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高中英语代词详解代词分为九类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词\疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。1、人称代词 (1)人称代词作主语用主格,作宾语、表语用宾格,但应注意以下情况: 在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如:He is taller than me/I.(2)两个以上的人称代词并列,其次序排列原则: ①在并列主语中,“I”总是放在最后,排列顺序为:二 三 一(人称)。宾格me也一样。 You ,she and I will be in charge of the case. Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him. 2.物主代词 (1)名词和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。 (2)one’s own+n=...of one’s own句式的转换。 3.反身代词 (1)反身代词的语法功能:宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。 (2)反身代词和某些动词连有,构成固定短语或用于某些成语中。 enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood for oneself为自己或独立地,of oneself自然地,自动地by oneself独自地,in oneself本身性质 They were discussing about it among themselves.(相互共同) 4.相互代词(each other, one another) 相互代词无人称、数和格的区别,在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each other’s 、one another’s ,作定语。一般来说,each other指两者之间,one another指三者或三者以上之间,但现在区分已不明显。注意人称代词It的用法(1.)JohnlikesplayingPingpong./Healwaysdoesitintheafternoon.(指代上下文提到的相同事物);It'stimewewenthome./Howfarisitfromheretoyourhome?/Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer./It'sveryquietatthemoment.(可指时间、天气、环境等)(2)在没有说明对象的性别时如Itisalovelychild.(2.)引导词 A.作形式主语,代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。It'simportantforustolearnasecondlanguage./It'snousetalkingtohim./It'sknowntoallthattheearthgoesroundthesun.B.作形式宾语,代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。 Wefeelitourdutytohelpothers.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.C.用在一些固定结构中:Itis(was)+被强调部分+that(或who)…Seetoitthat=makesurethatwhenitcomestomakeit5.指示代词(this, that , these, those, such, same) 指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性,在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。指示代词this和that的区别。 ①7\nthis (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物;that(those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物。 This is my desk and that is yours. In those days they could not go to school. ②this常指后面要讲到的事物,有启下的作用;that则指前面讲到过的事物,有承上的作用。 I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon. hadacold.That'swhyIdidn'tcome.③为了避免重复,常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。 The weather of Beijing is colder than ____________ of Nanjing. The ears of a rabbit are longer than ______________ of a fox. TelevisionsetsmadeinBeijingarejustasgoodas____________madeinShanghai④this在电话用语中作自我介绍,that询问对方;this和that可以当副词用,意思相当于副词so。 6、疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,一般都放在句首,并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如:Whoisgoingtocomeheretomorrow?Whoseumbrellaisthis?(1)who/what 询问姓名或关系。——Who is he? ——He is my brother./He is Henry. 询问职业或地位。——What is he? ——He is a lawyer/teacher. (2)which与who、what which表示在一定范围内,而who、what则无此限制。 I found two books on the desk.Which is yours? 7.连接代词和关系代词 8、不定代词 不定代词主要有:all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。还有由some、any、no和every构成合成代词,不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质,并有可数和不可数之分,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等(every、no只能作定语)。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别。 (1)some与any 一般用法:some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连用,注意:与some,any结合的词如something,somebody,someone,anything,anyone,anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法,大致和some,any的用法相同。some一般用于肯定句,any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。 He has some Chinese paintings.Some like sports,others like music.Do you have any questions to ask? I don’t know any of the students. 特殊用法:①any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。 Any child can do that.(定语) You may take any of them.(宾语) ②some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。 Smith went to some place in England.(定语) ③在期待对方回答yes 时,some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。 Would you like some bananas?(邀请) Mum,could you give me some money?(请求) ④some 用于否定句表示部分否定。 I don’t know some of the students. some和any在句中还可作状语,作副词。some意为“大约”相当于“about”,而any则表示程度,意为“稍,丝毫”。如: 7\nThere are some 300 workers on strike. Do you feel any better today? (2)one,both,all ①one作定语、表语、主语或宾语,可以指人或物,表示“一个”的意思,其复数为ones,指人时,其所有格是one’s,反身代词是oneself. One should try one’s best to serve the people. This is not the one I want.one、ones可以代替上文提到过的名词,以免重复,one、ones前面分别可以用this、that、these、those或the、which等词修饰。如: These books are more interesting than those ones. Here are three pens.Which one is yours,this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box? ②both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语,可以指人或指物,表示“两者都”的意思。 Both of the boys are here. We both are students.注意:both用于否定句,表示部分否定;表示完全否定时,用neither。如:Both of us are not teachers. Neither of us is a teacher. ③all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语,指“全部的”、“整个的”,可与可数或不可数名词连用,除少数情况外,一般不与单数可数名词连用,与复数名词连用时,表示“所有的”、“全部的”,指三个或三个以上的人或物。 He gave me all the money.All the schools are flooded.注意:all 用于否定句,表示部分否定,完全否定用none。如: Not all the ants go out for food.(or:All the ants don’t go out for food.)None of the money is mine.(3)many和much (4)few, little; a few, a little 注意:alittle和little也可以用作副词,alittle表示“有点,稍微”,little表示“很少”。I'malittlehungry.(修饰形容词hungry) (5)no/none /nothing/nobodyno=not any,表示“没有”,用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词,通常作定语. 注意:none既可以指人又可以指物,相当于no+名词;可回答howmany/much的提问,可与of连用,而no one=nobody只能指人,不与of连用。nothing指物 ,可回答what的提问,不与of连用。(6)each和every each(各个),指两个或两个以上的人或物,侧重个体,在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every(每个),指三个或三个以上的人或物,侧重整体,在句中只能作定语。 Every student inour class has a dictionary.=Allthestudents…(定语,强调班上“所有的人”) Each student in our class has a dictionary.(定语,强调各个个体) Each of them has been there.(主语) We each got a ticket.(同位语) (7)either和neither either是“两者中任何一个”的意思,可修饰或代替单数可数名词,neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思,可以修饰或代替单数可数名词,它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。如: Here are two pens. You may take either of them.(宾语) Neither boy knows French.(定语) 注意:①either也作副词,其意为“也”,用于否定句的句末。He doesn’tlike tea, and I don’t either.②either与or构成连词,意为“不是„„就是„„”或“要么„„要么„„”。③neither用作副词,意为“也不”,即“not„either”。He can’t do it, _______________I. ④neither可与nor连用,意为“既不„„也不”。Neither he nor you ______ a student. (8)other和another, the others 和others 7\nthe other表示“两者中的另一个”;“the other + 复数可数名词”表示“其余(他)的„„”;the others表示“其他的人或物”。“others及other + 复数名词”泛指“其他的(别的)人或物”。这些词语在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如: He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel. Five of the pencils are red, the others(the other pens)are yellow. Some are singing, others are dancing. another修饰或代替单数可数名词,意为“(三个或三个以上的)另一个”,不能指两者中的另一个,在句中可作宾语和定语。 This coat is too dark. Please show me another.(宾语) Please give me another book.(定语) 注意:another修饰复数名词时,意为“再,又”。如:Please give me another ten minutes. one „ another(a second)„ a third,the other„意为“一个„„一个„„一个„„一个”用于三者或三者以上的排列。someothers,others„,意为“一些„„一些„„一些”。7\n过关测试【2012全国II】9.Sarahmade______totheairportjustintimetocatchherplanethismorning.A.herself B.this C.that D.it【2012四川卷】2.Newtechnologieshavemade____possibletoturnoutnewproductsfasterandatalowercost.A.that B.this C.one D.it【2012江西卷】23.Mybrotherwouldliketobuyagoodwatchbut wasavailablefromthatshop.A.nothing B.none C.noone D.neither【2012重庆卷】21.-John,whenshallwemeetagain,ThursdayorFriday? -_________.I’llbeofftoLondonthen. A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None【2012北京卷】Ifyou’rebuyingtoday’spaperfromthestand,couldyouget forme?A. one B. such C. this D. that【2012浙江卷】5.______StudyingWendy'smenu,Ifoundthatmanyoftheitemsaresimilarto______ofMcDonald's.A.those B.ones C.any D.all【2012江苏卷】23. Sophiawaitedforareply,but____came.A.either B.another C.neither D.none【2012陕西卷】13.Nomatterwhereheis,hemakes_____aruletogoforawalkbeforebreakfast. A.him Bthis C.that D.it【2012全国新课程】31.LarryasksBillandPetertogoonapicnicwithhim,but ofthemwantsto,becausetheyhaveworktodo.A.either B.anyC.neither D.none【2012山东卷】21.Whenyouaredonewiththebook,justgiveittoLucyorHelenor__________.A.whoever B.wherever C.whatever D.however【2011全国卷II,11】Igotthisbicyclefor ;Myfriendgaveittomewhensheboughtanewone. A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing【2011北京卷,34】Theemploymentratehascontinuedtoriseinbigcitiesthankstotheeffortsofthelocalgovernmentstoincrease .A.them B.those C.it D.that【2011天津卷,1】Wefeel ourdutytomakeourcountryabetterplace.A.it B.this C.that D.one7\n【2011上海春招,26】Theyproducedtworeports,______ofwhichcontainedanyusefulsuggestions. A.either B.all C.none D.neither【2011山东卷,24】Thetwogirlsaresoalikethatstrangersfind________difficulttotellonefromtheother.A.it B.them C.her D.that【2011福建卷,21】Wehavevarioussummercampsforyourholidays.Youcanchoose____basedonyourowninterests.A.either B.each C.one D.it【2011安徽卷,22】Surprisingly,Susan’sbeautifulhairreachedbelowherkneesandmade_____almostanovercoatforher.A.them B.her C.itself D.herself【2011浙江卷,7】Sincepeoplearefondofhumor,itisaswelcomeinconversationas________else.A.anything B.something C.anywhere D.somewhere【2011四川卷,3】Thereis inhiswords.Weshouldhaveatry.A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything【2011重庆卷,27】——Sillyme!Iforgetwhatmyluggagelookslike.——Whatdoyouthinkof overthere?A.theone B.this C.it D.that【2011陕西卷,16】——Wouldyougetmeabarofchocolatefromthekitchen,dear?—— one? A.Other B.Every C.Another D.More【2011湖南卷,24】Iknewthat _____wouldeverdiscouragehim;hewouldnevergiveupwantingtobeadirector.A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing【2011辽宁卷,27】——Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?—— ,thankyou.I'vejusthadsomewater.A.Either B.Both C.Any D.Neither【2011江西卷25】Whydon’tyoubring_____tohisattentionthatyou’retooilltoworkon?A.that B.it C.his D.him〖10福建〗WhenyouintroducemetoMr.Johnson,couldyoupleasesay forme?A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing〖10上海〗Ifourparentsdoeverythingforuschildren,wewon’tlearntodependon A.themselves B.them C.us D.ourselves〖10安徽〗Youareateamstar!Workingwith_______isreallyyourcupoftea.A.both B.either C.others D.theother7\n〖10山东〗Helpingothersisahabit,_______youcanlearnevenatanearlyage.A.it B.that C.what D.one〖10天津〗 inmylifeimpressedmesodeeplyasmyfirstvisittothePalaceMuseum.A.Anything B.Nothing C.Everything D.Something〖10陕西〗ThecostofrentingahouseincentralXi’anishigherthan____inanyotherareaofthecity.A.that B.this C.it D.one 〖10四川〗Onmydeskisaphotothatmyfathertookof whenIwasababy. A.him B.his C.me D.mine〖10全国Ⅱ〗Neithersideispreparedtotalkto______unlesswecansmooththingsoverbetweenthem.A.others B.theother C.another D.oneother〖10重庆〗Hehadlosthistemperandhishealthinthewarandneverfound ofthemagain.A.neither B.either C.each D.all〖10重庆〗Toimprovethequalityofourproducts,weaskedforsuggestions hadusedtheproducts.A.whatever B.who C.whichever D.which〖10浙江〗 that’simportantisthatyouaredoingyourbestandmovingintherightdirection.A.One B.All C.Everything D.Anything7