高中英语 语法详解课件 58页

Usefulstructures语法详解：所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。\nTheboy___diving.They____diving.BothJackandTim___diving.Allofthem____diving.NeitherJacknorTim___walking.isareareisareFinishthefollowingexercises:\nBobBob_____aworker.isMikeMikeandBob_____workers.areBothMikeandBob____workers.areNeitherMikenorBob___ateacher.isBillNeitherofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.knows/knowAllofthem______workers.Noneofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.areknows/know\n主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1)HeandI_____bothstudentsofthisschool.我和他都是这个学校的学生。如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。语法一致原则\n(2)但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或者指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。\nThesingeranddancer____goingtogiveusaperformance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。Theknifeandfork____onthetable.刀叉在桌子上。isis\n2.如果主语是不定式,动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。Whatheisdoingseemsveryimportant.他正在做的事情看起来很重要。Collectingstampsishishobby.收集邮票是他的爱好。\n3.定语从句的关系代词who,which,that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。Thosewhoenjoysingingmayjoinus.Tom,whoisyourfriend,shouldhelpyou.\n4.with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,but,including如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如：Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthestreet.老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。\neither...or;neither...nor;notonly...butalso,whether...or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在therebe句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。就近原则NeitheryounorIamwrong.Thereisacupofteaandsomeapplesonthetable.\nNotonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwishesforaholiday.\n概念一致原则所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。\n1.不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。Alloftheapples____rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。Alloftheapple____rotten.整个苹果都烂了。不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。areis\nNoneofthemoney_____left.没有剩下一点钱。Noneofthestudents_____there.没有学生在那里。isis\n2.therestof;halfof;partof;majorityof;percentof;onethirdof在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。\nHalfofthestudents_____finishedtheircomposition.一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Halfoftheapple____bad.一半的苹果坏了。About60percentofthestudentsinourschool____boys.我们学校,大约百分之六十的学生是男生.haveisare\n3.集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。\nHisfamily____goingout.他们全家要外出。Hisfamily____allmusiclovers.他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。isare\n4.某些名词如people,police,cattle等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。Thepolicearesearchingforathief.Thecattleareeatinggrassonthehill.\n5.复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing。Someoneisaskingforyou.有人找你。Nothingisfoundintheroom.在屋子里什么也没找到。\n6.某些名词如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses等,通常只用其复数形式,但当它们被apairof修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:Thepairofshoesiswornout.这双鞋破了。Theshoesarewornout.鞋子破了。\n某些名词以s结尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics等，谓语动词应用单数。Physicsisaveryinterestingsubject.物理是一门很有趣的学科。\n8.every...andevery...;each...andeach...;no...andno...在以上短语中and连接的单数名词,整个短语在句中作主语时,谓语动词常使用单数。Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtoattend.\nEveryboyandeverygirlintheclassisdiligent.班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.听不到任何声音。\nEverybodysitsandwaitsintheshadeofthetreeswhilethefamilybeginstowakeupandmoveoff.(P2)[考例]—Didyougototheshowlastnight?—Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea______invited.(陕西2008)A.wereB.havebeenC.hasbeenD.was[点拨]选D。主语是everyboyandgirl或everyboyandeverygirl，表示单数概念，故谓语动词用单数，且是询问昨晚的情况，有明确的过去时间，所以应选择was。\n9.以anumberof作主语时,谓语动词用复数;以thenumberof作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Anumberofnewbooksareonthedesk.Thenumberofstudentsinyouclassis50.\n10.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。Noteverymeansisuseful.不是每种方法都好使。Notallmeansareuseful.不是所有的方法都好使。\n11.manya,morethanone,oneandahalf与单数名词组成的短语,谓语用单数。Manyaboyhasseenit.许多孩子都看到了。12.书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。Thirtyyearsisnotalongtime.RootsisafamousAmericannovel.\n1.thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(这种书),其谓语用单数;短语thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口语)(这一类人),但thiskindofmen的谓语用单数,menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的谓语用复数,allkindsof后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式。例如：应该注意的几个问题:\nThiskindofmenisdangerous.Menofthiskindaredangerous.2.在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如:Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.\n3.“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如:\nLotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.和这种情况类似的还有“anumberof+名词复数”。但是,“thenumberof+名词”的中心词却是number。试比较：\nAnumberofstudentshavegonetothecountrysidetohelpwiththeautumnharvest.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.\n注意:a(large)quantityof修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Alargequantityofpeopleisneededhere.\nquantitiesof修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如:Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.短语inquantity,inlargequantities意为“大量”;insmallquantities意为“少量”。\n4.agreatdealof,alargeamountof,修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;largeamountsof修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。例如:\nAlargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.\n5.表示数量的oneandahalf后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.\n6.如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有:thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddub,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等;但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。例如：\nTheblindstudyinspecialschool.Thedeparted(死者)wasawell-knownengineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词man,person或表示人的单数连用。例如:anoldman,arichperson,the(a)woundedsoldier.\n高考链接1.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alarge_____ofdesert_____coveredtheland.(上海2001）A.number;hasB.quantity;hasC.number;haveD.quantity;haveB\n精析：alargenumberof后面要接复数名词，所以A不能作为答案。因为desert是单数，所以要填has。这句话的意思是“毁坏森林的结果是，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地．”答案B\n2.____ofthelandinthatdistrict____coveredwithtreesandgrass.(上海2000)A.Twofifth,isB.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,isD.Twofifths,areC\n精析:分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词表示.如果分子大于1,分母序数词后加-s.分数和百分比作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后面的名词.句子中的主语land是单数,所以谓语动词要用iscovered.答案C.\n3.____peopleintheworldaresendinginformationbye-maileveryday.（上海2001）A.SeveralmillionB.ManymillionsC.SeveralmillionsD.ManymillionA\n精析:在million前如果有具体的数字或several等词时，要用单数形式。many一般不与million等词连用.表示“数百万”，英语为millionsof。这句话的意思是“每天，世界上有几十万人通过e-mail传递信息。”答案A。\n4.ProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureontheWesternculture,butwhenandwhere_____yet.(浙江2007)A.hasn’tbeendecidedB.haven’tdecidedC.isn’tbeingdecidedD.aren’tdecided[点拨]“whenandwhere(todosth.或+从句)”作主语时，谓语通常用单数。由题意可知要用被动，又由yet可知要用完成时态。A\n5.Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren___skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.(辽宁2006)A.isgoingB.goC.goesD.aregoing[点拨]句子主语要和aswellas前面的成分thefather保持一致，故谓语动词要用单数，又由everySundayafternooninwinter可知应该用一般现在时。C\n6.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_________awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.(上海2002春)A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeenD\n7._____ofthelandinthatdistrict____coveredwithtreesandgrass.(上海2000)A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;areC"分数或百分数+of+名词"作主语时,谓语动词的数与名词的数一致。\n单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用复数形式。这类名词有：sheep,deer,means(方法、手段),works(工厂),species(种类)\n8.Welivedaybyday,butinthegreatthings,thetimeofdaysandweeks_____sosmallthatadayisunimportant.(湖南2007)isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeenA\n9.Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonourroads_____risingthesedays.(2006全国卷II)A.waskeepingB.keepC.keepsD.werekeeping10.Apoetandartist_____comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.(江苏2006)A.isB.areC.wasD.wereAC\n11.MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmiths_____alsotrueoftheJohnsons.(安徽2006)A.areB.isC.beingD.tobe12.Thecountrylifehewasusedto_____greatlysince1992.(山东2005)A.changeB.haschangedC.changingD.havechangedBB\n13.ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants,_____ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.(上海2005)A.workB.workingC.isworkingD.areworking14.Nowadays,alargenumberofwomen,especiallythosefromthecountryside,_____intheclothingindustry.(辽宁2005)A.isworkingB.worksC.workD.workedCC\nHomeworkFinishtheexercisesinUSINGSTRUCTURESonPage43.\n\n9、静夜四无邻，荒居旧业贫。。2021/11/182021/11/18Thursday,November18,202110、雨中黄叶树，灯下白头人。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/20219:24:06PM11、以我独沈久，愧君相见频。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/18Nov-2118-Nov-2112、故人江海别，几度隔山川。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/18Thursday,November18,202113、乍见翻疑梦，相悲各问年。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/202114、他乡生白发，旧国见青山。。18十一月20212021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1815、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。。。十一月212021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/202116、行动出成果，工作出财富。。2021/11/182021/11/1818November202117、做前，能够环视四周；做时，你只能或者最好沿着以脚为起点的射线向前。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/182021/11/189、没有失败，只有暂时停止成功！。2021/11/182021/11/18Thursday,November18,202110、很多事情努力了未必有结果，但是不努力却什么改变也没有。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/20219:24:06PM11、成功就是日复一日那一点点小小努力的积累。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/18Nov-2118-Nov-2112、世间成事，不求其绝对圆满，留一份不足，可得无限完美。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/18Thursday,November18,202113、不知香积寺，数里入云峰。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/202114、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。18十一月20212021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1815、楚塞三湘接，荆门九派通。。。十一月212021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/202116、少年十五二十时，步行夺得胡马骑。。2021/11/182021/11/1818November202117、空山新雨后，天气晚来秋。。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/182021/11/189、杨柳散和风，青山澹吾虑。。2021/11/182021/11/18Thursday,November18,202110、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/20219:24:06PM11、越是没有本领的就越加自命不凡。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/18Nov-2118-Nov-2112、越是无能的人，越喜欢挑剔别人的错儿。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/18Thursday,November18,202113、知人者智，自知者明。胜人者有力，自胜者强。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/202114、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。18十一月20212021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1815、最具挑战性的挑战莫过于提升自我。。十一月212021/11/182021/11/182021/11/1811/18/202116、业余生活要有意义，不要越轨。2021/11/182021/11/1818November202117、一个人即使已登上顶峰，也仍要自强不息。2021/11/182021/11/182021/11/182021/11/18MOMODAPOWERPOINTLoremipsumdolorsitamet,consecteturadipiscingelit.Fusceidurnablandit,eleifendnullaac,fringillapurus.Nullaiaculistemporfelisutcursus.感谢您的下载观看专家告诉