高中英语阅读主旨大意 9页

专题二　主旨大意题Passage1[2017甲卷(全国Ⅱ),A]体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文老年人安全驾车研究314★★★6分钟　　TheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhaveturnedanelectriccarintoamobilelaboratorynamed"DriveLAB"inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare.Researchshowsthatgivingupdrivingisoneofthekeyreasonsforafallinhealthandwell-beingamongolderpeople,leadingtothembecomingmoreisolated(隔绝)andinactive.LedbyProfessorPhilBlythe,theNewcastleteamaredevelopingin-vehicletechnologiesforolderdriverswhichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivingintolaterlife.Theseincludecustom-madenavigation(导航)tools,nightvisionsystemsandintelligentspeedadaptations.PhilBlytheexplains:"Formanyolderpeople,particularlythoselivingaloneorinthecountry,drivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependence,givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyonothers."Butweallhavetoacceptthataswegetolderourreactionsslowdownandthisoftenresultsinpeopleavoidinganypotentiallychallengingdrivingconditionsandlosingconfidenceintheirdrivingskills.Theresultisthatpeoplestopdrivingbeforetheyreallyneedto."DrAmyGuo,theleadingresearcherontheolderdriverstudy,explains:"TheDriveLABishelpingustounderstandwhatthekeystresspointsanddifficultiesareforolderdriversandhowwemightusetechnologytoaddresstheseproblems.""Forexample,mostofuswouldexpectolderdriversalwaysgoslowerthaneveryoneelsebutsurprisingly,wefoundthatin30mphzonestheystruggledtokeepataconstantspeedandsoweremorelikelytobreakthespeedlimitandbeatriskofgettingfined.We’relookingatthebenefitsofsystemswhichcontroltheirspeedasawayofpreventingthat."Wehopethatourworkwillhelpwithtechnologicalsolutions(解决方案)toensurethatolderdriversstaysaferbehindthewheel."12.WhatisthepurposeoftheDriveLAB?A.Toexplorenewmeansoftransport.B.Todesignnewtypesofcars.C.Tofindoutolderdrivers’problems.D.Toteachpeopletrafficrules.13.WhyisdrivingimportantforolderpeopleaccordingtoPhilBlythe?A.Itkeepsthemindependent.B.Ithelpsthemsavetime.\nC.Itbuildsuptheirstrength.D.Itcurestheirmentalillnesses.14.Whatdoresearchershopetodoforolderdrivers?A.Improvetheirdrivingskills.B.Developdriver-assisttechnologies.C.Providetipsonrepairingtheircars.D.Organizeregularphysicalcheckups.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ANewModelElectricCarB.ASolutiontoTrafficProblemsC.DrivingServicesforEldersD.KeepingOlderDriversontheRoadPassage2[2017北京,C]体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文麻疹疫苗346★★★6分钟　　Measles(麻疹),whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine(疫苗).Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA,comparedwith189foralloflastyear.Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.Whenvaccinationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationasawhole,everyoneisprotected.Thisiscalled"herdimmunity",whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthosewhocan’tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleonwhomthevaccinedoesn’twork.Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.Whensomerefusevaccinationandseekafreeride,immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.That’sexactlywhatishappeninginsmallneighborhoodsaroundthecountryfromOrangeCounty,California,where22measlescaseswerereportedthismonth,toBrooklyn,N.Y.,wherea17-year-oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear.Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades,anditisdrivenbyarealbutverysmallrisk.Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer.Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout(决定不参加)ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten.Seventeenstatesallowparentstogetanexemption(豁免),sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingtheypersonallyobjecttoavaccine.Now,severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout.Butnoonedoesenoughtolimitexemptions.\nParentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons.Butpersonalopinions?Notgoodenough.Everyoneenjoysthelife-savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,butthey’llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.63.Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat　　　　. A.asmallnumberofmeaslescasescanstartadangeroustrendB.theoutbreakofmeaslesattractsthepublicattentionC.anti-vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasonsD.informationaboutmeaslesspreadsquickly64.Herdimmunityworkswellwhen　　　　. A.exemptionsareallowedB.severalvaccinesareusedtogetherC.thewholeneighborhoodisinvolvedinD.newregulationsareaddedtothestatelaws65.Whatisthemainreasonforthecomebackofmeasles?A.Theoveruseofvaccine.B.Thelackofmedicalcare.C.Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself.D.Thevaccineopt-outsofsomepeople.66.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroducetheideaofexemption.B.Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles.C.Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination.D.Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.Passage3[2016四川,D]体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文夜间牛奶242★★★5分钟　　Awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthosewantingagoodnight’ssleep.Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff—ifitismilkedfromacowatnight.　　Researchershavediscoveredthat"nightmilk"containsmoremelatonin(褪黑激素),whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety.　　Thestudy,byresearchersfromSeoul,SouthKorea,involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight.　　Thosegivennightmilk,whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin,werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime,accordingtothestudypublishedinTheJournalofMedicinalFood.　　Nightmilkquickenedthestartofsleepandcausedthemicetosleeplonger.\n　　Whiletheeffectofcowsmilkharvestedatdifferenttimehasnotbeentestedonhumansuptonow,takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight.　　Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent,whichhelpspeopletorelax.　　Milkisalsosugar-freeandadditive-freewithnutritionistsrecommendingskimmedmilkasthebestchoicebeforebedasitistheleastfattening.Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime,thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.32.Accordingtothetext,themicefedwithdaytimemilk　　　. A.startedsleepmoreeasilyB.weremoreanxiousC.werelessactiveD.wokeuplater33.Whichofthefollowingistrueofmelatoninaccordingtothetext?A.It’sbeentestedonmicefortentimes.B.Itcanmakepeoplemoreenergetic.C.Itexistsinmilkingreatamount.D.It’susedinsleepingdrugs.34.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.NightMilkandSleepB.Fat,SugarandHealthC.AnExperimentonMiceD.MilkDrinkingandHealth35.Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bystatingarguments.C.Byexplainingstatisticaldata.D.Byprovidingresearchresults.Passage4[2015广东,A]体裁话题词数难度建议时间记叙文知恩图报297★★5分钟　　Peterlovedtoshopusedarticles.Almostamonthago,heboughtapopularwordgamethatusedlittlepiecesofwoodwithdifferentlettersonthem.Ashewaspurchasingit,thesalesgirlsaid,"Oh,look,thegameboxhasn’tevenbeenopenedyet.Thatmightbeworthsomemoney."Peterexaminedtheboxand,sureenough,itwascompletelycoveredinfactory-sealedplastic.Andhesawadateof1973onthebackofthebox."Youshouldputthatupforauction(拍卖)ontheInternet,andseewhathappens,"thesalesgirlsaid."Yes,you’reright.Peoplelikesomethingrare,"Peteragreed."Ican’timaginetherebeingverymanyunopenedboxesofthisgamestillaround40yearslater."\n"Don’tforgettotellmeifyousellit,"thesalesgirlsmiled."Noproblem,"Petersaid.Afterhegothome,Peterwentonlinetoseveralauctionwebsiteslookingforhisgame.Buthecouldn’tfindit.ThenhetypedinthenameofthewordgameandhitSearch.Thesearchresultwas543websitescontaininginformationaboutthechangesofthegame.Overtheyears,thegamehadbeenproducedusinglettersindifferentsizesandgameboardsindifferentcolors.Healsofoundsomelistsofgamefanslookingforvariousversionsofthegame.Peteremailedsomeofthem,tellingthemwhathehad.Twoweekslater,Peterwentbacktotheshop."Hello.Doyoustillremembertheunopenedwordgame?"Thesalesgirllookedathimforasecond,thenrecognizedhimandsaid,"Oh,hi!""I’vegotsomethingforyou,"Petersaid."Isoldthegameandmade$1,000.Thankyouforyoursuggestion."Hehandedherthree$100bills."Wow!"thesalesgirlcriedout."Thankyou.Ineverexpectedit."26.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPeter’swordgame?A.Itwasmadearound40yearsago.B.Ithadgameboardsindifferentsizes.C.Itwaskeptinaplasticbagwithaseal.D.Ithadlittlepiecesofwoodindifferentcolors.27.WhatdidthesalesgirlprobablythinkofPeter’swordgame?A.Oldandhandy.B.Rareandvaluable.C.Classicandattractive.D.Colorfulandinteresting.28.Petergotthenamesofthegamefansfrom　　　. A.anauctionB.theInternetC.agameshopD.thesecond-handshop29.Whathappenedattheendofthestory?A.Petergavethegirl$300asareward.B.ThesalesgirlbecamePeter’sfriend.C.Peterreturnedthewordgamefor$1,000.D.ThesalesgirlfeltconfusedtoseePeteragain.30.Whatisthemainthemeofthestory?A.It’simportanttokeepapromise.B.It’sgreattoshareinotherpeople’shappiness.C.Weshouldbegratefulforthehelpfromothers.D.Somethingrareisworthalargeamountofmoney.Passage5[2015新课标全国Ⅱ,B]体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文房屋设计影响身材306★★★6分钟\n　　Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious(难为情)whenthey’reinpoorlylitplaces—andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn’thaveenoughwindowlight,getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint,goblue.Don’tforgettheclock—ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime,andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes.Andwhileyou’reatit,actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turnonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.Downsizethedishes.Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12-inchplateinsteadofa10-inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone,totalintake(摄入)jumpsby14percent.Andwe’llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort,wideglassthanatall,skinnyglass.25.Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout　　　.A.theirhomecomforts B.theirbodyshapeC.housebuyingD.healthydiets26.Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople　　　. A.digestfoodbetterB.reducefoodintakeC.burnmorecaloriesD.regaintheirappetites27.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes?A.Eatquickly.B.Playfastmusic.C.Usesmallerspoons.D.Turndownthelights.28.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.IsYourHouseMakingYouFat?B.WaysofServingDinnerC.EffectsofSelf-Consciousness\nD.IsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?答案Passage1　　本文是一篇科普说明文,介绍了智能交通团队建立移动实验室,研究老年人开车存在的问题和困难,帮助老年人安全驾驶。12.C　考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare"可知,建立实验室的目的是要找出老年人开车有困难的地方,故选C。13.A　考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Formanyolderpeople,particularlythoselivingaloneorinthecountry,drivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependence,givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyonothers."可知,对于很多老年人来说,开车对保持他们生活的独立性至关重要,故选A。14.B　考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"theNewcastleteamaredevelopingin-vehicletechnologiesforolderdriverswhichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivingintolaterlife"可知,研究者正在研发车载式的技术以帮助老年人晚年依然能开车,故选B。15.D　考查标题判断。本文的关键词是老年人开车,重点讲述了为了让他们安全驾驶所进行的研究。C项比较容易被误选,Services一词不恰当,概括太宽泛,偏离了文章主旨。Passage2　　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近年来曾经致命且几乎消失了的麻疹卷土重来。原因是少数人拒绝注射疫苗,从而导致了自己及其他人的健康受损。作者呼吁人人都应该注射麻疹疫苗。【长难句解读】　Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout(决定不参加)ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten.分析:这是一个主从复合句,句中that引导定语从句,先行词为statelaws;what引导宾语从句,并在从句中作主语;现在分词短语enteringkindergarten作后置定语。译文:把事情弄得更糟的是各州法律,它们很容易让本应该被要求接种疫苗的上幼儿园的所有儿童不参加疫苗接种。63.A　考查细节理解。根据前两段的内容,尤其是第二段中的"Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend."可知,少量的麻疹病例却能引起危险的趋势。64.C　考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin."可知,只有在大家都参加疫苗接种的情况下群体免疫力才有作用。A项"颠倒是非",由第六段的"Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout(决定不参加)..."可知A项错误;B项文章未提及;根据第七段"Now,several...Butnoonedoesenoughtolimitexemptions."可知D项错误。65.D　考查细节理解。根据全文内容,尤其是第一段和第六段中的"Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout(决定不参加)ofwhataresupposedtoberequired\nvaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten."可知,麻疹卷土重来的主要原因是有些人不参加疫苗接种。66.C　考查写作意图。根据最后一段中的"Everyoneenjoysthelife-savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,butthey’llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks"并结合文中所述的麻疹卷土重来的事实可知,作者的目的是强调接种麻疹疫苗的重要性。Passage3　　这是一篇研究报告。文章指出在夜间取自奶牛的牛奶"nightmilk"含有大量的褪黑激素,能帮助人们入睡,减少焦虑。32.B　考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Thosegivennightmilk,whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin,werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime"可知,饮用在白天取自奶牛的牛奶的老鼠更焦虑。所以B项正确。33.D　考查细节理解。根据第六段中的"takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight"可知,褪黑激素被用在安眠药中。所以D项正确。34.A　考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff—ifitismilkedfromacowatnight."以及第二段、第五段的内容可知,全文围绕"NightMilkandSleep"展开,告诉读者饮用在晚上取自奶牛的牛奶有助于睡眠。所以A项正确。35.D　考查推理判断。通读全文可知,作者通过提供研究结果来支持文章的主题。所以D项正确。Passage4本文是记叙文。Peter买了一个用木头做的字谜游戏,在女售货员的建议下把它转卖了,而且赚了1000美元。Peter回到那家店给了这个女售货员300美元以表感谢。26.A　考查细节理解。通过第二段最后一句中的"adateof1973onthebackofthebox"与第四段最后一句中的"stillaround40yearslater"可知本题答案。27.B　考查推理判断。通过第一段最后一句"Thatmightbeworthsomemoney."和第三段中的"Youshouldputthatupforauction(拍卖)"可推知答案。28.B　考查细节理解。通过第六段中的"Peterwentonlinetoseveralauctionwebsites..."和"Healsofoundsomelistsofgamefanslookingfor..."可知答案。29.A　考查细节理解。通过倒数第二段中的"Thankyouforyoursuggestion."及"Hehandedherthree$100bills."可知,Peter给女售货员300美元作为回报。30.C　考查主旨大意。Peter在女售货员的建议下把一个有很多年头的wordgame转卖,赚了1000美元,之后Peter为了感谢这个女售货员,给了她300美元,故选C。Passage5　　这是一篇科普性说明文。最新研究表明,房屋的窗帘、灯光设计、墙壁颜色、餐具大小等都会影响食欲和食量,进而影响节食效果和身材。25.B　考查细节理解。依据第一段中的"Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure..."可知,B项正确。\n26.B　考查细节理解。依据第三段第三句"Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom."可知,在蓝色环境中人们的食量会减少33%,因此身处蓝色的环境中有助于减少食量。27.C　考查推理判断。依据第四段的内容可知,吃饭快的话摄入的卡路里就会多,因此为了帮助减缓吃饭的速度,吃饭时可播放舒缓音乐,排除A、B项;D项与第二段首句的内容相矛盾;依据第五段的内容可知,使用小型的餐具有助于减少食物摄入量。故选C。28.A　考查标题判断。本文主要讲的是房屋的窗帘、灯光设计、墙壁颜色、餐具大小等方面均会影响食欲和食量,进而影响节食效果和身材,故A项"你的房屋在使你发胖吗?"作文章标题最佳。