infinitive高中英语语法 31页

Infinitive动词不定式\n动词不定式动词不定式分为带to的不定式(e.g.asksbtodosth),和不带to的不定式(e.g.makesbdosth)。动词不定式的时态和语态的变化：\n动词不定式的一般式：表示动作与句子中的谓语动词同时发生或之后发生。Iwanttohaveacupoftea.(同时)shestoppedtohaveacupoftea.(之后)Itispossibleforourhopestoberealized.(被动)\n动词不定式的完成式：表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。Shesaidshewasveryhappytohavemetyou.Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo。(被动)\n动词不定式的进行式：表示不定式的动作在谓语动作同时正在发生。Theyseemedtobetalkingaboutsomethingimportant.动词不定式的完成进行式：表示在谓语所表示时间之前一直进行的动作。Wearehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.\n动词不定式的否定式：nottodosthIaskedhimnottobelate.\n动词不定式可以在句子中充当主语，宾语，表语，宾语补足语，定语(后置)，状语。1)做主语Toseeistobelieve.Toactlikethatisfoolish.一般我们用it做形式主语来替代。Itisfoolishtoactlikethat.ItisnoteasyforustolearnEnglishwell.Itiskindofyoutothinksomuchofus.\n常用于下列结构中：(1)Itis/was+adj.+(ofsb.)todo…（如good/kind/nice/clever/foolish/selfish…）(2)Itis+adj.+(forsb.)+todo…（如easy/difficult/hard//unwise/possible/necessary…）(3)Itis+a/an+名词+todo...（如apity/ashame/apleasure/one’sduty/anhonor…）(4)Ittakes(sb.)sometime/courage/patience…todo…(5)Itrequirescourage/patience/hardwork…todo…\n2)做宾语shedeterminedtolearnEnglishwell.Hefailedtopasstheexam.常见的不定式做宾语的动词有：want,wish,*hope,manage,ask,offer(提出),pretend,intend,decide,care,choose,expect,desireseem,happen,*appearetc.\n某些及物动词think,believe,consider,feel,find,make等后常用it作形式宾语WeallfinditimpossiblenottodohomeworkinFrenchclass.动词不定式做定语：当不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，要用主动表被动。Hiswordsaredifficulttounderstand.\n3)做表语Herwishistobecomeanartist.Todothiswouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe.4)做定语(后置)Iwanttogetsomethingtoreadduringtheholidays.Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.Ihavenothingtoworryabout.\n4)做定语(后置)注意:a)theonly及序数词,顺序词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常接不定式作定语.eg.Heisalwaysthefirstonetocometoschool.b)作定语的不定式若是不及物动词,或名词是不定式动作的地点,工具等,不定式后须有相应介词.Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.Pleaseusetheknifetocutit.\n5)做状语：我们经常用不定式来做状语，修饰动词，表示动作的目的，结果或原因。Wemustusetherighttoolstodoagoodjob.(目的)WhathaveIsaidtomakeyousoexcited?(结果)Wejumpedwithjoytohearthenews.(原因)注意“onlytodo”表示没有想到的结果Eg.Hearrivedonlytofindthetrainhadjustleft.\n不定式常在做表语的形容词之后做状语。Iamsorry/gladtohearthat.Hewasannoyedtohearthemtalklikethat.当不定式做目的状语时可以与inorderto,soasto替换，此时否定用inordernotto,soasnotto.Hegotupearlysoasnotto/inordernottobelate.\n这类形容词还有：proud,happy,surprised,eager,ready,kind,lucky,(un)fortunate,(un)able,(un)willing,disappointed,angry,clever,unwise,quick,slow,foolish,rude,wrongetc.6)做宾语补足语Iaskedhimtoshowmethenewdictionary.\n**Note:A)(v)+sb+todosthask,tell,invite,force,get,allow,*help,wish,want,persuade,remind,request,order,warn,causeetc.Ididn’texpectyoutoarrivesoearly.MayIrequestyoutoattendthemeeting?\n(B)(v)+sb+todosth/(v)+doingsthadvise,allow,forbid,encourage,permit,recommend.(C)有些动词之后带不带to的不定式。feel;hear,listento;make,let,have;see,lookat,watch,notice,observeWhatmadeyouthinkofthat?但如果改为被动，除let外,to必须恢复。Theyweremadetoworkdayandnight.Hewasletgo.\n不带to的不定式：wouldrather…than…donothing/morethan…Eg.Iwouldratherdiethan__________.Duringthecoursehedidnothingbut__________.cannotbut…cannotchoosebut…cannothelpbut…havenothingtodobut…Eg.Icannotbut_______hiscourage.Shecoulddonothingbut_______.Why…?Whynotdo…?\n(D.)作独立成分totellthetruth,tobefrank,tobeexact,tobeginwith,tomakemattersworse,tomakealongstoryshortneedlesstosayeg.Tobefrank,Idon’tlikeyourhairstyle.(E.)不定式与疑问词who,which,when,where等连用,在句中可充当主语,表语,宾语等.eg.Ihavenoideawhattosay.\n(b)besaid,bereported,beknown,bebelievedItissaidthathecamefromapeasantfamily.Heissaidtocomefromapeasantfamily.(F)一些常用的不定式句型：(c)be(un)likely,becertain,besuretodosth.Theyarelikelytobeonthecampus.Victoryissuretobeours.(a)too…to,enough…to…\n(d.)seemto,happento,appeartoAllthestudentsseemedtohaveknownwhathadhappened.Theboyhappenedtobewatchingafootballgamewhenhismothercamebackhome.\n(Ⅱ)不含to的不定式。1)Why引导的疑问句中不带to.Whyspendsuchalotofmoney?Whynotdoitrightnow?2)hadbetter,wouldrather---thanIwouldrathergothanstay.Hepreferstogobackratherthanstay.3)介词but,except,besides前有do的各种形式,那这些介词后不定式不带to.IhavenothingtodobutwatchTV.Ihavenochoicebuttogoshopping.\n(2)And,or连接的两个不定式,后面的to可省略.Ihardlyknewwhethertolaughorcry.(3)当主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中出现do时,在主句中作表语的不定式可省to.WhatIreallywanttodowaswritealetter.AllIdidwascleanroom.(4)can’tchoosebut…,can’thelpbut…,can’tbut…,canbut…后Ican’tbutlaughtohearsuchastory.\n不定式与动名词区别1.不定式表具体动作,动名词表抽象动作.eg.Doingsimplethingsisboring.Todothissimplethingwillbeboring.2.begin,start,continue下列情况下必须接不定式1)主语是物不是人2)后接表心理活动或状态的动词3)这些词用于进行时4)后接被动eg.Thesnowbegan_________(melt).tomelt\nIstarted___________thatIwaswrong.(realize)3.remember,forget,regret+todo(未做)doing(已做)4.Meantodotrytododoingdoing5.stoptodogoontododoingdoingtorealize\nExercisesRatherthan______theapplestogobad,thegrocerpreferred_______themathalfprice.A.allow,tosellB.allow,sellingC.toallow,tosellD.toallow,selling2.Somepeoplelaughedatothers_______themselveslaughedat.A.andonlyfindB.onlyfindingC.onlytofindD.tofindonlyA.C.\n3.Acleverstudentwilltry________mistakes.A.tolearnbyB.tolearnfromC.learningfromD.learning4.--Whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?--________enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Togetting5.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople____.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdoneB.C.A.\n6.Don’tforget_____yourmapnexttimeyoucometoschool.A.totakeB.bringingC.tobringD.taking7.Quiteafewpeopleusedtobelievethatdisaster____ifamirrorwasbroken.A.wassureofstrikingB.wassuretobestruckC.wassureofhavingstruckD.wassuretostrike8.Sandycoulddonothingbut______tohisteacherthathewaswrong.A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmitC.D.A.\n9.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheaterthisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking10.Thiskindofmachineisbelieved_____inafewyears.A.tohavebeenmadeB.tobemadeC.shouldbemadeD.tomake11.Iseatedmyselfinthefrontrowtomakemyself____thespeaker.A.understandB.understoodC.understandingD.tounderstandA.B.A.\n12.WhenAlicefirstcametoChina,shecouldn’tusechopsticks_______.A.toeatB.eatingC.foreatingD.toeatwith13.Hecan’thelp_____thebikebecauseheisbusydoingthehomework.A.torepairB.repairingC.repairedD.beingrepaired14.Youhadbetternot_____.I’llteachyou_____electricityfromwaterpower.A.toworry,togetB.worry,gettingC.worry,howtogetD.toworry,howgettingD.A.C.\n15.Everyminuteismadefulluseof______thetest.A.toprepareforB.preparingC.preparingforD.beingpreparedforA.