高中英语选修二单元 71页

人教课标版高二选修8Unit2\nDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressions\n1.Completethesentencesusingsuitablewordsfromthetext.1).Inmanyrespectsnaturalclones,suchasidenticaltwins,donotd_____greatlyfromman-madeones.2).Hewasc____downwhentheprocedurehehadusedtoproduceamammalcloneendedinfailure.differcast\n3).Dustwilla___________inadesertedhouse.4).Hermemoryissoexcellentthatshecouldrememberthee_____namesofthesideroadswepassedontheway.5).Shewasnota_________pleasedatthecorrectionshemadetoherwork.accumulatedexactaltogether\n6).Greydecidedtomovetothecountrysideandhiswifemadenoo_________toit.7).Accordingtotheconstitution,itiscompulsoryforacitizentou________militaryservice.8).Themediahasam____responsibilitytoreportnewstruthfully.objectionsundertakemoral\n2.Replacetheunderlinedpartswithwordsthathavethesamemeaning.Rewritethesentencewhennecessary.1).Comparedwithherfamily,andespeciallyhernephew,hernieceDaisyisveryhonestaboutheropinions.Comparedwithherfamily,andespeciallyhernieceDaisyisstraightforwardaboutheropinions.\nThearbitrarydecisionsofthefactoryleaderscausedangeramongtheworkers.IstheoperahouseinthecommercialareaofBeijing?2).Thedecisionsoftheconservativefactoryleadersthathadbeenmadewithoutanyreasoncausedangeramongtheworkers.3).IstheoperahouseinthebusinessareaofBeijing?\n4).TheproducerofthemediaprogrammedisagreedwithJenniferjoininginthechorus?TheproducerofthemediaprogrammemadeanobjectiontoJenniferjoininginthechorus.Beforeyoucanmakealoaf,youneedtoobtainsomeflour.5).Beforeyoucanmakealoaf,youneedtogetsomeflour.\nYouowetheladyanapology.Iwillforbidyoutoleaveunlessyouapologizeforwhatyouhavedone.6).Youowetheladyanapology.Iwillnotallowyoutoleaveunlessyouapologizeforwhatyouhavedone.\nAnswerkeyforExercise3:1attain2complicated3fate4carrier5cast6reform7accumulate\nDiscoveringusefulstructures\nLookatthesentences.Thephraseandclauseunderlinedareusedasappositive(同位语).1AlthoughDollylivedsixandahalfyears,halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.2Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.\n语法精解(一)1.同位语theAppositive同位语是句子成分的一种,它位于名词、代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况,它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。\n同位语的表现形式有以下几种：(1)名词Tom,ourmonitor,isahandsomeboy.(2)代词Imyselfwilldotheexperiment.(3)数词Sheistheoldestamongthemsix.\n(4)从句Hetoldmethenewsthattheplanehadexploded.他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。(5)由suchas,thatis引导Somesubjects,suchasmathsandphysics,areverydifficulttolearn.某些学科,例如数学和物理,是很难学的。\n(6)由of引导ThecityofBeijinghasbeengreatlychangedsince2000.自从2000年以来,北京市发生了很大的变化。\n(7)由or引导Thefreezingtemperature,orfreezingpoint,isthetemperatureatwhichwaterfreezesunderordinarypressure.结冰温度即冰点,是水在常压下结冰时的温度。\n一.指出下例句子划线部分是什么句`子成份。1.ThereisgoingtobeaChinesefilmtonight.()2.SheistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.()配套练习(一)表语谓语\n3.Herwishistobecomeateacher.()4.He,mybrother,managedtofinishtheworkintime.()5.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.()表语同位语状语\n6.WefounditimportanttolearnEnglish.()7.Doyouhaveanythingelsetowash?()8.Tobehonest,yourwritingisn’tsogood.()形式宾语定语插入语\n9.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyourname?()10.Theynoticedamanentertheroom.()间接宾语、直接宾语宾语补足语\n1.Myperformanceinthedrivingtestdidn’treachtherequiredstandard,___,Ifailed.A.intheendB.afterallC.inotherwordsD.atthesametime二.单项填空。C\n2.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,___Iwillalwaystreasure.(NMET2002)A.thatB.oneC.itD.whatB\n1.OnmywayhomeImetanoldfriendofmy.2.Theypaidnoattentiontothedoctor’sadvicetheyshouldstopsmoking.第二个my改为mine在第二个they前加that三.单句改错\n2.同位语从句theAppositiveclause(1)同位语从句的定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。语法精解(二)\n它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that,连接副词how,when,where,whether,what等。\ne.g.Thehopethathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet.Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.\n同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：注意:ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.\n⑵同位语从句的表现形式:①由that引导Thefactthatyouhaven’tenoughtimetodotheworkissimplyunbelievable.Thehopethathemaycomehereisnotgoneyet.\nThenewsthathehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.Thetruththatheavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeedisknowntoall.Theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.\n②由whether引导Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.③由when引导Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo.\n⑶有时可用namely(即),thatistosay(也就是说),inotherwords(换句话说),thatis(那就是),forexample等引出同位语,说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。\nHetoldusthegoodnews,namely,themuseumisopentoall.ThereisonlyonewayofimprovingyourEnglish,thatis,topracticemore.AltogetherDollyhadlivedforsixyears,halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.\n⑷同位语从句与定语从句的区别:同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆,我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们:①同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词;定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。\n②同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系；定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。\n③同位语从句主要由连接词that引导,有时也可用when,where,who,whether等引导;定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。Thenheraisedthequestionwheretheyweretogetthemachineneeded.Doyouknowtheplacewherehewasborn?\n④引导同位语从句的连词不可省略;引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。Thenewsthathehasbeenelectedmonitorofourclassistrue.Thenews(that)hetoldmeisexciting.\n⑤同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子,谓语动词用be的不同形式。Heheardthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.此句可以变为一个表语从句:Thenewswasthattheirteamhadwon.\n区别下列句子哪些是同位语从句,哪些是定语从句。1.ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupofthreepartsisknowntomany.2.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportisthataheavystormiscoming.3.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.同位语从句定语从句同位语从句\n4.Thestatethatconsistsofthreecountriesisdevelopingveryfast.5.Thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringisthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.6.Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontimemadeeverybodyhappy.同位语从句定语从句定语从句\n练习1.TwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.ThefactthattwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。\n2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinchina.\n3.Teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyChineseparentsholdtheview.ManyChineseparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.\n4.Timetravelispossible./Wehavenoscientificprooffortheidea.Wehavenoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.\n5.Studentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople.\n6.Wedon’tthinkyoutwohavemetbefore.我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。(宾语从句)翻译句子,并说明这个名词性从句的作用。\n7.ItiscertainthatJohnwilldowellinhisexam.约翰肯定会考好。(主语从句)8.Whethertheyarecomingornotdon’tmattertoomuch.他们来不来无关紧要。(主语从句)\n9.Nowiswhenweneedhimmost.现在是我们最需要他的时候。(表语从句)10.Ihavenoideahowshegotthroughtheforest.我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。(同位语从句)\n11.Thefactthattheywontheprizemadeushappy.他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。(同位语从句)\n用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。12.Ican’tdecide_____bookIshouldbuy.13.Chinaisnolonger____itusedtobe.14.Iamveryinterestedin____heimprovedhisEnglishinsuchashorttime.15.____weneedismoremoney.whichwhathowWhat\n16.Thetruth___theearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntous.17._____and_____wewillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.thatWhenwhere\n用名词性从句完成下列句子。18.Thenews______________________________________________________(她通过了高考)isexciting.19.Mikemadeapromise__________________________________(他将帮助我学习英语)thatshehaspassedthenationalcollegeentranceexaminationthathewouldhelpmewithmyEnglish.\n指出划线部分是什么从句。20.ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupthreecountriesisknowntous.21.Thecontinentthatconsistsoftwocountriesisdevelopingveryfast.(同位语从句)(定语从句)\n22.Thenewsthattheplanewilltakeoffontimemakeseverybodyhappy.23.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundthecountryisthataheavystormiscoming.(同位语从句)(定语从句,表语从句)\n24.Thesuggestionthatweshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.(同位语从句)\n25.Oneofthemheldtheview__thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatD.whether单项选择\n26.Thereason___hehastogois___hismotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because27.Theyreceivedorders___theworkbedonerightaway.A.whichB.thatC./D.when\n28.Ihavenoidea_______.A.howtodoB.whenshallwestartoutforthetripC.whathashappenedtomywifeD.howmuchhavetheyearned\n29.Ithink___certainthatshewilldowellinherexam.A.thatB.thisisC.itD.what’s30.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where\n31.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation__hewaslikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.why32.That’stheonlything___hecandonowA.whichB.allC.thatD.what\n33.Informationhasbeenputforward___moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as34.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise___hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether\n35.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars____roadconditionsneed____.A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimprovedC.where;improvingD.when;improving\n36.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.(2004春季上海)A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether答案B。这是一个同位语从句,解释promise的具体内容,要用that引导。高考链接\n37.Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt______acureforAIDSwillbefound.(05广东卷)A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether38.Danbyleftwordwithmysecretary_________hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.（05浙江卷）A.whoB.thatC.asD.which\n39.Doris’successliesinthefact___sheisco-operativeandeagertolearnfromothers.(06年上海春招）A.whichB.thatC.whenD.why40.Doyouhaveanyidea________isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?（05辽宁卷）A.thatB.whatC.asD.which\n41.There’safeelinginme___we’llneverknowwhataUFOis–notever.(2002年上海)A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what解析:答案A。同位语从句thatwe’llneverknowwhataUFOis–notever作afeeling的同位语，解释afeeling的具体内容。that连接同位语从句时，只起连接作用，不作从句的任何成分。\n42.Informationhasbeenputforward___moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.(2001年上海)A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as解析：答案B。That引导从句作information的同位语，解释information的具体内容。\n43.Astorygoes_____ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that44._____isnopossibility_____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.(2001上海春）A.There…thatB.It…thatC.There…whetherD.It…whether\n1.填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从句还是同位语从句：1)Thefact____heusedtobeathiefisknowntoall.2)Weweresurprisedbythefact_________shetoldus.3)Thenextthing____mustbedoneistomakeaplan.that同that/which定that定测试性评价\n4)Wordcame____ourarmyhadwonthebattle.5)Thepresidenthasgivenanordereveryoneinthecountryshouldprepareforawar____mightlastforseveralyears.6)We'vejustheardawarningontheradio____ahurricaneislikelytocome.that同that同that同\n7)Thereisnodoubt___hehastoldalie.8)Youhavenoidea_____anxiousIwas!9)Thecoatisintheplace______youleftit.10)Thenarosethequestionabout_____weweretogetthemachinesneeded.where定where定that同how同