高中英语应试辅导篇 4页

　　同学们,你们知道英语中关于"省略"的语法现象吗?在日常生活中,只要不产生歧义,人们往往为避免重复而习惯于应用省略的手段,使得语言简洁、明快.当然,省略的情况五花八门,只有对其常见现象做到心中有数,这样才能有的放矢,应对自如.本文将从省略的三个方面予以剖析,以帮助同学们提高做这类题的应变能力。让我们--　　一、单词省略　　1.不定式符号to的省略　　①四看(see,watch,notice,lookat),二听(hear,listento),一感觉(feel),以及let,make,help,还有have之后的作宾补的不定式,但其被动语态中的to不能省略.例如:　　Thoughhehadmadehislittlesistercry,todayhewasmadetocrybyhislittlesister.　　②词组donothingbut...,can'thelpbut...,prefertodosth.ratherthandosth....,woulddosth.ratherthan...,whynot....等不定式中的to.例如:　　Ratherthan______onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers______abicycle.　　A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding　　注意:在下面四种情形下,为了避免重复,常承前省略不定式后的内容,但要保留不定式符号to.　　①作hope,wish,like,want,expect,decide,mean,intend,refuse,try,need等宾语的不定式.例如:　　-WilltheBrownsgoabroadthissummer?　　-No.Theyfinallydecided.　　A.toB.nottoC.notgoingD.notgo　　②作tell,ask,want,expect,warn等宾语补足语的不定式.例如:　　Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreetbuthismothertoldhim______.　　A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotdo\n　　③在某些形容词,如:happy,glad,ready,anxious,eager,willing等后作状语的不定式.例如:　　-I'llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?　　-Notatall,______.　　A.I'venotimeB.I'drathernotC.I'dlikeD.I'dbehappyto　　④在某些结构,如:beableto,begoingto,beaboutto,oughtto,haveto,usedto等后作复合谓语的不定式.例如:　　-Alice,whydidn'tyoucomeyesterday?　　-I______,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.　　A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did　　2.表虚拟的名词性从句中should的省略　　①一坚持(insist),二命令(order,command),三建议(suggest,propose,advise),四要求(demand,require,request,ask)后的主语、宾语从句中.例如:　　Jane'spalefacesuggestedthatshe　　illandherparentssuggestedthatshe______amedicalexamination.　　A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;hadD.was;has　　②一个主意(idea),一个计划(plan),一个命令(order),三个建议(suggest,proposal,advice)等后的表语、同位语从句中.例如:　　Thesuggestionhasbeenmadethatthefootballgame______putoff.　　A.shouldB.willbeC.beD.hasbeen　　③Itisnecessary(important,impossible,strange,natural,apity,nowonder)that...主语从句中.例如:\n　　Itisnecessarythattheproblem______atonce.　　A.solvesB.shouldsolveC.willbesolvedD.besolved　　3.虚拟条件句中,含助动词,情态动词,动词be或have等,若将它们提到句首,则须省略if。例如:　　______itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.　　A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will　　4.连词的省略　　①引导宾语从句的连词that在口语中常常省略,或并列的宾语从句中的第一个连词that也能省略.例如:　　Hesaid(that)hehadcomehereanhourbeforeandthathehadlivedinahotel.　　②在定语从句中作宾语,且其前没有介词的关系代词,或先行词为way或time等时,常省略关系代词.例如:　　Doyoustillrememberthenameofthecompany______wevisitedlastmonth?　　A.whoseB.asC.\D.where　　Idon'tlike______youspeaktoher.　　A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich　　二、成分省略　　1.在选择疑问句、反意疑问句及一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句的答语中,通常都承前将重复的成分省略。例如:　　-Hehasn'teverbeentoDalian,hashe(everbeentoDalian)?　　-No,hehasn't(beentoDalian).　　DoyoulikestudyingChineseor(doyoulikestudying)English?\n　　2.在时间、条件、地点、让步、方式等状语从句中,若谓语为be,主语同主句主语一致或主语为it时,常省略主、谓语.需要注意的是,谓语为实意动词时,若其与省略的主语间为主谓关系时,则用现在分词;若为动宾关系,则用过去分词。例如:　　Pleasesendforadoctorassoonas(itis)possible.　　If______thesametreatmentagain,he'ssuretogetwell.　　A.giveB.givingC.givenD.beinggiven　　三、替代省略　　1.think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,hope等与so连用,替代肯定的宾语从句;与not连用,替代否定的宾语从句。例如:　　-Doyouthinkit'sgoingtorainovertheweekend?　　-______.　　A.Idon'tbelieveB.Idon'tbelieveitC.IbelievenottoD.Ibelievenot　　2."So/Nor(Neither)+谓语+主语"这种句型是用来替代前面提到的情况,表明它也适用于后者。例如:　　-Idon'tthinkIcanwalkanyfurther.　　-______.Let'sstophereforarest.　　A.NeitheramIB.NeithercanIC.Idon'tthinksoD.Ithinkso