高中英语分词用法 16页

高中英语分词用法练习题及答案清华大学英语教授研究组提供习题精选---分词用法:1.Theboywenttotheball,＿likeaprettygirl.A.dressingB.wearingC.woreD.dressed2.＿inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed3.Thefilmwasmade＿onatrueoldstory.A.baseB.tobebasedC.basedD.basing4.When＿,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted5.＿tohisresearch,healmostforgoteverything.A.DevotingB.DevotedC.TodevoteD.Devote6.＿hisattentiononhisnovel,hedidn’tnoticetheteachercoming.A.FixedB.FixingC.FixD.Tofix7.＿onhisnovel,hedidn’tnoticetheteachercoming.A.FixedB.FixingC.FixD.Tofix8.Theoldengineertalkedofthedifficultythey＿thetower.A.builtB.hadbuildingC.hadbuiltD.build9.＿suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered10.＿thepast,ourlifeisbecomingmuchbetter.A.ComparingwithB.BecomparedwithC.TocomparewithD.Comparedwith11.Theboywaslastseen＿neartheEastLake.A.playingB.playC.playedD.toplay12.Tomwasveryunhappyfor＿totheparty.A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited13.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor＿“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”A.readB.readsC.readingD.toread14.Wewenttoseehimyesterdayevening,＿himaway.A.findingB.findC.onlytofindD.found15.＿ofplastics,themachinesareeasytocarry.A.TomakeB.HavingmadeC.BeingmadeD.MadeSuggestedanswers:1-5DACAB6-10BABAD高中英语被动语态总结一、被动语态的构成形式　　1.被动语态的基本时态变化　　被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：　　1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)\n一般现在时　　例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.2）has/havebeendone现在完成时　　例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.　　3）am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时　　例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．　　4）was/weredone一般过去时　　例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.　　5）hadbeendone过去完成时　　例Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.　　6）was/werebeingdone过去进行时　　例AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.　　7）shall/willbedone一般将来时　　例Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.　　8）should/wouldbedone过去将来时　　例Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.　　9）shall/willhavebeendone将来完成时（少用）　　例TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.　　10）should/wouldhavebeendone过去将来完成时（少用）　　例Hetoldmethathisnewclotheswouldhavebeenmadeverysoon.　　2.被动语态的特殊结构形式　　1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。　　例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.　　2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。　　例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.　　3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。　　例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.　　4）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。　　例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.　　5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。　　例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.　　3.非谓语动词的被动语态　　v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。　　例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.　　二、如何使用被动语态　　学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。　　1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by短语)。　　例Mybikewasstolenlastnight.　　2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。　　例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccepttheoffer.　　3.为了更好地安排句子。　　例Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.\n（一个主语就够了） 三、Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型　　一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋todosth.”。有：　　Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道，Itisbelievedthat…大家相信，Itishopedthat…大家希望，Itiswellknownthat…众所周知，Itisthoughtthat…大家认为，Itissuggestedthat…据建议。　　　例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.（＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.）　　四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义　　1.英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。　　例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.　　注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。　　试比较：Thedoorwon'tlock．（指门本身有毛病）　　Thedoorwon'tbelocked．（指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因）　　2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主动形式表示被动意义。　　例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？　　3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。　　　例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.　　五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义　　在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。　　1．在need，want，require,bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。　　例Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．这房子需要修理。　　2．形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。　　例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）　　3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。　　例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)　　试比较：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)　　4.在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。　　例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.（可看作toworkout省略了forme）.　　5．在too…to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。　　例Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.　　6.在therebe…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。　　例Thereisnotimetolose（tobelost）．（用tolose可看成forustolose；用tobelost，谁losttime不明确。）　　7.在betodo结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,\n被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。　　例Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?　　六、介词in,on,under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义　　表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。　　1.“under+名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：undercontrol（受控制）,undertreatment（在治疗中）,underrepair（在修理中）,underdiscussion（在讨论中）,underconstruction（在施工中）。　　例Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed).　　2．“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyondbelief(令人难以置信)，beyondone’sreach（鞭长莫及），beyondone’scontrol（无法控制），beyondourhope．我们的成功始料不及。　　　　例Therumourisbeyondbelief（=can’tbebelieved）．　　3.“above+名词”结构,表示“(品质、行为、能力等)超过……、高于……”。　　　　例Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise．=Hishonestcharactercannotbepraisedenough．　　4．“for+名词”结构，表示“适于……、为着……”。如：forsale(出售),forrent（出租）等。　　例Thathouseisforsale.(=Thathouseistobesold).　　5．“in+名词”结构，表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有：inprint（在印刷中），insight(在视野范围内)，等。　　　例Thebookisnotyetinprint．(=isnotyetprinted)　　6．“on+名词”结构,表示“在从事……中”。常见的有：onsale(出售)，onshow（展出）,ontrial（受审）。　　例Todaysometreasuresareonshowinthemuseum(=arebeingshowed).　　7．“outof+名词”结构；表示“超出……之外“，常见的有：outofcontrol(控制不了)，outofsight（超出视线之外），outofone’sreach(够不着),outoffashion(不流行)等。　　　例Theplanewasoutofcontrol(can’tbecontrolled)．。　　8．“within+名词”结构，“在……内、不超过……”。　　　　例Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher'spermission．　　七、被动语态与系表结构的区别　　当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：　　1．如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。　　例Theglassisbroken．（系表结构）　　Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy．（被动语态）　　2．如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。　　例Thedoorislocked．（系表结构）　　Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked．（被动语态）　　3．被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。　　例Themachineisbeingrepaired．　　八、被动语态与高考试题赏析　　1．高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析　　1).Insomepartsoftheworld,tea___withmilkandsugar.(NMET1993)　　A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served　　解析B因为serve是及物动词，其动作承受者tea作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。　　2).ThisisTed’sphone.Wemisshimalot.He___tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.(NMET2002)　　A.killedB.iskilled　　C.waskilledD.was\nkilling　　解析CTed是kill的承受者，用被动语态，且Ted救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。　　3).----Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?　　----Notyet,therooms_____.(NMET1991)A.arebeingpaintedB.arepainting　　C.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting　　解析A“house”和“paint”应该是被动的关系，排除B，D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C。　　4).Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday___yet.（上海春2003）　　A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecided　　C.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided　　解析Ddecide是及物动词，动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受者，所以decide要用被动语态。从题干的语境和关键词yet，可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成时的被动语态。　　5).Themanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnthatfour-fifthsofthetickets___.（上海春2001）　　A.wasbookedB.hadbeenbooked　　C.werebookedD.havebeenbooked　　解析B句中tickets是book(订票)的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票已被订出应发生在enteredtheoffice这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。　　2．高考对非谓语动词语态的考查　　当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时,须用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。　　1).Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains___whethertheywillenjoyit.(NMET2002)　　A.toseeB.tobeseen　　C.seeingD.seen　　解析B根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式，故排除掉C、D两项；又因remains的逻辑主语it是动词see说表示动作的承受者，即“到国外旅行”这件事，这件事有待于“被决定”，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。　　2).Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp___intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.（上海1996）　　A.topersuadedB.persuading　　C.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded　　解析Ccan’thelpdoing“禁不住做某事”，排除A和D；顾客应是“被劝说”购物的，要用动名词的被动语态。　　3）.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho___forthespoiledchild.（上海2002）　　A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblame　　C.istobeblamedD.shouldblame　　解析Afeel的宾语从句为强调句型，在betodo结构中，在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态，如toblame，tolet等。　　【强化训练】　　1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．　　A．arenotkept；willhaveto　　B．arenotkept；have　　C．donotkeep；willhaveto　　D．donotkeep；haveto　　2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.　　A.developedB.havedeveloped　　C.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeen\ndeveloped　　3.---____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．　---Yes，italldependsontheweather．　　A．I'vebeentoldB．I'vetold　　C．I'mtoldD．Itold　　4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.　　A.hascompletedB.completes　　C.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted　　5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.　　A.cutB.arecut　　C.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut　　6.Thenewsuspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.　　A.hasbeendesigned　　B.hadbeendesigned　　C.wasdesigned　　D.wouldbedesigned7.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.　　A.breaksB.hasbroken　　C.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken　　8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.　　A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup　　B.havetakenplace;havebeensetup　　C.havetakenplace;havesetup　　D.weretakenplace;weresetup　　9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.　　A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost　　10.---Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.　　---What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for?　　A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuilt　　C.isbuiltD.isbuilding　　11.---Doyoulikethematerial?　　---Yes,it___verysoft.　　A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt　　12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．　　A．writeB.towriteC．tobewrittenD．written　　13.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．A．totypeB．typing　　C．tobetypedD．typed　　14.Takecare!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily.　　A.won’twashoutB.won’tbewashedout　　C.isn’twashedoutD.isn’twashingout　　15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___.　　A.beputupB.givein　　C.beturnedonD.goout　　16.Thecomputersonthetable___Professor\nSmith.　　A.belongsB.arebelongedto　　C.belongstoD.belongto　　17.---Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?　　---Oh,excellent.It’sworth___asecondtime.　　A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread　　18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.A.catchingB.tobecaught　　C.beingcaughtD.tocatch　　19.Thispageneeded___again.　　A.beingcheckedB.checked　　C.tocheckD.tobechecked　　20.___manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodotheexercises　　A.HavingtaughtB.Havingbeentaught　　C.taughtD.Teaching　　key1--5ACADC6--10BCBDA　　11--15CBCAD16--20DCCDB被动语态基础练习选择题1.Ourhouse_____,　   A.isgettingpaint　B.isgettingpainted　  C.isgotpainted　D.hasgottopaint2.HearrivedinBeijing,wherehe_____hisfriend.　   A.wasmetby　B.wasmet　C.wasmeeting　D.metby 3.Thewar_____in1937　  A.wasbrokenout　B.hadbeenbrokenout　  C.hasbrokenout　D.brokeout 4.Themistakesintheexerciseswill_____theteacher.　   A.cross　B.becrossing　C.becrossedby　D.crossby 5.MybrotherandIhave__________herbirthdayparty.　   A.beeninvited　B.beeninvitedfor　C.invitedto　D.beeninvitedto 6.It_______thisway　   A.ishadtodo　B.ishadtobedone　C.hadtobedone　D.hastodo 7.It__thisway.   Ausedtodo　B.usedtobedone　C.isusedtodo　D.isusedtodoing \n8._____Chaplin.　   A.Thechild'snamewascalled　B.Thechild'snamecalls   C.Thechildcalls　D.Thechildisnamed 9.Thesportsmeeting____.　   A.isputoff　B.istoputoff　C.istobeputoff　D.putsoff 10.Maryrealizedshe_________　   A.wasmakingfunof　B.wasmadefun   C.wasbeingmadefunof　D.wasbeingmadefun 11.______tosayathinginthatway　   A.Itisconsiderswrong　B.Itisconsideredwrong   C.Itisconsideredit'swrong　D.Itisconsiedringwrong 12.Heorderedthatthebooks_______atonce.　   A.wouldbeprinted　B.wouldprint　C.beprinted　D.print 13.Thestory______inChinA. 　   A.wastakenplace　B.washappened　  C.tookplace　D.hasbeentakenplace 14.Thehouse_____myparents　   A.isbelongto　B.belongto　C.belongsto　D.isbelongedto 15.He_______byhisteacher.　   A.happenedtosee　B.washappenedtosee   C.happenedtobeseen　D.washappenedtobeseen 16.Greatchanges_____inourprovince.Manytallbuildings.　   A.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetup   B.havetakenplace,havebeensetup   C.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetup   D.weretakenplace,weresetup 17.Thehall's____butit'snotyet____withlamps.　   A.furnished,finished　B.beenfinished,beenfurnished \n  C.beingfinished,beingfurnished　D.setup,full 18.Thenewhallisthetallestbuildinginthistown._____fromhere?　  A.Canitsee　B.Canitbeseen　C.Canitseen　D.Cansee 19.Assoonaswegottotheairport,wefoundthattheplane_____.　   A.hadalreadytakenoff　B.alreadytookoff   C.wasalreadytakingoff　D.wasalreadytakenoff 20.Someofthehotelsinmyhometown_________.　   A.havenowbeenrebuilding　B.arenowrebuilding   C.arenowbeingrebuilt　D.arerebuiltnow 21.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．   A.arenotkept；willhaveto　B.arenotkept；have   C.donotkeep；willhaveto　D.donotkeep；haveto22.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.   A.developed　B.havedeveloped   C.arebeingdeveloped　D.willhavebeendeveloped 23.---____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．　　---Yes，italldependsontheweather．   A.I'vebeentold　B.I'vetold　C.I'mtold　D.Itold 24.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.   A.hascompleted　B.completes　C.hasbeencompleted　D.iscompleted 25.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfrom theearthinthenearfuture.   A.cut　B.arecut　C.arebeingcut　D.hadbeencut 26.Thenewsuspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.   A.hasbeendesigned　B.hadbeendesigned  C.wasdesigned　D.wouldbedesigned 27.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.   A.breaks　B.hasbroken　C.wasbroken　D.hadbeenbroken \n28.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.   A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup  B.havetakenplace;havebeensetup  C.havetakenplace;havesetup  D.weretakenplace;weresetup 29.Thatsuit__over60dollars.   A.hadcosted　B.costed　C.iscosted　D.cost 30.---Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction. ---What'stheprettysmallhousethat__for?   A.isbeingbuilt　B.hasbeenbuilt　C.isbuilt　D.isbuilding 31.---Doyoulikethematerial? ---Yes,it___verysoft.   A.isfeeling　B.felt　C.feels　D.isfelt 32.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．  A.write　B.towrite　C.tobewritten　D.written 33.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．   A.totype　B.typing　C.tobetyped　D.typed 34.Takecare!Don'tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily.   A.won'twashout　B.won'tbewashedout   C.isn'twashedout　D.isn'twashingout 35.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___.   A.beputup　B.givein　C.beturnedon　D.goout 36.Thecomputersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.   A.belongs　B.arebelongedto　C.belongsto　D.belongto 37.---Whatdoyouthinkofthebook? ---Oh,excellent.It'sworth___asecondtime.   A.toread　B.toberead　C.reading　D.beingread 38.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___. \n  A.catching　B.tobecaught　C.beingcaught　D.tocatch 39.Thispageneeded___again.   A.beingchecked　B.checked　C.tocheck　D.tobechecked 40.___manytimes,theboystilldidn'tknowhowtodotheexercises   A.Havingtaught　B.Havingbeentaught　C.taught　D.Teaching Keys1B 2A  3D  4C  5D  6C  7B  8D  9A  10C  11B  12C  13C  14C  15C  16B  17B  18B  19A  20C  21A  22C  23A  24D  25C  26B  27C  28B  29D  30A   31C   32B   33C   34A   35D   36D   37C   38C   39D   40B  高中英语倒装句语法知识汇总完全倒装：整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装。部分倒装：只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装。1.当以there,here,out,in,up,down,away等副词开头的句子，为了起到强调的作用，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。Ourteachercamein.Incameourteacher.这种倒装要求：主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。Hereitis.Awayhewent.这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。Herecomesthebus.Outrushedtheboys.2.how,then,just,often表示时间的副词放在句首，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。Thencame8yearsoftheAntiJapaneseWar.3.表地点状语的介词短语放在句首，要用倒装句式，以示强调。这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置，不加助动词did,does或do.Underabigtree________,halfasleep.A.didsatafatmanB.afatmansatC.didafatmansatD.satafatman4.there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。在“there+be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be,而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live,stand,come,lie,flow,enter,rise和appear等。Therecameshoutsforhelpfromtheriver.Thereliesalargewheatfieldinfrontofthehouse.Manyyearsagotherelivedanoldmaninthewoodenhouse.Infrontofthetowerflewsastream.5.so+动词+主语neither/nor+动词+主语表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。\n否则要用soitiswith…Youcanrideabike.SocanI.HehasbeentoBeijing.SohaveI.Thefirstoneisn’tgood,neitheristhesecond.Hisuncleisaworkerandhasbeenworkinginthefactoryformorethantenyears.Soitiswithhisaunt.6.so+形容词/副词that的结构状语从句可以用正常语序表示，也可以把so+形容词/副词放于句首构成倒装。句型如下：so+形容词/副词+be/助动词/情态动词that+从句。Lighttravelssofastthatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.=Sofastdoeslighttravelthatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.Soeasywastheworkthattheyfinisheditinafewdays.7.done做形容词在句中做表语时，常把表语放在句首，要用倒装句式。GoneforeverarethedayswhentheChinesepeoplehadtouseforeignoil.8.否定副词not,never,seldom,nowhere,little,rarely放于句首时要用倒装句式。Weseldomgetupatfourinthemorning.=Seldomdowegetupatfourinthemorning.Notasinglewordfromhimcouldtheenemydrag.RarelyhaveIheardofsuchasillything.9.hardly…when;scarcely…when…;nosooner…than…可以用正常语序hadhardlydonewhen…did或用倒装句式Hardlyhad+主语+donewhen…did句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。Thebellhardlyhadrungwhentheclassbegan.=Hardlyhadthebellrungwhentheclassbegan.NosoonerhadhearrivedinBeijingthanhebegantowork.10.notonly…butalso如连接两个成分时，不用倒装；连接句子时，前面的句子要用倒装。Notonlywaseverythingthathehadtakenawayfromhim,butalsohisGermancitizenship.Notonlyishebusy,butalsoIhavealotofworktodo.NotonlydoeshespeakEnglishverywell,butalsohespeaksFrenchwell.11.only及所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，要用：only+状语+be/助动词/情态动词+主语及其他OnlywhenhetoldmethenewsdidIknowwhathadhappened.OnlyinthiswaycanyoumakeprogressinyourEnglish.12.虚拟语气中的倒装句IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakethejob.=WereIyou,Iwouldtakethejob.三.巩固练习1._______andcaughtthemouse.A.UpthecatjumpedB.ThecatupjumpedC.UpjumpedthecatD.Jumpedupthecat2.______andthelessonbegan.A.IncameMrBrownB.MrBrownincameC.IncameheD.cameinMrBrown3.Over_______,dead.A.rollingthegoatB.rolledthegoatC.didthegoatrollD.thegoatrolled4.—Whereismyshirt,mum? —_________.A.ThereisitB.ThereitisC.ThereisD.Hereisit5.—Whereisyourfather?—Oh,________.A.herehecomesB.heherecomesC.heredoeshecomeD.herecomeshe6.Thedooropenedandthere________.A.entersanoldmanB.enteredanoldmanC.didanoldmanenterD.anoldmanentered7.Now______yourturntorecitethetext.A.willcomeB.comesC.hascomeD.thereis8.Often_____themnottosmokehere.A.weadvisedB.advisedmeC.didweadviseD.hadweadvised9.________playingsoldiers.A.InsidetheroomweretwoboysB.InsidetheroomtwoboysC.WeretwoboysinsidetheroomD.Insidetheroomwastwoboys\n10.Onthewall_______twolargeportraits.A.arehangingB.hangedC.hangD.hangs11._______whowaswoundedinthestomach.A.AmongthemwereasoldierB.AmongthemwasasoldierC.AmongthemasoldierwasD.Amongtheywasasoldier12.Nextdoortoours________,whoisnolessthaneighty.A.thatlivesanoldmanB.doesanoldmanliveC.livesanoldmanD.wherelivesanoldman13.Sheplaysthepianoverywell,______.A.soeveryoneofusdoesB.everyoneofusdoesC.sodoeseveryoneofusD.sodoeveryoneofus14.Yousayheworkshard,______,and_____.A.sohedoes;soyoudoB.sohedoes;sodoyouC.sodoeshe;sodoyouD.sodoeshe;soyoudo15.—Ithoughtyouwomenwerepresentatthemeeting. —__________.A.SowewereB.SowedidC.SowereweD.Sodidwe16.Idon’tthinkJackwillcometoday,_____.A.norwillMaryB.andMarydoesn’tC.MarywilleitherD.orMarydoes17.Sheisfondofcooking,_____I.A.soamB.noramC.neitherdoD.nordo18.MarxwasborninGermanyandGermanwashisnativelanguage.A.SoitwaswithEnglesB.SowasitwithEnglesC.SowasEnglesD.SodidEngles19.Afishneedswaterandwithoutwateritwilldie._______.A.SodoesamanB.SowillamanC.SoitiswithamanD.Soisitwithaman20.Soabsorbed_______theworkthatsheoftenforgotto_____hermeals.A.hadshebeenin;doB.shewasin;makeC.wasshein;takeD.shehadbeenin;have21.Soloudly______thateveryoneoftheclasscouldhearhim.A.didhespeakB.didhespokeC.spokeheD.hespoke22.__________hisappearancethatnoonecouldrecognizehim.A.StrangesowasB.SostrangewasC.WassostrangeD.Sowasstrange23.Notonce______theirplan.A.didtheychangeB.theychangedC.changedtheyD.theydidchange24.Never______suchawonderfulplaceasHangzhou.A.areseeingB.hadIseenC.IhaveseenD.haveIseen25.Seldom______TVduringtheday.A.theywatchB.aretheywatchingC.havetheywatchedD.dotheywatch26.Nowhere______asinmygarden.A.theflowersweresobeautifulB.weretheflowerssobeautifulC.sobeautifulweretheflowersD.sobeautifultheflowerswere27.Hardly________hishomeworkwhenhewentout.A.finishedheB.hehadfinishedC.didhefinishD.hadhefinished28.Scarcely_____finishedtheirhomework______Icameintotheclassroom.A.hadthey;thanB.theyhad;whenC.hadthey;whenD.didthey;when29.Notonly_______apromise,butalsohekeptit.A.hashemadeB.doeshemakeC.hemadeD.didhemake30.Notuntilhiscomradescriticizedhim_______toadmithismistake.A.hadhebegunB.beganheC.didhebeginD.doeshebeginPartII1._____canyouexpecttogetapayrise.a.withhardworkb.althoughworkhardc.onlywithhardworkd.nowthatheworkshard\n2.____,motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.a.howeverlateisheb.howeverheislatec.howeverishelated.howeverlateheis3.notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver,_____howseriousthepollutionwas.a.didthevillagersrealizeb.thevillagersrealizedc.thevillagersdidrealized.didn’tthevillagersrealize4.notuntilibegantowork____howmuchtimeihadwasted.a.didn’trealizeb.didirealizec.ididn’trealized.irealized5.—doyouknowjimquarrelwithhisbrother?—idon’tknow,_______.a.nordon’ticareb.nordoicarec.idon’tcareneitherd.idon’tcarealso6.onlybypracticingafewhourseveryday_____beabletowastemuchtime.a.youcanb.canyouc.youwilld.willyou7.notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury_____whatheatis.a.mandidknowb.manknewc.didn’tmanknowd.didmanknow8._____gotintotheroom,_____thetelephonerang.a.hehardly;thenb.hardlyhadhe;whenc.hehadnot;thand.nothadhe;when9.______snacksanddrinks，buttheyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest.a.notonlytheybroughtb.notonlydidtheybringc.notonlybroughttheyd.notonlytheydidbring10.—idon’tthinkicanwalkanyfurther.—_____,let’sstophereforarest.a.neithercanib.neitherdoIc.ididn’tthinksod.ithinkso11.onlyinthisway______doitwell.a.mustweb.wecouldc.canwed.wecan12.hardly____whenitbegantorain.a.hadhearrivedb.arrivedhec.hehadarrivedd.didhearrive13.jackisastudentandstudiesattheno.2middleschool._____.a.itwasthesamewithmikeb.soitiswithmikec.soismiked.sodoesmike14.______,iwouldhavegivenyouhisaddress.a.ifyouaskedmeb.youhadaskedmec.shouldyouhaveaskedmed.hadyouaskedme15._____thattheyhadmadeanimportantdiscoveryinscience.a.littletheyrealizedb.theyhadrealizedlittlec.littledidtheyrealized.littlehadtheyrealized16.______thaticouldn’tbeabsorbedinthework.a.theymadesuchtalkedb.soloudlytheytalkedc.itwasnoiseoutsided.suchaloudnoisedidtheymake17.manyatime_____megoodadvice.a.hegaveb.doeshegivec.hehasgivend.hashegiven18.____haveiseenabetterperformance.a.everywhereb.nowhereelsec.everywhereelsed.nowhere19.notasingleword____atthebeginning.a.didhesayb.hashesaidc.hesaidd.hehassaid20.onlyinanhourago____outwhyhewasabsent.a.didtheteacherfoundb.theteacherfoundc.didtheteacherfindd.hadtheteacherfound\n答案1—5CABBA6—10BBBDA11—15BCCBA16—20BAACC21—25ABADD26—30BDCDC强调句型复习指导一、强调句的基本结构及用法1.基本结构。如：It+be+被强调成分+that(who)…Heboughtthebookinthisshopyesterday.→Itwashethatboughtthebookinthisshopyesterday.(强调主语he)→Itwasthebookthatheboughtinthisshopyesterday.(强调宾语thebook)→Itwasinthisshopthatheboughtthebookyesterday.(强调地点状语inthisshop)【注】在该强调结构中，itis(was)…that(who)…为结构词，它通常可以省略，而不影响句子的意思。2.关于that与who。当被强调部分指人时，可以用who代that；当被强调部分指物时通常用that。注意：强调事物时，通常不宜用which来代that，另外当强调时间或地点状语时，通常也不能用when/where代that(尤其是当这些状语为介词短语时)。3.关于被强调成分。该强调句型中，被强调的成分除了是名词、代词、介词短语等之外,也可以是从句。如：Itiswhenhegotbackthatheknewwhathadhappened.他回来后才知道所发生的情况。Itwasbecausehelovedmymoneythathemarriedme.他是因为爱我的钱才同我结了婚。【注】(1)该句型可强调because引导原因状语从句，但通常不能强调由since,as引导的原因状语从句，另外也不强调由although引导的让步状语从句。(2)该句型可以强调主语，但不强调表语。二、两种值得注意的强调句结构1.强调句的特殊疑问句形式。强调句型的陈述句形式和一般疑问句形式一般还好理解，但若以特殊疑问句形式出现，则很容易误解。比较：Jimtoldusthenews.(非强调句)ItwasJimthattoldusthenews.(强调句型的陈述句形式)WasitJimthattoldusthenews.(强调句型的一般疑问句形式)Whowasitthattoldusthenews.(强调句型的特殊疑问句形式)特殊疑问句形式的强调句可视为对陈述句强调中的被强调成分提问得来，如对Itwasyesterdaythathearrived.这一句中的yesterday提问，即得到Whenwasitthathearrived?2.not...until用于强调句。其基本形式为Itis(was)notuntil…that…。比较：Hedidn’tcomeuntilhiswifeleft.他妻子走了之后他才来。Itwasnotuntilhiswifeleftthathecame.他妻子走了之后他才来。Theydidn’tstartuntiltherainstopped.直到雨停他们才出发。Itwasnotuntiltherainstoppedthattheystarted.直到雨停他们才出发。三、错误判断强调句的两种情况1.将非强调句判为强调句。前面讲到强调时间状语时，通常要用itis…that…，而不用itis…when…，所以有的同学对于下题选择了A。如：Itwasteno’clock______hecameback.A.that                B.whenC.so                  D.\nwhich其实此题最佳答案为B，这不是一个强调句型。When引导的是一个时间状语从句，全句意为“当他回来时，时间是10点钟”。比较以下强调句型。如：Itwasatteno’clockthathecameback.他是10点钟回来的。Itwasafterteno’clockthathecameback.他是在10点过后回来的。Itwasbeforeteno’clockthathecameback.他是在10点前回来的。再比较：Itisautumnwhenleavesfall.当树叶落的时候就是秋天了。Itisinautumnthatleavesfall.树在秋天落叶。另外，下面的句子也不是强调句型。如：(1)It’salongtime______Imetyoulast.A.that                  B.sinceC.when                D.which(2)Itwasmorethanayearnow_____hehadseenher.A.that                  B.sinceC.when                D.which(3)"Wasithere_____youwereawaytalkingtoafriend?""Sure.ButwhenIgotbackthere,itwasgone."A.that                  B.whileC.which                D.where        以上三题均选B，即前面两句填since，其意为“自从”；第(3)填while，其意为“在…期间”。2.将强调句判为非强调句。有些强调句型由于句子本身有一定的特殊性，比如是强调句的特殊疑问句形式，强调句型情态动词或复杂时态等，强调句中的被强调成分过于复杂，强调句与其他从句混杂在一起，等等，这都可能掩盖强调句型的本来面目，从而导致误判。如：(1)Whenwas_____thatthegeneralmanagerleftforJapan?A.he                  B.itC.that                  D.since答案选B，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式。(2)ItmighthavebeenJohn_____boughtapresentforMaryyesterday.A.that                  B.whenC.what                D.which答案选A，为强调句型，只是其中的动词be采用了mighthavebeen这一复杂结构。(3)Itwaswhathemeantratherthanwhathesaid______annoyedme.A.which                B.asC.what                D.that答案选D，为强调句型，被强调部分为whathemeantratherthanwhathesaid，句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。(4)Itwasjustintheroom_____hewasborn_____hedied.A.where,which        B.that,thatC.where,that          D.which,that答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分是inthisroom，wherehewasborn为修饰theroom的定语从句。(fromwww.nmet168.com)(5)Itwaslackofmoney,notofeffort,_____defeatedtheirplan.A.which                B.asC.that                  D.what答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为lackofmoney,notofeffort。