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情态动词有四类:①只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might),oughtto②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,dare③可做情态动词又可做助动词:shall(should),will(would)④具有情态动词特征:have(had,has)to,usedto⑤情态动词表猜测在回答以may引起的问句时,多避免用这个词,而用其它方式,如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don´t ./ You´d better not. / No, you mustn´t.等,以免显得太严峻或不客气。 3. must表示义务。意为“必须”。表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。4. shall 1)表征询意见,用于第一、第三人称疑问句。 Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗?Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗? What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么?2)表说话人的意愿,有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思,用于第二、第三人称陈述句。 You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。(命令) You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。(允诺) He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的,我告诉你。(警告) Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划(决心) 7.would 1)表意愿。 I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。 2)表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。 Would you mind cleaning the window? 3)表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。 Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。8. ought to1)表义务,意为“应该”(因责任、义务等该做),口气比should稍重。 注:情态动词should/oughtto表推测时,意为“想必会,理应……”但与“have+过去分词”连用时,则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。例如:(4)It’sseveno’clock.Jackshould/oughttobehereatanymoment.现在七点钟了,杰克理应随时到达。(推测)(5)Sheshould/oughttohaveattendedyourbirthdayparty,butshehadtolookafterhermotherinhospital.(虚拟)她本该出席你的生日晚会的,可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。重点疑难2. There __________ some flowers in the garden. A. were used to be B. used to be C. uses to be D. used to be having 3. “__________ I take it out?” “I´m sorry, you __________.” A. Could …couldn´t B. Might…might not C. Could…can D. May…can´t 12. Peter __________ come with us tonight, but he isn´t very sure yet. A. must B. can C. may D. will 13. Michael __________ be a policeman, for he´s much too short. A. needn´t B. can´t C. shouldn´t D. won´t 14. I thought you __________ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes. A. may B. might C. can D. could 16. Come on! We __________ hurry because there isn´t much time left. A. mayB. must C. can D. need 18. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone __________ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to -2-\n19. –--I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ---Oh, did you? You __________ with Barbara.A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 答案: 1.A2.B3.D4.D5.B6.C7.B8.C9.B10.D11.D12.C13.B14.B15.D16.B17.A18.D19.A20.B 专项练习(二)1.Jeanhavekepthispromise.Iwonderwhyhechangedhisidea.A.mustB.shouldC.needD.would2.Janehavecometotheparty,butshenotfindtheexacttime.A.could;couldB.might;couldC.should;couldD.should;would4.Herbrotherbeathomenow,becausehewasseenplayingbasketballinthestadiumjustnow.A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.shouldn't5.---Ican’tunderstandwhyourbossislate.---Hetheearlybus.A.couldmissB.mayhavemissedC.canhavemissedD.mightmiss6.Shedidn'tanswerthephone,she______asleep.A.maybeB.mustbeC.shouldhavebeenD.musthavebeen9.Iparkedmybikebehindthebuilding,butnowitisgone.It________.A.maybestolenB.mustbestolenC.musthavebeenstolenD.musthavestolen12.Iambusynow,_______mybrotherdoitforyou?A.WillB.ShallC.MustD.May14.MyEnglish-Chinesedictionaryhasdisappeared.Who_____havetakenit?(上海春季高考)A.shouldB.mustC.couldD.would15.---Theroomissodirty._______wecleanit?----Ofcourse.(北京春季高考)A.WillB.ShallC.WouldD.Do20.Hemustbeintheclassroom,_______he?A.mustn’tB.can’tC.isn’tD.can21.He________beinthegarden.Hemustbeintheroom.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.willnotD.maynot22.“Doyouhavetoleavenow?”“Iamverysorry,butIreally______.”A.can’tB.haveC.shouldD.must23.“Let’sgotothelibrary,shallwe?”“_________?”A.No,Ican’tB.Yes,IwillC.Yes,thankyouD.No,we’dbetternot24.“CanItakeitaway?”“You______betternot.”A.shouldB.couldC.wouldD.had25.You_______havebroughtyourcamera.Theyallhadtheirswiththem.A.couldn’tB.needn’tC.wouldn’tD.mustn’t26.Seewhoisthere!______itbeMay?A.MayB.MustC.CanD.Will27.John______beabasketballplayer.Heismuchtooshort.A.mayB.mustn’tC.can’tD.should28.TheChineseteacherlookssopale.She______beill.A.mustB.mustn’tC.canD.need29.Something______tosaveourearth.Doyouthinkso?A.candoB.mustdoC.hastodoD.mustbedone30.Lookatwhatyouhavedone!You______bemorecareful.A.oughtB.canC.wouldD.should-2-