高中英语阅读拓展 78页

堡镇中学高中英语校本教材78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材ContentsChapteronecharactersPassage1Picasso……………………………………（4）Passage2Houdini……………………………………（6）Passage3FlorenceNightingale………………………（8）Passage4O.Henery…………………………………（10）Passage5Ronaldobackinspotlight,stillinManchester………………………………（13）ChaptertwoEventsPassage1Greenrevolution…………………………（16）Passage2BirthoftheBroadwaymusical…………（17）Passage3AtripawayfromtheEarth………………（19）Passage4Hikingtofivecontinents…………………（21）Passage5News……………………………………（24）ChapterthreeScience&TechnologyPassage1X-Rays………………………………………（27）Passage2wondersofwireless…………………………（29）Passage3Dodogsunderstandus?……………………（30）Passage4Hackers.……………………………………（33）Passage5goodtooldesign……………………………（37）78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材ChapterfourMedicine&HealthPassage1OdorandAgeing……………………………（39）Passage2Vaccination…………………………………（41）Passage3Repairdamagedcorneas……………………（43）Passage4Astrangedisease……………………………（45）Passage5TVaffectsdreams……………………………（48）ChapterfiveculturePassage1humannoseandculture………………………（52）Passage2Father’sDay…………………………………（54）Passage3manylanguagesarequicklydisappearing……（56）Passage4Twoworldscometogether…………………（59）Passage5LongtimerivalryturnstotheInternet………（62）ChaptersixsocietyPassage1Tradition……………………………………（65）Passage2Howtobeawiseconsumer…………………（67）Passage3NBAplayers…………………………………（70）Passage4Takingtimeoff………………………………（73）Passage5Girlsdoaswellasboysinscience…………（75）78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材ChapteroneCharacter1.PicassoPabloPicassowasthefirstartisttoenjoytheattentionofthemassmedia.Noartist,notevenMichelangelo,wasasfamousinhisownlifetimeasPicassowas.Morethanfamous,Picassowasthemostinfluentialartistofthetwentiethcentury.AsaboyinSpain,Picassowasregardedasagenius.Butitwasn’tuntil1906,whenhewastwenty-fiveyearsoldthathecreatedaworkthatwouldrevolutionizepainting—“LesDemoisellesd’Avingon”.Inthepainting,Picassofragments(打碎，分裂)hissubjectmatterintoplanes(平面图形)thatappearassharp,geometricshapes,applyingprincipleshewouldcontinuetoexplorewithGeorgesBraqueforseveralyears.Criticsderided(嘲笑，愚弄)theangularimagesanddubbedPicassoandBraque“Cubists”.Today,Cubism(立体派)isconsideredthemostinfluentialartmovementoftheearlytwentiethcentury.Picassoconsideredpainting“aninstrumentofwaragainstbrutalityanddarkness.”Heusedthatinstrumentmostfamouslyin“Guernica”,whichexpressestheartist’srevulsion(反感)atthebombingoftheBasquecapitol(议会大厦)duringtheSpanishcivilwar.Asasculptor,Picassowasoneofthefirstartiststorecyclejunkintoart.His“HeadofBull,Metamorphosis”wascreatedfromtheseatandhandlebarsofabicycle.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材WhenPicassodiedin1973,theworldlostanartisticgeniuswhoselikewillneverbeenseenagain.Choosethebestanswer.1.Picassowasbornin_____.A.1873B.1879C.1881D.19062.Picassorevolutionizepaintingattheageof_____.A.20B.25C.26D.353.Accordingtothepassage,“Cubism”is_____.A.aspecialwayofpaintinginwhichfragmentsofthesubjectareputtogetherinarandomwayB.aspecialwayofpaintinginwhichsolidbodieswithsixequalsquaresidesarepresentedC.aspecialstyleofpaintinginwhichgeometricalshapesarepresentedD.astyleofpaintinginwhichobjectsarepresentedsothattheyappeartobelargelyofgeometricalshapes4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofPicasso’sopiniononpainting?A.Hethoughtpaintingwasaninstrumenttomakelifebetter.B.Hebelievedpaintingwasatoolforrealizingone’sgoals.C.Heconsideredpaintinganinstrumenttofightagainstbrutalityanddarkness.D.Hereckonedpaintingasawaytoexpresshisfeelingstowardsthe78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材bombingoftheBasqueintheSpanishcivilwar.2.HoudiniTheManofManySecretsharryHoudiniwasoneofthegreatestAmericanentertainersinthetheaterthiscentury.Hewasamanfamousforhisescapesformprisoncells,fromwoodenboxesfloatinginrivers,fromlockedtanksfullofwater.HeappearedintheatersalloverEuropeandAmerica.CrowdscametoseethegreatHoudiniandhis“magic”tricks.Ofcourse,hissecretwasnotmagic,orsupernaturalpowers.Itwassimplystrength.Hehadtheabilitytomovehistoesaswellashemovedhisfingers.Hecouldmovehisbodyintoalmostanypositionhewanted.Houdinistartedworkingintheentertainmentworldwhenhewas17,in1891.HeandhisbrotherTheoperformedcardtricksinaclubinNewYork.theycalledthemselvestheHoudiniBrothers.WhenHarrymarriedin1894,heandhiswifeBessworkedtogetherasmagicianandassistant.Butforalongtimetheywerenotverysuccessful.ThenHarryperformedhisfirstprisonescape,inChicagoin1898.harrypersuadedadetectivetolethimtrytoescapefromtheprison,andheinvitedthelocalnewspapermentowatch.ItwasthepublicitythatcamefromthisthestartedHayyrHoudini’ssuccess.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材Harryhadfingerstrainedtoescapefromhandcuffsandtoestrainedtoescapefromanklechains.Buthisbiggestsecretwashowheunlockedtheprisondoors.Everytimehewentintotheprisoncell,Bessgavehimakissforgoodluckandasmallskeletonkey,whichisakeythatfitsmanylocks,passedquicklyfromhermouthtohis.Harryusedtheseprisonescapestobuildhisfame.hearrangedtoescapefromthelocaljailofeverytownhevisited.Intheafternoon,thepeopleofthetownwouldreadaboutitintheirlocalnewspapers,andintheeveningeveryseatinthelocaltheaterwouldbefull.Whatwastheresult?World-widefame,andanamerememberedtoday.Choosethebestanswer.1.Accordingtothepassage,houdini’ssuccessinprisonescapesdependson________.A.hismagictricksandunhumanpowersB.hisspecialtricksandaskeletonkeyC.hisunusualabilityandaskeletonkeyD.hisunhumantalentsandmagictricks2.Inthefourthparagraph,theworld“this”refersto________.A.theprevioussentenceB.“thepublicity”C.theplace,Chicago78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材D.thetime,18983.Accordingtothepassage,howdidHoudinigetthekeywhichhelpedhimunlockprisondoors?A.Hetookthekeyfromhiswife’smouth.B.Hiswifepassedittohishandwhilekissinghim.C.Hiswifegaveittohimbyamagictrick.D.Hegotitinhismouththroughakissbythewife.4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatHoudinibecamefamous_________.A.whenhewasabout24B.whenhewasabout17C.aftertheyear1894D.beforetheyear18985.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.HoudiniusedtobeafamousmagicianintheUSA.B.HoudiniwasfirstrecognizedwidelyinChicago.C.Houdinienteredtheentertainmentworldtogetherwithhiswife.D.Houdiniowedhisgreatsuccesstohissmallskeletonkey.3.FlorenceNightingaleSeventeen-year-oldFlorenceNightingalewashavingabitterargumentwithherparents.ShesaidthatshehadheardthevoiceofGod78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材tellinghershehadaspecialmissioninlife---thatGodwantedhertonursethesick.Theysaid,forgetaboutit.InEngland,in1837,herwealthyandwell-educatedparentswerestillinapositiontotellherwhattodo.Theywantedhertogetmarried—tosomebodyofhersocialstation–notjustaprofessionmadeupmostlyofdrunkenprostitutes---whichitwasatthetime.ButFlorenceNightingalewasadamant(坚韧的).Afteryearsofparentalmeddling(干涉),andtwoyearsofanursingschoolinGermany,atage33,shelandedajobreorganizingaLondonhospital.Thenin1854,thingsstartedtohappenquickly:BritainandRussiawenttowarintheCrimea.Britishcasualitiesincludedaboutfivethousandwounded.Thehospitalatthefrontwasinterriblecondition:unsanitary(不卫生的),disorganized,andlackingbasicmedicalequipment.TheeardepartmentsentFlorenceNightingaleand38othernurses,whobroughthumanetreatmenttoeachandeverysoldier.Themenadoredherandcalledher“theladywiththelamp”becausesheinspectedthehospitallateatnighteveryward,personally.“Theladywiththelamp”wouldthereafterbethenew,positiveimageofnursinginthemodemera.Choosethebestanswer.1.WhatwastheattitudeNightingale’sparentstooktowardherdecisionoftakingonnursing?A.Theystronglyopposedthedecision.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材B.Theyleftthedecisiononherown.C.Theybelievedinwhatshetoldthemaboutthespecialmission.D.Theyencouragedhertotakethenursingjob.1.Nightingale’sparentswantedherto_____.A.StudymedicineB.getrichC.getmarriedtosomebodyagainstherwillD.getwell-educated2.Nightingalestudiednursingfortwoyearsin_____.A.EnglandB.SwitzerlandC.FranceD.Germany3.WhydidthesoldierscallNightingale“theladywiththelamp”?A.BecauseshelikedlampsB.Becauseshealwaysheldalamp.C.Becausetheywantedhertotakethelamp.D.Becauseshealwayswenttotakecareofthemlateinthenight4.O.HenryO.HenrywasanAmericanshort-storywriter,amasterofsurprisingendings,whowroteaboutthelifeofordinarypeopleinNewYorkCity.Atwistofplot,whichturnsonanironicorcoincidentalcircumstance,istypicalofO.Henry’sstories.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材WilliamSydneyPorter(O.Henry)wasborninNorthCarolina.Hisfatherwasaphysician.WhenWilliamwasthree,hismotherdied,andhewasraisedbyhisgrandmotherandaunt.Attheageoffifteenheleftschool,andthenworkedinadrugstore.HemovedtoHouston,wherehehadanumberofjobs,includingthatofbankclerk.AftermovingtoAustin,Texas,in1882,hemarried.In1884hestartedahumorousweeklyTheRollingStone.Whentheweeklyfailed,hejoinedtheHoustonPostasareporterandcolumnist.In1897hwwasconvictedofembezzlingmoney,althoughtherehasbeenmuchdebateoverhisactualguilt.WhileinprisonO.HenrystartedtowriteshortstoriestoearnmoneytosupporthisdaughterMargaret.Hisfirstwork,WhistlingDick’sChristmasStocking(1899),appearedinMcClure’sMagazine.Afterdoingthreeyearsofthefiveyearssentence,Porteremergedfromtheprisonin1901andchangedhisnametoO.Henry.O.HenrymovedtoNewYorkcityin1902andfromDecember1903toJanuary1906hewroteastoryaweekfortheNewYorkWorld,alsopublishinginothermagazines.Henry’sfirstcollection,CabbagesAndKingsappearedin1904.Thesecond,TheFourMillion,waspublishedtwoyearslaterandincludedhiswell-knowstoriesTheGiftoftheMagiandTheFurnishedRoom.O.Henrypublished10collectionsandover600shortstoriesduringhislifetime.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材O.Henry’slastyearswereshadowedbyillhealthandfinancialproblems.HemarriedSaraLindsayColemanin1907,butthemarriagewasnothappy,andtheyseparatedoneyearlater.O.HenrydiedonJune5,1910,inNewYork.Choosethebestanswer.1.ThefollowingstatementsarethecharacteristicsofO.Henry’sstoriesexcept______A.thesstoriesoftenendwithsurprisingendings.B.therearealotofcoincidencesinhisstories.C.thestoriesaremainlyaboutcommonpeople.D.hisownexperiencesaremainsubjectsinhisstories.2.Wecaninferfromthetextthat______.A.O.Henry’smother’sdeathresultedinhisleavingschool.B.O.HenryearnedmuchmoneybystartingtheWeekly.C.somepeoplebelievedO.Henrywasputinprisonfornogoodreason.D.hisdaughteraskedO.Henrytowriteshortstories.3.OneofO.Henry’smostfamousstoryTheGiftoftheMagicameoutin______.A.1902B.1904C.1906D.190778\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材4.WhatdoyouthinkofO.Henry’slife?A.RoughB.Smooth.C.Rich.D.Happy.5.Ronaldobackinspotlight,stillinManchesterTHElasttimeCristianoRonaldowasseeninaManchesterUnitedshirt,helaydowninthecentercircletohugthespotlight.Itwasattheendoflastseason’sChampionsLeaguefinalinMoscowinMay.The23-year-oldforwardresumed(重新开始)hisUnitedcareerlastWednesdaynightatOldTraffordinGroupEoftheChampionsLeague.Andfromthatmomenton,hehasbeenthefocusofattentionagain.Hedidn’tstartagainstVillarrealandonlyplayedasasecond-halfsubstituteinUnited’s0-0drawwiththeSpanishclub.Nevertheless(然而),hewasalreadythestory.Asummerofdiscontent(不满)beganwithRonaldobeggingtoleaveforSpanishnumberoneclubRealMadrid.Buthewasforcedintosubmission(服从)bytheironwillofhismanagerSirAlexFerguson.“Theyoungmanwastempted(诱惑)bythelureofthemoney.Butsincewegavehimourdecisionhehasaccepteditwell,”saidFerguson.“He’sshownfantasticmaturity(成熟)inthelastfewweeks.Hehasjustacceptedthesituationandgotonwithit.Therehasbeennothrowingthetoysoutofthepram(发泄不满).”78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材OnebigchallengefacingRonaldo,however,istowinbacktheheartsoffans.Apollononesupporters’websitehas40percentoffansadmittingthatthey“dislikehim[Ronaldo]more”asaresultofhisattempttoforceatransfer(转会)toMadrid.WhileRonaldo’sinflatingego(膨胀的自我)angeredlotsofhisteammatesinthedressingroomlastseason,Ronaldohasalreadybeenmissedthisseason.Unitedplayedpoorlyinlosing2-1atLiverpoolonSeptember13andhadtakenonlyfourpointsfromtheirfirstthreePremierLeaguegames.Choosethebestanswer:1.Thepurposeofthetextisto_____.A.tellusaboutCristianoRonaldo’sattempttotransferandtheresultB.showthatthespotlightfollowsCristianoRonaldowhateverhedoesC.telluswhatkindofpersonCristianoRonaldoisD.keepusinformedaboutCristianoRonaldo2.Thesentence"hewasalreadythestory"(Paragraph3)meansthat________.A.peopledoubtwhetherhecouldplayaswellasbeforeB.hiscomebackwasnotasexcitingasexpectedC.people’sattentionwerefixedonhim78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材D.manyreporterscametointerviewhim3.Accordingtothetext,Ronaldo’sattempttogettransferredtoRealMadrid______.A.failedandhasupsethimuntilnowB.ledtoadecreaseinhispopularityC.gotsupportfromhisclubmanagerD.resultedfromquarrelswithhisteammates4.Fromthelasttwoparagraphswecanseethat_____.A.histeammatesarestillmadatRonaldoB.histeammateshaveforgivenRonaldoC.hopesareplacedonRonaldotopickuptheteam’sperformanceD.theteamhaven’tplayedwellduetobadrelationshipsamongtheteammates78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材Chapter2Events1.GreenRevolutionAsfamine(饥荒)loomedoverSouthAsiainthemid1960s,aninternationalteamofplantbreederssteppedforwardwithadramaticsolution.LedbyNormanBorlaugoftheUnitedStates,thecropscientistsofferedfarmersinIndiaandPakistantheseedsofnew,high-yielding(高产的)varietiesofriceandwheat.Theseedsweretheproductofnearlytwodecadesofselectivebreedingresearch.Thenew,shorter-stalkedcropsstoodstraighterandproducedmoregrainthanoldervarieties.In1966,theywereplantedwidelyacrosstheSouthAsiancontinent.Withintwoseasons,theyhadtransformedtheregion’sagriculture.Averagewheatandriceyieldsmorethantripled.Thefoodcrisiswasaverted.ThestunningbreakthroughbroughtNormanBorlaugtheNobelPrizein1970andlaunchedaglobalnetworkofplantresearchcenters.Itwastheopeningshotinwhatcametobecalledthe“GreenRevolution”–thedevelopmentofhigh-yielding,disease-resistantcrops,which,overthepastthirtyyears,havegreatlyenhancedglobalfoodsecurity.Today,effortsarefocusedondevelopingfoodcropsforthepoorsoilsandaridclimes(具有某种气候的地区)offamine-prone(易发)Africa—theonecontinentuntouched,tillnow,bytheGreenRevolution.Choosethebestanswer.1.AfaminelookedoverSouthAsia_____.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材A.inthe1960sB.in1960C.inthemind-1960sD.in19661.Inwhichtwocountriesdidtheteamofplantbreedersfirstcarrycuttheirplan?A.IndiaandPakistan.B.IndiaandBangladesh.C.IndiaandBurma.D.PakistanandBangladesh.2.Whichtwonewcropsdidtheyoffer?A.Wheatandcorn.B.Riceandcorn.C.Wheatandrice.D.Cornandbean.3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthecharacterofthenewcrops?A.Theywereshorter-stalked.B.Theystoodstraighter.C.Theywerehigheryielding.D.Theywerepest-resistant.2.BirthoftheBroadwayMusicalTheBroadwaymusicalormusicalcomedyisanoriginalAmericanartformthatemergedfromthechildrenofEuropeanimmigrantsandAfrican-Americantraditionsoftheearly20thcentury.MostscholarsbelievethatTheBlackCrookin1866markedthebeginningofthemusicalcomedy,integratingmusic,danceandcomedy,withanemphasisonbeautifulwomenandspectacularscenery.ButitwasduringWorldWarOneandafter,thatthemusicaldevelopedasauniquelyAmericanidiom.Song-and-dancemanGeorgeM.CohanexploitedAmericans’78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材senseofpatriotism,movingawayfromEuropeaninfluences.Inthe1920’s,songwritersthatincludedJeromeKern,GeorgeandIraGershwin,RichardRodgersandOscarHammersteinII,broughtthemusicaltomaturitywiththeirmeticulouscraftingofmusicandlyricstocreatetheAmericanPopularsong.Themodernmusicalwasbornin1943withRodgersandHammerstein’sOklahoma,whichrevolutionizedthewaydance,musicanddialoguewasusedtodeveloptheplotandcharacters.Othersongwritersofthe1940’s,50’sand60’s,includingIrvingBerlin,ColePorter,HaroldArlenandLeonardBernstein,capitalizedon(利用)thatwinningformulatowritesomanyhitmusicals,thatthateraisnowreferredtoas“Broadway’sgoldenage.”Sincethen,Americanmusicalshavebeentranslatedandproducedonstagesallovertheworld.Themusichasbecomeamainstay(支柱)amongvocalistsandjazzmusicians,makingcleartheexpressionthatthemusicofBroadwayistruly“America’sclassicmusic.”Choosethebestanswer.1.TheBroadwayMusicalemergedfrom_____.A.childrenoftheEuropeanimmigrantsB.AmericantraditionsC.African-AmericantraditionsD.Alloftheabove.2.TheBroadwayMusicalwasborn_____.A.inthe19thcenturyB.lateinthe20thcentury78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材C.intheearly20thcenturyD.inthe1920s1.MostscholarsbelievethattheBroadwayMusicalstartedfromtheBlackCrookbecauseofthefollowingfeaturesEXCEPT_____.A.theblackCrookisalsoamusicalcomedyB.bothcombinemusic,danceandcomedyC.bothemphasisonbeautifulwomenandspectacularsceneryD.bothmoveawayfromEuropeaninfluences2.TheBroadwayMusicaldevelopedasauniqueAmericanidiom______.A.duringWorldWarOneB.duringWorldWarTwoC.afterWorldWarOneD.inthe1920s3.AtripawayfromtheEarthMaryandPeterwerehavingapicnicwithsomefriendsnearariverwhenMarynoticeanobjectoverhead."Look!"sheshoutedtoherfriends."That'saspaceshipupthereandit'sgoingtolandhere."Frightenedbythestrangesilver-coloredspaceship,mostoftheyoungpeoplegotintheircarsanddroveawayquickly.PeterwasfondofMaryandalwaysstayedclosetoher.They,morecuriousthanfrightened,watchedthespaceshiplandandsawadooropen.Whennobodycameout,theywenttothespaceshipandenteredinside.PeterfollowedMaryintothespaceshipanddidnothearthedoorclosedbehindhim.The78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材temperaturefellrapidlyandthetwoyoungpeoplelostconsciousness.Whentheywokeup,theyweresurprisedtoseethattheywerebackbytheriveragain.Thespaceshiphadgone.Theircarwasnearby."Whathappened?"askedMary.Peterscratched(抓)hishead,sayingslowly,"Don'taskme.Perhapswehadadream.Didyou...Didyouseeaspaceship?""Yes,"saidMary."Andwebothwentintoit.Then..."shelookedatherwrist."That'sfunny.Mywatchhasstopped.Oh,well,comeon.It'stimetogohome."Drivingaboutfiftymeters,theyfoundtheirwayblockedbyathickwallmadeofsomethinglikeglass.Theygotoutofthecarandtriedtofindtheirwayroundthewallbutdiscoveredthattheywereinsideacircularwall.Itwaslikeamirrorandpreventedthemfromseeingthroughit.Ontheothersideofthewall,strangecreatureswalkedpastslowly.Afewstoppedtostarethroughthewallandreadanewnoticewhich,translatedintoEnglish,said:"Newarrivalsatthezoo:apairofEarthlingsintheirnaturalsurroundingswiththeirmobilehouse."Choosethebestanswer.1.Whenthespaceshiparrived,whydidn'tPeterdriveaway?A.HedidnotlikeleavingMary.B.Heknewthatthespaceshipwasharmless.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材C.Hewastoofrightenedtodrive.D.Therewasawallblockingtheroad.2.WhydidPeterenterthespaceship?A.Hesawthefoodandwashungry.B.Marytoldhimtoenterit.C.HejustfollowedMary.D.Hewantedtostudyit.3.Peterscratchedhisheadsoweknowthat_____.A.hehadlostconsciousnessB.hewaspuzzledanddidnotknowwhattosaytoMaryC.hehadlosthismemoryD.hewasstillhalfasleep4.Whatdothewords"strangecreatures"meantotellus?A.Theywerewildanimalsinazoo.B.Theywererobbers.C.TheyhadlandedonEarthinaspaceshipandlivedthere.D.Theyoungcouplewereonanotherplanet.4.Hiketofivecontinents.Haveyoueverthought,“IwishIcouldtakeayearoffandjusttravelaroundtheworld”?Well,threeluckyAmericanteenagerswereabletodo78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材justthat.Theteens-twomalesandonefemale—gotanall-expensespaid,yearlonghiketofivecontinents.Thistripdidn’tincludeanyfive-starhotelsorshoppingfuns.Eighteen-year-oldJamieFielfromKeller,Texas,17-years-oldArsenEwingfromCanyon,California,and16-years-oldTylerRobinsonfromLincoln,Massachusetts,didn’texpectfancytreatment.Theysignedupfortheexperienceofalifetime,whichincludedhardwork,oftenuncomfortableaccommodations,andencounteredwithsomeofnature’smostdangerousanimalsandenvironments.Jamie,Arsen,andTylerwereamonghundredsofhighschoolkidsnominatedbytheirscienceteacherstotakethistrip.EarthwatchInstitutesponsored(赞助)thisadventure.Eachyear,Earthwatchemploysthousandsofvolunteersworldwidetohelpwithscientificresearchprojects.Thegroupwentallaroundtheworldtogetacloselookatthemostpressingenvironmentalissuesofourtime.Theirassignmentswereasvariedastheirlocations,andincludedmeasuringandattendingpinkflamingosinKenya’sGreatRiftValley,andtrackinggiantseaturtlesinCostaRicaAstheyworkedwiththeEarthwatchscientists,Jamie,Arsen,andTylerbegantounderstandthatweareatacriticalmomentinthelifeofourplanet.Timeforchangeisrunningout.Astheteenswentfrom78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材countrytocountryandwithnesseddifferentenvironmentaldangersandchallenges,theyunderstoodthatsolutionstoimportantenvironmentalissuesstartwiththepowerofoneperson’sactions.Theyrealizedthateachofthemcanmakeadifference.Choosethebestanswer.1.Theseteenagerswentonthejourneyaroundtheworld______.A.toexperiencethemostseriousenvironmentalproblemontheearthB.tobringthekindnessofAmericatotheotherpartsoftheworldC.togoonsightseeingaroundtheworldD.tocallonmoreteenagerstojoinEarthwatchInstitute2.What’strueabouttheirjourney?A.Theyhadtopayfortheirjourneyontheirownexpense.B.Theyoftenhadtomovefromonehoteltoanother.C.Theyhadtotakegreatpainstocollectenvironmentalinformation.D.Theyreceivedawarmwelcomeeverytimetheyarrivedatanewplace.3.ItcanbeinferredthatEarthwatchInstitutecouldbe______.A.aninternationaluniversitythattakesinstudentsfromallovertheworldB.aTVstationthatmakesprogrammesonthebeautifulsceneryoftheearth78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材C.atravelagencythatorganizesadventuretripsspeciallyforschoolchildrenD.anorganizationthatbringssciencetolifeforpeopleconcernedaboutearth’senvironment4.Whatdidtheseteenagerslearnfromthejourney?A.Itwashightimethatpeopleprotectedtheenvironment.B.Longjourneywasnotsuitableforschoolchildren.C.Itshouldtakethewholeworldtohelpthechildren.D.Environmentalproblemscanbesolvedifschoolchildrentakepart.5.NewsWASHINGTON——Tofu(豆腐)andsoyaburgers(豆饼)maybecomingtoAmericanschoollunchmenus.Whatwillthekidssay?"Terrible,”saidGregDudzinski,17,ofRiponHighSchoolinWisconsin,ashetouredtheUScapital."Theregularhamburgersarebadenough,sosoyaburgerswouldbealotworse,”offeredZachRichey,13,ofScottsboroJuniorHighinAlabama,anothertourist.ButtheUnitedStatesgovernment—hopingtoreducetheamountoffatthatchildrenareeating—hasapproved(认可)theuseofsoyasameatsubstitute(替代品)inmealsforschoolsandsay-carecenters.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材Notallkidsdislikethechange.MarielSpano,17,ofSandyCreekHighSchoolinNewYork,alsovisitingthecapital,saidshelikessoyaburgers:“There’slessfat,andthey’rebetterforyou…Theytastethesame,andthey’rejustasgood.”Thegovernmenttriedtomakesoyameatsubstitutenearly20yearsago,butlaterdroppedtheidea.Atthetime,theplanwasintendedasacost-cuttingmove(步骤).USAgricultureDepartmentofficialssaytheirpurposenowisonlytomakemealshealthier.Schoolsarelikelytoincreasetheamountofsoythatismixedwithhamburgersandotherfoodsalreadyontheirmenus,andtheywillalsobelookingtofoodcompaniestodevelopnewsoyproductsthatchildrenwilllike.“Ican’tseeputtingtofuonastudent’splateandhavingagoodacceptance.Icanseetakingaproductthat’sfamiliartothestudentsandaddingalargeamountofsoytoitandhavingitbeacceptable,”saidJillBenza,directoroffoodservicesfortheMesa,Arizonaschools.Choosethebestanswer.1.Whatisthenewspaperreportmainlyabout?A.ThedifficultyinusingsoyproductsforUSschools.B.VariousopinionsonsoyproductsforUSschools.C.TheplanthatismadebytheUSgovernmentforschoollunch.D.HealthyfoodsforstudentsinUSschools.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材2.Wheredidtheinterviewsmostprobablytakeplace?A.Infoodcompanies.B.Inschools.C.InWashington.D.Insomeotherstaes.3.Wemaylearnfromthetextthat______.A.soyaburgerstastebetterthanhamburgersB.hamburgersarehealthierthansoyaburgersC.soyaburgerscostlessthanhamburgersD.hamburgerscostlessthansoyaburgers4.WhatJillBenzasaidshowsthat______.A.studentshavenotyetbeenusedtosoyproductsB.itishardlypossibletomakesoyproductspopularC.hedoesnotlikethechangeinmealsforstudentsD.schoolsareunwillingtochangethelunchmenus.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材ChapterthreeScience&Technology1.X-RaysItwasadarkNovemberdayin1895.inalaboratoryattheroyalUniversityofWurzburg,inwesternGermany,a50-year-oldphysicsprofessor,WilhelmRoentgen,performedwhatlookedlikesorcery().Heplacedaglassvacuumtubeinsideablackcardboardboxandappliedahigh-voltagecurrent.Hesuddenlynoticedthat,onabenchnearby,apieceofpapercoatedwithachemicalsubstancebeganemittinganeerie()glow.Overthefollowingtwoweeks,roentgenperformedaseriesofingeniousexperimentsthatprovedtheexistenceofaformofelectro-magnetic()radiationhecalledX-rays.Hisastonishingdiscoveryhasledtoadeeperunderstandingofthephysicalworld-inparticular,totherealmofmedicaldiagnosis().X-raysarewidelyusedinmedicinetomakeradiographsorX-rayspicturesofthebonesandinternalorgansofthebodytodetectabnormalities()ordiseases,suchasbrokenbonesorlungdiseases.AradiographismadebypassinganX-raysbeamthroughapatient’sbodyontoapieceofphotographicfilm.Thebonesabsorbmoreoftheraysthandomusclesorotherorgans,sothebonescastthesharpestshadowsonthefilm.Refinementsoverthepastcentury-fromfluoroscopy()toCTscans–havemadeX-raystechnologyaninvaluabletoolofmedicine.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材Choosethebestanswer.1.Atthebeginningofthepassage,Prof.WilhelmRoentgenwas_____.A.performinganentertainingprogramB.playingmagicC.doingsomeexperimentsD.Noneofabove2.WhenProf.Roentgenplacedaglassvacuumtubeinablackboxandappliedahigh-voltagecurrent,he______.A.sawabenchnearbyB.noticedapieceofpaperonanearbybenchbegintoburnslowlyC.noticedapieceofpaperonanearbybenchbegintogiveoutstrangelightD.noticedapieceofpaperwascoatedwithachemicalsubstance3.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutX-rays?A.X-raysareusedinmedicinetocurediseases.B.X-raysareusedtomakeX-raypicturesofthebonesandmusclesofthebody.C.X-raysareusedinmedicinetodetectabnormalitiesordiseases.D.X-raysareusedinsorcery.4.Theboneshaveclearershadowonthephotographicfilmthandomusclesorotherorgans,because______.A.thebonesareharderthanthem78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材A.thebonescanhelpabsorbmoreraysthanthemB.thebonescanblockmoreraysthanthemC.X-rayscannotpassthroughthebones2.WondersofWirelessInthedarkearlyhoursofApril15,1912theoceanlinerTitanicsankoffNewfoundland,claiming1500lives-butnotbeforeithaddispatchedawirelessdistresssignal,aMarconigram.Themessagereachednearbyships,aswellasTheNewYorkTimesnewspaper2,000kilometersaway.Theresultingfront-pagestorykick–started(启动)theinformationage.Tenyearsearlier,GuglielmoMarconi–anItalianexperimenter–transmittedthefirstMorse_codesignalacrosstheAtlantic.EmployingtheelectromagneticwavetheoriesofHeinrichHertz,Marconihadearlierbuiltcrudedevicestotransmitexperimentalradiosignalsacrosshisfather’sestateinPontecchio,nearBologna,Italy.Hefoundthatawireantennacouldextendthesignal’srange.In1900,theBritishpatentofficegrantedMarconipatentnumber7777for“ImprovementsinApparatusforWirelessTelegraphy.”Theseincludedavariablecondenser(电容器),ortuner,permittingbroadcastsonmanyfrequencies(频率)withoutinterference.Untilhisdeathin1937attheageof63,Marconicontinuedhisexperimentsinradiotransmission,includingshortwaveandmicrowave.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材HewontheNobelPrizeforPhysics,andlivedtoseeradiobecomeadynamiccommunicationsmediumthatchangedtheworld.Choosethebestanswer.1.Titanicsankoff_____.A.anewislandB.IrelandC.NewfoundlandD.Netherlands2.WhatheraldedtheInformationAge?A.ThesinkingofTitanic.B.ThedispatchingofaMarconigramabouttheTitanictragedy.C.TransmissionofthefirstMorse-codesignalacrosstheAtlantic.D.Marconi’sdiscoverythatawireantennacouldextendthesignal’srange.3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasincludedinMarconi’sexperimentsinradiotransmission?A.ShortwaveB.Microwave.C.Mediumeave.D.Alloftheabove4.WhenTitanicsank,Marconiwas_____yearsold.A.28B.38C.48D.633.Dodogsunderstandus?Becarefulwhatyousayaroundyourdog.Itmightunderstandmore78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材thanyouthink.AbordercollienamedRicorecognizesthenamesofabout200objects,sayresearchersinGermany.Thedogalsoappearstobeabletolearnnewwordsaseasilyasa3-year-oldchild.Itsword-learningskillsareasgoodasthoseofaparrotorchimpanzee(黑猩猩).Inoneexperiment,theresearcherstookall200itemsthatRicoissupposedtoknowanddividedtheminto20groupsof10objects.Thentheownertoldthedogtogoandfetchoneoftheitemsandbringitback.Infourtests,Ricogot37outof40commandsright.Asthedogcouldn'tseeanyonetogetclues,thescientistsbelieveRicomustunderstandthemeaningsofcertainwords.Inanotherexperiment,thescientiststookonetoythatRicohadneverseenbeforeandputitinaroomwithseventoyswhosenamesthedogalreadyknew.TheownerthentoldRicotofetchtheobject,usingawordthedoghadneverheardbefore.Thecorrectobjectwaschoseninsevenoutofl0tests,suggestingthatthedoghadworkedouttheanswerbyprocessofelimination(排除法).Amonthlater,Ricorememberedhalfofthenewnames,whichisevenmoreimpressive.Ricoisthoughttobesmarterthantheaveragedog.Foronething,Ricoisabordercollie,abreed(品种)knownforitsmentalabilities.Inaddition,the9-year-olddoghasbeentrainedtofetchtoysbytheirnames78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材sincetheageofninemonths.It'shardtoknowifalldogsunderstandatleastsomeofthewordswesay.Eveniftheydo,theycan'ttalkback.Still,itwouldn'thurttosweet-talkyourdogeverynowandthen.Youmightjustgetabig,wetkissinreturn!Choosethebestanswer.1.Fromparagraph2weknowthat__.A.animalsareascleverashumanbeingsB.dogsaresmarterthanparrotsandchimpanzeesC.chimpanzeeshaveverygoodword-learningskillsD.dogshavesimilar'learningabilitiesas3-year-oldchildren2.Bothexperimentsshowthat.A.RicoissmartenoughtogetallcommandsrightB.RicocanrecognizedifferentthingsincludingtoysC.RicohasdevelopedtheabilityoflearningmathematicsD.Ricowon'tforgetthenamesofobjectsoncerecognizingthem3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Thepurposeoftheexperimentsistoshowthebordercollie'smentalabilities.B.Ricohasabettermemorypartlybecauseofitsproperearlytraining.C.Thebordercollieisworld-famousforrecognizingobjects.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材D.Ricoisborntounderstanditsowner'scommands.4.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?A.Totrainyourdog.B.Totalktoyourdog.C.Tobefriendlytoyourdog.D.Tobecarefulwithyourdog.4.hackersItbeganasagame:highschoolandcollegestudentsstudyingcomputertechnologyfiguredout(领会到，想象出来)theycouldusepersonalcomputerstobreakinto(闯入)telephonecompanycomputersandmakefree,long-distancetelephonecalls.Theseyoungcomputerwizards(奇才)soongainedthenickname"hackers(黑客)".Policeputthecollaron(拘留，逮捕)afewhackers,butmanywentontoevenmorecomplexhacking.Onehackerwasarrestedformakingillegaltelephonecallsandlaterusedajailhouse(监狱)phonetoalter(变更)apoliceofficer'screditrecords(信用记录)togetbackat(报复)theofficerforarrestinghim.Thehackeralsousedacomputertoalterhiscollegerecordstogivehimselfbettergrades.Ashackersgainedexperience,theybeganinvading(侵入)computersatbanks,airlinesandotherbusinesses.Inonescheme(计划，方案),ahackerinstructedanairline'scomputertogivehimfreeairplanetickets.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材TheU.S.governmentisworriedhackersmaybreakintoitssophisticated(复杂的，尖端的)networksofdefensecomputers.Thegovernment'sclassified(分类的)secretsarevulnerable(脆弱的)becausethousandsofgovernmentcomputersareconnectedbytelephonelinesthathackerscantapinto(敲入，进入).InNovember1988,acollegestudenttappedintoanon-classifiedU.S.DefenseDepartmentcomputernetworkcalledArpanet.Thehackerinjected(输入，注入)acomputerprogramthatleftcopiesofitselfthroughoutArpanet.Somehackersuseeach"viruses(病毒)"todestroyallthedatainacomputer.Butinthiscase,governmentofficialsshutdownthenetworkbeforetheprogramreachedeverycomputerinthesystem.Shuttingdownthesystemangeredmanyresearcherswhowereusingthecomputers.Thehackerturnedhimselfin(自首)topoliceandtoldthemhowtogethisprogramoutofthecomputersystem.Hewaschargedwithacrime.Theincidentputthespotlighton(引起注意)computerhackingintheUnitedStates.Manycompanieshavehiredexpertstoprotecttheircomputersfromhackers,andmanycomputerexpertsnowadvisecompaniesonhowtoprotecttheircomputers.TheU.S.governmentbelievesforeigngovernmentshavehiredhackerstotrytobreakintotop-secret(绝密的)defensecomputers.It78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材fearsahackercouldinjectavirusintomilitarycomputersthatwoulderaseallthedataduringawar.Expertsdisagreeoverwhetheracomputernetworkcaneverbesafefromhacking.Butinthefuture,someofthemostbrilliant(杰出的，卓越的)mindsintheU.S.willbeworkingtofrustrate(挫败)theeffortsofcomputerhackersandspies.Choosethebestanswer.1.Themainideaofthearticleis_____.A.computerhackersonlywanttomakefreelong-distancephonecallsB.thegovernmentwantstohirecomputerhackerstospyontheRussiansC.computerhackersareathreattoprivatecompaniesandgovernmentsecretsD.manycompanieshavehiredexpertstoprotecttheircomputersfromhackerswhocarryviruses2.Acomputer"virus"islikeahumanvirusbecauseit_____.A.makesacomputercoughandthrowupB.spreadsfromonecomputertoothercomputersC.caneraseaperson'sdoctorbillsD.requiresregularvisitstoadoctor78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材3.Ahackercanbedangerousbecause_____.A.heknowshowtomakefreelong-distancetelephonecallsB.vitalinformationisstoredincomputers,andahackerknowshowtochangeorerasetheinformationC.onceinjail,hecanuseatelephonetooperatehiscomputerD.ahackerwhostealsafreeairplaneticketmightdepriveadoctorofthatseatontheairplane4.U.S.governmentcomputersarevulnerabletoahackerbecause_____.A.thegovernmentalwayspaysitstelephonebillsontimeB.theRussiansknowwhat'sintheU.S.computersC.virusesattackonlygovernmentcomputersD.manygovernmentcomputersareconnectedbytelephonelines5.Inthefuture_____.A.SomeofthemostbrilliantmindsinAmericawillbeworkingtotrytostopcomputerhackersandspiesB.hackerswillbegininvadingcomputersatbanks,airlinesandotherbusinessesC.manycomputerhackerswillbearrestedformakingfreetelephonecallsD.somecomputerhackerswillturnthemselvesintothepolice78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材5GoodtooldesigneGoodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well-designedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward（别扭的）handpositions.Theywillallowtheworkertokeeptheelbows（肘）nexttothebodytopreventdamagetotheshoulderandarm.Overuseinjuriescanthereforebepreventedorreducediftheemployerprovides,andworkersuse:●powertoolsratherthanhavingtousemuscle（肌肉）power●toolswithspeciallydesignedhandlesthatallowthewrist（手腕）tokeepstraight（Seefigure1）.Thismeansthathandsandwristsarekeptinthesamepositionastheywouldbeiftheywerehangingrelaxedataperson’ssideFigure1.Bendthetool,notthewrist●toolswithhandlesthatcanbeheldcomfortablybythewholehand.Thismeanshavingaselectionofsizes—rememberthattoolsthatprovideacomfortablefirmHoldforapersonwithaverylargehandmaybeawkwardforsomeonewithaverysmallhand.Thisisaparticularlyimportantconsiderationforwomenwhomayusetoolsoriginallydesignedformen.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材●toolsthatdonotpressfingers(orflesh)betweenthehandles,andwhosehandlesdonothavesharpedgesorasmallsurfacearea.Choosethebestanswer.1.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.GoodtoolDesignforWomenB.ImportanceofGoodToolDesignC.ToolDesignandPreventionofInjuriesD.OveruseofToolsandWorkerProtection2.Whichofthefollowingdescribesawell-designedtool?A.It’skeptclosetothebody.B.Itfullyusesmusclepower.C.Itmakesusersfeelrelaxed.D.It’soperatedwithlessforce.3.WhatisFigure1usedtoshow?A.Theeffectiveuseofthetool.B.Thewayofoperatingthetool.C.Theproperdesignofthehandle.D.Thepurposeofbendingthewrist.4.Inchoosingtoolsforwomen,_____ofthehandleisthemostimportant.A.thesizeB.theedgeC.theshapeD.theposition78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材ChapterfourMedicine&Health1.OdorandAgeingShakespearesaid“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet.”Whenhewrotethat,hewasobviouslyayoungguy.Oursenseofsmellchangesaswegetolder.Ifyou’reover40,youdon’tsmellthewayyouusedto.We’renottalkingaboutyourbodyodor;we’rediscussingyournose.Thoselittleoblong(椭圆形的)cellsinyournasal(鼻的)passagesthatpickupsmellsandconvertthemtoelectricalimpulsesthatscream“pizza!”toyourbraintheyjustdon’tworkastheydidbefore.Thedeclinetendstobegradualsomanypeoplearen’tawareofit.Sopeoplebecomelessabletodetectveryweakodors.Theyratestrongerodorsasbeinglessintensethanyoungerpeoplewould.Itmaybeaconsequenceofageing.Itmayalsobeaconsequenceofsomefactorsthataccompanyageing,suchaspoorhealthorincreaseduseofmedication.Whenolderpeoplewereexposedtoastrongodor,theygotusedtoitfaster.Itveryquicklygottothepointwheretheycouldnotdetectit.That’scalledadaptation.It’swhymanyolderpeopledon’tsmellcertainthings.Forexample,thewarningodorincookinggaswon’tbeasnoticeabletoolderpeopleasyoungerpeople.Soolderpeoplewouldbelesslikelyto78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材noticegasleaks(泄露).Andthenthere’scross–adaptation,wherecertainsmells,likethatofvanilla(香草),couldactuallymakepeoplelesssensitivetothesmellofroses.Inyoungerpeople,thatneverhappens;butitmayhappeninroughly20percentoftheelderly.Foodisthemostobviousareainwhichdecliningsensitivitytosmellamongtheelderlyimpactsreallife.Thereisn’tmuchpfadeclineinsensitivitytochemicalirritants(刺激物).Peoplecanuseblackpepper,chilipepper,cinnamon(桂皮),carbonatedbeverages(碳酸汽水)–allofthesewillprovidesomesortoftingle(麻刺感)orburnthatpeoplecanstilldetect,eveniftheyhaveapoorsenseofsmell.Choosethebestanswer.1.WhydidtheauthorsaythatShakespearewrotehispoemwhenhewasyoung?A.Theauthorhadlookedthroughhistoricalrecords.B.Shskespearewroteinthepoemthathewasveryyoung.C.TheauthorinferredfromShakespeare’spoemthathehadn’texperiencedthedeclineofsmellwhileageing.D.Itwaslikealovepoemsoitshouldbewrittenwhenthepoetwasyoung.2.Whichisincludedinthefunctionofthelittleoblongcellsinyournasalpassages?78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材A.Totellyourbrainthatitwaspizza.B.Toconvertsmelltoelectricalimpulses.C.Tocatchsightoftheobjects.D.Tojudgetheintensityofthesmell.3.Whatdoes“cross–adaptation”means?A.Itmeansthatcertainsmellscouldactuallymakepeoplelesssensitivetoothersmells.B.Itmeansthatpeoplecouldn’tdetectthesmellanymorewhentheyareexposedtosomesmellforaperiodoftime.C.Itmeansthatpeoplecouldquicklyacceptsomeunfavorableodor.D.Itmeansthatapersonwoulddeliverhisboyodortoanotherperson.4.Anoldmancouldstilldetect_____thoughhehadapoorsenseofsmell.A.roseB.VanillaC.chilipepperD.orchid2.VaccinationInthesummerof1796,JamesPhippswaseightyearsold.Hislifewasunremarkable,butforonebriefepisodeinJulythatyearthatwastomakehimakeyplayerinthathumandramacalledmedicine.ItallbeganwhenanEnglishcountryphysician,EdwardJenner,78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材noticedsomethingoddaboutpeoplewhotendedcattle.Theyalmostnevercontracted(感染)smallpox(天花)–ahighly–cpmtagious(传染性的),disfiguring(损坏外貌的),oftenfatalillness.Theydid,however,thatcowpox(牛痘)–asimilartypeofillnesswhichisfairlybenigninhumans,reasoningthatsomeaboutcowpoxconveyedprotectionagainstthemoredreadedsmallpox,DoctorJennerzeroedinon(瞄准)thepus-laden(带浓的)sores(疼痛处)thathethoughtmightcontaintheagentofcowpoxinfection.Jenneractuallycalledthisunseenagenta“virus”–heinoculated(接种)theboywiththedriedsmallpox.FortunatelyforyoungJames–andtherestofhumanity–theladdidnotcontractsmallpox.“Vaccination”–fromtheLatinrootfor“cow”–becamepartofthelanguage,andthepartofourarmamentarium(医疗措施)againstdisease.In1977–thankstoaworldwidevaccinationcampaign–smallpoxwaseradicated(根除)fromtheearth.Choosethebestanswer.1.Accordingtothepassage,JamesPhippswasbornin_____.A.1769B.1796C.1788D.18042.Smallpoxis_______.A.acontagious,fataldiseasehappeningtopeoplewhotendcattleB.cowpoxC.fairlybenigninhumansD.ahighlycontagious,disfiguringandoftenfataldisease78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材3.Fromhisobservation,Dr.Jennerreasonedthat_____.A.cowpoxconveyedprotectionagainstsmallpoxB.smallpoxconveyedprotectionagainstcowpoxC.cowpoxconveyedprotectionforpeople.D.smallpoxconveyedprotectionforpeople.4.Thispassageismainlyabout_____.A.whatissmallpoxB.AstoryinwhichJameswassavedfromsmallpoxC.HowDr.JennerfoundthewaytocuresmallpoxD.Whatisvaccination3.Repairdamagedcorneas(角膜)Japanesedoctorshaveusedthinsheetsoftissuefrompeople’scheekstorepairdamagedcorneas(角膜).AteamfromOsakaUniversitytransplantedthinlayersofcheekcellsontotheeyesoffourpatientswitharareandpainfuleyecondition,reportsBBConline.Patientswhosevisionhadbeencloudycouldseewellafterwards,andthe“newcorneas”remainedclearmorethanayearaftertheoperation.Doctorscanalsotakecellsfromahealthyeyeandgrowtheminadishtoproduceanewcornea,ortheycantransplantcorneasfromdonors.Butthesetechniquesmaynotworkwhenbotheyesaretoobadlydamagedbyaccidentordisease.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材Theteamhopetheirworkmayhelpsolvetheproblemandleadtoothertypesofgrow-your-owntissuetransplants.Thecorneaistheclearlayerofcellsonthesurfaceoftheeye.Itcanbedamagedbytrauma(外伤)orbyarangeofdiseases.Theteamworkedwithfourpatientswhohadapainfulconditionthatcausedcloudycorneasanddryeyes.Oftentheeyecanregeneratecorneacellsbutnoneofthefourpatientshadthisability.Theresearcherstooka3mm-widesquareoftissuefrominsidethemouth(cheeks)andgrewitintoqthinlayerinthelab.Theyusedaspeciallow-temperaturetechniquetoseparateaverythinksheetoffeachbatch(组).Theythenlaidthatontothepatient’seye.Thecelllayersstuckontotheeyeanddevelopedintotissuethatlookedandactedlikeahealthycornea.However,long-termfollow-upandexperiencewithalargeseriesofpatientsareneededtoassessthebenefitsandrisksofthismethod.“Yet,itdoesofferthepotentialoftreatingsevereeyediseasesthatareresistanttostandardapproaches,”saidtheheadoftheresearch,KohjiNishida.Choosethebestanswer.1.NowdoctorscanrepairthedamagedcorneaswiththefollowingmethodsEXCEPT______.A.usingmouthtissueB.takingcellsfromahealthyeyeandgrowingtheminadishC.transplantingcorneasfromanotherperson78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材D.usingfingertissue2.Ifbotheyesaretoobadlydamaged,wecantreatthem______.A.onlybyusingmouthtissueB.bytakingcellsfromahealthyeyeandgrowingtheminadishC.bytransplantinghealthycorneasfromdonorsD.bynoneofthementionedmethods.3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.A.thenewtechniquecanbewidelyusedintheoperationsB.thenewtechniqueneedstobefurthertestedC.thenewtechniquehasmorebenefitsthanrisksD.anynewtechniquehasrisks4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?A.ANewInventionB.ANewTechniqueC.MouthTissueCanRestoreYourVisionD.TransplantingCanRestoreYourVision4.AstrangediseaseIn1977,adeadauthorofdetectivestoriessavedthelifeofa19-month-oldbabyinamostunusualway.TheauthorwasAgathaChristie,oneofthemostsuccessfulwritersofdetectivestoriesintheworld.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材InJune1977,ababygirlbecameseriouslyillinQatar,nearSaudiArabia.Doctorswereunabletofindoutthecauseofherillnesswithconfidence,soshewassenttoHammersmithHospitalinLondon.Shewasthenonlysemi-consciousandonthe"DangerouslyIll"list.Ateamofdoctorshurriedtoexaminethebabyonlytodiscoverthatthey,too,wereconfusedbytheveryunusualsymptoms(症状).Whiletheywerediscussingthebaby'scase,anurseaskedtospeaktothem."Excuseme,"saidNurseMarshaMaitlan,"butIthinkthebabyissufferingfromthallium(铊)poisoning.""Whatmakesyouthinkthat?"Dr.Brownasked."Thalliumpoisoningisextremelyrare.""Afewdaysago,IwasreadinganovelcalledAPaleHorsebyAgathaChristie,"NurseMaitlanexplained."Inthebook,somebodyusesthalliumpoison,andallthesymptomsaredescribed.They'reexactlythesameasthebaby's.""You'reverythoughtfulandyoumayberight,"anotherdoctorsaid."We'llcarryoutsometestsandfindoutwhetherit'sthalliumornot."Testsshowedthatthebabyhadindeedbeenpoisonedbythallium,araremetallicsubstanceusedinmakingspecialglass.Oncetheyknewthecauseoftheillness,thedoctorswereabletogivethebabythecorrecttreatment.ShesoonrecoveredandwassentbacktoQatar.Lateritwas78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材reportedthatthepoisonmighthavecomefromaninsecticide(杀虫剂)usedinQatar.Choosethebestanswer.1.Theonewhofirstsuggestedthecorrectcauseofthebaby'sillnesswas_____.A.adoctorinQatarB.NurseMaitlanC.Dr.BrownD.AgathaChristie2.ThebabywassenttoLondonbecause_____.A.shewasbornthereB.thehospitalsinQatarwerefullatthattimeC.shewasthedaughterofadoctorinLondonD.theQatardoctorswerenotsurewhethertheycouldcureher3.Asfaraswecantellfromthepassage,AgathaChristie_____.A.hadnevermetthisbabyB.hadspentalongtimestudyingthebaby'scaseC.visitedthebabyinthehospitalatHammersmithD.gaveNurseMaitlansomeadviceonthephone4.Itseemslikelyfromthepassagethatthebaby'sillnesshadsomethingtodowith_____.A.adangerouspairofglassesB.thewaterinQatarC.aharmfulsubstanceusedtokillinsects78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材D.adeadwriter5TVaffectsdreamsWEhavedreamsalmosteverynight.Doyouevernoticethecolorsofyourdreams?Doyoudreaminblackandwhiteordoyoudreaminyellow,redandgreen?Newresearchsuggeststhatthetypeoftelevisionyouwatchedasachildhasagreateffectonthecolorofyourdreams.Whilealmostallpeopleunder25dreamincolor,thousandsofpeopleover55,allofwhomwerebroughtupwithblackandwhiteTVsets,oftendreaminmonochrome(黑白画面)."Itsuggeststherecouldbeacriticalperiodinourchildhoodwhenwatchingfilmshasabigimpactonthewaydreamsareformed,"saidEvaMurzyn,apsychologystudentatDundeeUniversityinBritainwhocarriedoutthestudy.Researchfrom1915throughthe1950ssuggestedthatthevastmajorityofdreamsareinblackandwhite.Butthetide(潮流)turnedinthesixties,andlaterresultssuggestedthatupto83percentofdreamscontainsomecolor.Sincethisperiodalsomarkedthetransition(过渡)betweenblack-and-whitefilmandTVandTechnicolor(印染法彩色),anobviousexplanationwasthatthemediahadbeenpaintingpeople'sdreams.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材However,thereweren'tanyfirmconclusions.ButnowMissMurzynbelievesshehasproventhelink.Shemadeasurveyofmorethan60people,halfofwhomwereover55andhalfofwhomwereunder25.SheaskedthevolunteerstoansweraquestionnaireonthecoloroftheirdreamsandtheirchildhoodexposuretofilmandTV.Shethenanalyzedherowndata.Only4.4percentoftheunder-25s'dreamswereblackandwhite.Theover-55swhohadhadaccesstocolorTVandfilmduringtheirchildhoodalsoreportedaverylowproportionofjust7.3percent.Buttheover-55swhoonlyhadaccesstoblack-and-whitemediareporteddreaminginblackandwhiteaboutaquarterofthetime.EventhoughtheywouldhavespentonlyafewhoursadaywatchingTVorfilms,theirattentionandemotionwouldhavebeenheightenedduringthistime,leavingadeeperimprintontheirmind,MissMurzyntoldtheNewScientist."Thecrucialtimeisbetweenthreeand10whenweallbegintohavetheabilitytodream,"shesaid.Choosethebestanswer:1.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Therelationshipbetweendreamcolorandtypesoftelevisionandfilmspeoplewatch.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材B.Therelationshipbetweendreamsandtypesoftelevisionandfilmsthatpeoplewatch.C.Therelationshipbetweenpeople'sdreamsandcolorsthattheyseeintheirlife.D.Therelationshipbetweendreamcolorandtheageofthepeople.2.Fromthetext,wecanseethat_____.A.allpeoplewhoarebelow25dreamincolorB.watchingTVorfilmsprobablyaffectsdreamcolorC.peopleover55alwaysdreaminmonochromeD.peoplebegintodreamwhentheyare10yearsold3.WhatdidEvaMurzynfindfromhersurvey?A.About44percentofthepeoplewhoarebelow25dreaminblackandwhite.B.Thedreamsmadebypeoplebetween1915andthe1950swereseldomincolor.C.Thepeopleover55spend50%oftheirdreamtimedreaminginblackandwhite.D.ThetimespentbeforeTVorfilmswillhaveadeeperinfluenceondreamcolor.4.WhichisWRONGaccordingtothepassage?A.EvaMurzynisaprofessoratDundeeUniversityinBritain.B.The1960swasatimewhichmarkedatransitionindreamcolor.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材C.Theperiodbetween3and10isanimportanttimeinformingdreams.D.MissMurzynthoughtshehasprovedtheconnectionbetweendreamcolorandTVandfilms.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材ChapterFiveCulture1.Humannoseandculture.Thehumannosehasgiventothelanguageoftheworldmanyinterestingexpressions.Ofcourse,thisisnotsurprising.Withoutthenose,wecouldnotbreatheorsmell.Itisthepartofthefacethatgivesapersonspecialcharacter.CyranodeBergeracsaidthatalargenoseshowedagreatmancourageous,manlyandwise.Afamouswomanpoetwishedthatshehadtwonosestosmellarose!BlaisePascalmadeaninterestingremarkaboutCleopatra’s（古埃及王后）nose.Ifithadbeenshorter,hesaid,itwouldhavechangedthewholefaceoftheworld!Man’snosehashadanimportantroleinhisimagination.Manhasreferredtothenoseinmanywaystoexpresshisemotions.Expressionsdealingwiththenoserefertohumanweakness:anger,pride,jealousy（嫉妒）andrevenge（报复）.InEnglishthereareanumberofphrasesaboutthenose.Forexample,toholdupone’snoseexpressedabasichumanfeelingpride.Peoplecanholduptheirhosesatpeople,thingsandplaces.Thephrase,tobeledaroundbythenose,showsman’sweakness.Apersonwhoisledaroundbythenoseletsotherpeoplecontrolhim.Ontheotherhand,apersonwhofollowshisnoseletshisinstinct（本能）guidehim.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材Thereareanumberofothers.However,itshouldbeasplainasthenoseonyourfacethatthenoseinmorethananorganforbreathingandsmelling.Choosethebestanswer.1.Thepassageisabout______.A.anorgan,withwhichpeoplecanbreatheandsmellB.thenose,whichgivesdifferentandusefulexpressionsC.thenosegivingapersonspecialcharacterD.interestingremarksaboutthenosemadebysomepeople2.Fromthepassageweknow______.A.“Cleopatra’snose”changedthewholefaceoftheworldindeed.B.CleopatrahadastrongwilltochangethewholelookoftheworldC.Cleopatra’snosewasnotshortD.Cleopatrahopedthatpeoplewouldchangethewholefaceoftheworld3.Thenoseexpressed______.A.somehumanweaknessorotherB.people’sshortcomingsC.people’sdifferentemotionsD.humanfeelinginbadsense78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材4.Apersonwhofollowshisnose______.A.won’ttakeothers’adviceB.iseasilycontrolledbyothersC.isweak-mindedD.haswillofhisown5.Howmanyexpressionsaboutthenosearementionedinthepassage?A.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.Five2.Father’sdayTheUnitedStatesisoneofthefewcountriesintheworldthathasanofficialdayonwhichfathersarehonoredbytheirchildren.OnthethirdSundayinJune,fathersallacrossorotherwisemadetofeelspecial.However,theideaforcreatingadayforchildrentohonortheirfathersbeganinSpokane,Washington.AwomanbythenameofSonoraSmartDoddthoughtoftheideaforFather’sDaywhilelisteningtoaMother’sDaysermonin1909.Havingbeenraisedbyherfather,HenryJacksonSmart,afterhermotherdied,Sonorawantedherfathertoknowhowspecialhewastoher.Itwasherfatherthatmadealltheparentalsacrificesandwas,intheeyesofhisdaughter,aselflessandlovingman.Sonora’sfatherwasborninJune,soshechosetoholdthefirstFather’sDaycelebrationinSpokane,Washingtononthe19thofJune,1910.In1924PresidentCalvinCoolidgedeclaredthethirdSundayinJune78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材asFather’sDay.RosesaretheFather’sDayflowers,redtobewornforalivingfatherandwhiteifthefatherhasdied.Whenchildrencan’tvisittheirfathersortakethemouttodinner,theysendagreetingcard.Traditionally,fathersprefergreetingcardsthatarenottoosentimental.Mostgreetingcardsaretoospecialsofatherslaughwhentheyopenthem.SomegiveheartfeltthanksforbeingtherewheneverthechildneededDad.Choosethebestanswer.1.TheUnitedStatesisspecialinFather’sDaybecause______.A.manypeoplecelebratethedayB.onlyAmericacelebratesthedayC.AmericamakesitanofficialdayD.allmenarehonoredinAmerica2.Atfirst,Father’sDaywasfixedonJune19thbecause____.A.Sonorahonoredherfather’sbirthdayB.Sonora’sbirthdaywasJune19C.ItwasdecidedbythepresidentatthattimeD.hermotherdiedonJune193.HowmanyyearshaspassedbeforeFather’sDaybecameanofficialdaysincethefather’sdaywascelebrated?A.4B.10C.14D.2478\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材4.Accordingtothepassage,onFather’sDay_____.A.peoplewillwearthesameflowerstohonortheirfathersB.onlydaughterswearredflowerstohonorstheirfathersC.ChildrenmustgohometohonortheirfathersD.fathersareoftenhonoredindifferentways5.Accordingtothepassage,wecaninferthathenryJackonSmart__.A.wasverykindtoanyoneB.didalotforhisdaughterC.wasthefirstfatherhonoredin1924D.alwayshelpothersbygivingmoney3ManylanguagesarequicklydisappearingOFtheestimated(大约估计的)7,000languagesspokenintheworldtoday,linguists(语言学家)say,nearlyhalfareindangerofextinctionandlikelytodisappearthiscentury.Infact,onefallsoutofuseabouteverytwoweeks.Somelanguagesvanishinaninstant,atthedeathofthesole(唯一的)survivingspeaker.Othersarelostgraduallyinbilingual(双语的)cultures,asindigenous(当地的)tonguesareedgedoutbythedominant(占主导地位的)languageatschool,inthemarketplaceandontelevision.Newresearch,supportedbytheNationalGeographicSocietyandtheLivingTonguesInstituteforEndangeredLanguages,hasfoundthefive78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材regionswherelanguagesaredisappearingmostrapidly.TheyarenorthernAustralia,centralSouthAmerica,NorthAmerica''supperPacificcoastalzone,easternSiberia,andOklahomaandthesouthwesternUnitedStates.Allhaveindigenouspeoplespeakingdiverselanguages,infallingnumbers.K.DavidHarrison,anassociate(副的)professoroflinguisticsatSwarthmoreCollege,US,saidthatmorethanhalfthelanguageshadnowrittenformandwere"vulnerable(脆弱的)tolossandbeingforgotten."Theirlossleavesnodictionary,notext,ornorecordoftheaccumulatedknowledgeandhistoryofavanishedculture.Harrisonandotherresearchersstartedtheirrescueprojectlastyear.Theyhavebeentryingtoidentifyandrecordendangeredlanguages.Theyinterviewedandmaderecordingsofthefewremainingspeakersofalanguageandcollectedbasicwordlists.Theindividualprojects,somelastingthreetofouryears,involvehundredsofhoursofrecordingspeech,developinggrammarandpreparingchildren''sreadersintheobscure(逐渐没落的)language.Theresearchhasconcentratedonpreserving(保存)entirelanguagefamilies."Theseareprobablylanguagesthatcannotbebroughtback,butatleastwemaderecordsofthem,"saidGregoryAnderson,directoroftheLivingTonguesInstitute,inOregon,US.Choosethebestanswer:78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材1.WhatmaybethereasonswhymanylanguagesareindangerofextinctionEXCEPT__________?A.Theyaregraduallyreplacedbyanotherdominantlanguage.B.It'seasiertolosethelanguagesthatareonlypasseddownorally.C.Researchersdonotdoenoughtohelpthoseendangeredlanguages.D.Somelanguagesdieouttogetherwiththedeathoftheirlastfewspeakers.2.Whatdoestheword"vanish"inParagraph2mean?A.disappearB.spreadC.finishD.survive3.What'sNOTmentionedaseffortsmadebyresearcherstorescuethedyinglanguages?A.Toteachchildrentolearntheendangeredlanguage.B.Toclearuptheentirelanguagefamilies.C.Tointerviewandmakerecordingsoftheremainingspeakers.D.Tocollectandrecordtheirvocabularyanddevelopgrammars.4.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheseendangeredlanguages?A.Theresearchers'hardworkmakesnodifferencetothelanguages.B.Theycansuccessfullysurvivewiththeresearchers'hardwork.C.Somecanexistonlyintheformofwrittenrecordswithoutlivingspeakers.D.Moreandmorelanguagesaredyingoutatanevenfasterspeed.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材5.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat______.A.theresearchersfeelratheroptimisticabouttheresultoftheirrescueworkB.thedisappearanceofanunrecordedlanguagemeansthelossofacultureC.theindigenouslanguagescansurviveaslongastheyhavedevelopedtheirwrittenformD.thegovernmentshouldtakelegalactiontoprotecttheindigenouslanguage4TwoworldscometogetherIMAGINElandinginaforeigncountrywhereyoucannotspeakthelanguage,understandthecultureanddon’tknowanybody.Wouldn’titbenicetohaveafriendwhocouldhelpyouout?JohnSmith,anEnglishexplorerwholandedinAmericain1607,foundthebestfriendever.ShewasaNativeAmericannamedPocahontas(1595-1617).AndshedidmorethanteachSmiththelanguage:shesavedhislife,twice.SmithwascapturedbymembersofPocahontas’stribe(部落)andwasgoingtobekilled.Butforsomereason,theChief’sdaughter,Pocahontas,feltsorryforSmith(whowasprobablythefirstwhitemanshehadeverseen)andthrewherbodyoverhistoprotecthim.Smith78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材returnedsafelytothesmallvillagehewaslivingin.DuringthewintertheEnglishsettlersdidnotknowhowtogetfoodfromnature.PocahontasoftenbroughtfoodforSmithandhisfriends.AyearlaterPocahontas’sfathertriedtokillSmithagainbecausetheNativeAmericanswereveryscaredtheEnglishwouldtrytotakeovertheirland.Pocahontaswarnedhimandhewasabletoescape.LatershebecameaChristianandeventuallymarriedanEnglishmannamedJohnRolfe.ShespentthelastyearofherlifeinLondon.PocahontashasbecomeanAmericanlegend.Herlifestoryhasbeenre-createdinmanybooksandfilms,includingDisney’s1995film,Pocahontas.OneofthereasonssheissopopularisthatmanyEuropeanslookatPocahontasasanexcellentexampleofhowaminoritycanadjustintothemajority.Pocahontasisalsorespectedbecauseofherselflesslove.Sheprovedthatpeoplecanbekindandlovingeventopeopleofadifferentraceorculture.JohnSmithwasverydifferentfromPocahontasbutshecouldseehewasagoodmanandthatwasallthatmattered.Noraceorcountryownsgoodness,loveandloyalty.Choosethebestanswer:1.WhatdifficultiesmightearlyEuropeansettlersmeetinAmericaEXCEPT________?78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材A.thefierceconflictwithNativeAmericanB.bad-temperednativeswhoenjoyedkillingC.unfamiliaritywithaforeignlandD.lackoffoodinwinter2.PocahontassavedJohnSmithtwicebecause______.A.hewasthefirstwhitemanshehadeverseeninherlifeB.shewantedtobecomeaChristianandmarryanEnglishmanC.shebelievedingeneralkindnesseventopeopleofadifferentraceD.shewasonthesettlers'sideandagainsthercruelfather3.WhichisNOTanelementtomakePocahontasalegend?A.Hertribalbackgroundandhermarriagetoawhitesettler.B.Herselflesshelptopeopleregardedasenemyofhertribe.C.Hercomplicatedlifestorydifferentfromcommonpeople's.D.Therecreationofherlifestoryinthe1995Disneyfilm.4.Accordingtothetext,EuropeansthinkPocahontas_____.A.wasbravetobreakawayfromherowntribeB.setagoodexampleforothernativestoacceptthewhitesettlerC.wasaselflessChristianwhocanloveherenemyD.wasopentoamoreadvancedculture5.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.ThebattlesbetweenearlysettlersandNativeAmericansresultedfromtheirfightingforland.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材B.TheEuropeansthinktheearlysettlersshouldhavelearnedtoadjusttothelocalcultures.C.ThecreationofAmericaisbasedonthesettlers'victoryovertheNativeAmericans.D.Peoplefromdifferentculturescanneverreallygetalongwellwitheachother.5LongtimerivalryturnstotheInternetFOR800yearsOxfordandCambridge(剑桥)universitieshavecompetedineverythingfromNobelprizestoboatraces.Theacademicrivalryrunsdeep:Oxfordhastutored25Britishprimeministers,whileCambridgeclaimsDarwinandNewtonasitsown.Buttodaythewell-knownuniversitieslaunchintobattleoniTunes,takingtheirancientcompetitionintothe21stcentury.Theuniversitiesaresimultaneously(同时地)publishingabout450hoursoffreeaudio(音频)andvideoclips(视频)oflectures,filmsandadmissionsguidesforpeopletodownloadtoacomputerorMP3player.Theywillalsoprovidepodcastsadvisingstudentsonapplications,howtochooseacollege,andhowtoprepareforaninterview.TheydenythesimultaneouslaunchisdesignedtostartaniTunesrace,insteadclaimingitisasigntheyareopeninguptoawideraudience(大众).JohnHood,Oxford’svice-chancellor(副校长),said:“Wehope78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材thatthisservicewillmakeOxford’sdiverserangeofaudioandvideomaterialmorewidelyaccessibletoapplicants,alumni(校友),supportersoftheuniversity,andtheintellectuallycurious.”AndGregHayman,headofcommunicationsatCambridge,claims:“It’snotjustforstudentsandpotentialstudentsbutforthewiderpublic.”However,itwillundoubtedlyinviteaccusationsofanewbattlegroundforthefamousrivals.Aftereightcenturiesthecompetitionbetweenthemisfairlyeven:OxfordhasproducedmoreprimeministersbutCambridgeclaimsmoreNobelprizewinners.Sowhoisthewinnerinthewaveofelectroniccompetition?Let’swaitandsee.Choosethebestanswer:1.Thepassageiswrittenmainlytotellus______.A.whatisthelong-lastingcompetitionbetweenthetwouniversitieB.howthetwouniversitiesarefightingtoattractawideraudienceC.whoisthewinnerinthewaveofelectroniccompetitionD.thattherivalrybetweenthetwouniversitiesnowexpandstoanewbattleground2.Theauthorsaidthattheuniversitiesare"takingtheirancientcompetitionintothe21stcentury"because_____.A.theyarecompetingtoseewhocangivemorelectures,filmsandadmissionsguideB.theyarebothusingtheInternettoreachawideraudience78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材C.theywanttoseewhoseelectronicproductsaremorepopularD.theyhopetouseelectronicadmissionguidestoattractmorepotentialstudent3.Fromthetext,wecanseethat____.A.thetwohigh-leveluniversitiesareworriedthattheyarefallingbehindintheelectronicageB.thetwohigh-leveluniversitiesareafraidtheyhaven'tbeenaccessibleenoughtocommonpeopleC.thetwouniversitiesofferedalmostthesamereasonfortheirlaunchD.thetwouniversitiesneverhidethefactthattheyarecompeting4.Whatdoesthesentence"Aftereightcenturiesthecompetitionbetweentheinstitutionsisfairlyeven"mean?A.Thecompetitionistotallyacademic.B.Thecompetitionisquitefierce.C.Thetwouniversitieshavestrengthsindifferentareas.D.Thetwouniversitiesareneckandneck.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材Chaptersixsociety1.TraditionWhenfamiliesgatherforChristmasdinner,somewillsticktoformaltraditionsdatingbacktograndma'sgeneration.Theirtableswillbesetwiththegooddishesandsilver,andthedresscodewillbeSundaybest.Butinmanyotherhomes,thischina-and-silverelegancehasgivenwaytoastoneware(粗陶)andstainlessinformality,withdressesassuminganequallycasual-Fridaylook.Forhostsandguests,thechangemeansgreatersimplicityandcomfort.FormakersoffinechinainBritain,itspellseconomichardtimes.LastweekRoyalDoulton,thelargestemployerinStoke-on-Trent,announcedthatitiseliminating1,000jobs--one-fifthofitstotalworkforce.Thatbringstomorethan4,000thenumberofpositionslostin18monthsinthepottery(陶瓷)region.Wedgwoodandotherpotteryfactoriesmadecutsearlier.AlthoughastrongpoundandweakmarketsinAsiaplayaroleinthedownsizing,thelayoffsinStokehavetheirrootsinearthshakingsocialshifts.AspokesmanforRoyalDoultonadmittedthatthecompany"hasbeensomewhatslowincatchingupwiththetrend"towardcasualdining.Familieseattogetherlessoften,heexplained,andmorepeopleeatalone,eitherbecausetheyaresingleortheyeatinfrontoftelevision.Evendinnerparties,iftheyhappenatall,havegonecasual.Inatime78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材oflongworkhoursanddemandingfamilyschedules,busyhostsinsist,rightly,thatit'sbettertoshareatakeoutpizzaonpaperplatesinthefamilyroomthantowaitfortheperfectmomentora"real"dinnerparty.Toooften,theperfectmomentnevercomes.Ironafine-patternedtablecloth?Forgetit.Polishthesilver?Whohastime?Yetthelossofformalityhasitsdownside.Thefinepointsofetiquette(礼节)thatchildrenmightoncehavelearnedatthetablebyobservationorinstructionfromparentsandgrandparents("Chewwithyourmouthclosed.""Keepyourelbowsoffthetable.")mustbepickedupelse-where.Somecompaniesnowofferetiquetteseminarsforemployeeswhomaybeableprofessionallybutinexperiencedsocially.Choosethebestanswer.1.Whydopeopletendtofollowthetrendtocasualdining?A.Familymembersneedmoretimetorelax.B.Busyschedulesleavepeoplenotimeforformality.C.Peopleprefertoliveacomfortablelife.D.Youngpeoplewon'tfollowtheetiquetteoftheoldergeneration.2.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat'RoyalDoultonisA.asellerofstainlesssteeltablewareB.adealerinstoneware78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材C.apotterychainstoreD.aproduceroffineChina3Themaincauseofthelayoffsinthepotteryindustryis.A.theincreasedvalueofthepoundB.theworseningeconomyinAsiaC.thechangeinpeople'swayoflifeD.thefiercecompetitionathomeandabroad4Formaltablemanners,thoughlesspopularthanbeforeincurrentSociallife,.A.arestillamustoncertainoccasionsB.arecertaintoreturnsoonerorlaterC.arestillbeingtaughtbyparentsathomeD.canhelpimprovepersonalrelationships2.HowtobewiseconsumersNevergointoasupermarkethungry!Thisisagoodpieceofadvice.Ifyougoshoppingforfoodbeforelunchtime,you’llprobablybuymorethanyouplanto.Unfortunately,however,justthisadviceisn’tenoughforconsumersthesedays.Modernshoppersneedaneducationinhowandhownottobuythingsatthestore.First,youchecktheweeklynewspaperads.Findouttheitemsthatareonsaleanddecideifyoureallyneedthesethings.Inotherwords,don’tbuyanythingjustbecauseit’scheaperthanusual!“NewandImproved!”or“AllNatural”onthefrontofapackage78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材influenceyou.Instead,readthelistofingredients(contents)ontheback.Third,compareprices:thatis,youshouldexaminethepricesofbothdifferentbrandsanddifferentsizesofthesamebrand.Anothersuggestionforconsumersistobuyordinaryitemsinsteadoffamousbrands.Ordinaryitemsinsupermarketscomeinplainpackages.Theseproductsarecheaperbecauseproducersdon’tspendmuchmoneyonpackingoradvertising.Thequality,however,isusuallyasgoodasthequalityofwell-knownnamebrands.Inthesameway,inbuyingclothes,youcanoftenfindhighqualityandlowpricesinbrandsthatarenotfamous.Shoppingindiscountclothingstorescanhelpyousavealotofmoney.Althoughthesestoresaren’tveryattractive,andtheyusuallydonothaveindividualdressingrooms,notonlyarethepriceslow,butyoucanoftenfindthesamefamousbrandsthatyoufindinhigh-priceddepartmentstores.WiseconsumersreadmagazineadsandwatchTVcommercials,buttheydothiswithoneadvantage:knowledgeofthepsychologybehindtheads.Inotherwords,well-informedconsumerswatchforinformationandcheckformisinformation.Theyaskthemselvesquestions:Istheadvertiserhidingsomethinginsmallprintatthebottomofthepage?Isthereanyrealinformationinthecommercial,oristheadvertisersimplyshowinganattractiveimage?Withtheanswerstothesequestions,consumerscanmakeawisechoice.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材Choosethebestanswer.1.Allthefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutthephrase“ordinaryitems”inParagraph2except____.A.ordinaryitemsneversay“NewandImproved”or“AllNatural”B.ordinaryproductsareusuallycheaperthanfamousbrandsC.producersspendlessmoneyonpackagingofordinaryitemsD.thequalityofordinaryitemsisusuallyasgoodasthatoffamousbrands2.Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutads?A.Theyarebelievable.B.Theyareattractive.C.Theyarefullofmisinformation.D.Theyarehelpfultoconsumers.3.Oneoftheauthor’ssuggestionstoconsumersis____.A.tomakeuseofadsB.nottobuyitemswithwordslike“NewandImproved”or“AllNatural”C.tobuyhighqualityitemssuchasfamousbrandsafterlunchD.tobuyanyordinaryitemsinsteadoffamousbrands4.Theauthorimpliesthat____.A.goingintothesupermarkethungry,youmaybuymorethanyouplanto78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材B.thequalityofordinaryitemsisusuallyhighandthepricesarerelativelylowC.discountclothingstoresaregoodplacestogotoD.adssometimesdon’ttellthetruth3.NBAplayers.Inthepast10years,America’sNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)hasgrownincreasinglydependentontherestoftheworldtosupplyplayers.WhenMichaelJordanandLarryBirdwongoldinBarcelonain1992,theAmericanswerepraisedforteachingtheworldhowtoplaybasketball.Thisseason,however,20percentofNBArosters(花名册)willbefilledbynon-Americans.NBAcommissionerDavidSternhappilyembracesthetrend.OnavisittoParisinOctober,Sternoutlinedhisvisionforthefuture,whichislikelytoseeEuropehostingNBAgamesby2010.TheNBAisnowplanningtotakeChinabystorm.“OurexperienceinChinahasbeenthatitisgoingtobeexplosiveinitsgrowth,”saidStern.ThestrategyinChinaisTV.“We’vemade14dealsinChinawithlocalandnationalnetworksoncableandsatellite.”ThesuccessChinesecentreYaoMinghaspavedthewayfortheNBAmarketingblitzinChina.TheNBA,whichisbroadcastedinmorethan200countriesin42languages,willputthattothetestinOctober200478\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材whentheHoustonRocketsplaytwopre-seasongamesagainsttheSacramentoKingsinBeijingmarkettocompensatefortoughtimesonhomesoil.“Itdoesn’tmatterwheretheplayerscomefrom,alltheNBAteamsnowknowthattheyhavetoscout(寻找)internationally,”saidTerryLyons,theNBA’svice-presidentofinternationalpublicrelations.“Ithasincreasedthelevelofcompetitionhere.”AsFrenchmanTonyParkerandArgentineEmanuelGinobilishowedinwinningchampionshipringswiththeSanAntonioSpurslastseason,manypeoplecanearntherespectoftheirAmericapeers.Others,suchasHoustonRockets’ChinesecentreYaoMing—No.1draftpickin2002—andtheDetroitPistons’18-year-oldSerbDarkoMilicic—numbertwooverallinthisyear’sdraft—areicons(偶像)inwaiting.Itistheultimate(根本的)revolution—therestoftheworldteachingtheUShowtoplaybasketball.Choosethebestanswer.1.Accordingtothereport,______.A.MichaelJordanisstillplayingaveryimportantroleinNBAB.thepartplayedbytheforeignplayersinNBAwillbegreatC.YaoMingistoplaytwoPre-seasongamesinNBAD.Europeancountrieswillhostthe2004NBAgames78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材2.Theunderlinedphrase“takeChinabystorm”hasthemeaningof_______.A.NBAintendstomakeChinaits“marketingcenter”B.NBAisplanningtosetupsometrainingcentersinChina.C.there’llbeabigstormwhenNBAcomestoaChinatoplayagainsttheSacramentoKingsD.theNBA’slivebasketballgameswillbebroadcastedonalltheTVsinChina.3.WhatseemstobethebiggestchangethatishappeningtoNBA?A.NBAisexpectingmoreforeignplayerstojointheNBAleague.B.China’srapiddevelopmentinsportsaffectsNBA.C.YaoMinghastakentheplaceofJordan.D.TheNBAwillstopteachingtheworldhowtoplaybasketball.4.Whenthewritertalkedof“homesoil”,hewasreferringto______.A.farmsintheStatesB.nativeAmericansC.theNBAtrainingcenterD.theUSA5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Thenon-AmericanbasketballplayersB.NBAistocomingtoChinaC.TheforeigntiesthatbindtheNBAD.NBAismakingbigprogress78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材4TakingtimeoffNOTeveryonegoestouniversityafterhighschoolgraduation.Somework,othersjointhemilitary(军队)andanincreasingnumberworldwideareemulating(效仿)theBrits,takinga“gapyear”totravelordocommunityservice,intheirowncountriesorabroad.They’restudyingsharksofftheAustraliancoast,buildingschoolsinMexicoandlearningSpanishorItalian.Theconceptofagapyearmaynotbenew,buttherecentsurge(涌现)ofinterestcertainlyis,saysCalifornia’sCampolindoHighSchoolcollegecounselorGwenlyCarrel.Somestudentsaredeferring(延迟)theiradmissions.Others,whodidn’tgetintothecollegeoftheirchoice,aretakingayeartoexplorenewfrontiersbeforereapplying.“Studentsarechoosingtotakeabreather,insteadofjuststeppingontothetreadmill(跑步机),”Carrelsays.“Kidsarethinking,‘I’mnotsurewhatI’mgoingtodo.’They’regoingandexploringsomeoftheirinterests.They’regettinganexperiencetheycantaketotheschooltheyfinallygoto.”It’sanideaactivelyencouragedbycollegeadministrators.PrincetonUniversityjustlauncheda“bridgeyear”programthatwillsend10percentofitsincomingclasstodovolunteerworkabroad,startingin2009.PrincetonPresidentShirleyTilghmandescribeditas“cleansing(清理)thepalate(喜好)ofhighschool,givingthemayeartoregroup.”78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材AndHarvardnotonlyoffersdeferments,butitsadmissionsdepartmenthasspentthelast30yearsurgingincomingstudentstotakeagapyear.“Manyspeakoftheiryearawayasa‘life-altering’(改变生活的)experienceora‘turningpoint’,”saysHarvardadmissionsdirectorMarlynMcGrathLewis.“Manycometocollegewithnewvisions(设想)oftheiracademicplans,theirextracurricular(课外的)pursuitsandthecareerpossibilitiestheyobservedintheiryearaway.”Some50to70Harvardfreshmentakethegapoptioneachyear.Thosenumbersarelikelytoshootupward,asPrinceton’sideassweepthroughtheIvyLeagueandtapinto(接进)analreadyfast-growingphenomenonChoosethebestanswer:1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.PrincetonUniversityhaslauncheda"bridgeyear"initiative.B.Manyhighschoolgraduateslikestudyingsharksoffthecoast.C.Theconceptofagapyearispopularwithhighschoolgraduates.D.Nowadays,mosthighschoolgraduatesdon'tliketogotocollege.2.Whowillmostprobablybeinterestedinthepassageexcept_______?A.primaryschoolteacherB.parentsofhighschoolgraduateC.highschoolgraduate78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材D.collegeadministrator3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasareasonwhysomehighschoolgraduateswanttotakeayearawaybeforegoingtocollege?A.Theywanttogetsomeexperienceoftheirinterests.B.Theywanttogetenoughmoneytogotocollege.C.Theywanttoexplorenewfieldstheyareinterestedin.D.Theyarenotsurewhattheirfuturecareermightbe.4.Bysaying"Studentsarechoosingtotakeabreather,insteadofjuststeppingontothetreadmill",Carrelmeansthat______.A.theconceptofagapyearislikenewfreshairB.collegeadministratorssupporttheideaofagapyearC.studentsaretakingabreakandnotrushingtocontinuetheireducationD.thisgapyearwillhelpstudentsrelaxandpreparethembetterforthestressfuluniversitylife5GirlsdoaswellasboysinscienceTHREEyearsago,thepresidentofHarvard,LawrenceH.Summers,gotintotroubleforquestioningwomen's"intrinsic(内在的)aptitude(能力)"forscienceandengineering.Recently,astudypaidforbyAmerica'sNationalScienceFoundationhasfoundthatgirlsperformaswellasboysonstandardizedmathtests.78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材Althoughboysinhighschoolperformedbetterthangirlsinmath20yearsago,theresearchersfound,thatisnolongerthecase.Thereason,theysaid,issimple:Girlsusedtotakefeweradvancedmathcoursesthanboys,butnowtheyaretakingjustasmany."Nowthatenrollmentinadvancedmathcoursesisequalized,wedon'tseegender(性别)differencesintestperformance,"saidMarciaC.LinnoftheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,aco-authorofthestudy."Butpeoplearesurprisedbythesefindings,whichsuggeststomethatthestereotypes(成见)arestillthere."Theresearcherslookedattheaveragetestscoresofallstudents,theperformanceofthemostgiftedchildrenandtheabilitytosolvecomplexmathproblems.Theyfound,ineverycategory,thatgirlsdidaswellasboys.JanetHyde,aprofessorattheUniversityofWisconsin,Madison,wholedthestudy,saidthestereotypesaboutgirlsandmathhadtakenatoll(造成伤害)."Thestereotypethatboysdobetteratmathisstillheldwidelybyteachersandparents,"Hydesaid."Andteachersandparentsguidegirls,givingthemadviceaboutwhatcoursestotake,whatcareerstopursue.Istillhearanecdotesaboutguidancecounselors(顾问)steering(指导)girlsawayfromengineering,tellingthemtheywon'tbeabletodothemath."78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材ThestudyalsoanalyzedthegendergaponthemathsectionoftheSAT.Sincemoregirlsthanboysgotocollege,about100,000moregirlsthanboystakethetest,includinglower-achievinggirlswhobringdownthegirls'averagescore.Choosethebestanswer:1.Whatmightbethereasontocarryoutthestudy?A.ToputHarvardUniversitytoshameforitspresident'sprejudiceagainstgirls.B.Tofindoutifthere'sanygendergapinscience.C.Tohelpgirlstoearnequalsocialstatusasboys.D.Toenrollmoregirlsinadvancedmathcoursesintheuniversity.2.Whichstatementaboutpeople'sopinionsofgirlsisNOTtrue?A.Peoplestillfindithardtobelieveaveragegirlsperforminmathaswellasboys.B.Highlyeducatedpeoplearemorelikelytoacceptthefactthatgirlscandowellinmath.C.Manyteachersandparentsadvisegirlstoavoidcareerslikeengineeringbasedontheirtalent.D.Someguidancecounselorsthinkcareersrelatedwithmatharenotsuitableforgirls.3.WhatcanwelearnfromthetextEXCEPT______?A.Girlsusedtoperformworsethanboysinmathbecausethey78\n堡镇中学高中英语校本教材didn'ttakeasmanyadvancedmathcourses.B.Thestereotypeaboutgirlsandmathmayleadtomisguidedchoiceoffuturecareer.C.TheaveragelowerscoresofgirlsinSATmathtestprovethatboysdobetterinmath.D.Thepublicdoesn'tacceptoutspokenprejudiceagainstgirls'talentformathdespitethestereotype.4.Themainpurposeofwritingthepassageisto_____.A.reportthefindingsofaresearchintogirls'mathabilityB.criticizethosewhoholdthewrongbeliefthatgirlscannotdowellinmathC.provethatthestereotypethatgirlsdoworseinmathiswrongD.helpgirlsregainconfidenceinlearningmathwell78