高中英语句型归纳 39页

高中英语句型归纳时间:2006-03-2618:10:15|[<<][>>]高中英语句型归纳1.bedoing/beabouttodo/haddonewhen⋯⋯(when,：这时,强调一个动作的突然发生)1).Iwaswalkingalongtheriver,whenIheardadrowningboycryforhelp.2).Iwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.3).Ihadjustfinishedmytestpaperwhenthebellrang,announcingtheexamwasover.2.Itwas(not)+时间段+before+一般过去时过了一段时间就⋯⋯..Itwill(not)be+时间段+before+一般现在时要过一段时间才会⋯Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since⋯..Itwas+点时间+when⋯..Itwas+时间状语+that⋯（强调句）..1).Itwasnotlongbeforehesensedthedangeroftheposition.不久他就意识到他处境危险（动作已发生）2).Itwillbehalfayearbeforeyougraduatefromtheschool.还有半年你才从这个学校毕业（动作未发生）\n3).Itis3yearssinceheworkedhere.=helefthere.（since从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词，要从这个动作结束的时候算起）4).Itwas3o’clockwhentheyreceivedthetelephone.5)Itwasat3o’clockthattheyreceivedthetelephone.3.no比较级than:A与B都不⋯⋯⋯/仅仅，只有not比较级than:A不如B/不超过，至多more⋯⋯⋯than⋯⋯⋯与其⋯.倒不如⋯⋯(=notas/so⋯⋯..as⋯⋯)morethan=notonly不仅仅⋯⋯..1).HeworksnoharderthanI.他和我都不用功2).Hedoesn’tworkharderthanI.他不如我用功3).Therearenomorethansevenpeopleintheroom.屋里仅有七个人4).Therearenotmorethansevenpeopleintheroom.屋里至多有七个人5).Heismorediligentthanclever.与其说他聪明，倒不如说他勤奋Heisnotas/socleverasdiligent.6)Itismorelikeameetingthanlikeaparty.-->Itisnotasapartyasameeting7).Mr.Zhangismorethanmyteacher,heisalsomybestfriend.张先生不仅仅是我的老师，他还是我的朋友4.once⋯一旦..⋯..,表示时间和条件\n1)Onceyouunderstandwhattheteacherexplained,youwillhavenodifficultydoingthework.2).Onceyouhavedecidedtodosomething,youshouldfinishitanddoitwell.5.The+比较级⋯⋯.，the+比较级⋯⋯..越⋯⋯,越⋯⋯1)Themorebooksyouread,themoreknowledgeyouwillget.2)Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.6.asif/asthough（表示与事实相反，用虚拟；若表示即将成为事⋯..实或有可能成为事实，则用陈述语气）1).Hewasingreattrouble,butheactedasifnothinghadhappened.2).Althoughtheyjustmetforthefirsttime,theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsformanyyears3).Thecloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.7.n./adj./adv./v.+as/though+主语+谓语，⋯⋯尽管⋯⋯,⋯⋯.引导让步状语从句1).Childasheis,IalreadyknowwhatcareerIwanttofollow.2).Tryashemight,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.3).MuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreewithhisidea.8.whether⋯.or⋯无论是.⋯.还是⋯.1).Whethertheweatherisgoodorbad,theywillsetoffastheyplanned.2).Anyperson,whetheryoungorold,hashisownworth.9.疑问词+ever=nomatter+疑问词,引导让步状语从句或名词性从\n句1).Whichever(=Nomatterwhich)youlike,youcantakeitaway.(让步状语从句)Youcantakeawaywhichever(=anyonethat)youlike(名词性从句)2).Wheneveryoucomes,youwillbewelcome.(让步状语从句)3).Whateverhappens,Iwillsupportyou.(让步状语从句)4).Whoeverbreaksthelaw,hewillcertainlybepunished.(让步状语从句)Whoeverbreaksthelawwillcertainlybepunished.(名词性从句)5).Howevergreatthedifficultyis,wecanovercomeit.(让步状语从句)10.if/aslongas/solongas/providingthat/providedthat/supposingthat/onconditionthat假如⋯..1).Iwilllendyoumoneyonconditionthatyoucanreturnitwithin3months.11.giventhat/consideringthat考虑到⋯..,鉴于⋯⋯1).Givenherinterestinchildren/Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,I’msureteachingistherightcareerforher.2).Consideringhisageandhisexperience,hehasdonewell.12.incasethat/incaseof⋯万一..⋯..,以防⋯..1).Incaseoffire,pleasedial119atonce.\n2).IncasethatJohncomes/Johnshouldcome,tellhimtowait.13.祈使句+or/otherwise+结果句或祈使句+and+结果句1).Stopdoingsuchfoolishthing,oryouwillbepunishedintime.2).Moreeffort,andtheproblemwouldhavebeensettled.3).Thinkitover,andyouwillfindtheanswer.14.so/such⋯⋯..that引导结果状语从句时须注意⋯⋯.当名词前many,much,little,few有修饰时,用so不用such因为此时的中心词不再是名词，而是many,much,little,few这些表示数量的词。1).Thewesternerseatsomuchfatandsugarthattheyputonweighteasily.2).Therearesofewfishinthelakethatwecouldn’tfishthemeasily.当名词是单数可数名词，前面又由adj.修饰时，注意冠词的位置，即so+adj+a(n)+n或such+a(n)+adj.+n1).Heissuchanhonestperson/sohonestapersonthatyoucandependonhimwhenyouareintrouble.当so/such引导的部分位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构1).Suchgreatprogresshashemadeinhisstudiesthatwealladmirehim.当主从句主语一致时可与动词不定式相互转换,即变成so/such⋯⋯.astodo结构。1).Thewesternerseatsomuchfatandsugarastoputonweighteasily.\n15.sothat引导目的状语从句与结果状语从句sothat引导目的状语从句时常与情态动词连用（=inorderthat），当主从句主语一致时可转换为soastodo/inordertodo.1).Heturneduptheradioalittlesothathecouldhearthenewsclearly.Heturneduptheradioalittlesoastohearthenewsclearly.2).Heclosedallthewindowswhiledrivingsothatheshouldn’catchtcold.(否定句中情态动词用shouldn’t)sothat引导结果状语从句一般不与情态动词连用1).Heturneduptheradioalittlesothatheheardthenewsclearly.16.cannever/can与’too,toomuch,enough,over-t搭配表示“无论怎样⋯.都不过分”1).Whileyouaredoingyourhomework,youcan’tbecarefulenough.2).Heissuchagreatmanthatwecan’tpraisehimtoomuch.3).WilliamHartleywashandsome,determinedandhardworking,inaword,Icouldn’speakttoohighlyofhim.4).ThedevelopmentofsocietyhasmadeitnecessaryforustohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish,sowecan’toveremphasizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish.5).Sinceitisagoodthing,wecan’tdoittoosoon.17.不定式作主语，it作形势主语：It+系动词+adj./n..+forsb.todo(forsb.表示动词不定式动作的执行者)\nIt+系动词+adj.+ofsb.todo（ofsb.既表示动词不定式动作的执行者有表示人所具备的性质或特征）1).It’simportantforustohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.2).Howrudeofhimtotreatachildlikethat!3).It’sthoughtfulofhimtofixusupforthenight.18.不定式作宾语，it作形势宾语：主语+think/consider/believe/make/feel+it+adj./n.+forsb./ofsb.+todo1).Ifeelitfoolishofhimtobelievesuchaman.2).Thetimelyrainhadmadeitpossibleforthecropstogrowwell.19.won’t/can’thavesb.doing/done不能容忍某行为发生1).Youaretoorude,andIwon’thaveyouspeakingtoMotherlikethatagain.2).Wecan’thaveanythingdoneagainsttheschoolrules.20.Itissaid/thought/hoped/believed⋯..that⋯⋯Sb.issaid/thought/hoped/believedtodo⋯..1).Itissaidthatheisstudyingabroad.-->Heissaidtobestudyingabroad.2).ItisconsideredthatmanycountrieshighlyvalueChina’rolesinhelpingworld’speace.ManycountriesisconsideredtohighlyvalueChina’rolesin\nhelpingworld’speace.21.表示过去原打算干，却未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图hadhopedtodo=hopedtohavedone.。类似的词还有：expect,think,intend,design,plan,mean,suppose等wouldlike/prefer/lovetohavedonewas/weetohavedonewas/weresupposedtohavedone1).---Didyougotoseethefilm“Titanic”lastnight?---I’dliketohave,butIhadanunexpectedguest.2).Theplanewastohavetakeoffat7thismorning,butwasheldupbytheheavyfog.22.Howdidsbcometodo⋯..?=Howcomethat⋯.为什么会⋯../⋯⋯是怎么回事？表示要求对所发生的事情说明理由或做出解释1).Howdidyoucometofindoutwhereshe’sliving?=Howcomethatyoufoundout⋯.你是怎么打听到她住在哪儿的?2).Howcomethatyousatthere,doingnothing?为什么坐在那儿什么也不干?3).Howdidhecometobesofoolish?23.Itis(not)likesb.todo⋯.（⋯...不）像某人的所作所为1).It’slikehimtoanswerforwhathehasdone.敢对自己的行为负责，这\n是他的一贯作风2).It’snotlikehimtohavebeensorudetohismother.24.whenitcomesto⋯..当谈到或涉及到⋯⋯1).Heisamanoffewwords,butwhenitcomestoplayingcomputer,hewillbeexcitedandfullofenergy.2).Whenitcomestohelpinghiswifewiththehousework,Johnnevercomplains.25.everytime/eachtime/nexttime/thefirsttime/anytime等短语引导时间状语从句，表示“每当⋯..,每次⋯..,下次⋯..”1).Everytimeyoumeetwithnewwordswhilereading,don’alwaystrefertoyourdictionary.Whenyoumeetwithnewwordseverytime⋯..2)Nexttimeyoucome,doremembertobringyoursonhere.3)Youarewelcometocomebackanytimeyouwantto.26.Thereis(no)needtodo⋯../for-Itis(not)necessaryforsb.⋯.todo⋯.Thereis(no)hope/chance/possibilityofdoing⋯.Thereis(no)difficulty/trouble/point/delay(in)doing1).Isthereanychanceofus/ourwinningthematch?2).Thereisnopointindiscussingtheproblemagain.27.Itisuptosb.todosth.应由某人来做某事⋯⋯..1)---Whenshallwestartout?---It’suptoyoutodecide.\n2).It’suptoyoutobabysitmysowhileIamawayonbusiness.28.beuptosth.忙于⋯..,从事⋯⋯.,胜任⋯..1).Johnisn’treallyuptothatjob.约翰不适合干那项工作2).Whathaveyoubeenuptorecently?最近你一直在忙些什么29.Itistimetodo/Itistimethat+主语+动词的一般过去式该是做⋯..的时候了Itistimethatweendedthediscussion.30.it强调句：基本构成形式：Itis/was+被强调部分+who/that+原句剩余部分e.g.:Imethiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon.ItwasIwho/thatmethiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon.(强调是我，不是别人)Itwashimwho/thatImetinthestreetyesterdayafternoon.(强调我遇见的是他，不是别人)ItwasinthestreetthatImethimyesterdayafternoon.(强调是在大街上，不是在别的地方，强调的是地点，但不用where)ItwasyesterdayafternoonthatImethiminthestreet(强调是昨天下午，不是在别的时候,强调的是时间，但不用when)强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Wasit+被强调部分+who/that+原句剩余部分强调句的特殊疑问句：What/When/Where/Who/How⋯⋯is/\nwasit+who/that+原句剩余部分1).Whowasitthat/whoyoumetinthestreetyesterdayafternoon?Tellmewhoitwasthat/whoyoumetinthestreetyesterdayafternoon?31.do,did,does用于强调谓语动词，加强语气1).Heisagoodstudent.-->Hedoesbeagoodstudent2).Hehelpedusyesterday.Hedidhelpusyesterday.3).Becareful!Dobecareful!32.Therebe句型：therebe之后如有几个并列主语，be动词的选择要取决于第一个主语，即就近原则。1).Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.-->Therearetwobooksandapenonthedesk.Therebe句型中，be动词还有其他变化形式，常见的有：Thereseemtobe,Therehappentobe,Thereusedtobe,Thereislikelytobe,Therehavebeen/hasbeen等1).Thereseems/appearstobemuchhopeofourteamwinningthematch.2).TherehappenedtobenobodyintheroomwhenIcamein.3).Therehavebeengreatchangesinmyhometownsince1978.\n4).Thereusedtobeabusstationatthecornerofthestreet.5).Therearelikelytobemoredifficultiesthanexpectedwhilewearecarryingouttheplan.Therebe句型的独立主格结构作状语：（有连词，用句子，没有连词，用独立结构）1).Therebeingnobuses,wehadtowalkhome.=Becausetherewerenobuses,wehadtowalkhome.2).Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime,thecropsinthefielddied.=Becausetherehadbeennorainforalongtime,thecropsinthefielddied.Therebe句型的非谓语形式：1).Idon’twanttheretobeanymisunderstandingbetweenus.2).Weexpecttheretobeachanceofstudyingabroad.3).Itisusualfortheretobeagenerationgapbetweenparentsandchildren.33.not/never⋯⋯.until直到⋯..才1).Thevillagersdidn’trealizehowseriousthepollutionwasuntilallthefishdiedintheriver.Itwasnotuntilallthefishdiedintheriverthatthevillagersrealizedhowseriousthepollutionwas.(强调句)Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriverdidthevillagersrealizehowseriousthepollutionwas.（倒装句）\n34.notonly⋯..but(also)⋯..引导并列结构：主语时，谓语动词与邻近的一个主语保持一致。1).Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentshavetheireyesexaminedregularly.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherhashiseyesexaminedregularly.2).Theysuggestedweshouldnotonlyattendtheparty,butgiveaperformance.Theysuggestedweshouldgiveaperformanceaswellasattendthepartynotonly⋯..but(also)引导并列句时，⋯..notonly引导的部分置于句首时要部分倒装1).Notonlywaseverythinghehadtakenaway,butalsohisGermancitizenshipwastakenaway.2).Notonlyshouldwestudentsstudyhard,butalsoweshouldknowhowtoenjoyourselvesinoursparetime.35.prefertodoAratherthandoB（两者相比）⋯愿意干A而不愿意干B==wouldratherdoAthandoB1).Iprefertostayathomeratherthangototheparkinsuchweather.2).Ratherthanrideonacrowdedbus,healwaysprefertorideabicycle.\n36.wouldrather+从句（从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中谓语动词用一般过去式，表示现在或将来的愿望；从句中谓语动词用过去完成时，表示对过去的愿望）1).I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightnow.我想让你现在就把信寄出去。2).---Afriendofyourswillcometoseeyoutoday.你的一位朋友今天要来看你。---I’dratherhecameheretomorrow.我倒情愿他明天来。3).I’dratheryouwerenotacelebratedactor.Inthatcase,wecouldspendmoretimetogether.我倒情愿你不是什么名演员，这样我们可以有更多的时间在一起。4).I’dratherIhadn’tseenheryesterday.我情愿昨天没见到她。37.不能用wouldrathersb.do（更愿让某人干某事）的形式，可转化为wouldratherhavesbdo或转化为wouldrather+从句**1).Whowouldyourather_____withtheteacherabouttheproblem?A.talkingB.talkC.havetalkedD.havetalk答案：D38.so,neither/nor引导得倒装句表示“另一者也如如此”及前者的情况也适用于后者，用so,neither/nor引导得倒装句，助动词的选择依据前一句的谓语动词。1).Hehasfinishedhishomework,sohaveI.\n2).Mysisterpreferscoffee,sodoI.3).Johncan’trideabicycle,neither/norcanI.4).Ifhebuysthebook,sowillhisclassmates.若前句的谓语动词既有肯定又有否定形式时，或谓语动词不属于一类时，用Itis/wasthesamewithsb.或Soitis/waswithsb.1).Heisaworkerandheworkshard,soitiswithJohn.若后一句是对前一句所说的内容表示赞同或认可，则主语和谓语不倒装。1).---Itiscoldtoday.---Yes.Soitis2).---HevisitedTokyolastweek.---Yes.Sohedid.39.倍数表达法：A+谓语+倍数+the+n.(size/height/length⋯⋯)+ofBA+谓语+倍数+as+abj.+asBA+谓语+倍数+adj.比较级+thanBA+谓语+adj.比较级+thanB+by+倍数1).Thissquareistwicethesizeofthatone.Thissquareistwiceaslargeasthatone.Thissquareisoncelargerthanthatone.2).Thisfactoryproducedthreetimesasmanycarsastheydid10yearsago.3).Heis3yearsolderthanI-HeisolderthanIby3years\n40.sb.spendmoney/timeonsth.indoingsthsb.paymoney(tosb)forsth.sth.costsb.money/timeIttakessb.sometimetodosth.1).ThetimehespendswatchingTVisasmuchashedoesdoinghishomework.2).Themp3.forwhichhepaidonly￥150provedtobeuseful.3).Thenaughtyboycosthismothermanysleeplessnights.41.当all,each,both,every基every,each的复合词语否定词连用时，为部分否定，“并非都⋯.”1).Notallofthemwenttothepartylastnight.-->Allofthemdidn’tgotothepartylastnight.2).Bothoftheanswersarenotright.(=Onlyoneofthetwoanswersisright.)3).Wecouldn’teatintherestaurant,because___ofushad____money.A.all,noB.all,anyC.none,anyD.none,no答案：C42.as/with表示“随⋯⋯进展”，as后面接句子，with后面接短语1).Withtheindustrydeveloping,thepollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.Astheindustrydevelops,thepollutionisbecomingmoreand\nmoreserious.43.Onlyif与IfonlyOnlyif=if,引导条件状语从句1).---OnlyifIlendyouahand?---I’msureIcanfinishitontime.Ifonly=HowIwish引导的句子用虚拟语气，⋯.,表示难以实现的愿望***Ifonly=HowIwish主语+情态动词+V.（谓语动词的动作在wish之后进行）主语+动词的一般过去式（谓语动词的动作与wish同时进行）主语+haddone（谓语动词的动作在wish之前进行）1).Ifonlywedidn’thavesomanyexamines!2).Ifonlyhecouldcometomorrow!3).IfonlyIhadn’tmadesomanymistakes!3).Hecouldn’worktoutasingleproblemwhenhewasintheexam.hall.Howhewishedheknewalltheanswer!Hecouldn’tworkoutasingleproblemwhenhewasintheexam.hall.Howhewishedhehadstudiedhardbefore!44.with的复合结构（作状语或作定语）with+n.+n.(with可以省略)\n1).Theworkforceismadeupof400workers,(with)mostofthemwomen.(=mostofwhomarewomen./andmostofthemarewomen.)with+n.+adj.(with可以省略)1).(With)thestreetwetandslippery,wehadtorideourbikesslowlyandcarefully.Becausethestreetwerewetandslippery,⋯⋯⋯.2).Thestudentswerelisteningtotheteacher,(with)theireyeswideopen.Thestudentswerelisteningtotheteacher,andtheireyeswerewideopen.with+n.+adv.(with可以省略)1).Heputonhiscoathurriedly,(with)thewrongsideoutwith+n.+prep-phrase(with可以省略)1).Theoldmanwasseatedinthesofa,(with)apipeinhismouth.(Also:pipeinmouth)with+n.+todo/tobedone（动词不定式的动作还未进行）with+n.+doing/beingdone（动词不定式的动作正在进行）with+n.+done（动词不定式的动作已经完成或指n.所处的状态）1).Withsomanyproblemstosettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardyear.2).Hewaslyinginbed,withhiseyesfixedontheceiling\n3).Withthetemplebeingrepaired,wecan’tvisitedit.45.以here,there,in,out,up,down等副词开头的倒装句(多用一般现在时表示正在进行的动作。)1).Herecomesthebus!(=Thebusiscominghere!)2).Awayhewent.他走远了（若主语是代词则主语与谓语不倒装）46.方位状语位于句首时的倒装句1).Infrontofthehousestoppedapolicecar.2).Underthetreesataboy,withabookinhishand.47.具有否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时句子要部分倒装。常用的此有：little,never,seldom,hardly,rarely,nosooner,innotime,bynomeans,innocase等1).Notasinglemistakedidhemakeintheexam.2).Innotimedidthemanrealizewhatwashappening.3).Innocasecanyoutellhimthetruth.4).Hardlyhadthetrainleftwhenherememberedhehadlefthissuitcaseonit.Nosoonerhadthetrainleftthanherememberedhehadlefthissuitcaseonit.48.themoment,theminute,immediately,directly,ondoing⋯表示“一⋯.就”1).Onarriving(hisarrival)attheairport,hewassurroundedbythereporters.\n2).---HaveyougiveJohnthebook?---Yes,themomentIsawhim.49.ratherthan1).Itisbettertoaskforhelpatthebeginningratherthantowaituntilabusyperiodwheneveryoneisrushedofftheirfeet.2).Itisthebosswhoistoblameratherthantheworkers.50.while/but：while侧重两者之间的对比，but多指一件事的两个对立面。1).HelikeslisteningtomusicwhileIlikewatchingTV.2).Ibadlywantedthatbook,butIhaventenoughmoney.’51.onlytodo作结果状语，多用来表示出人意料、结局令人沮丧的结果。动词多是终结性的词，如：find,learn,tobetold,tobecaught等1).Hisfatherdisappeared,nevertoheardfromagain.2).Hehurriedtohisoffice,onlytobetoldthathewasdismissed.52.onemoment⋯⋯andnow⋯⋯.刚才还⋯⋯.现在却⋯⋯1).Onemomentthetwoboyswereplaying,andnowtheyarequarrelling.2).Onemomentitwasfine,andnowitisraining.53.of+n.表示某物具备某种性质或特征1).NewZealandwineisofhighqualityandissoldallovertheworld.2).Theyareofthesameheight.3).Coinsareofdifferentsizes,weights,shapesandofdifferentmetals.\n4).Sportsandgamesareofgreatvalueforchildren’sstudy.54.only+状语的结构放在句首，主句要部分倒装1).Theteachertoldmethatonlyinthatway,couldIlearnEnglishwell.2).Ireceivedmymother’scallat11a.m.,onlythendidIrememberitwasmybirthdaytoday.55.Whatdoyouthinkof⋯⋯（这三个句式用来询问某人对某个?事物的评价或看法，Howdoyoufind⋯⋯?其回答应该是评价性的话语）Howdoyoulike⋯..?1).---Howdoyoufindthefilmlastnight?---Ihaveneverseenaworseonebefore.56.Whatis/was⋯⋯⋯like?用来询问人或事物的特征或本质1).---Whatisyourmotherlike?---Sheisaveryniceperson./Sheisverybeautiful./Shelookslikeherfather.2).---Whatistheweathergoingtobethisweekend?---Itisgoingtobefine.57.虚拟语气中的重点句型If+were/did(动词过去式)，主语+情态动词（would,could,might,should）+do（用来表示对现在情况的假设）\n1).Idon’thaveacellphone.IfIhadone,itwouldbeconvenientformetocontractothers.If+haddone(过去完成式)，主语+情态动词（would,could,might,should）+havedone（用来表示对过去情况的假设）1).IfIhadgonetotheconcert,Iwouldhaveseenthefamoussinger.If+were/did(动词过去式)，主语+情态动词（would,could,might,should）+doweretodoshoulddo（用来表示对将来情况的假设）1).IfIwerenottotake/shouldtake/tooktheexamtomorrow,Iwouldgoshoppingwithyou.虚拟语气条件句的倒装：在虚拟语气条件句中，如果出现助动词were,should,had，可省略if,把这些词提到主语前面，变成倒装句。1).Shouldheactlikethatagain,hewouldbefined.Ifheshouldactlikethatagain,⋯⋯Werehetoactlikethatagain,hewouldbefined.Ifheweretoactlikethatagain,⋯⋯***Ifheactedlikethatagain,（不可以倒装）⋯⋯2).Hadthedoctorcomeintimelastnight,theboywouldhavebeensaved.\nIfthedoctorhadcomeintimelastnight,⋯⋯⋯..3).IfIhadtimenow,Iwouldgotothefilmwithyou.（不可以倒装,因为句中的had不是助动词）Butfor⋯.-->Ifitwerenotfor⋯../Ifithadn’tbeenfor1).Butforthedeterminedcaptain,allthepassengersonboardwouldnthavebeensaved.Ifithadn’tbeenforthedeterminedcaptain,allthepassengersonboard⋯⋯2).Butforyourrichparents,youwouldn’tlivesuchaeasylife.Ifitwerenotforyourrichparents,youwouldn’tlivesuchaeasylife.再suggest,insist,demand,require,request,order,advise,propose等表示建议、要求、命令、主张的动词引导的名词性从句中，从句的谓语动词要用(should)do的形式1).MotherinsistedthatJohn(should)gotobedbefore9o’olock.对比：HeinsistedthatIhadtakenawayhisdictionary.（不是建议、要求、命令或主张）2).HissuggestionthatTony(should)beinvitedtothepartywasrefused.（同位语从句）对比：Hiswordssuggestedthathewasveryangrywithme.（不是建议、要求、命令或主张）58.taste,smell,look,sound,feel等感官动词作为系动词后面要接adj.作表语。\n1).Appleofthiskindtasteverynice.2).Smellingnice,thiskindofbreadsellswell.59.有些动词常用作不及物动词与well或easily连用，表示某物具备的某种特征。常用的词有sell,cut,wash,last,burn等。1).Hislatestworksellswell2).Drywoodburnseasily.60.否定词与比较级连用，表达最高级的含义1).Ihaveneverseenabetterfilm.2).Ican’tagreeyoumore.我非常同意61.替代句型：英语中为了避免重复，在比较从句中常用一些替代词来代替前文出现过的词。用助动词代替主句中的有关动词：1).IearnmorethanIdidinthepast.2).JohnspendsasmuchtimewatchingTVashedoeswriting.3).Chinaisnolongerwhatitwas/usedtobe.拥代词代替前文出现过的有关名词：that代替指物的单数可数名词或抽象不可数名词，一般是特指的those代替指人或指物的复数名词，一般是特指的=theonesone代替指人或指物的单数可数名词，一般是泛指的ones代替指人或指物的复数名词，一般是泛指的1).Theoutputofcoalthisyearistwiceasmuchasthatoflastyear.2).Thestudentsinthisclassaremoreactivethanthoseinthatone.\n3).Abridgemadeofsteelisstrongerthanonemadeofstones.4).Smallbananasusuallytastebetterthanbiggerones.动词不定式、动名词用法要点讲解文章来源：教育热点论文网文章编辑：EduHot发布时间：2006-04-13⒈不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1)把不定式置于句首。如：Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：①It＋be＋名词＋todoIt'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.②Ittakessb+sometime+todoHowlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?③It＋be＋形容词＋forsb＋todoItisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.④It＋be＋形容词＋ofsb＋todoItisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays.\n⑤Itseems(appears)＋形容词＋todoItseemedimpossibletosavemoney.在句型③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等；在句型④中，careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或词。在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sbis＋形容词＋to如：It'skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.=YouarekindtohelpmewithmyEnglis⒉动名词作主语Learningwithoutpracticeisnogood.动名词作主语时，也常用It句式。如：①It's+nogood(nouse,fun,apleasure,awasteoftime)+doing,It'snogoodreadingindimlight.It'snousesittingherewaiting.②It's＋形容词＋doingIt'sdangerousswimmingintheseainwindydays.这样用的形容词有expensive,nice,tiring等，但important,necessary则不适用于这应用不定式代替，如：It'simportantforyoutokeepfit.③Thereisno+doingThereisnosayingwhatwillhappennext.在这一结构中，动名词后常带宾语，相当于"It'simpossibleto,"结构。⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；而动\n语经常表示抽象动作，经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。如：It'snogoodeatingtoomuchfat.It'snogoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.②动名词结构作主语，可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语。如：It'snouseyourpretendingthatyoudidn'tknowtherules.二、作宾语⒈不定式作宾语①以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等，这些词大部分可接that引导如：Idecidedtoaskformymoneyback.IdecidedthatIwouldaskformymoneyback.Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedtostartbackonfoot.Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedthatwewouldstartbackonfoot.②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置后，即：主语＋动词＋it＋补语＋todo句式。如：Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.③介词but,except,besides+todo(do)在这种句型中，如介词前有动词do，后面应接不带to的不定式；如无do，则接\n式，即带do不带to，带to不带do。如：Theenemysoldiershadnochoicebuttogivein.OnSundayafternoonIhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.⒉动名词作宾语①以下动词后，只能接动名词作宾语，admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imagine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,don'tmind,giveup,insist,on,putoff等。如Isuggestspendingoursummervacationinaseasidetown.Youmustgiveupsmoking,foritdoestoomuchharmtoyourhealth.②动名词作介词的宾语Ishouldgotoattendthebirthdaycelebrationinsteadofstayingathome.WhataboutinvitingLiJuntomakeaspeech?动名词前的介词有时可以省略，如：havedifficulty(in)doing,havenotrouble(in)doitime(in)doing,prevent/stop,(from)doing,thereisnouse(in)doing等。⒊部分动词后面，既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，意义不变begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,need,require,want等。在need,require,want后接-ing形式，表示被动意义，也可接不定式，但要用被动形Yourhandwritingneedsimproving(tobeimproved).hate,love,like接不定式表示特定件，接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为。在下列情况下，一般要用不定式：①hate,like,love前有would(should)时，如：I'dliketohaveacupofcoffee.②当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时，如：Thestudentsarestartingtow\ndifficultmathsproblem.③begin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时，如：Isoonbegantouwhatwashappening.⒋advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语，或带不定式作语。如：Ourteachersdon'tpermitourswimminginthelake.Ourteachersdon'tpermitustoswiminthelake.⒌部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，应根据句子语境选择使用。①forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示现在或未来的动作，接动名词表示动生。如：Don'tforgetfoposttheletterforme.HaveyouforgottenmeetingherinBeijingAirport?Remembertoclosethewindowsbeforeyouleave.Irememberwritinghimaletterayearago.Weregrettotellyouthatallofyouarenotinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Theyregrettedorderingthesebooksfromabroad.②meantodo打算做某事doing意味着,,Imeanttocatchupwiththeearlybus.\nThismeanswastingalotofmoney.③trytodo设法尽力做某事doing试着做某事Youshouldtrytoovercomeyourshortcomings.Tryworkingoutthephysicsprobleminanotherway.④stoptodo停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）doing停止做某事Onthewaytotheairport,Istoppedtobuyapaper.You'dbetterstoparguinganddoasyouaretold.⑤can'thelpdoing禁不住,,todo不能帮助干,,Theycouldn'thelpjumpingupatthenews.SorryIhavelotsofworktodo.SoIcan'thelptomakeuptheroomforyou.⑥goontodo做不同的事或不同内容的事doing继续不停地做某事，指同一动作的继续Hewentontotalkaboutworldsituation.他接着又谈了世界形势。We'llgoonfightingsolongasthereisoppressionintheworld.⑦leaveofftodo离开某地去干什么（目的状语）doing停下某事It'stimetoleaveofftalkingandtostartacting.Theyleftofftogofishing.\n三、做表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。①Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.②Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.③WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.当主语和表语都是不定式时，其含义一是条件，一是结果（例①）。当aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组（例②）what引导的名词性分句（例③），不定式说明主语的内容。字串7④Ourworkisservingthepeople.⑤Whathelikesistakingawalkaftersupper.⑥ThestorytoldbyMr.Wangisinteresting.④⑤句动名词作表语，与主语部分可以转换，如Servingthepeopleisoutwork,而现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质、状态，现在分词具有形容词的各种特征，另词作表语还应与进行时态区别开来。四、作定语⒈不定式作定语不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：①ThenexttraintoarriveisfromWashington.②Haveyouanythingtobetakentoyoursister?③Doyouhaveanythingtosayonthequestion?④Wouldyoupleasegivemesomepapertowriteon?⑤MywishtovisitFrancehascometrueatlast.\n不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系：(1)表示将来的动作（例①）。(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词（例④）。(3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系有被动含义，却仍用主动语态（例③）；如只有动宾关系，而无逻辑上的主谓关系被动语态（例②）。(4)不定式作定语时，一般可转换为定语从句，例①toarrive=thatwillarrive。⒉动名词作定语①Thispassagecanbeusedaslisteningmaterials.②Thereadingroomofourschoollibrarycanhold800people.③Allmovingbodieshaveenergy.①②句动名词作定语说明一种性能，即：用来,,的；第③句为现在分词作定分词作定语常置于被修饰词之前，与被修饰词之间，可构成逻辑上的主谓关系，作定语常置于被修饰词之后。如：ThemanstandingattheschoolgateisProfessorHu五、不定式作补足语⒈作宾语补足语一些及物动词除要求按宾语外，有时还需要有宾语补足语，说明宾语的行为、征，这时意思才相对完整。字串2(1)常要求不定式作宾补的动词有：allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,drive（强encourage,expect,forbid,forcelike(love,hate),order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等。如：①WouldyoulikemetogiveyourregardstoMary?\n②Iwantyoutounderstandthewholepassageclearly.(2)部分动词后常接tobe＋形容词、名词短语等形式，有时tobe可省略believe,consider,discover,find(=consider),feel(=think),imagine,judge,know,prove,think,suppose,see(=understandnd等。①WeallbelieveJohn(tobe)honest.②Iconsiderhim(tobe)oneofthebestbiologyteachersofNo.1MiddleSchool.但当不定式是完成式时，to不能省略，如：Weconsiderhimtohavebeenfoolish.(3)感觉动词和使役动词后用作宾补的不定式须省略to。①Ididn'thearanyonesayanythingaboutit.②Theymakethestudentsdotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.这种句式在变为被动语态时，to不能省略，如第②句：Thestudentsaremadetodohomeworkeveryday.(4)help,know后面的"to"可有可无。如：Wouldyoupleasehelpme(to)fillinthetaxform?I'veneverknownher(to)belatebefore.但：HewasknowntohavebeentoFrancebef(5)部分短语动词后，常接不定式作宾补，如：Youmaydependonthemtobethereearly.ThePartycallsonustoincreaseproductionandpractiseeconomy.常这样用的短语动词有：askfor,carefor,callon,counton,dependon,waitfor,longfo\npreparefor,wishfor等。⒉作主语补足语不定式作主语补足语，和主语构成一种逻辑上的主谓关系。如：①Hewasnotallowedtoentertheclassroomforbeinglate.②Theyounguniversitystudentisconsideredtohavegreatpromise.六、不定式作状语⒈作目的状语(1)①Istayedtheretoseewhatwouldhappen.②Henryhasdecidedtogotothehospitaltobeexaminedbythedoctor.(2)有时为了强调，不定式前可加inorder或soas。如：Bobtookdownmytelephonenumbersoas(inorder)nottoforgetit.有时为强调目的状语可把inorderto或不定式置于句首，但soasto不能这样用句式中不定式部分可转换为sothat,inorderthat,成为目的状语从句，如：Istayedtheresothat(inorderthat)Icouldseewhatwouldhappen.(3)在部分表示感情色彩的形容词、过去分词或动词之后可接不定式astonished,glad,happy,laugh,pleased,sad,smile,sorry,surprised等。①Wearegladtohearthenews.②Iwassurprisedtoseethatathree-year-oldbabycouldwritesowell.在部分形容词后接不定式，用主动形式表示被动意义，这种句型中的主语是不辑宾语。如：Thequestionraisedbythestudentisdifficulttoanswer.Theroomisreallycomfortabletolivein.\n常这样用的形容词有：comfortable,easy,dangerous,difficult,expensive,fit,impossible⒉作结果状语Wecamehomeafterourholidaytofindourgardenneatandtidy.不定式作结果状语还常用在下列句式中。如：①so,asto;such,astoI'mnotsostupid(afool)astoputitinwriting.我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来。I'mnotsuchastupidfoolastoputitinwriting.②enough,toThespeedishighenoughforustocatchupwiththefirstliner.③onlytoJanehurriedbackonlytofindhermotherdyinginthehospital.④too,toI'mtootiredtostayuplonger.但在下列结构中，too,to并非是“太,,而不能,,”之意。如：①I'monlytoogladtohavepassedtheexam.考试及格我太高兴了。（too修饰gladt相当于very）字串2②Wehavetoomuchtolearn.我们要学的太多了（不定式作定语）。⒊不定式短语还可作独立成分，用于句首、句中或句末。如：Totellthetruth,theplaywasagreatdisappointmenttome.常见的短语有tobeexact（确切地说），tobeginwith（首先），todohimjustice（公道的话），tobesure（真的）等等。七、动词不定式、动名词的其它用法\n⒈疑问词＋不定式结构疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，主语、宾语、表语等。如：①WhentoleaveforLondonhasnotbeendecidedyet.②Mr.Smithdidn'tknowwhethertoleaveorstaythere.③IaskedProfessorXuhowtolearnEnglishwell.④Thequestionwaswheretogetthemedicineneeded.以上例句中疑问词＋不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。如：①Whenleave,③,howIcouldlearn,经常在这种结构中使用的动词有：consider,decide,discover,exout,forget,hear,know,learn,observe,understand,wonder等。⒉动词不定式的时态、语态(1)时态①一般式：动词不定式一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后，有时表示同时发Ihopetobecomeauniversitystudentthisyear.（tobecome发生在hope之后）WeoftenhearDickplaythepianointhenextroom.（play和hear同时发生）②完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如：I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Wearetooyoungtohaveseentheoldsociety.③进行式：表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。如：TheteacherhappenedtobecorrectingourpaperswhenIcamein.\nTheyseemedtobediscussingsomethingimportant.(2)语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般语态形式。如：It'sagreathonourtobeinvitedtoMary'sbirthdayparty.（不定式作主语）Itwasimpossibleforlosttimetobemadeup.（不定式作主语）Iwishtobesenttoworkinthecountry.（不定式作宾语）Canyoutellmewhichisthecartoberepaired?（不定式作定语）Hewenttothehospitaltobeexamined.（不定式作状语）在Therebe结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：Therearethingstotakecareof(tobetakencareof).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：nothingtodonow.(Wehavenothingtodonow.)Thereisnothingtobedonenow.(Wnothingnow.)⒊动名词的时态、语态(1)时态①一般式：动名词的一般式所表示的动作可以是泛指，也可与谓语动词同时发生在谓语动作之前、之后。如：Weareinterestedincollectingstamps.IshallneverforgetseeingtheGreatWallforthefirsttime.Wearenotafraidofdying.\n②完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如：Lmaginehavingtravelledonthemoon.Wewerepraisedforhavingfinishedtheworkaheadoftime.(2)被动语态①如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示的动作的承受者，动名词要用被动语词的被动语态有一般式与完成式之分。如：Theyoungmancameinwithoutbeingnoticed.Hepridedhimselfonhavingneverbeenbeateninclass.②有些动词后的动名词用主动形式，但表示被动意义。如：Thebikeneedsrepairing.Ifathingisworthdoing,itisworthdoingwell.⒋在口语中，为避免重复，常用"to"代替不定式结构，有时甚至可以把to省略。①—DidyougotovisittheGreatWall?—No,Iwantedto,buttherewasn'tenoughtime.②—Wouldyouliketocometoaparty?—I'dloveto.③—Don'tmakeanymistakesinyourhomework,willyou?—I'lltrynotto.④—Trytobebackby12,won'tyou?—OK,I'lltry.另外，begoingto,oughtto,usedto等也常用于这一结构中。\n⒌在why引起的问句中，省略"to"。如：Whyspendsuchalotofmoney?Whynotwaitforacoupleofdays?⒍当两个或更多作用相同的不定式并列使用时，只在第一个不定式前加"to"。如It'squitenecessaryforustoreadmoreandhavemorepractice.⒎"to"在下列短语中是“介词”，后接动名词或名词形式。如：devote,to,faceupto（勇敢地面对），lookforwardto（盼望），objectto（反对），t成习惯，对,,感兴趣；开始从事某种活动），beusedto（习惯于）等。