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牛津高中英语模块一(第二讲)【教学内容与教学要求】一、教学内容:牛津高中英语模块一Unit1(下)二、教学要求:1.掌握和学校活动有关的常用单词、词组与句型。2.学会用英语写通知和海报。3.语法:定语从句(二)【知识重点与学习难点】一、重要单词:contest,replace,possession,complete,include,programme,present(v),event,item,venue,timetable,compare,issue,order,dynasty,professor,unnecessary,attractive,underline,approve,,generation,require,scary,design,draft,wording,previous,finalize,poem,poet,confident,run(manage,operate),host,hostess,advertise,vote.二、重点词组:referto指,functionas当作…使用,具有….的功能,leaveout省略,relateto和…相关,payattentionto注意,inshortform用宿略的形式,takeplace发生,makedecision作决定,makecomparison作比较,taketurns轮流,followtheoutline按照纲要,beresponsiblefor对…负责,consistof包含,由…构成,comeupwith想出,baseon根据,haveitapprovedby…征得…..的同意,informsbofsth告知,signup签名参加.【难点讲解】1.Ihavetodomyhomeworkinaplacethathasdesksandchairs.我必须在一个有课桌椅的地方做家庭作业。Idon’twanttostudyinaroomwheredesksandchairsaretoosmall.我不想在桌椅太小的房间里学习。第一句里定语从句thathasdesksandchairs的关系代词that指代主句中的名词room,作从句的主语;第二句里定语从句wheredesksandchairsaretoosmall的关系副词where指代主句中的inaroom,在从句中是地点状语。试比较:1)Thisisthebeachwhere(onwhich)manyNorthEuropeansspendtheirsummerholidays.2)Thisisthebeachthat(which)haswhitesandandpalmtrees.上一句的beach是北欧人度假的地方,在这个地方是地点状语,所以用关系副词where指代;下一句中有白沙和棕榈树的是beach,它是从句的主语,所有以用关系代词that来指代。2.Besides,Imightbereadingthebooksinyourfather’sbookcasesinstead.除此之外,我也许会只顾看你爸爸书橱里的书,而不是去做作业。Shewillbereadingnewspapersandmagazinesinsteadofdoingherhomework.她将会忙着看报纸杂志而不是做作业。第5页共5页\n“mightbereading”,“willbereading”属于“情态动词+be+doing”的结构,表示对某个时间正在发生的事情的预言、推测或期待。例如:Ishallbelyinginbedandwatchingmyfvouritefootballgamebythetimehefinisheshishomework..等他做完家庭作业时,我早就会躺在床上看我喜爱的足球比赛了。“instead,insteadof”都表示“代替,而不是….”“instead”通常需要承接上文才能表达完整的意思,“insteadof”则可以在一句话中表达做了和没做的事情。例如:1)Wedidn’tgohomeafterschool.Wewenttoanetcaféinstead.→Insteadofgoinghomeafterschool,wewenttoanetcafé.2)StudentsinUKdon’thavelotsofhomework..Theyhavemanyschoolactivities.→StudentsinUKhavemanyschoolactivitiesinsteadofhomework.3.Aprogrammeisaplanofactivitiestobedoneorthingstobeachieved.规划是指要进行的活动或要完成任务的计划。划线部分是不定式的被动语态作定语,表示要做的事情。4.Themorechoicesyouhave,thebetteryourfinaldecisionswillbe.相当于:Ifyouhavemorechoice(条件状语从句为一般现在时),youwillmakebetterdecision(主句用将来时).你的选择越多,最后的决定就越好。“The+比较级(adj/adv)或含比较级的词组,the+另一个比较级(adj/adv)或含比较级的词组”,表示“越……就越…..”。5.Yourteacherhasreceivedane-mailfromafriendaskingheraboutahistorybookfromyourschoollibrary.你的老师收到一位朋友的电子邮件,询问你们学校图书馆里的一本历史书。划线部分是现在分词短语作定语,补充说明宾语e-mail的内容。6.ISBN(InternationalStandardBookNumber)国际标准图书编号ISSN(InternationalStandardSerialNumber)国际标准期刊编号7.make常见的动宾搭配:maketea/coffee沏茶、冲咖啡,makefriends交朋友,makemistakes犯错误,maketrouble惹麻烦,makeasuggestion提建议,makeafire生火,makefaces做鬼脸,makeadecision做决定,makecomparasions作比较,makealiving谋生,makemoney挣钱,makearequest提要求,makeanapplication申请。【写作】通知和海报通知是上级对下级、组织对成员或平行单位之间部署工作、传达事情或召开会议等所使用的应用文。以布告形式贴出,把事情通知有关人员,如学生、观众等,通常不用称呼;通知要求言简意赅、措辞得当、时间及时。 例一:布告形式的通知:通常此类通知上方正中写Notice或NOTICE(通知),发出通知的的单位的具体名称可放在正文前,也可放在正文后,右下角处,发出通知的日期写在左下角处。例如NOTICE All mumbersofthestudents’union are requested to meet in the schoolconference room on Saturday, Sept18th, at 2:00 p. m. to discuss questions of international culture exchangeswithNewZealandhighschoolband. 第5页共5页\n Sept.14, 2005 海报的形式和媒体没有特殊要求,它要先用简明、生动的图文吸引过往人群的注意力,再以简洁扼要的文字、图表介绍你要向公众发布的信息。文字部分一般包括主题句或主题词和条理清楚、简单明了的内容介绍。下面是一个网上海报,供大家参考:Makeaposterexplainingasafetyrule.ItshouldgiveusagoodStayAlertmessage.IfyourposterwinsyouwillreceiveaSASST-shirtanditwillappearintheSASSGallery.Mailyouposterto:StayAlert...StaySafeP.O.Box93006,499MainSt.S.Brampton,OntarioL6Y1N0【语法】定语从句(2)1.定语从句中关系代词that、which用来指代物,who、whom和that用来指代人,whose用来表示所属关系,关系副词when、where和why指代时间、地点和原因。2.关系代词的用法 (1)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。例如: AllthatIhaveismyloveforthisland.Thereisn’tmuchthatwecandotoeasehispain. (2)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which。例如:ThelastpersonthatwewanttoinvitetoourhouseisUncleSam.Nonationthatiscapableofsuchatrocitycanbetrustedbyitsneighbors. (3)非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如: Thereareaboutsevenmillionpeopletakingpartintheelection,mostofwhomarewelleducated. (4)which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与andthis相似。例如: Shefailedinherattempttocatchtheprince’sattention,whichwasagreatdisappointmenttohermother. (5)如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who。 (6)先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that。例如: Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely. (7)如果先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,关系代词应该用who或whom,不用which。例如:第5页共5页\n Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?(8)关系代词that/which/who/whom在从句中作宾语时可以省略。例如:Thegirl(whom)youjustsawisthecheerleaderofourfootballclub.Everymoment(that)wespentintheUKwillbeapreciousmemoryforus.As在定语从句中的用法 一.引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 (1)as多与such或thesame连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。 (2)as也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which。例如:Theelephant’snoseislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.二.关系副词引导的定语从句 1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句 关系副词在从句中分别表示时间.地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语,where充当地点状语,why充当原因状语。例如:WeshallalwaysrememberthedaywhenJapansurrenderedtotheallyforce.Thisisoneofthefewplaceswhereyoucanbuytopqualitywine. 2.that有时也可引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因 That有时可以代替关系副词when,where或者why引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因,这种定语从句中的that也可以省去。例如:Thatisthetime(that)hearrives.Thatisthereason(that)hecame.【同步练习】一、选择适当的关系代词或关系副词填空:1.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimplaywithanyone______scoreswaspoor.A.ofwhom B.whom C.ofwhose D.whose 2.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that 3.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldgethelp.A.that B.who C.fromwhom D.towhom 4.Theday_______hechoseforhissonweddingwasaluckydayinthelunarcalendar.A.when B.where C.that D.who 5.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasachild.A.which B.where C.that D.when 6.Thismonumentisall______remainsoftheancientkingdom. A.it B.that C.when D.which 7.Hementionedabookthetileof______Ican’tremembernow.A.who B.which C.this D.what 8.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_____wasveryreasonable.A.whichprice C.thepriceofwhichC.itsprice D.thepriceofwhose9._____hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.As B.It C.That D.Which第5页共5页\n10.HelivedinLondonfor3months,during____timehelearnedsomeEnglish.A.this B.which C.that D.same11.Onthewallhangsapicture,_____colorisblue.A.whose B.ofwhich C.which D.its12.Istillrememberthetime______Ifirstbecameacollegestudent.A.what B.which C.that D.when13.Mr.Fordstilltalksliketheman______hewastenyearsago.A.that B.where C.which D.there14.Theboss____departmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookeddownuponwomen.A.inwhich B.inthat C.inwhose D.whose15.Idon’tlike_____youspeaktoher.A.theway B.thewayinthat C.thewaywhich D.thewayofwhich16.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella._______Igotwetthrough.A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’show17.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkis B.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkit D.Ithinkwhichis18.Thereisonlyonedishonthetable_______Iwanttoeat.A.who B.that C.what D.whcih 参考答案一、1-5DBCCB 6-10BBCAB 11-15ADACA 16-18BAB第5页共5页