形式填空：(run,admire,regret,bear,promise,settle,affect)1.Thenoisewassogreatthatmostofthechildrencouldn't____.2.--Jackiewon'tcometoseeyouthisafternoon.--Buthe____.3.Thecompanymycousin____wasclosedlastyear,leavingalotofdebt.4.Ionly____thatIhavetoolittlemoneytobuyahouseforyou.5.AgroupoftouristsfromTaiwan____theviewwhenitbegantorain.6.AtlasttheyinthewestofAmericaandstartedtheirhardlife.7.Itisthebadweatherthat__thegoats'lifeinthisarea.☆词语比较☆1.jommey,voyage,tour,travel,trip(1)journeyn.“旅行，旅程”，指陆地的远程旅行。\nAtfirstIwasafraidthelongjoumeywastoomuchforher.Iwishyouagoodjourney.祝你一路平安。(2)tourn.常指观光、考察等的环游旅行。Theyfireonaweddingtour.他们正在新婚旅行。(3)tripn.“旅行”，指来往有定的短距离旅行。Ienjoyourtriptotheseaside.Ican'taffordatriptoKorea．(4)voyagen.“旅行”，指距离较长的漫长旅行，也可指空中旅行。Hemadealongvoyaget0Africa．(5)travel泛指旅行各地，表示“旅行的路途远，时问长”。Hecamehomeafteryears0fforeigntravel.多年在旧外旅行之后他回来r。2.alone,lonely(1)alone既可用作形容词，又可用作副词，意为“独自的(地)，单独的(地)”，侧重于说明独自一个人，没有同伴或助手，指的是客观情况。①alone用作形容词时，一般与be动词连用，在句中作表语。例如：Sheisaloneathome.她一个人在家。\nHeisnotaloneinthisidea.有这种想法的不只是他一个人。②alone用作副词时，修饰动词，放于动词后面作状语。HanMeiwasreadingalonewhentheteachercameintotheclassroom.③alone用作副词也可作定语，意为“只有，仅仅”，但必须置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后。Healonewasinthestreet.Thisyearalone,we'vealreadyplantedtenthousandtrees.(2)lonely只用作形容词，它在句中既可作定语，又可作表语，表示“孤独的，寂寞的”意思，该词带有浓厚的感情色彩，具有“渴望得到同伴”的含义，其比较级形式为lonelier。①lonely用作定语时，意为“孤单的，无伴侣的，荒凉的，偏僻的”。Atheart,I'malonelyman.内心深处，我很孤独。That'salonelyisland.那足个孤岛。②lonely用作表语时，可以表示“孤寂的，寂寞的”意思。WeneverfeellonelyinAmerica.\n在美国我们从不觉得孤独。Iwasalone,butIdidn'tfeellonely.我独自一人，但我并不感到孤独。3.almost,nearly(1)almost一般指事实的陈述，而nearly则带有一定的感情色彩。Thebookcostmealmost30yuan.(只陈述事实)Thehonkcostmenearly30yuan.(指嫌贵的意思)(2)almost后可跟never,no,none,nobody,nothing等具有否定意义的词，而nearly不能。Almostnoonegottoschoolontimeyesterday.(3)在morethan,any,too之前通常用almost，而不用nearly。Almostmorethantenstudentsfailedintheexam.不及格的学生几乎不止十个。(4)nearly之前可用very,not,pretty修饰，而almast则不能。It'sverynearlydark.Let'sgohome.灭怏黑了，咱们刚家吧![注意]有时almost与nearly町以互换，但如果要表达“差一点儿”，还足用almost确切。【短语归类】\n7.aroundthecorner就在附近，即将来临，发生Victoryisjustaroundthecomer;makeonemoreeffort.胜利即将来临，再努一把力。Thebankisaroundthecomer,youcan'tmissit.银行就在附近，你不会错过它的。[拓展]cutcorners偷工减料cutthecorner抄近路6.diedown变弱，渐熄，逐渐消失Theexcitementdieddownastimewentby.随着时间的过去，激动心情渐渐平息下来。Thenoisehasdieddown.喧闹声小下来了。Thewindhasdieddownobviously.风已明显减弱了。[拓展]dieout死光，灭绝，消失Thefirediedout.火灭了。dieaway指(风，声音)逐渐消失Thenoisesofthebovsdiedaway.男孩子们的吵闹声消失了。diefor为……而死；渴望；切望【考点l】含"make+介词／副词”的短语①makefor走向，有助于②makeinto把……制成\n③bemadefrom/of/in/by/outof由……制成④makeup弥补，拼凑成，组成，铺(床)。捏造．虚构⑤makeout填写，完成，设法应付，领悟，弄明白，发现真相⑥makeover转让，改造[例句]Howdidhemakeoutwhilehiswifewasaway?他妻子不在家时他足怎么生活的?Wemadeupthebedinthespareroomforourguest.我们在空着的房间里给客人铺好床。Icouldn'trememberastorytotellthechildren,soImadeoneupasIwentalong.我想不出有什么故事可给孩子讲了，只好现编现讲。Wearemakingouratticintoanextrabedroom.我们正在把阁楼装成一间额外的卧室。Constantarguingdoesn'tmakeforahappymarriage.经常争吵不利于维系美满的婚姻。【考例1】(2003北京春招)TheideapuzzledmesomuchthatIstoppedforafewsecondstotryto____.A.makeitoutB.makeitoffC.makeitupD.makeitover[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的意思。[答案与解析]Amakeout领悟。弄明白。发现真相；\nmakeoff连忙跑掉；makeup弥补。打扮，组成；makeover转让，改造。本句意为：因为受到迷惑。所以应该试图发现真相。9.makeup组成，构成，补充，编造Theworkersandpeasantsmakeupthemajorityofthepopulationnofourcountry.工人和农民占我国人口的大多数。Wemustmakeuphislosssomehow.我们必须想办法弥补他的损失。Thewholestoryismadeup.这个事情完全是虚构出来的。TheactormadehimselfuDasanoldpeasant.这个演员把自己化装成一个老农民。8.takeup对……产生兴趣；从事；占用HertimeisfullytakenuDwithwriting.她的时间完全被写作占满了。ThistabletakesuDtoomuchroom.这张桌子太占地方。[拓展]bringup抚养，教育comeup上来，抬头eatup吃光endup结束keepup保持makeup组成，弥补pickup拣起putup张贴stayup熬夜，挺住setup建立turnup出现wakeup醒来\n【考点2】含“with构成的动词短语”①befedupwith厌倦③befilledwith充满③catchupwith赶上④comeupwith找到，提出(答案、解决办法等)⑤getonwellwith与……相处融洽⑥quarrelwith吵架⑦stay/keep/beintouchwith与……保持联系⑧endupwith以……告终⑨keepupwith跟上，赶上⑩cometotermswith甘心忍受。使自己顺从于某事物⑨talkwith与某人交谈⑥agreewith同意……意见(想法)，符合，一致⑩disagreewith不同意⑩struggle/fightwith和……战斗／斗争⑩workwith用……干，和……工作⑩putupwith忍受[例句]Filledwithsmoke,theroomisnotpleasanttostayin.房间里烟雾弥漫，在里面呆着不舒服。Shecameupwithanewideaforincreasingsales.她想出了增加销售量的新主意。You'lljusthavetocometotermswiththefactthatyou\narefired.你不得不接受的现实情况是你被解雇了。Thechildwasfedupwithlisteningtotimsamestory.孩子厌烦听同一个故事。Ican'tkeepupwithallthechangesincomputertech-nology．计算机技术的各种改进有些我已经跟不上了。【考例2】(2001京、蒙、皖春招)Wouldyouslowdownabit,please?Ican't____you.A.keepupwithB.putupwithC.makeuptoD.holdonto[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的意思。[答案与解析]Akeepupwith跟上；putupwith忍受；makeupto是错误搭配；holdonto坚持。本句话意思是“请你慢一点儿好吗?我跟不上”。【考点3】含“动词构成的of短语”①beafraidof害怕②beproudof以……自豪③befullof充满④hearof听说⑤makeuseof利用⑥speakhighlyof称赞⑦thinkhighlyof对……高度评价⑧takecareof照顾，照料\n⑨thinkof认为，想起⑩takepossessionof占有，占领⑩besureof对……有把握⑩rob...of...抢劫……⑩thinkof...a...认为……是……[例句]Ididn'tmenti’onitbecauseIwasafraidofupset—tinghim.我没有提起那件事，因为我怕他心烦意乱。Hefeltveryproudofhavingafriendwithsuchnobleideas.他非常自豪的是有这样一位思想高尚的朋友。MakefulluseofeverychanceyouhavetospeakEng—lish.要充分利用一切机会说英语。Hisworkishighlythoughtofbythecritics.他的作品深受评论家推崇。Ididthinkofresigning,butIdecidednotto.我原来确实打算辞职，但后来打消了这个念头。【考例3】(NMET1988)Thepassengerswererobbed____alltheirmoney．A.ofB.offC.fromD.away[考查目标]此题主要考查rob的用法。[答案与解析]Arob构成短语robsb.ofsth“抢夺某人的东西”。\n[牛刀小试2]在下列句子的空白处填上适当的介词或副词：1.InBritaintodaywomenmake____44%oftheworkforce,andnearlyhalfthemotherswithchildrenareinpaidwork.2.Theywerestandingsofarawaythat1couldn'tmake____theirfacesclearly.3.--Whatdoyouthink____Andrew?--Therearesomethingsthatarenoteasytoput________,andhiscoldnessisone.4.Inordertoimproveherskill,shemakefulluse____herchancetopractise.5.--WhatdoyouthinkofLinna?--Sheisagoodpersonthatiseasytoget________.☆句型诠释☆1.Ithasoftenbeensaidthatlifeisdifficultasitis人们经常说生活本身是很艰难的。(1)Itissaidthat...是常见句型，意思是“据说；人们说”，类似的结构还有：Itisthoughtthat/Itisreportedthat/Itisbelievedthat/Itishopedthat...此句型也可变成sb.issaidtodosth.\n(2)asitis是固定结构，表示“根据现在情况看；就以现在这个样子”，常用于句子开头或结尾。Ithoughtthingswouldgetbetter,butasitistheyweregettingworse.我当初以为情况会好起来的，但事实上：却是每况愈下。2.Talkaboutthereasonswhyweadmiregreatwomen.淡一谈为什么我们崇拜伟大女性的原因。whyweadmiregreatwomen是同位语从句，用来解释说明reasons。充当同位语从句的连接词的不仅仅只有that。whether,when,where,how,why都可用来引导同位语从句。Hecan'tanswerthequestionhowhcgotthemoney.Ihavenoideawhenhewillheback.Thesuggestionwhereweshouldbuildournewfactoryshouldbeconsidered.Wemustfacethefactthatwehadspentallthemoney.同位语从句前的名词在从句中不作任何成分。3.Forwomenitsometimesseemstwiceasdifficult.对女人而言，这种困难要大两倍。英语中倍数的表达经常用下列例句中的几种办法：(1)倍数+(形/副)比较级+than…\nThishallisfivetimesbiggerthanours.Thecarrunstwicefasterthanthetruck.(2)倍数+as+(形/副)原级+as...AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.Theplaneflewtentimesashighasthekite.(3)倍数+thesize(length/width/height...)+ofThisstreetisfourtimesthelengthofthatone.Thehillistwicetheheightofthathill.4.Ifoundmyselfspendingawholedayinmytent.我发现自己在帐篷里度过一整天了。findoneself...意思是“发现自己(处于某种状态)；不知不觉地”，后面跟动词的-ing形式短语、过去分词短语、介词短语作宾语补足语，常见的有这种用法的动}司有：see/watch/catch/notice/hear/listento/feel等。IfoundmyselfinhospitalwhenIwokeup.ThenIfoundmyselfsurroundedbyagroupofboys.WhenIcamein,Ifoundhim&ringhishomework.5.NewZealandisanimportantagriculturalcountry,withcattlefarmingontheNorthIsled,whilethehillySouthIslandhasmoresheepfarms.新两兰是一个重要的农业国家，北部养牛，而南部\n山区养羊居多。with+名词+现在分词／过去分词／介词短语/副词／动词不定式／形容测构成with的复合结构，这种结构通常在句子中作定语或状语，作状语时，表伴随状况或原因。Helikessleepingwiththewindowsopen.Hegavehisseattoawomanwithababyinherarms.WithTomtohelpuswe'resuretocompletethetask.Hestoodtherewithagroupofchildrensurrouildinghim.Withalotofdifficultproblemstobesettled,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.【句型归纳】【考点l】Whathasbecomeofher.她的情况怎么样了?该句中的becomeof常常构成这样的同定句型。例如：Whathasbecomeoftheinjureddriver?那位受伤的司机情况怎么样了?“Whathas/willbecomeofsth/sb?”means“whathappened/willhappentosth/sb?”意思是“某人、某物情况(遭遇)怎么样了?”例如：Whatwillbecomeofherchildreniftheirmotherdies?如果他们的妈妈死了，这些孩子们的遭遇将会如何?\n【考例】】Whatwould____mychildifIwereonbusiness?A.lookafterB.careaboutC.becomeofD.attend[考查目标]考查动词短语。[答案与解析]C根据句子的意思是“如果我去出差，我的孩子情况会怎么样呢?”应该填hecomeof。【考点2】OnthethirddayIwasstrugglingthroughstormyweatherandduringthenextweekthewindgrewstrongerandIfoundmyselfspendingawholedayinmytent.第三天，我与暴风雨天气拼搏。接下来的星期里，风刮得越发猛烈了，我只好整天呆在帐篷里。该句中的grow常常作系动词，意思是“逐渐变得”。例如：Themusicgrewfaintasthebandmarchedaway.音乐随着乐队走远而渐渐减弱。系动词常常分为五类：①有be；②感官：feel,smile,taste,look,sound；③变化：become,grow,get,turn,go,fall,come；④好像：appear,look,seemt⑤保持：keep,remain,stay,lie等等，系动词没有被动语态。很少用进行时态。例如：Pleasekeepstillwhiletakingphotos.照相时，请保持安\n静。Themixturetastedveryterrible.这种混合物尝起来很可怕。【考例2】(2004湖北)Onhearingthenewsoftheacei—dentinthecoalmine,she____pale.A.gotB.changedC.wentD.appeared[考查目标]考查系动词。[答案与解析]CA是持续变化过程；B是实义动词，后面不接形容词；D是表面是这样而事实并非如此；C是情况由好变坏。故选C。【考点3】Ihadfallenintoaholeandwashangingontheropestiedtothesled.我掉进了雪洞，挂在绑着雪橇的绳索上。该句中的tied作定语。例如：Thisisthelatestbookwrittenbythefamousprofessor—StephenHawking.这就是那位著名的教授--斯带芬·霍金--最新出版的书。【考例3】(2004浙江)LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacluringandMiningCompany,____as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown\n[考查目标]v-ed作定语。[答案与解析]B过去分词作定语，表示过去分词与所修饰名词为被动关系。【考点4】OprahWinfreyisnotjustaverysuccessfulTVpersonalityintheUS,sheisalsoawomanwhohasin-spiredmillions．欧普拉·温弗丽不仅仅是美国一位成功的电视名人，而且还是位鼓舞了千百万人的女性。该句中的notjust/only...(but)also...为并列连词。连接两个简单句。例如：SingersofthecountrymusicdonotjustcomefromtheStatesalsofromallovertheworld.乡村音乐的歌手不仅仅来自美国，而且来自世界各地。注意：在并列连词notjust/only...(but)also...连接同等的句子成分，如果连接两个名词或代词作主语，谓语动词要与后面的名词或代词保持一致。如果连接两个分句，第一分句需要部分倒装。例如：NotonlyMr.SmithbutalsohischildrenwereinvitedtoNewYear'sParty.不但是史密斯先生，而且他的孩子们都受邀请出席了新年晚会。Shakespearewasnotonlyawriterbutalsoanactor.莎士比亚不仅是位作家．而且是演员。Notonlyishefondofdoingexercisesbutalsohiswife\njoinshiminit.不仅是他喜欢运动，而且他的妻子也喜欢与他一起运动。【考例4】(2002上海春招)Notonly____interestedInfootballbut____beginningtoshowaninterestinit．A.theteacherhimselfis;allhisstudentsareB.theteacherhimselfis;areallhisstudentsC.istheteacherhimself;area11hisstudentsD.istheteacherhimself;allhisstudentsare[考查目标]notjust/only...(but)also...一的部分倒装。[答案与解析]D根据以上的解释，第一分句需要部分倒装。第二分句不需要倒装。【考点5】NewZealandwineisofhighqualityandissoldaIJovertheworld.新西兰的酒质量很高。畅销全世界。该句中的be+of+n.为一个固定结构。例如：IthinklisteningtoEnglisheverydayisofgreathelptolearners.我认为每天听英语，对初学者来说，非常有帮助。be+of+n.意思是“具有……”。其中的名词多为抽象名词，如:use，help，importance等；这时be+of+n.=be+adj.(相对应的形容词)。名词也可以为具体名词．如：age,weight,height,length,width,size。这种\n结构在句中可以作表语、定语或宾语补足语。例如：Thesuggestionhemadeatthemeetingisofgreatuse.(作表语)他在会上提的建议很有用。Theyoungguyofaverageheightisournewchemistryteacher.(作定语)那位中等身材的年轻人是我们的新化学老师。Wefoundthedictionaryofnouse.(作定语)我们发现这本字典根本没用。【考例5】(NMET1998)You'llfindthismapofgreat____inhelpingyoutogetroundLondon．A.priceB.costC.valueD.useful[考查目标]be+of+n.作宾语补足语。[答案与解析]C根据句子的意思“你会发现在你在伦敦转的时候，这张地图很有价值”。所以选value。[牛刀小试3]1.Don'tusewords,expressions,orphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.(2004上海)A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known2.Idon'tknowwhatwill____usifthecompanygocsbankrupt(破产).\nA.happenB.strikeatC.becomeofD.occur3.Iwonder____became____theneighborwholivednextdoor.A,what;toB.what;ofC.if;ofD.whether;to4.Doyouthinkthelectureis____tostudentsbe-foreNMETcomes?A.veryhelpB.veryhelpfulC.greathelpfulD.whetherhelpful5.____snacksanddrinks,buttheyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest.(2004上海)A.NotonlytheybroughtB.NotonlydidtheybringC.NotonlybroughttheyD.Notonlytheydidbring【交际速成】【考点1】Describingpeople描述人物(2005北京东城)--DoyoulikeNack?Yes,Nackisgood,kind,hard-workingandintelli-\ngent;____,Ican'tspeaktoohighlyofhim.A.asaresultB.inawordC.bythewayD.onthecontrary[答案与解析]B本题考查在描述人物的语境中短语的正确使用。根据所提供的情景“Ican'tspeaktoohighlyofhim.”(我无论怎么称赞他都不为过)可判断B项符合语境。【归纳】当描述人物时．英语中常见表达方式有：①Sheseemstometobethekindofwomanwho...②Theimpressionshemakesonmeis...③Ithinksheisthekindofpersonwho--.④Shecouldbe...⑤Shelooksasif...⑥Shemightbe...⑦Youcanseethat...⑧Peoplelikeher.-.⑨Shedoesn'tseem'"⑩Itis(not)likehimtodo...他做某事(不)与他这个人的风格相称。例如：ItwasjustIikehimtothinkofhimselffirst.凡事都先考虑他自己，这就是他的作风。【考点2】Describinglocationanddirection描述方位和方\n向--CanyoutellmeaboutShanghai,l.iuMei?--Ofcourse.Shanghailies____thewestofthePacificOcean,whereyoucan'tfindmanyislands____thecoast.A.on;offB.to;alongC.in;offD.on;along[答案与解析]A本题考查描述方位和方向的正确表达方法。onthewestof，在……的西面(强调接壤)，Dffthe(east)coast在(东部)沿海，所以A项正确。【归纳】英语中描述方位和方向的表达方式有：①Itis/liesinthenorth/south/east/westof...它位于……的北部／南部／东部／西部(表在某范围内)②Itis/liestothenorth/south/east/westof...它位于……的北面／南面／东面／西面／(表在某范围之外)③Itis/liesonthenorth/south/east/westof...它位于……的北面／南面／东面／西面／(表接壤)④Itis/liesinthenorthern/sourhern/eastern/westernpartof…⑤It's/liesinthenortheastern／northwestern/south—eastern/southwesternSichuan…\n[牛刀小试4]1.Therearemanyislands____thenorthwestcoastofScotland,whichlies____thenorthofEng-land.m.to;onB.on;toC.off;inD.off;to2.--Annhas____;youcan'ttrustherwithanysecrets.--Really?ThenIwillbemorecarefulnexttime.A.quickmouthB.bigmouthC.apoormouthD.abigmouth3.--Whatdoyouthinkofthepicture____left?--Imustsayitisreallyverygood.A.ofB.onC.inD.at4.--Whatisyournewteacherlike?--____.A.Shelikessinging'B.Shedoesn'tlikesportsC.SheseemsverykindtousD.She'sfallenill☆精典题例☆\n()1.--Doyoulike____here?--Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.(NMET2004)A.thisB.theseC.thatD.it【解析】选D本题考查it的特殊用法，it在这里指模糊的情形、环境、状况。其余代词指具体事物、()2.____twoexamstoworryabout,Ihavetoworkreallyhardthisweekend.(2004北京)A.WithB.BesidesC.AsforD.Becauseof【解析】选A本题考查with结构的用法，在句中with结构作状语．()3.Forthesakeofherdaughter'shealth,shedecidedtomovetoawarm____.A.weatherB.temperatureC.seasonD.climate【解析】选D这道题考查几个名词的用法，句意是“为了女儿的健康，她决定搬迁到气候比较温暖的地方去”，weather泛指气候或天气，是不可数名词，而climate则强调某个地区的天气或气候。()4.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound\n____inthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked【解析】选B这道题考查find的用法，动词find后面经常跟形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语作宾语补足语，跟现在分词和过去分词的区别在于：前者表示主动和动作持续进行，后者表示被动和动作已经完成，当主语十谓语+宾语+宾语补足语变为被动语态时，宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。()5.Alltheemployeesexceptthemanager____toworkonlineathome.(2004广东)A.encouragesB.encourageC.isencouragedD.areencouraged【解析】选D本题考查主谓一致与时态，本句的主语是employees。()6.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday___yet.(2003上海春招)A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided【解析】选D由what，who，why，how，when等\n“wh-”引导的名词性分句作主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数．两个由and连接的并列名词性分句如果表示一件事情．谓语动词要用单数。()7.Thefluisbelieved____byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.(2004上海)A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavecaused【解析】选C根据flu和介词by可知应该用被动语态，所以排除A、D项，再根据isbelieved，可知C项为最佳选项，因为sth.isbelieved/considere/thought是英语中的一种常见句式。()8.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousersshehadwipedherhands.(2004全国)A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that【解析】选A本题考查定语从句的关系词，本句意思为“在她的裤子上，她擦过手的地方，有脏脏的印记”。where在其引导的定语从句在句中作地点状语。()9.Don'tleavethewater____whileyoubrushyourteeth.(2004天津)A.runB.running\nC.beingrunD.torun【解析】选B本句考查leave+名词+现在分词／过去分词结构，水流出来属于主动行为，所以要用runniikg。()10.--Isthisraincoatyours?--No,mine____therebehindthedoor.A.hangsB.hashungC.ishangingD.hung【解析】选C这道题考查动词hang的用法，当hang作“悬挂着，吊着”讲时，为不及物动词，现在进行时强调动作的暂时性．答案为C。\n\n\nChapter10SBIUnits19-20☆重点句型☆1.Whatdoyouthinkcausesthesechanges?2.ItisonthisarablelandthatthefarmersproducefoodforthewholepopulationofChina.3.Tomakeasmuchuseofthelandaspossible,twoormorecropsareplantedeachyearwherepossible.4.Notonlyisfoodproductionimportantbutalsotakingcareoftheenvironment.5.MuchofthewisdomdiscoveredbyearlyChinesescientistsisstillusefulforfarming.6.Actingourstereotypesofpeoplefromdifferentcountriescanbeveryfunny.7.Whatcomedianshaveincommonwiththeplayersinacomedyistheirwayofplayingwithwords.8.TypicalforChinaisthecrosstalkshow,whereapairof\ncomediansentertaintheaudiencewithwordplay.☆重点词汇☆1.protectionn.保护；防卫2.techniquen.技术；技巧3.irrigationn.灌溉；冲洗4.importn.&v.进口；输入5.productionn.产品；总产鼍6.sowv.播种；散布7.wisdomn.智慧；学识8.firstlyadv.首先9.removevt.移动；搬开10.dependv.依靠；依赖11.insectn.昆虫12.discoveryn.发现；被发现的事物13.humorn.幽默；诙谐14.practicaladj.实际的；实用的15.fortunatelyadv.幸运地16.intendvt.打算；想要17.nationalityn.国籍18.fluentadj.流利的；流畅的19.amusevt.使发笑；使愉快20.laughtern.笑；笑声\n21.accentn.口音；腔调22.typicaladj.典型的23.actuallyadv.事实上24.appreciatevt.欣赏；感激25.operatev.运转；操作26.silencen.寂静；沉默27.confusevt.使迷惑；混淆28.applaudv.&n.拍手喝彩；赞同29.existvi.存在30.directionn.方向；指示☆重点短语☆1.bringin引进2.dependon依靠3.protectfrom保护……免受……4.makeuseof利用5.makefunof取笑；嘲笑6.driveoff赶走；开走7.datebackto追溯到……8.lookonas把……看作9.beongoodtermswith和……关系好10.goagainst违背；违犯11.haveaneffecton对……有影响\n12.attherighttimeoftheyear在适当季节13.yearafteryear年复一年14.passon传递下去15.thefirsttime第一次16.enjoyalonglife健康长寿17.ingreatsurprise大吃一惊18.addto增添19.fromgenerationtogeneration一代代20.bedifferentfrom与……不同短语闯关下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?1.depend____信赖；依靠；取决于2.and____on等等(表示列举未尽)3.twister绕口令4.makefun____取笑；嘲笑5.date____(to)回溯到；追溯到6.makeuse____利用某事物(某人)7.be____goodterms(withsb)(与某人)关系好8.drive____把(车)开走；赶走；击退\n9.lookon...____把……看作10.____the1980s在20世纪80年代11.haveaneffect____对……产生影响12.bring____引进13.notonly…but____不仅……而且……14.____goodmoney赚大钱15.go____违背；违犯16.awideaudience得到广大观众的欢迎l7.play____words玩弄词藻18.befluent____English英语说得流利19.act____smallsketches演小品20.____sunset(在)黄昏21.pass____传递下去22.____alonglife健康长寿23.____greatsurprise大吃一惊24.all____China全中国25.actthe____of演……角色☆交际用语☆1.Inmyopinionyoushould...2.IfIwereyou...3.Wecan'tdoboth,so...4.AsfarasIcanseethebestthingwouldbeto...\n5.Wouldn'titbebetterif...6.Ihope(wish)to…7.Iintendto...☆词汇短语☆6.amusevt.(1)给……娱乐(消遣)(2)使……喜欢(高兴)(3)逗……乐(笑)amusementn.娱乐；消遣；娱乐活动amusedadj.愉快的；开心的；好玩的amusingadj.有趣的Hisstoryamusesme.他的故事使我发笑。Thechildrenamusedthemselvesbyplayinghide-and-seekgames.孩子们玩捉迷藏游戏取乐。[词组]beamusedat以……为乐；对……觉得有趣(好笑)beamusedby以……为乐；对……觉得有趣(好笑)beamusedwith以……为乐；对……觉得有趣(好笑)amuseoneselfwith以……自娱7.appreciatevt.鉴赏，欣赏；感谢；意识到vi.涨价；增加appreciatorn.鉴别(赏)者；赏识者\nappreciationn.欣赏；评价；了解；感激appreciativeadj.赞赏的；有欣赏力的；感激的Weallappreciatetheholidayafterayearofhardwork.经过一年的辛苦工作之后，我们都十分珍惜这个假期。Amusiciancanappreciatesmalldifferencesinsounds.音乐家能辨别声音中极细微的差别。Weshallappreciatehearingfromyouagain．我们恭候佳音。Idon'tthinkyouappreciatethedangerofthisjob.我认为你完全不了解这项工作的危险性。Iappreciateyourkindness.多谢厚意。Housesinthisareahaveallappreciatedsincethenewroadwasbuilt.这条新路修好后，这个地区的房子都涨价了。【注意]appreciate后接动词的-ing形式，不能接不定式，也不可用“人”作宾语。【考点2】certain的用法▲构词：①certainlyadv.的确，(口语)当然·行②certaintyn.确实．确定(性)；确知，确信；必然的事；\n毫无疑问的事▲搭配：①Itiscertainthat...……”是肯定无疑的友情提示：certain在大多时候可以被sure替换，但此句型中不可以。②becertainof/about确信，深信③becertaintodosth必然，一定④benotcertainwhether...不能确定是否……⑤forcertain肯定地，确凿地⑥makecertainof/about把……弄清楚，把……弄确实⑦makecertainthat...保证……【考例2】[NMET1997]Waittillyouaremore____.It'sbettertobesurethansorry.A.inspiredB.satisfiedC.calmD.certain[考查目标]本题考查certain的词义。[答案与解析]D从下文的sure可以得到印证，句意是“等到有把握(确信)”。5.developv.(1)vt.发展，养成；形成，培养Thelittleboydevelopedaninterestinmusic.\n这个小男孩对音乐感兴趣。Freshairandexercisedevelophealthybodies.新鲜空气和体育锻炼造就了健康的体魄。(2)成长，形成Jameshasdevelopedintoacharmingyoungman.詹姆斯已经长成为一个富有魅力的年青人。(3)冲洗(胶卷)Let'shavethesepicturesdeveloped.咱们把这些照片冲洗出来吧。(4)开发，建设Weshoulddevelopthenaturalresourcesofourcountry.我们应该开发我们国家的自然资源。[拓展]developedadj.发达的developedcountry/society发达国家／社会developingadj.发展中的developingcountry/society发展中国家／社会developmentn.发展，进步，成长，开发2.guidevt.指导；带领vi.任向导n.领路人，导游者，向导guidancen.指导；领导guidedadj.有领导的；指导的\nguidingn.导向；控制Theyguidedustotheoffice.他们带领我们到了办公室。Beguidedbyyourfeeling.按你的感觉行事。guide后常接介词to，意为“……的指南，……的向导”。ThisbookisaguidetoEnnglishGrammar.这是一本英语语法指南。4.intendvt.(1)想要，打算；企图(2)设计；计划(3)意指；意思足intendingadj.[主英]预期的；未来的intendedadj.预期的；有意的；已订婚的n.未婚妻／夫Iintendtogohome.我想回家。Thebookisintendedforbeginners.本书是为初学者编写的。Whatdoyouintendbythatremark?你说这话是什么意思?Isthatwhatyouintended?这是你的原意吗?\n[词组]beintendedto(do)使；是用来beintendedtobe规定为；确定为itisintendedthat企图；意图是intendfor打算供……使用；打算送给……；打算使……成为；想让……从事某事【考点1】intend的用法▲构词：intentionn.意图，打算，目的；意义，用意▲搭配：①intendthat...打算……②intenddoingsth/todosth打算……③intend...for...打算供……使用，打算把……送给……；打算使……成为；想让……从事……④intendsbtodosth打算让某人做某事⑤beintended/meantfor专门为／专门给⑥havenointentionofdoing…无意做……⑦withtheintentionof抱有……目的，打算⑧withoutintention无意中，不是故意地【考例1】[2004北京]Youngerpeopleshouldn'tbedoingexercises____for18-year-olds.A.usedB.intendedC.madeD.described[考查目标]本题考查intend的基本用法。\n[答案与解析]Bintend与for的搭配表示“打算供某人使用，为某人设计使用”等意思。【考点6】mind的用法▲构词：evil-minded存心不良的low-minded卑鄙的research-minded富于研究精神的small-minded气量小的strong-minded意志坚强的absent-minded心不在焉地▲搭配：①againstone'smind违反某人的心愿，没有得到某人的同意②applybend/give/pay/setone'smindto专心……，一心一意……③bein/haveagoodmindtodosth极想，极有意④beof/ina/onemind意见一致⑤beoutofone'smind精神不正常，发疯；忘记⑥bear/keep...inmind记住，记在心里⑦bring/call...toone'smind想起，回忆起⑧changeone'smind改变想法／主意；变卦⑨cometo/intoone'smind浮现在某人的脑海中\n⑩giveone's(whole)mindto一心一意地……，专心于⑨makeupone'smind决心，打定主意；接受，承认⑩readsb'smind/thoughts看出某人的心思，知道某人在想些什么⑩tosb'smind在某人看来；合某人的心意⑩withonemind全体一致地；同心间德⑩mind(sb/sb's)doingsth介意／反对(某人)做某事⑩nevermind别难过；没关系；不重要【考例6】[2004山西模拟]Tomostofus,friendshipsareconsideredveryimportant,butweneedtohaveclearinour____thekindsoffriendswewant.A.heartsB.thoughtC.actionsD.minds[考查目标]本题考查mind的意思及其他和一些近义词的区别。[答案与解析]Dinone'smind意思是“在某人的心目中”，inone'sheart则常表示“在某人内心深处”，二者使用的场合不同。【考点3】operate的用法▲构词：①operating-tablen.手术台②operationn.运转，操作，实施，作用，业务，工作，\n手术，军事行动③operaUveadj.运转着的，有效的，手术的，起作用的，生效的▲搭配：①operateon/uponsb给某人动手术②beinoperation在运转中；在行动中；在实施中；在生效中③come/gointooperation开始工作／运转；生效④performanoperationonsbforadisease给某人动手术⑤put/bringintooperation实施，施行【考例3】Iwaswonderingwhysuddenlytheliftwasnot____properly.A.operatingonB.operatingC.managingD.controlling[考查目标]operate的多种含义。[答案与解析]Boperate可作不及物动词，意为“(机器电梯等)运转”，结合本题语境，只有B正确。本句意为“我一直在纳闷为何电梯突然失灵了”。1.removevt.移动，拿开；脱掉，摘掉；去掉，开除。Heremovedhisdesktoanotherofficeafterargument.争吵后，他把办公桌搬到了另一个办公室。\nPleaseremoveyourbaggagefromtheseatsothattheoldmancansitdown.请把你的行李拿开让这位老人坐下。IrecognisedTomafterheremovedhisdarkglasses.汤姆取下墨镜后我才认出他。【考点4】return的用法▲搭配：①inrelurn(for)作为……的报答／回礼，交换②(Wishyou)manyhappyreturns!(祝你)福寿无疆，长命百岁!③writeinreturn写回信④returnsbavisit回访某人⑤returnticket来回票⑥inreturnfor报答……⑦makeareturn作报告／汇报⑧smallprofitsandquickreturns薄利多销【考例4】[2004湖北]Twoweekslater,she____tofindheroldcarcleanedinsideandoutwiththreenewtiresandtheradiofixed.A.shockedB.happenedC.returnedD.came[考查目标]本题考查return的基本词义。\n[答案与解析]C根据上下文．本空白所需要的意思是“回来”。【考点7】seat的用法▲搭配：①Pleasehaveaseat.请坐。②takeaseat坐下③takeone'sseat就座，坐在自己的座位上；(当选为议员后)就职④seatoneself(=beseated)坐下【考例7】[2003北京西城模拟]Atdinner,hewas____besideawomanfullofdignity．A.seatedB.placedC.arrangedD.kept[考查目标]本题考查seat作为动词时的用法。[答案与解析]A作为动词的seat意思是“给某人安排座位，让某人落座”，常用被动语态。8.suffervt.遭受；忍耐vi.受苦(难)；受损失；吃亏；受罚(for)；患病(from)sufferern.受苦的人；受害者；患者sufferingn.苦楚；受难adj．受苦的；患病的Iwillnotsuffersuchconduct.我不能容忍这种行为。\nHisbusinesssufferedgreatlyduringthewar.他的生意在战争中蒙受了重大损失。Hesufferedforhiscarelessness.他因粗心而吃了亏。Thechildsuffersfrommeasles.这小孩得了麻疹。[词组]sufferfor为……而受苦sufferfrom患……病；受……苦【考点5】use的用法▲构词：①usedadj.用过的，旧的②usableadj.可用的，适于使用的③usern.使用者，用户④usefuladj.有用的，有助益的⑤uselessadj.没用的，无价值的▲搭配：①useup用完，耗尽；(口)使筋疲力尽②make(full)useof(充分)利用，使用③of(no)use(没)有用④outofuse不再使用了，不通用，作废⑤inuse正在用，通用⑥bring/putsthintouse开始使用(某物)\n⑦comeintouse开始被使用【考例5】[2004辽宁]Withspecialequipment,somescientistsarestudyingthewaysinwhichthemountainsnowcanbe____,andwiththehelpofarepeaterstation,...A.takencareofB.madeuseofC.piledupD.savedup[考查目标]本题考查use构成的短语makeuseof的意思。[答案与解析]Bmakeuseof的意思是“利用”，在本句中使用了被动语态。[牛刀小试1]用所给单词的适当形式填空：(intend,certain,return,operate,use,seat,mind)1.Someoftheprojectsare____bythewomenwhowereleftinthevillage.2.Wouldyou____iftheysmokedinthenextcarri-age?3.Lisawasthatthenewfilmwastobeholdinourcitynextmonth.4."Beplease,"theorganizersaidtous.5.Twohourspassedbutnochildren____totheir\nhomes.6.I____toactinafilmdirectedbyMissSwift.7.Agood____shouldbemadeofthecomputertosolvetheproblemwehavebeenfacingtheseyears.【短语归类】9.datebackto/from追溯到……；始于……InChinaneedletreatmentdatesbacktoancienttimes.在中国，针刺疗法从古代起就有了。Thisdocumentdatesfrom1789.文件上注明的日期是1789年。[词组]breakthedate不遵守约会；失约bringsth.uptodate使……现代化；使……达到最新研究成果(水平)make/haveadatewithsb.[口](与某人)约会(常指男女之间)outofdate过时的；废弃的uptodate直到最近的；新式的；现代的closingdateforentries报名截止日期10.lookon...as把……看作Theyalllookonhimasamemberoftheirfamily.他们都把他看作是自家人。Don'tlookonhimasachild.Heisoldenoughtolook\nafterhimself.别把他当成孩子看待，他已经能照顾自己了。[词组]lookafter照料lookback(与on,to连用)回想；记起；停滞不前tookdownon轻视；看不起lookforwardto盼望；期待lookin顺便看望；短暂访问lookon(常与as连用)旁观；看作(=lookupon)lookout注意；找出；挑选出lookover翻阅；浏览；检查lookup好转；在书中查到；寻访到；探访(某人)lookupto尊敬【考点1】含look的短语①lookthesame看起来一样②lookafter照料，照看③lookat看④lookfor寻找⑤lookover(仔细)检查⑥lookup向上看，查找，查寻，改善⑦lookon...as...把……看作⑧lookout留神，注意⑨looklike看起来像\n⑩lookthrough浏览，细看⑩lookon旁观⑩lookinto调查⑩look(a)round环顾四周⑩lookdown俯视[例句]Helookedoverthefoodintherefrigeratorandfoundthathehadeatenupalltheeggsandbutter.他查看了一下冰箱里的食物，发现所有的鸡蛋和黄油都吃光了。Theweatherislookingup,sowemaygooutthiscomingSunday.天气在好转，所以我们这周日也许能出去。ThereweresignseverywherewarningpeopletolookOUtforfallingrocks.到处都有牌子，提醒人们当心岩石掉下来。WelookonKongFansenasamodelforustolearnfrom.我们把孔繁森当作我们学习的楷模。【考例1】(NMET1990)____thisbookandtellmewhatyouthinkofit.A.LookthroughB.LookonC.LookintoD.Lookup[考查目标]此题主要考查look短语的短语的用法。\n[答案与解析]Alookthrough浏览，细看；lookon旁观；lookinto调查；lookup向上看，查找，查寻，改善。本句话意思是“仔细看一看这本书，告诉我你的想法”。3.makeuseof利用；使用Hemadeuseofeverysecx)ndtolearnhislessonseveryday.每天他分秒必争地学习。Ifbetteruseismadeofyoursparetime,youwillmakegreatprogressinit.如果你更好地利用你的业余时间，你会在那方面取得更大的进步。【考点3】含“动词+on”的短语①carryon坚持下去，继续下去②comeon来吧，跟着来，赶快③callon访问，号召，邀请④goon继续⑤goondoing继续做⑥geton上(车)⑦holdon等一等，不挂断⑧liveon继续存在，继续活着．以……为主食，以……为依靠⑨knockon敲(门、窗)\n⑩passon传递，转移到⑩puton穿上，上演⑥turnon打开⑩tryon试穿，试戴⑩dependon依赖，依靠，取决于⑩teston在……(身上)做试验⑩beongoodterms关系好⑩playatrickonsb开某人玩笑，欺骗某人[例句]Thoughtiredandhungry,wecarriedonuntilwereachedcamp.尽管又累又饿，我们还是坚持到了宿营地。Astheyearsgoon,wegrowbothwiserandsadder.随着岁月的流逝，我们变得既明智又有点伤感。Heputonanairofinnocence,butitdidn'tdeceiveus.他装出一副无辜的样子，但是这欺骗不了我们。Severalpairsofshoesweretriedon,butnoneofthemweresatisfactory.试穿了几双鞋，但是没有令人满意的。ThesouthernersinChinamainlyliveonrice.中国南方的人主要以大米为食。Don'tplayatrickonme—Iwanttoknowthetruth.不要欺骗我．我想知道真相。\nIcallonthepeopleofthecountrytoworkhardforna—tionalunity.我号召本国的人民为了国家的统一而努力。【考例3】(2005辽宁)Couldyoupleasetellmewhereyouboughttheshoesyou____yesterday?A.triedonB.putonC.hadonD.pulledon[考查目标]此题主要考查“动词+on”的短语用法。[答案与解析]C句子的意思明显是表达“穿”的意思(表状态)。而tryon的意思是“试穿”，puton的意思是“穿”。但强调的是动作，pullon也表穿戴的意思，表动作，多指袜子或帽子等。【考点2】含“动词+back"的短语①comeback回来②bringsbback送回某人③bring...backtolife使苏醒，使生动，使活泼④bringback拿回来，使恢复。使回想起⑤goback回去⑥get...back退还，送回去，取回⑦getback回来，取回⑧datebackto回溯至，追溯到⑨takeback收回，取回\n⑩keepback隐瞒不讲，扣留，阻止⑩holdback阻止[例句]Herstayamongthemountainsbroughtherbacktohealth.她在山中逗留使得她恢复了健康。ThiscustomdatesbacktotheTangDynasty.这种风俗可追溯到唐朝。Iapologizetoyou,nowIwilltakebackwhatIsaid.我向你道歉，现在我愿意收回我所说的话。Hemaybetellingthetruthbutheiskeepingsomethingback.他也许在说实话，但是他在隐瞒什么。Hisstorybroughtbackourhappychildhoodtogether.这个故事把我带到了我们在一起时的快乐童年。【考例2】(2004全国卷I)Youcantakeanythingfromtheshelfandread,butpleas____thebookswhenyou'vefinishedwiththem.A.putonB.putdownC.putbackD.putoff[考查目标]此题主要考查put短语的用法。[答案与解析]Cputon穿戴，上演；putdown记下，放下；putback放回原处；putoff推迟。本句话的意思是“从书架上你可以拿任何东西来读，但是读完后请放回原处”。☆词语比较☆\n1.product,production,produce这组词均指通过劳动或努力而生产形成的产品。product是最普通的词，多指某种自然或人工的产品或产物，还指文学或艺术方面的作品。production指产品时，常限于人工产品，包括智力和艺术劳动产品。亦为戏剧或电影中的常用词。用在抽象的意义上，表示“生产；产量”。produce是个集合名词，指自然产品，特别是农业产品而非工业品。SheistheproductOftalentedparents.她是她天资卓越的父母的产物。Productionofironhasincreasedinthelastfewyears.最近几年铁的产量增加了。ThefarmersbroughttheirproducetotownearlyeachSaturday.农民们每星期六一早把农产品带到镇上去。2.guide,conduct,lead作为动词三者都有“领”“导”或“引”的含义。它们的区别在于：guide(抽象名词guidance；具体名词guide“向导”)是通用词，可以用于“为别人带路”“指导别人的学习、品行修养”，它的内涵是避免走弯路或遇到危险。而conduct(抽象名词conductance“传导\n力”；具体名词conductor"向导者”，公共汽车等的“售票员”)在表示“指导、引导”时含有明显的主从关系，即被引导者不服从是不可以的。lead(抽象名词leadership"领导”；具体名词leader"领袖、领队”)可以表示“领导、带路”，但它总含有领导者走在前面，而把被领导者控制在自己的权威之下，或被领导者处于秩序井然的状态中的意思。Thousandsoflanternsslowlydriftouttoseaguidingthedeadontheirreturnjourneytotheotherworld.数千只灯笼慢慢向大海漂去，给死人返回阴间指明道路。Atthetopofthebankmyguidepausedandlookedbackatme.我的向导在河岸上稍停了一下，并且回头看了看我。HeisnowstudyingundertheguidanceofProfessorGreen.他现在正在格林教授的指导下学习。3.happen,takeplace,breakout,occur(1)happen往往表示偶然性的没预料到的事情的“发生”。Howdidtheaccidenthappen?You'dbetterletmeknow.\n(2)takeplace表示必然性的“发生”或指是布置或策划好某事后“举行”的。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcountrytheseyears.这些年我国发生了巨大的变化。(3)breakout表示地震、战争、火灾、疾病等“突然发生”、“爆发”Afirebrokeoutintheneighborhoodlastnight.(4)occur相当于happenItissaidthatthetrafficaccidentOCCUlTedatmidnight.[联想]主语(人)+happen+动词不定式It(形式主语)+happen+that从句(真正的主语)Ihappenedtoseehiminthestreet.(碰巧、恰巧)4.sure,certain,confident意思都是“确信的”。sure强调“主观上确信无疑的”。certain指“有充分根据或理由而相信的”。confident强调“对某人(物)坚信的或满怀信心的”。besureto中的sure不能改为certain。I'msureyoudon'tmeanit.我相信你是无意的。Thislettermademecertain0fhisinnocence.这封信使我相信他是无罪的。\nHe'sconfidenthewillwin.他坚信他会赢。[词组]becertainof确信；深信becertainto必然；一定benotcertainwhether...不能确定是否……forcertain肯定地；确凿地makecertain(of,that)把……弄清楚；把……弄确实；保证5.late,later,latest,latelylate是形容词或副词，表示“晚，迟”；later是副词，表示“以后，后来”，常单独使用或放于一段时间之后；latest是形容词，表示“最近的”；lately是副词，表示“最近，近来”。Hewenttobedlatelastnight.他昨晚睡得很迟。Ishallcallagainlater.我过会儿再打电话。Peoplewanttobuythelatestnewspaper,nobodywantstobuyyesterday's.人们都要买最新的报纸，没人要买昨天的。Haveyouseenhimlately?你近来见到过他吗?\n6.deep,deeplydeep既可作形容词，又可作副词，表示动作与事物的具体深度，注意习惯搭配。deepinto,godeep,beburieddeep，drinkdeep(痛饮)；deeply为副词，常用于修饰形容词、分词以及含有抽象意义的动词。Ourteacheroftenworkdeepintothenight.我们老师常常工作到深夜。Herfaithgoesverydeep.她的信仰很坚定。Wearedeeplymovedbywhatshesaidanddid.她的言行使我们深受感动。I'mdeeplygratefulfortheadviceyougaveme.我非常感激你对我的劝告。7.yearafteryear,yearbyyearyearafteryear意为“年复一年地”，常用来表示每年重复，在句中作状语，类似的结构还有：dayafterday;monthaftermonth;oneafteranother;letterafterletter；而yearbyyear表示逐渐的变化过程，类似的结构还有：daybyday;littlebylittle(逐渐地)。Mygrandfathergrowsolderyearbyyear.我爷爷一年年老了。WecallonourteachersonTeachers’Dayyearafter\nyear.我们年年教师节都要看望老师。☆句型诠释☆1.Whatdoyouthinkcausesthesechanges?你认为是什么(原因)引起这些变化的?Whateffectsdoyouthinkthechangesineatinghabitswillhaveonagricultureandnature?你认为这些饮食变化对农业和自然会起什么作用?句中doyouthink是插入语，经常位于疑问词(组)后，有时也可放在句尾。WheredoyouthinkourEnglishteachercomesfrom?你认为我们的英语老师来自哪里?Whodoyouthinktheoldladyis?你认为那老太太是谁?Whatisit,doyouthink?你认为这是什么?2.Tomakeasmuchaseofthelandaspossible,twoormorecropsaleplantedeachyearwherepossible.为了充分利用土地，在有条件的地方，每年种植两季以上的庄稼。句中aspossible和wherepossible是asitispossible和whereitispossible的省略形式，在类似结构中itis/\nwas常常被省略。as...aspossible是固定的结构，表示“尽可能……”。Weneedtosendtheletteroffassoonaspossible.我们有必要尽可能快地把这封信寄出去。Holdyourbreathforaslongaspossible.屏住呼吸，时间越长越好。Fillthewordsintheblankswherenecessary.在需要的地方填上单词。3.Notonlyisfoodproductionimportantbutalsotakingcareoftheenvironment.粮食牛产固然重要，环保也很重要。(1)当notonly...but(also)...连接两个并列分句时，前一个分句要用部分倒装，即部分谓语(助动词、系动词、情态动词)提到主语之前，第二个分句不要倒装。有时后一个分句与前一个分句的相同部分可以省略。(2)当notonly...but(also)...连接两个主语时，其谓语与靠近它的主语保持一致。Notonlydidhespeakmorecorrectlybuthespokemoreeasily.他不仅讲话更正确，而且讲得也较不费劲了。NotonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherisinterestedintheTVplay.\n不仪学生们而儿老师也对这部电视剧感兴趣。4.MuchofthewisdomdiscoveredbyearlyChinesescientistsisstillusefulforfarmersandgardeners.中国古代科学家所发现的大量知识和经验，对于今人的农民和园艺工仍然有用。句中discoveredbyearlyChinesescientists是过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于whichwasdiscoveredby…。过去分词短语作定语一般具有以下特点：(1)放在修饰侧的后面。(2)与修饰词构成被动关系。(3)相当于一个灰示被动的定语从句。单个的过去分词作定语一般放在修饰词的前面，在个别情况下放在修饰词之后。Thesystemusedinthisschoolisverysuccessful.这学校使用的系统很成功。Thereisaredcarparkedoutsidethehouse.房子外边停着一辆红色汽车。Thewindowbrokeninthestomlhasnowbeenrepaired.在暴风雨中打破了的窗户，已经修好了。5.Whatcomedianshaveincommonwiththeplayersinacomedyistheirwayofplayingwithwords.滑稽演员与喜剧演员，共间点在于说话玩弄词藻。\n句中what引导的从句为主语从句。(have)...incommon(with)表示“和……有共同之处”的意思。OUtofcommon则表示“异乎寻常；不平常”的意思。Theyhavealotincommon.他们有许多共同之处。Ihaven'tathingincommonwithmyfather.我与父亲格格不入。Hehadnoticednothingoutofcommon.他没有发现异乎寻常的事。6.IrememberthatthelasttimewemetIdidmostofthetalking,soperhapsIshouldIetyoudothetalkingthistime.我记得，上次见面时主要是我讲话，因此，也许这次应该让你讲话了。句中thelasttime为连词引导时间状语从句。引导时间状语从句的词组有assoonas,hardly...when,nosooner...than,themoment,bythetime,everytime,eachtime等。ThemomentIsawhim,Irecognisedhim.我一见到他，就认出了他。Hehadhardlyfinishedthearticlewhenthelightwentout.\n他刚写完论文，灯就熄了。Nosoonerhadshearrivedthanshewentawayagain.她刚到就又走了。【句型归纳】【考点l】ItisonthisarablelandthatthefarmersproducefoodforthewholepopulationofChina.就在这些耕地上，农民们生产了供给全中国人口的粮食。Itwasfromtheearly1990sthatscientistsstartedtode-velopnewtechniquestoincreaseagriculturalproductionwithoutharmingtheenvironment.90年代初，科学家开始了新的技术，在不损害环境的基础上增加农业产量。该两句中的it用于强调句型。it可以用来改变句子的结构，使句子的某些成分受到强调。强调的基本句型结构为：Itis/was+被强调部分+that+句子的剩余成分。强调句型可分别强调主语、宾语、地点状语、时间状语等。例如：ItwasatChristmasthatJackgaveJaneabeautifulredrose.就是在圣诞节。杰克送给简一朵漂亮的红玫瑰。注意：1.强调人时，that可以换成who。2.当被强涮部分较复杂时，特别记住不能漏写了that。\n例如：ItwasnotuntilhecamebackatmidnightthatIleft.直到他半夜回来，我才离开。3.强调句型用于疑问句时，注意语序。例如：WhenandwherewasitthatLiuxiangbroketheOlympicrecord?到底在何时何地。刘翔打破了奥运会记录呢?【考例】】(2003上海)Itisthesepoisonousproducts____cancausethesymptomsoftheflue,suchasheadacheandachingmuscles.A.whoB.thatC.howD.what[考查目标]强调句型。[答案与解析]B根据以上的解释．本句强调主语，又指物，所以用that。【考点2】Whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantthinginyourjob7你认为在你工作当中最重要的是什么?该句中宾语从句的引导词what位于句首，构成一种特殊句式。在由doyouthink/believe/suppose/expect/imagine等词引导宾语从旬时，需要把宾语从句的引导阋位于句首，构成一种特殊的疑问句“疑问词+doyouthink/believe/suppose/expect/imagine+宾语\n从句剩余成分”。例如：Whendoyousupposehecamebacktohismotherland?你认为他什么时候回到祖国的?WhichteamdoyouthinkwillWi’lltheWorldCup?你认为哪一个队将赢得l什界杯?【考例2】(NMET】991)--Wehaven'theardfromJaneforalongtime．--Whatdoyousuppose____toher?A.washappeningB.tohappenC.hashappenedD.havinghappened[考查目标]疑问词+doyouthink/suppose/believe+宾语从句剩余成分”。[答案与解析]C根据以上的解释，需要填what的谓语动词，所以用hashappened。【考点3】DatingbacktotheQinDynasty(221—207BC),thetraditionalcrosstalkshows,orxiangshengshows,havemadepeoplealloverChinaroarwithlaughterforcenturies.传统的相声表演可以追溯到秦朝(公元前221—207年)，已经使中国人笑了千百年了。该句中的“datingbackto...”在句中作定语，相当于定语从句whichdatedbackto或whichdatedfrom。v-ing在句中可以作定语。注意它们在句子中与所修饰\n的名词的逻辑关系。如果表示主动关系，用v-ing；表示被动关系，则用beingdone。例如：Doyouseethegirldancingwithyourbrother?(定语)你看到那个正在与你弟弟跳舞的姑娘了吗?Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourlab.(定语)正在修建的大楼是我们的实验室。【考例3】(2000上海)Willthose____thechildrenfromabroadcometheheadmaster'soffice?A.teachingB.teachC.whoteachesD.whoteaching[考查目标]v-ing作定语。[答案与解析]A根据以上解释，用非谓语动词。teach与those关系是主动关系，所以用teaching。【考点4】It'stheirclothes,makeupandthewaytheytalkthatmakespeople.逗人笑的是他们的衣着，装扮和走路的姿势。该句中的theytalk作theway的定语从句。theway充当先行词时，一定要注意“顾后”，即theway在定语从句中所作的成分。如果way是作宾语或表语，关系词要用that或which；如果way作状语，关系词要用that，inwhich或不填。例如：Thisistheonlywaythatyoucanfind.这是你能找到\n的惟一的方法。SheisfondofthewaythefamousJapaneseactorsmokes.她喜欢那位日本男影星抽烟的姿势。Idon'tlikethewaythat(inwhich)hespeakstohismother.我不喜欢他对他妈妈说话的方式。【考例4】(2004湖北)Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathcsaidbut____hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich[考查目标]定语从句与并列连词“not...but...”。[答案与解析]Anot…but…连接两个表语成分；theway引导定语从句，而且在从句中作状语，选theway。[牛刀小试3]1.Ican'tunderstandtheway____youworkedoutthemathproblem.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.howD.which2.Itwas____backhomeaftertheexperiment.(2004湖北)A.notuntilmidnightdidhegoB.untilmidnightthathedidn'tgoC.notuntilmidnightthathewent\nD.untilmidnightwhenhedidn'tgo3.Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess.____youwantmetosay?(2004上海)A.WhatisitthatB.WhatitisthatC.HowisitthatD.Howitisthat4.Readingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatc—hingTV;therearepictures____inmindinstead0fbeforeyoureyes.(2004广西)A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed【交际速成】【考点1】Givingadviceandmakingdecisions提建议(劝告)和作决定(2005浙江二模)--Sinceyoucan'tfindabetterjob，whydon'tyousticktothepresentone?--Well,____.A.IbelievenotB.Idon'tcareC.NevermindD.ImightasweIl[答案与解析]D本题考查对提出劝告的应答用语。“Imightaswell(sticktothepresentone)”表示“那我还是坚持做目前的工作”。may/mightaswelldo不\n妨做，无妨做(比hadbetter更委婉)。【归纳】英语中表示劝告和作决定的用语有：①You'dbettergotoseethedoctor.②YoushouldlistentoandreadEnglisheveryday.③YouneedtobuyaChinese-Englishdictionary.④Don'trush/hurry/push.⑤Pleasestandinline.⑥IfIwereyou,I'dphonehimnow.⑦Inmyopinionyoushould...⑧Theotherideasoundsbettertome...⑨AsfarasIcanseethebestthingwouldbeto...⑩Wouldn'titbebetterif...?⑩Ithinkheisright...⑩Wecan'tdoboth,so...⑩Wehavetomakeachoice...【考点2】Expressingintentionsandplans表达打算和计划(2005武汉模拟)--Hi,Ihearyou'regoingtotheWorldParkthisweek—end.--____,Iwasgoingto,butlchangedmyplan.A.ActuallyB.Finally\nC.UsuallyD.Normally[答案与解析]A本题考查谈论计划的交际用语。根据语境，答语意为“实际上，我本来打算要去的，但是我改变了计划”。【归纳】英语中表示打算和计划的常见用语有：(询问某人的打算和计划)①AreyougoingtoleaveforSingapore?②Doyoumean/plantoapplyfortheposition?③Haveyoudecidedtosupporthim?④Whatdoyoumean/intendtodo?⑤Whatareyoudoingthisevening?⑥Willyoubethere?⑦Whatareyougoingtodo?(说明自己的打算和计划)①Iwill...②I'mgoingto...③Iintendto...④Ihopeto...⑤Iplan/wantto...⑥Iwishto...⑦I'vedecided(not)to...⑧Ihopenotto...\n⑨I'mthinkingof...[牛刀小试4]1.--Ithinkthecompanymaynotofferyouagoodpay.--____,Iwon'ttakethejob.A.ThatistosayB.WhatismoreC.InotherwordsD.Inthatcase2.--WhenareyouleavingforLondon?--Myplan____atthreetomorrowafternoon.A.istakingoffB.isabouttotakeoffC.takesoffD.willtakeoff3.--IhearthatBaiShancan'taffordhisschoolingthisfall.--____,let'sdosomethingforhim.A.IfsoB.WherepossibleC.WhennecessaryD.Whatashame4.--I'mgoingdowntown.--Comeon.____.A.You'rewelcomeB.I'llgiveyoualiftC.Don'tdothatD.Comewithme☆精典题例☆()1.____straightonandyou'llseeachurch.Youwon'tmissingit.(2004湖北)\nA.GoB.GoingC.IfyougoD.Whenggoing【解析】选A“祈使句+and+陈述句”的句式相当于含有if条件句的复合句。()2.____theprogramme，theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.(2004广东)A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.Havingnotcompleted【解析】选Cnothavingcompleted是分词的完成式的否定结构，在句中表原因。()3.TheideapuzzledmesomuchthatIstoppedforafewsecondstotryto____.(2003北京春季)A.makeitoutB.makeitoffC.makeituDD.makeitover【解析】选Amakeout意为“理解”。()4.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovemmentknows____.(NMET2003)A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit【解析】选Cwhat+不定式在句中做know的宾语\n