高中英语句法大全 6页

高中英语句法大全----名词性从句  发表日期：2015年1月20日    作者：雒喜彪    名词性从句一.概念  名词性从句共有四种:主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句二.相关知识点精讲1．主语从句：主语从句在整个句子中作主语。(1)不同于其它的连词，它不充当句子的成分，只是单纯的连接词，通常不可以省略。分句置于句首时，that绝对不可以省略。Thatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiswarwasobvious.Itwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar.(2)if不能用在主语从句中，而是用whetherWhetherheleft(ornot)isunknown(3)当主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数，下面这个句型例外。Whatweneedismoretimeandmoney.Whatweneedaremanymorebooks.2.表语从句：表语从句出现在系动词后，充当表语。Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney. Goandgetyourcoat.It’swhereyouleftit.(1)引导表语从句除了上述三类词外还有because,asif/asthough等等 Thereason(why/forwhich…..)isthat…… It/This/Thatisbecause……(2)连系动词“appear,look,seem”的两个常用句型Itseems/appearsthat….Itlooks/seemsasif/asthough……(与事实相符用陈述语气，与事实相反用虚拟语气)(3)as也可以引导表语从句 Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe3.宾语从句：及物动词，形容词和介词后加宾语从句作其宾语。(1)宾语从句时态与主句相呼应，但宾语从句表示的是客观真理或普遍现象除外Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun(2)连词whether和if可以互换，但注意下列情况连词后紧跟ornot时用whetherIwanttoknowwhetherornottheywillcome.作介词宾语是用whether引导宾语从句Hewasinterestedinwhetherhesawher\nthere.连接词后直接加不定式，不能用if只能用whetherHedoesn’tknowwhethertostayornot.如果宾语从句是否定时，一般用if引导Icareifhewillnotattendthemeeting.(3)当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用“主语+谓语+it+宾补+that-clause,that不可省略Ithinkitcertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.(4)当主语是I,we，主句用think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine五个动词时，用否定转移Idon’tthinkhewillwinthegame,willhe?(5)that在宾语从句常可以省略，但由and或but连接两个或多个宾语从句时，仅可以省略第一个连词thatHesaid(that)hehadeatennothingbutthathewasn’thungry.(6)注意区别if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句Idon’tknowifhewillcome.Ifhecomes,I’llletyouknow.4.同位语从句，在句中作某些名词的同位语，对前面的名词进一步说明。用在下列名词fact,news,idea,hope,believe,hope,thought,doubt.truth,order,suggestion,wordetc.(1)Thereisnodoubtthathewillcome.Thereisdoubtwhetherhewillcome.WordcamethatNapoleonwouldcometoinspectthem.Thereisnopossibilitythat….(2)that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：在同位语从句中：that不可以省略，不作成分;定语从句的关系代词that在定语从句作成分，作宾语时可以省略Weareinterestedinthenewsthatsomeforeignerswouldvisitourschool.Weareinterestedinthenewsthathetoldus.when,where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：在定语从句中，when,where前有分别表示时间、地点的先行词；而在同位语从句中无此对应关系Theyhavenoideaatallwherehehasgone.(同位语从句)Goandgetyourcoat.It’sintheplacewhereyouleftit.(定语从句)5.疑问词-ever既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句NomatterwhereIgo,myheartistowardsChina.Ibelieverwhateverhesays.  Whateverhesays,Iwillneverbelievehim.who与whoever的区别who是“谁”的意思，表示具有疑问，who相当于anyonewho“无论谁”Whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.Canyoutellmewhothatgentlemanis?6．当名词性从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时，引导词通常用what，它相当于。另外，有时具有感叹意义allthat,anythingthat或thething(s)\nthatWhatwecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.TomthoughtwhatabeautifulgirlMarywas.7.注意区分it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句强调句句型Itis/was+被强调部分+that,去掉Itis/was,that，句子仍然成立。Itisnaturalthattheyshouldhavedifferentviews.主语从句Itisonlylatelythathehadhadafamilyhimself.强调句Whatwasitthathewanted?  Idon’tknowwhatitwasthathewanted.Itwasinthehotelwherehestayedthatwediscussedtheseriousproblem8.注意it作形式主语的主语从句和as引导非限制性定语从句引导的不同Itisknowntoallthattheearthisround.Asisknowntoall.theearthisround.                                       三.巩固练习1．____hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.  A.whatever B.Nomatterwhat C.That D.If2. Themanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhow____  A.didthequarrelcameabout   B.thequarrelhadcomeabout  C.hadthequarrelcomeabout   D.hadthequarrelcomeabout3. Energyis____makesthingwork..  A.whatB.somethingC.anything  D.that4. Informationhasbeenput forward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.  A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as5. Thisis___theshenzhouVSpaceshiplanded.  A.there  B.inwhich  C.where  D.when6. Theyhavenoideaatall____.  A.wherehehasgone       B.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegone  D.wherehashegone7. Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatient’sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.  A.  that  B. which  C.ofwhich  D. ofthat8. Theordercame___thesoldiers____thesmallvillagethenextmorning.  A. that;hadtoleave  B. that;shouldleave  C. /;mustleave      D. when;shouldleave9. ___isnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.  A.There;that  B.It;that  C.there;whether D.It;whether10.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting_____wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.  A.that  B.which  C.whether  D.if11.Is_____hesaidreallytrue?  A.that B. what C.why  D.whether12.____themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesn’tmatter.  A.That B.Whether C.If  D.Where13.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.  A.while  B.if    C.that D.for\n14.¬¬¬_____morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen.  A.Whether  B.This  C.who  D.If15.____hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.  A.What B.That  C.Whether  D.If16.____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.  A.What B.That   C.Who    D.How17.____alltheinventionshaveincommonis____theyhavesucceeded.  A.What;what B.That;that  C.what;that D.That;what18.____appearedtomethatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch.  A.What     B.It        C.Allthat    D.That19.Itiswidely______thatsmokingcancausecancer.  A.believed  B. think    C.say       D.hoped20.____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.  A.What   B.That    C.How   D.Where21.____healwaysservesthepeopleverywellisknown.  A.What   B.That    C.Which  D.Who22.____haspassedthetestwillgetaprize.  A.Whoever   B.Nomaterwho  C.Whomever D.Who23.Is____truethatthefamousscientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?  Athat     Bit       Chis    Dhe24.Ithasnotbeendecided___theywillleaveforNewYork.  A.when   Bwhy     Cthat    Dwhat25.Obviously___wedomorningexerciseseveryday___usgood.  A.thatdo   B.if;do    Cwhat;does D.that;dose26Itissaid________wasall___hesaid.  Athat;that;that Bwhat;what;what  Cthat;which;what Dthat;that;which27___getshomefirstistocookthesupper.  A.Who    BWhom  C.Thosewho  D.Whoever28___movedusmostwas___helikedaftertheoldmanformorethantwentyyears.  A.That;that  B.What;that  CWhat;what  D.That;what29.___youdiditisnotknowntoall. A.Who      B.What   C.How    D.Which30.___youdoshouldbewelldone. AHow      B.That    C.Whatever  DWhy31.ThereasonIplantogois___shewillbedisappointedifIdon’t. A.because   B.that     C.thanksto  D.what32.Whattimedoyouthink__? A.willTomcomeback    B.Tomwillcomeback C.isTomcomingback    D.canTomgethere33.Theteachersaidthatlight___fasterthansound. A.Hastraveled B.traveled C.hadtraveled D.travels34..___isstillaquestion___willwin. A.It;that  B.It;who  C.That;who  D.This;\nthat35.Ifyouknow___itwasthatwriteATaleofTwoCities,raiseyourhand. A.whom  B.which   C.who  D.that36.Insomecountries,___arecalled“publicschools”arenotownedbythestate. A.that    B.which   C.as   D.what37.Thinking___youknow___infactyoudon’tisaterriblemistake. A.that;that  B.what;what  C.that;what  D.whatthat38.Whetherwayswillbefoundtostoppollutionornotisjust___worriesthepublic. A.why      B.which     C.that     D.what39.Whydon’tyoubring___tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit? A.that    B.what   C.that    D.it40.___DavidsayssoundsrighttoHelen.That’swhyshehasmadeuphermindtoleavewithhim___happens. A.whatever;whatever               B.Nomatterwhat;whatever C.Nomatterwhat;Nomatterwhat    D.Whatever;however41.Thatis___Iwasbornandgrewup. A.There  B.inwhich  C.where   D.theplace42.___shewasinvitedtotheballmadeherveryhappy. A.What  B.That     C.When    D.Because43.___wearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore. A.That  B.What     C.Which   D.Whether44.---Haveyoufoundyourbookyet? ---No,I’mnotsure___Icouldhaveleftit. A.whether B.where   C.when   D.why45.Thedoctorcouldn’tanswerthequestion___thepatientcouldsurvivethatnight. A.if     B.that     C.whether  D.what46.Ifirmlybelieve___hesaidatthemeetingwasright. A.that   B.which    C.thatwhat D.whatthat47.---Whatwereyoutryingtoprovetothepolice? ---___Iwaslastnight. A.That  B.When    C.Where   D.What48.Ithink,thoughIcouldbemistaken,__helikedme. A.who  B.which    C.that     D.what49.Atthemeeting,wediscussed___weshouldemploymoreworkers. A.if   B.whether   C.that     D./50.After___seemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile. A.which B.it      C.what     D.that四.答案1—5ABABC 6—10AABAC 11—15BBCAB 16—20BCBAA21—25BABAD 26—30ADBCC31—35BBDBC 36—40DCDDA41—45CBBBC 46—50CCCBC\n