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. 学习英语词汇中,有时同义词的辨析是很不容易的,我们一般从三方面进行区分,即:语法、语义和文体。语法主要是词性、搭配、句式等的区分;语义主要是词义的本义、引申义、比喻义和内涵和外延等的区分;文体主要是正式和非正式、褒义和贬义等的区分。下面是笔者整理的50组同义词。 1.路 way:Whereverthereisroomforanobjecttoproceed,thereisaway. road:Aroadisapreparedwayfortravelingwithhorsesorvehicles. path:Awaysuitabletobetraveledonlybyfootpassengersorbyanimals. route:Arouteisalineoftravel,andmaybeovermanyroads. street:Astreetisinsomecentreofhabitation,asacitytownorvillage,whenitpassesbetweenhousesofdwellings. avenue:Aavenueisalong,broadandimposing(壮严)orprincipalstreet. 2.时代(期)(时期) period:Itindicatesanypassageoftime,greatorsmall./anextentoftimeofanylength.(时代) time(s):Itreferstoaperiodinhistory.inancienttimes/inVictoriatime(新时代) epoch:Itindicatesalongperiodoftimemarkedbyeventsordevelopmentofaparticularkind. Thefirstflightintospacemarkedanewepochinthehistoryofmankind.(纪元) era:Itreferstoaverylongperiodoftimemarkedbyaparticularfeatureinagreatneweraofworldrevolution(时期) age:Itshowsaparticular/afairlydefiniteperiodinhistory.theBronzeAge,IronAge 3.战斗(打仗) fight:Itisabodilystruggle(奋斗斗争) struggle:Aneffortofanykindtoovercomedifficulty. (战斗)battle:Afightbetweenarmedforces. (战役)campaign:Aseriesofrelatedmilitaryoperationsinawar. (战争)war:Aperiodoffightbetweencountriesorstateswhenweaponsareusedandmanypeoplearekilled. (对抗)combat:Afight,conflict,controversy. 4.牧师(教士牧师) priest:Aperson,esp.amanspeciallytrainedforvariousreligiousdutiesandceremonies,intheChristianchurch,esp.intheRomanCatholicchurch (牧师)minister:Amemberofclergy,esp.Protestantchurches. (牧师)clergy(pl):Theofficiallyappointedleaderofthereligiousactivitiesofaparticularchurchortemple. clergyman:clergymen(pl)amemberofclergy..\n. (牧师)pastor:AChristianreligiousleaderinchargeofachurchanditsmembers,esp.inaProtestantchurch. (教区牧师)vicar:Apriestinchargeofanarea(parish)inthechurchofEngland. father:Alittleofrespectforapriest,esp.intheRomanCatholic. 5.服装 clothing(collect):(fml)Generaltermofclothes. clothes(nosingle):Coveringsofthebodysuchascoats,dresses,suits,shoes,hats. garment(fl):Asuitofclothesusedbyactors./asinglearticleofclothing. costume: 1)Thefashionofdresspeculiartoapeople,nation,class,period,etc. 2)Adresswornbyactorsinaplay.uniform:wornbyallmembersofthecommunity. dress: 1)Akindofoutergarmentwornbywomen(连衣裙). 2)wornonspecialoccasions(礼服)eveningdress/morningdress suit:Asetofouterclothestobeworntogether.eveningsuit/swimmingsuit coat:Agarmentwithsleeveswornontopofotherclothesfromrain,heat,etc. overcoat:Awarncoatworninthestreet. 6.哭 cry:Themostgeneralone. (哭泣)weep:Toletflowtears. (抽泣抽嗒)sob:Toweeporsighwithshortquickbreaths. (哭天抹泪涕泪交流)snivel:Tosniffleandcryinairritatingmanner. (哭嚎又哭又闹)blubber:Tocryloudlynoisily. (发出低声报怨声)whine:Tomakealowcomplainingcry. (嚎哭)bawl:Toutterloudcries(alwaysinbadsense). (痛哭)wail:Tocryaloudfrompainorsorrow. (呻吟)moan:Tomakealow,miserablesoundinpainorsorrow. (呻吟)grown:Tomakealowsoundofpain,unhappinessordisapproval (哀悼)mourn:Tofeelorshowsadnessorsorrowforsomeonewhohasdied. (哀悼)lament:Toexpressgreatsorroworregret. 7.美丽漂亮 good-looking:Havinganattractiveappearanceinastrong,healthywayusedformenandwomennotthings. beautiful:(awomanorathing)Suggestingsymmetryoffeaturesorperfectionofproportion,eleganceandmobility.beautifulflowers,abeautifulgirl/voice/city/facebeautifulweather..\n. handsome:Ofattractiveappearanceappliestomen.ahandsomefellow/actor/horse/buildings/youngman. pretty:(agirl,orasmallthing)Suggestinglivelinessandsweetness,pleasingornicetolookat.aprettylittlewoman/garden,aprettygirl/picture/pieceofmusic, lovely:(something)Sobeautifulthatitmakesyoufeelgoodtolookatitoreventothinkaboutit.Thegardenlookslovely. fair:Beautiful(ofwomaninpoet)lightincoloresp.,skinhair. gorgeous:(personsorthings)(inf)Extremelybeautifulorhandsome. 8.拉、拖 pull:Themostgeneralone. draw:Itimpliesasmoother,steadiermotionandgenerallyalighterforcethanpull. drag:Itusuallyreferstohorizontalmotionormotionupanincline(slope)anditsuggestslaboriouseffortsoverroughgroundoragainstfriction,resistanceorgravity. Theescapedprisonerwasdraggedoutofhishidingplace. haul:Itimpliescontinuouspullingordraggingofheavyorbulkyobjects. Thefishermanishaulinganet. tug:Itappliestohardoftensuddenviolentefforttopull. Hetuggedatmysleevetoaskdirections. jerk:Topullsuddenly. Hejerkedouttheknifethatwasstuckinthewound. tow:Topullbyaropeorchain.Wetowedthecartothenearestgarage. wrench:Topullhardwithatwistingorturningmovement. 9.旋转 turn:Themostgeneralone. (自转)spin:Toturnquicklyaroundacentralpoint. Itemphasizesthecontinuityoftheaction,andusuallythenarrowextentofthecircularmotion. Thewheelisspinningonitsaxis. (急转)whirl:Toroundveryfast. Itimpliesthelockofconsciouscontrol. Theleaveswhirlinthewindintheyard. (转动)rotate:Toturnroundafixedpointwithacircularmovement. Theearthrotatesonceevery24hours. (绕转)revolve:Toturnormoveinacirclearoundacentralpoint. Itindicatescircularorelliptical(椭圆)movement. Theplanetsrevolvearoundthesun. 10.生气、气愤 anger:Themostgeneralone. (易怒)becross:Feelingeasytogetangry..\n. (愤慨)indignation:(fml)Anger. Itstressesrighteousangeratwhatoneconsidersunfair,meanorshameful. Weexpressedourindignationattheruthlessexploitation. (愤怒)wrath:Verytreatanger.(literary) Itsuggestsadesireonintenttorevengeorpunish. (狂怒)rage:Wild,violentanger. Itsuggestslossofself-controlfromviolenceofemotion.inarage/tofallintoarage. (暴怒)fury:Violent,extremeanddestructiveanger. Sheflewintoafury. 11.错误 (误会)mistake:Awrongthought,act.ItimpliescarelessnessAnyonecanmakeamistake. (过错弱点)fault:Abadpoint,butnotofaseriousmoralkind.Itreferstobehaviorandcharacter.Hisonlyfaultisthathelacksambition. findfaultwithsb/atfaultshortcoming:Weakness,failing Itreferstofailuresordeficienciesinthingsaswellaspeople. InspiteofallhershortcomingsIstillthinkshe'soneofthebestteachersintheschool. (疏忽)error:Amistake(formalsometimesliterary) Itimpliesdeviationfromastandardormodel Theaccidentwascausedbyhumanerror. (缺点毛病)defect:sthlackingorimperfect. Itreferstoquality. Theradiowasreturnedbecauseofadefect. (失误过失)blunder:Averystupidorunnecessarymistake. Itimpliesignorance. Thisisthefatalblunderofhislife. 12.图画 picture:Themostgeneralone. (彩图)painting:pictureswithcolor. (绘画图画)drawing:Apicturemadewithapen,pencilandcrayon.Sketch,diagramsandgraphsarealldrawings. (草图)sketch:Aroughnotdetaileddrawing. (图解图表)diagram:Adrawing,figurethatshowsthearrangementofsomething. (曲线图)graph:Adiagraminwhichastraightline,curved,orzigzaglineshowshowtwosetsofnumbersormeasurementsarerelated. (插图)illustration:Apicturetogowithwordsofabook. (图样草图)draft:Thefirstroughwrittenformofanything..\n. (平面图)plan:Alinedrawingofabuildingasitmightbeenseenfromabove. (主视图)elevation:Aflatuprightsideofabuilding. (海图)chart:Amapesp.adetailedmapofaseaarea. 13.特别 (专门的,与众不同的)special:Differentinsomewayfromwhatiscommon,ordinary,orusual. Itstresseshavingaquality,character,identity,oruseofitsown. Thetubecontainsspecialgases. (特别的)especial:(fml)Toanusuallygreatdegree,exceptional Itemphasizestheimportanceofthethingsorthepersonsmentioned Thisisamatterofespecialimportance. (各别的)particular:Relatingorbelongingtoonlyonethingorperson. Itstressesthedistinctnessofsomethingasanindividualwhichisworthnotice.Inthatparticularcase,theruledoesn'thold.(适用) (特种的)specific:Detailedandexact,clearinmeaningandexplanation,fixed,determined.(usedinscientificarticles) Itimpliesaqualityorcharacterdistinguishingakindoraspecies. Hegavemeaveryspecificinstruction.Thereisaspecifictoolforeachjob. (独特的)peculiar:Strangeorperhapsunpleasant. Itimpliesstrangeness.Hehasapeculiarwayofspeaking. 14.取消、消灭 (取消解除)cancel:Togiveup,todeclaresomethingistobeeffective. Hehascancelledhisleaveofabsence.(消假) (废除废止)abolish:Todoawaywith.Itreferstopractices,socialinstitutions.Badcustomsshouldbeabolished. (消灭排除)eliminate:Togetridof. Weshouldeliminatethefalseandretainthetrue. (撤消废除)repeal:Tobringtoanendoftheeffectofalaworanorder.Somelawsshouldberepealed. (根除消灭)exterminate:Todestroycompletelyandwholly.Colonialismmustbeexterminated. 15.破碎 break:Themostgeneralone. (压碎压破)crush:Topresstogetherviolentlyastobreak,todestroyitsshapebysqueezingit.Itsuggeststheeffectofgreatexternalpressure. Thetreefellontopofthecarandcrushedit. (打碎)smash:Tobreakthoroughlytopieceswithacrushingsound. Shedroppedtheplateandsmashedit..\n. (打裂)crack:Tobreakwithoutseparationofparts. Itsuggeststhebreakingoutacrossasurface. Hecrackedthewindowbyleaningagainstit. (破裂)burst:Tobreakopenbypressurefromwithin. Thefireworksburstwhiletheywereintheair. (砸碎破碎)shatter:Tobreakintopieces. Itsuggeststhebreakingupofathinsurface. Theglasswasshatteredtopieces. (撞坏)crash:Torefertothevehiclewhichhitssomethingandisbadlydamaged. 16.环境形势 (环境形势)conditions:Thelocationandotherfactorslikelyto affectit.Itsuggestssomethingthathasstayedthesamefor sometimeandwhichaffectsdailylifesuchasfood,work,andhouses. Wearenowstudyingtheeconomicconditionsinthedevelopingcountries. (形势)situation:Apositionorstateataparticulartime,setofconditions,facts,andeventshavinganeffectonaperson,society,etc. Itsuggestsmoregeneralmatterssuchasgovernmentplanningandfinance. Thepoliticalsituationinthesecountriesarealwayschanging. (环境周围外界)environment:Thecircumstances,thingsandconditionsthatinfluenceyou.Itreferstospiritaspect,physicalaspectand materialaspect.Wemusttrytobeautifyourenvironment. (形势情况)circumstance(s):Asituationoreventaroundus,acertainkindofatmosphere,theconditionsthataffect whathappens.in(under)thecircumstances (环境周围事物)surrounding(s):Theareaandenvironmentaroundaplaceor person.Itindicatesaverynarrowcondition,"physically"sometimesreflectsspiritualaspect. Theylivedinhostilesurroundings. 17.著名的 well-known:(infl) famous:Themostgeneralone.widelyknownorhonored. (杰出的知名的)distinguished:Great,outstandingmarkedbyexcellentqualityordeservedfame,usedespeciallyofpeoplewhoarefamousforseriousworkinscience,theartsetc. Hewasadistinguishedwriter. (驰名的)celebrated:Famous,(substituteforrenowned).\n. Itrefersobjectivelytosborsomethingthathasbeengiveacclaimorhonouredwithawardsorprizes.Shewasacelebratedactress. renowned:Highlyhonoredandfamousforsomethinggood.oftenreferstoplacesorthings,alsoItsuggestssomethingthathasbecomelegendaryorisnolongeravailableforanobjectiveevaluation. Edisonwasrenownedforhisinventions. noted:Well-knownandadmired Itoftendescribesamoreintellectualkindofeffortandaccomplishmentindicatinganauthorityorexpertortheirtheories.Maybeitisnotwidely knowntothegeneralpublic.Hewasaverynotedexpert. (臭名昭著)notorious:Famousforsomethingbad. Heisnotoriousforhiscrimes. 18.强盗 thief:Themostgeneralone. (强盗)robber:Itsuggestsadirectconfrontationinwhichtheownerisforcedtogiveuphisvaluables. (行凶强劫)mugger:Apersonwhoattacksandrobspeopleinastreetorinalift. burglar:Apersonwhobreaksintoahouseatnighttostealsomething. (歹徒暴徒)gangster:Amemberofagroupofcriminals,esp.thosewhoare armedandusegunstothreaten. (匪徒)bandit:anarmedrobber. Itsuggestsanorganizedgroupinaruralsetting. (土匪)brigand:Arobberwholivesbyrobbingtravelersinthecountry. (海盗)pirate:Apersonwhorobsonthesea. 19.摇动,颤动 shake:Themostgeneralone.tomoveupanddownorbackandforth. Itreferstopersonsorthings. (发抖)quiver:Totremblealittle. Itsuggestsarapidbutinvisiblevibration. Hislipsquiveredwithemotion. (颤抖)tremble:Toshakeuncontrollablyandslightlyasfromfear,cold,excitementetc. Itimpliesuneasinessandnervousness. Hervoicetrembledasshebegantosing. (瞬间发抖)shiver:Totremblefromfearorcold. Itsuggestsaslightandrapidmovement. Hestoodshiveringinthesnow. (极度颤动)quake:toshakeortrembleviolently. Itsuggestsamoreviolentandsuddenchange. Hequakedwithexcitement..\n. Anexplosioncammakethegroundquake. (抽筋般颤动)shudder:Toshakeuncontrollablyforamovement. Itsuggestsamoreintenseshaking. Sheshudderedatthesightofasnake. 20.说话谈话 (说话)speak:Touseyourvoicetosaywords. (说)say:Tospeakwords. (发出声音)utter:Tomakesoundandsaywords. drawl:Tospeakinaslow,prolongedmanner. mutter:Toexpressdispleasurewithcompressedlips. rave:Totalkinanangry,uncontrolledway. gabble:Totalkrapidly,makinginarticulatesounds. (谈论)remark:Tomentionitorcommentonit. (陈述)state:Tosay,expressorputintowords,esp.formally. Hestatedhisview. (讲述)narrate:Totellformallyinwritingorspeechordescribe somethinginorderwithintonation. Henarratedhisadventureintheforest. (详述)relate:Totellformallyindetails,togiveanaccountof. Herelatedhisexperiences. (讲演)address:Tosayinspeechorwritingtoapersonorgroup. tell:Toletpeopleknowaboutsomething. talk:Tosaythingstosomeone. converse:Totalkformally. Thescholarsareconversingwitheachotheron linguistics. chat:Totalkinafriendly,familiar,informalmanner. Thetwofriendssatinacornerandchatted. chatter:Totalkcontinuouslyrapidlyaboutsmallthings. Theschoolgirlswentalongchattering. whisper:Totalkinalowvoice. Shewhisperedmenottotalksoloudly. murmur:Tomakeasoftsound,esp.tospeakorsayinaquietvoice. Heoftenmurmurstohimself. (闲谈)gossip:Totalkaboutthedetailsofotherpeople'sactions andprivateliveswhichmaynotcorrectorproper. Thatwomanisveryfondofgossipingaboutothers..\n. stammer:Tospeakwithpausesandrepeatedsoundsbecauseofexcitement,embarrassment. stutter:Tospeakwithpausesandrepeatedsoundsbecauseof inherentspeechdefect. 21.事情,事件 (事)thing:Anevent,afact,asubject. Hetalkedofmanyinterestingthings. (事情)matter:Seththatyouhavetodealwith,somethingtobediscussed,thoughtover. Thereareseveralmatterstobedealtwithatthemeeting. (事务责任)business:Aspecialduty,somethingthathastobedone. Publicbusinessiseveryone'sbusiness. (事务)affair:Aneventorsetofconnectedevents.(pl)privateandpersonallife. Ihavemanyaffairstolookafter. (事件)event:Animportanthappening.Eventssuchasbirthdaysandanniversariesareoftencelebrated. Doyouknowthechiefeventsof1986. incident:Notasimportantasanevent.Incidentsseldomarecelebrated.Sometimesaneventbecomesanincidentaftermanyyearshavepassed. (偶然事件)happening:Anoccurrence,andsometimesanunusualone. Therehavebeenstrangehappeningsherelately. (偶发事件)occurrence:Anincidentthatisusuallyunexpectedandhasnotbeenplannedaheadoftime. Floodispracticallyanannualoccurrenceinthisdistrict. 22.承认 admit:Toagreetothetruthof,usu,somethingbad. Itsuggestsreluctanceorpossibleobjection. Headmittedhiscrime/stealing. (自白供认)confess:Toadmitguiltastoacrimeorastoashortcoming,inthesenseofmakingknowntoothersone'sownerrororwrongdoing. Heconfessedhisfault/doingsomethingwrong. acknowledge:toagreethetruthof,recognizethefactorexistenceofwhathavesaidordone,goodorbad. Itemphasizesopenlyinaembarrassingorawkwardandusuallynotvoluntaryway. Iacknowledgedmysignature/mistakes/errors/havingbeendefeated. grant:Toadmitortoagreesomethingistrue. Igrantedhisrequest/hishonesty. takesth/sbforgranted. concede:Toadmitastrue,justorproperoftenunwillinglybecauseofoverwhelmingevidence..\n. Iconcededyouthatpoint,butIstillthinkyouarewrong. recognize:Toacceptoracknowledgeit. Itreferstosomethingaboutlawanddiplomacy. ThenewregimewasrecognizedbyChina. 23.走路 walk:Themostgeneralone. stride:Towalkwithlongsteps. Hestrodethroughthestationafewminutesbeforethetrainleft. (高视阔步)stalk:Towalkstiffly,slowly,andproudlywithlongsteps. trot:Tojog,movequickly,usureferstohorses. (蹒跚而行)waddle:Towalkfromsidetosidewithshortstepslikeaduck. Thefatmanwaddledoutoftheroom. (蹒跚)stagger:Towalkunsteadily,slideanddragthefeetalmost fallingateachstep,usuallybecauseofillness,injuryordrink. Afterdrinkingtoomuch,hestaggeredinthestreet. (摇摆蹒跚)totter:Towalkunsteadilyshowinggreatweaknessoftenused ofveryyoungchildrenlearningtowalk.Thechildtotteredbeforehisparents. (拖着脚走)shuffle:Tomovewithoutliftingthefeetclearofthefloorasifwearingslippers. Theoldmanshuffledalongtheroad. (趾高气扬地走)strutTowalkinaproudstrongway,esp.withthechestoutandtryingtolookimportant. (慢行)amble:Towalkataneasygentlerate. Itstressesaleisurelybutregularmovement. (闲逛)stroll:Towalk,esp.slowly,forpleasure. Itemphasizesaslowermovement,morewanderingandaimlesswithsuggestionsofmanystartsandpauses. Theyarestrollingthroughthispark. saunter:Alittlemoreformalthanstroll. (漫步徘徊)wander:Tomoveaboutwithoutafixedcourse,aim,orpurpose. Hewaswanderingabout/down/through/upanddownthestreet. (漫游)roam:Towanderwithasveryclearaim. Itsuggestsamoreseriouspurposebehindtheirregular ofcircularmovementincompleteforgetfulnessoftime. Theloversroamedaround/throughthefields..\n. (跋涉)trudge:Towalkheavilyandwearilywitheffortaswhenone(plod)istired. Thehunterwastrudgingthroughthedeepsnow. (重步行走)tramp:Towalkwithfirmheavysteps. Whohasbeentrampingalloverthecarpetinmuddyshoes. (扭扭捏捏地走) mince:Towalkwithlittleshortstepsinanaffectedmanner. Itwasafunnysighttoseehermincealong. slouch:Towalkinaloose,ungainly(不雅观)way. hustle:Towalkinabusy,activeway. 24.跳 jump:Themostgeneralone.tothrowoneselfintotheair.(跳起) leap:(literary)Tospringthroughtheair,oftenlandinginadifferentplace. Theboyleapedoverthebrookwithoutdifficulty. (跳跃)spring:Toleapsuddenlyandquickly. Hesprangtohisfeetatthesuddennoise. (跳着跑)bound:Tospringlightlyalong. Itsuggestshighspiritsandexcitement. Hisdogboundedtomeetme. (轻快地跑)skip:Tomoveinaslightdancingway,aswithquickstepsandjumps. Thelittlegirlskippedathermother'sside. hop:Tojumpononeleg. Theboyhadhurthislegandhadtohopalong. vault:Toleapoversomethingusingthehandsorapole. Youcanvaultafencebyputtingyourhandsonitandswingingyourselfover. hurdle:Tojumpoversomethingwhilerunning. Thehorsehurdledthefenceandranintothewoods. 25.特点特征 quality:Themostgeneralone.(特点) characteristic:Qualitytypicalofaparticularpersonandthing,aspecialandeasilyrecognizedqualityofsb/sth. Ithasmayscientificortechnicaluses. Itimpliesneutraldescriptioninreferringtoanyaspectofsomethingwithoutevaluatingitsrelativeimportancetothewhole. Ausefulcharacteristicofthecatisitsabilitytocatchandkillmice. (特征)character:Thecombinationofqualitieswhichmakeaparticularperson,thing,place,etc..\n. AtendencynottoshowemotionsissupposedtobepartoftheBritishnationalcharacter. (性质)nature:Thequalitiesmakesomeoneorsomethingdifferentfromothers. Itindicatesthewidestrangeoftraits,includingemotional,mentalandphysicalqualities. Itisonlyhumannaturetolikemoney. (特征)attribute:Aqualitybelongingtoorformingpartofthe matureofapersonorthing. Thewordispositiveratherthannegative. Darknessisanattributeofnight. (特性)peculiarity:Thequalityofbeingpeculiar,strangeness,unusualness. Itshowsanunpleasantattributethatisquitenoticeable. Oneofhispeculiaritiesisthathistwoeyesarenotthesamesize. (特色)feature:Atypicalandnoticeablepartorquality. Itsuggestssomethingpositiveandspecifically Itreferstophysicalappearance. Alakeisanimportantfeatureinthisarea. (品质特性)trait:Aparticularqualityofsb/sth. Itreferstomoreabstractattributes.Honestyanddiligencearethechieftraitsofhischaracter. (个性)personality:Thewholenatureorcharacterofaparticularperson. Itreferstothewholeindefinableemotionalcolorationthataspecificpersongivesoff.Hehasastrongpersonality..