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并列(and)关系类A,排序/列举(sequencing/listing)Firstofallinthefirstplacetobeginwithafterthis/thatFollowingthis/thatafterwards(然后,后来地)thefirst(reason)isFirst(ly)…afterthatfinallyB,递进(reinforcing)AlsoBesidesFurthermoreInadditionMoreoverwhat’smoreC,等同(equating)Inthesamewaylikewise……similarly……Accordingly……equallyimportant…notonly…but(also)D,总结(summarising)InconclusioninsummaryInshortlastlyToconcludetosumupFinallyallinallE,举例(referring)Forexampleforinstanceinparticular(特别是)\nParticularlysuchasthatistosayNamely…a(good)caseinpoint… toillustrateF,结果(showingresults)AsaresultConsequentlyHencesoThereforeTherebyThusforthisreasonLeadstocause选择(or)类A,推断(inferring)Inotherwordsinthatcasethen(or)elseotherwiseB,替换(givingalternatives)AlternativelyontheotherhandthenagainC,重复(restating)Inotherwordsthatistosaytoputitsimply转折(but)类A,比较/对比(contrasting)ConverselyincomparisonincontrasttothisInstead\nNeverthelessonthecontraryOntheotherhand …whereas……while/whilstB,让步(conceding)AfterallallthesameevenifAlthough/though/eventhough howeverstillInspiteof/despitethis/thatNeverthelessNonethelessyetExercises:线索1:定义a.Theharborisprotectedbyajetty—awallbuiltoutintothewater.b.Janeisindecisive,thatis,shecan’tmakeuphermind.线索2:重述a.Hehadawanlook.Hewassopaleandweakthatwethoughthewasill.b.Iamaresoluteman.OnceIsetupagoal,Iwon’tgiveitupeasily.线索3:普遍知识a.ThedoorwassolowthatIhitmyheadonthelintel.b.Markgotonthemotorbike,Isatbehindhimonthepillion,andweroaredoffintothenight.线索4:相关信息a.JustbeforetheexamCarl’shandsshookandsweatedsomuchthathecouldnotholdapen.Hisheartbeatfastandhisstomachached,eventhoughheknewthesubjectverywell.Hereallyhadastrangephobiaabouttakingtests.线索5:例子a.Selectanyoftheseperiodicals:Time,Newsweek,Reader’sDigestortheNewYorker.b.Sheisstudyingglaucomaandotherdiseasesoftheeye.线索6:比较a.JanewastalkingwithotherswhileElizaremainedreticentallthetime.线索7:比喻a.Thehot-airballoontookoff.Itwasasbuoyantintheairasacorkinwater.\n线索8:构词知识(un-,im-,-less,-ness,-ion,-ist)1)前缀a. Hefellintoaditchandlaythere,semiconscious,forafewminutes.b. I’milliterateaboutsuchthings.2)后缀c. Insecticideisappliedwhereitisneeded.d. Thenthevapormaychangeintodroplets.3)复合词e. Growingeconomicproblemswerehighlightedbyaslowdowninoiloutput.f. BullfightisverypopularinSpain.