高中英语总分结构标题 12页

“总分结构”的标题训练（二）      Jan7,2012博主写在前面：我在教学实践中摸索出一套方法，比较有效，与大家切磋。            技巧：            1.找到中心句.                 2.分析文章结构：总分。            3.浏览中心句后的段落大意，帮助进一步把握文章中心。            4.缩略中心句,提炼出文章标题。                           （1）  PersonalcomputersandtheInternetgivepeoplenewchoicesabouthowtospendtheirtime. Somemayusethisfreedomtosharelesstimewithcertainfriendsorfamilymembers,butnewtechnologywillalsoletthemstayinclosertouchwiththosetheycaremostabout.Iknowthisfrompersonalexperience. E-mailmakesiteasytoworkathome,whichiswhereInowspendmostweekendsandevenings.Myworkinghoursaren’tnecessarilymuchshorterthantheyoncewerebutIspendfewerofthemattheoffice.ThisletsmesharemoretimewithmyyoungdaughterthanImighthaveifshe’dbeenbornbeforeelectronicmailbecamesuchapracticaltool. TheInternetalsomakesiteasytosharethoughtswithagroupoffriends.Sayyoudosomethingfunseeagreatmovieperhaps-andtherearefourorfivefriendswhomightwanttohearaboutit.Ifyoucalleachone,youmaytireoftellingthestory. WithE-mail,youjustwriteonenoteaboutyourexperience,atyourconvenience,andaddressittoallthefriendsyouthinkmightbeinterested.Theycanreadyourmessagewhentheyhavetime,andreadonlyasmuchastheywantto.Theycanreplyattheirconvenience,andyoucanreadwhattheyhavetosayatyourconvenience. E-mailisalsoaninexpensivewaystayinclosetouchwithpeoplewholivefaraway.MorethanafewparentsuseE-mailtokeepintouch,evendailytouch,withtheirchildrenoffatcollege.WejusthavetokeepinmindthatcomputersandtheInternetofferanotherwayofstayingintouch.Theydon’ttaketheplaceofanyoftheold\nways.Thebesttitleforthispassageis________.A.Computer:NewTechnologicalAdvances　　　　B.Internet:NewTooltoMaintainGoodFriendshipC.ComputersHaveMadeLifeEasier　　　　　　D.Internet:aConvenientToolforCommunication答案[D]技巧：1.找到中心句：butnewtechnologywillalsoletthemstayinclosertouchwiththosethey  care mostabout.2.分析文章结构：总分。3.浏览中心句后的各段大意。注意高频词，easy,convenience,aninexpensiveway，说明了方便的特点—convenient。4.缩略中心句，与选项匹配，翻译同义词，communication交往—stayinclosertouch保持更紧密联系，属同意词，确定为D项。                          (2)   Iamagoodmothertothreechildren.Ihavetriednevertoletmyprofessionstandinthewayofbeingagoodparent.   Inolongerconsidermyselfthecenteroftheuniverse.Ishowup.Ilisten.Itrytolaugh.Iamagoodfriendtomyhusband.Ihavetriedtomakemarriagevows(誓约)meanwhattheysay.Iamagoodfriendtomyfriends,andtheytome.Withoutthem,therewouldbenothingtosaytoyoutoday.   Sohere’swhatIwantedtotellyoutoday:Getalife.Areallife,notadesireofthenextpromotion(提升),thebiggerpaycheck,thelargerhouse.Getalifeinwhichyouarenotalone.Findpeopleyoulove,andwholoveyou.Andrememberthatloveisnotleisure(休闲),itiswork.Pickupthephone.Sendane-mail.Writealetter.Andrealizethatlifeisthebestthingandthatyouhavenobusinesstakingitforgranted.   Itissoeasytowasteourlives,ourdays,ourhours,andourminutes.Itissoeasytoexistinsteadoftolive.Ilearnedtolivemanyyearsago.Somethingreally,reallybadhappenedtome,somethingthatchangedmylifeinways\nthat,ifIhadmychoice,itwouldneverhavebeenchangedatall.AndwhatIlearnedfromitiswhat,today,seemstobethehardestlessonofall:   Ilearnedtolovethejourney,notthedestination.IlearnedtolookatallthegoodintheworldandtrytogivesomeofitbackbecauseIbelievedinit,completelyandtotally.AndItriedtodothat,inpart,bytellingotherswhatIhadlearned.Bytellingthemthis:Readinthebackyardwiththesunonyourface.Learntobehappy.Andthinkoflifeasadeadlyillness,becauseifyoudo,youwillliveitwithjoyandpassion(激情)asitoughttobelived. Thebesttitleofthispassageprobablyis_________.A．Loveyourfriends     B．LiveareallifeC．Don’twastetime      D．Beagoodmotherandwife答案[B]技巧：1.找到中心句，Sohere’swhatIwantedtotellyoutoday:Getalife.     2.分析文章结构:总分。     3.浏览中心句后各段大意。     4.缩略中心句，提炼出标题，与选项匹配,答案确定为B项。                           (3)   Doesyourlocaltownhaveanickname(绰号)?Ifso,whatdoesitsayabouttheareaandthepeoplewholivethere?   Manycitiesarerecognizedacrosstheworldbytheirunofficialnames.NewYorkistheBigApple,LondonistheBigSmoke,andLosAngelesisfamouslycalledLaLaLand.   Aprojecthasbeencarriedouttomakeasurveyonhowthenicknamesofsomeplacescameabout.TheUniversityofWinchester’sProfessorBillLucasisapatron(赞助者)oftheEnglishProject.Heexplainsthatunofficialplacenamesoftenshowwhatpeoplethinkaboutaplace.\n  “Thenamethatpeoplecreateforaplaceformsaconnectionwithfeelings,”hesays.BasingstokeisatownincentralEngland.Thelocalnickname,Amazingstoke,showsthelovethatlocalsseemtohaveforthearea.   Swindon,ontheotherhand,issometimescalledSwindump,showingthatsomepeoplethinkit’sadump(垃圾).StanfordLeHopeinEssexiscalledStanfordNoHopebylocals.AndPadstowinCornwallissocloselyconnectedwiththelocalfamouspersonRickSteinthatit’sbecomeknownasPadstein.   Somepeoplesaythattheprojectmayhaveapracticaluse.GlenHart,thesurvey’sheadofresearch,saystheinformationcouldbeveryhelpfultotheemergencyservices,forexample.“Byhavingthemostcompletesetofnicknameswecouldhelptheemergencyservices（应急服务机构）quicklylocatetherightplaceassoonaspossible,forpeopleusuallyrememberthenicknamesofsomeplacesinsteadoftheirofficialnames.Andthiswilltakethehelperslesstimetoreachtheplaces.”hesays.Thebesttitleofthepassagecanbe_____. A.People’sAttitudestoNicknames      B.ASurveyonNicknames C.theDevelopmentofNicknames       D.theUsefulnessofNicknames答案[B]技巧：1.找到中心句，Aprojecthasbeencarriedouttomakeasurveyonhowthenicknamesofsomeplacescameabout.。2.分析文章结构，总分结构。3.浏览中心句后各段大意，下面有两个层次：1）Heexplainsthatunofficialplacenamesoftenshowwhatpeoplethinkaboutaplace.2）Somepeoplesaythattheprojectmayhaveapracticaluse.4.缩略中心句，提炼出标题，答案确定为B项。                     (4)   WhenIwassmallandmygrandmotherdied,Icouldn’tunderstandwhyIhadnotears.Butthatnightwhenmydadtriedtocheermeup,mylaughturnedintocrying.\n   Soitcameasnosurprisetolearnthatresearchersbelievecryingandlaughingcomefromthesamepartofthebrain.Justaslaughinghasmanyhealthadvantages,scientistsarediscoveringthatso,too,doescrying.   Whateverittakesforustoreducepressureisimportanttoouremotional(情感的)health,andcryingseemstostudyfoundthat85percentofwomenand73percentofmenreportfeelingbetteraftercrying.   Besides,tearsattracthelpfromotherpeople.Researchersagreethatwhenwecry,peoplearoundusbecomekinderandfriendlyandtheyaremorereadytoprovidesupportandcomfort.Tearsalsoenableustounderstandouremotionsbetter;sometimeswedon'tevenknowwe'reverysaduntilwecry.Welearnaboutouremotionsthroughcrying,andthenwecandealwiththem.Justascryingcanbehealthy,notcrying—holdingbacktearsofanger,painorsuffering—canbebadforphysical(身体的)health,Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure,heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.Ifyouhaveahealthproblem,doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry.Butwhenyoufeellikecrying,don'tfightit.It'sanatural —andhealthy—emotionalresponse(反应).Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.PowerofTears      B.HowtoKeepHealthyC.WhyWeCry        D.ANewScientificDiscovery答案[A]技巧：1.找到中心句：Justaslaughinghasmanyhealthadvantages,scientistsarediscoveringthatso,too,doescrying.     2.分析文章结构：总分。     3.浏览中心句后各段大意，分别在说明眼泪对人的好处。     4.缩略中心句，提炼出标题，确定答案为A项。                             （5）   Animalscanmovefromplacetoplace,butplantscannot.Whenananimalisunderattack,itcanrunawayorfightback.Plantscertainlycannotrunaway,andtheylackteethandclaws.Butplantscandefendthemselvesbyusingbothphysicalandchemicalmeans.\n   Someplantshavetheirownwaystokeepanimalsaway.Forexample,theleavesofthehollyplanthavesharpspines(刺)thatdiscouragegrass-eatinganimals.Hollyleavesonlowerbrancheshavemorespinesthanleavesonupperbranches.Thisisbecausethelowerleavesareeasierformostanimalstoreach..   Someplants,suchastheoaktree,havethickandhardleavesthataredifficultforanimalstoeat.Somegrassesmaycontainasandymaterial;eatingsuchgrasseswearsdowntheanimal'steeth.   Manyplantsalsohavechemicaldefenses.Someplantsproducechemicalsthattastebitterorcauseanunpleasantreaction.Someplantsmayfightagainstanattackbyincreasingtheproductionofthesechemicals.Whenacaterpillar(毛虫)bitesatobaccoleaf,theleafproducesachemicalmessenger.Thismessengersendstotherootstheinformationtoproducemorenicotine.Thehigherlevelsofnicotinediscouragethecaterpillar.   Manyplantsdependonbothphysicalandchemicaldefenses.AcertainplantinChina,forinstance,hasprickly(多刺的)leaves,andeachpricklecontainspoisonousvenom(毒液).Asingleexperiencewiththiskindofplantwillteachananimaltostayawayfromitinthefuture.    Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.PlantsandAnimals     B.HowPlantsDefendThemselvesC.AttacksandDefenses    D.HowAnimalsEatPlantLeaves答案[B]技巧：1.找到中心句：Butplantscandefendthemselvesbyusingbothphysicalandchemicalmeans.      2.分析文章结构：总分结构，     3.浏览中心句后各段大意，分别说明不会动的植物如何保护自己。    4.缩略中心句，提炼出标题，答案确定为B项。                             （6）   ReadingisveryimportanttohelpyoulearnEnglish.Tolearnasmuchasyoucanfromreading,youneedtoreaddifferentkindsofEnglish.ThisbookprovidesnotonlydifferentkindsofEnglishbutalsoagoodwaytocheckyourreadingability.\n   Therearefourpartsinthebook:   Part1IsMessages:Inthispartsomebodywantstosendinformationinwritingtosomebodyelse.Thereisatestontimetablesanatestontextmessages.   Part2isPeople:Inthispartallthetestsareaboutpeople.Forexample,thereisaninformalletterbetweenfriends.Thereisformal(正式的)Englishinbiography(传记).Thereisajobapplicationasamodeltohelpwithyourwriting,aswellastestingyourreading.   Part3isPlaces:Inthispart,too.manydifferentkindsofEnglishareshown,someinformalandsomeformal.ThereistheinformalEnglishofaholidaypostcard.ThereisalsotheformalEnglishinaletterofcomplaint.   Part4isThings:Youwillfindsomedescriptivewritinginthispart.Therearedescriptionsofclothesandofacomputer.   Youcandothesetestsinanyorderyoulike,oryoucandoallthetestswithaformalorinformaltext.IenjoyedwritingthisbookandIhopeyouenjoyusingit. Whatisthebesttitleofthebook?A．TestYourReading                B．HelpwithYourWritingC．LearnDifferentKindsofEnglish     D．PractiseEnglishinDifferentWays答案[A]技巧：1.找到中心：ThisbookprovidesnotonlydifferentkindsofEnglishbutalsoagoodwaytocheckyourreadingability.     2.分清文章结构：总分。     3.浏览中心句后各段大意，最后一段，明确说明这些测试可如何使用，进一步明确中心句“考查你的阅读能力”。     4.缩略中心句，提炼出标题，还要注意选项中同义词的使用。test=check                                  (7)   AtDallas/FortWorthAirport,thelightsarecontrolledbysensorsthatmeasuresunlight.Theydimimmediatelywhenit'ssunnyandbrightenwhenapassingcloudblocksthesun.\nAwallofwindowsataUniversityofPennsylvaniaengineeringbuddinghasbuilt-inblinds(百页窗)controlledbyacomputerprogramthatfollowsthesun'spath.   Buildingsaregettingsmarter--andthenextgenerationofbuildingmaterialsexpectedtodoevenmore.   Windowscouldcatchthesun'senergytoheatwater.Sensorsthatmeasurethecarbondioxidebreathedoutbypeopleinamomcoulddeterminewhethertheairconditioningneedstobeturnedup.   Manynewmaterialsandtechnologyhavebeendesignedinthelast15years.Theyarenowbeingusedinawaveofbuildingsdesignedtosaveasmuchenergyaspossible.Theyincludeoldideas,like"greenroofs,"whereabeltofplantsonaroofhelpsthebuildingkeepheatinwinterandstaycoolinsummer,andnewideas,likespecialcoatingforwindowsthatletslightin,butkeepsheatout.   Astechnologiessuchassensorsbecomecheaper,theirusesspread.   Theelevators(电梯)atSevenWorldTradeCenter,whichisunderconstructioninNewYork,useasystemthatgroupspeopletravelingtonearbyfloorintothesameelevator,thussavingelevatorstops.Peoplewhoworkinthebuildingwillenteritbyswiping(刷)IDcardsthatwilltelltheelevatorstheirfloor;readoutswillthentellthemwhichelevatortouse.Thebuildingalsohaswindowswithacoatingthatblockshealwhilelettinginlight.   Morenewbuildingmaterialsandtechnologyareindevelopment.APhiladelphiabuildingfarmisnowworkingon"smartwrap"thatusestinysolarcollectorstocatchthesun'senergyandtransmitters(传感器)thewidthofahumanhairtomoveit.Theyareexpectedtochangethefaceoftheconstructionindustryinthenexttenyearsorso.    Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?    A.BuildingsAreBecomingSmarter    B.BuildingsAreGettingMoreSunlight    C.BuildingsAreLackinginMuchEnergy    D.BuildingsAreUsingCheaperMaterials                    答案：[A]\n技巧：1.找到中心句：Buildingsaregettingsmarter--andthenextgenerationofbuildingmaterialsexpectedtodoevenmore.    2.分析文章结构：总分。    3.浏览中心句后各段大意，分别说明了建筑如何智能。    4.缩略中心句，提炼出标题，确定答案为A项。                         （8）    Therearetwokindsofphysicalactivitywhichrequirespecialtraining.Thefirstdemandsexactcarefulmovementsofthemuscles（肌肉）.Thiskindofactivitymustbestrictlycontrolledbecauseevenaslightmovementinthewrongdirectionwillleadamistake.Totypequickly,forexample,apersonneedstraining;theslightestmovementofafingerinthewrongdirectionmaycauseaspellingmistake.Adancerwhohastodanceonthepointofhershoesorturnaroundononefootmustbetrainedforalongperiodoftimebeforeshecansenseherowncenterandbalanceherself.Youmayhaveseenagirlwalkingonaropeacrossanemptyspace,which,too,requiresalotofpractice.   Thesecondkindofphysicalactivityneedsgreaterstrengthorextraeffort.Mostofusgettiredifwetrytorunhalfamilewithoutstopping,butaspecially-trainedpersoncandothiswithoutmucheffort.Threeyearsago,somescientistscarriedoutexperiments,whichproducedmeaningfulandunexpectedresults.Theywantedtofindoutwhetheracertainamountofphysicalexercisewouldinjurethosesufferingfromheartproblems.Theyselectedsomemalepatientsandtrainedthemincontinuousbicycleriding.Theyweresurprisedtofindthattheharmfuleffectofgivenamountofphysicaleffortwasactuallylessontheheartsofthesetrainedpatientsthanonthoseofthepatientswhowerenotsimilarlytrained.Thisisimportantbecauseitshowsthatregularphysicalexerciseenablesustomakebetteruseoftheoxygen（氧气）webreatheinandthatthistraining,infact,reducestheamountofworkourheartsdo.Manytaskswhicharehardforuntrainedpeoplearenothardatallfortrainedpeople.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?  A．TrainingOurBodies    B．PhysicalActivities  C．MovementTraining      D．ExtraBodyEffort答案[A]技巧：1.找到中心句：Therearetwokindsofphysicalactivitywhichrequirespecialtraining.\n     2.分析文章结构：总分。用两个部分说明了中心句。     3.浏览段落大意，以便更好地理解中心句，体育活动如何需要专门训练。     4.缩略中心句，提炼出文章标题，答案确定为A项。                          （9）   Asskiesarefilledwithmillionsofmigrating(迁徙)birds,Europeanscientistssaytheseasonalwaderappearstobestrange;thefatterthebird,thebetteritflies.   Theresultsoftheirstudyledtoatheoryoppositetoacentraloneofaerodynamics(空气动力学),whichsaysthatthepowerneededtoflyincreaseswithweight.   Forbirds,obviously,thecostofflyingwithheavyfatismuchsmallerthanweusedtothink.Researchersfoundthatredknollwadingbirdsdoubletheirnormalbodyweightof100gramsbeforemakingtheirtwice-a-yearnonstopflightbetweentheBritishandtheRussianArctic.Distance;5,000kilometers.   AnotherstudyinthemagazineNaturemeasuredtheadvantageofflyinginanaerodynamicgroupwhichallowsbirdstosaveenergybyflyingsmoothlyandquietlyintheleadbird’sairstream. Flyingingroups,theirheartrateswere14.5percentlowerthanflyingalone,accordingtoHenri,aFrenchscientist.Thefindingshelpexplainhowbirdscompletedifficultmigrations.Researchershadthoughtthatthinner,strongerbirdswouldhavethebestchancetosurvive.Thefirststudysuggeststhatbuildingupfattobeburntasfuelduringthemigrationisworthmorethantheenergyittakestocarrytheadditionalweight.Inthestudy,researchedsaidtheirlearnstudiedthebirdsflownatdifferentbodyweightsduring28simulated(模拟的)flights.Theyforcedasmallamountofspecialwaterintothebirds’bodiessothattheycouldmeasuretheamountofenergyburntduringtheflight. Thebesttitleforthispassagemayprobablybe________.A.BirdsThinDownForJourney             B.BirdsFattenUpForJourney\nC.HowBirdsBuildUpFatForJourneyD.HowBirdsBurnEnergyForJourney答案[Ｂ]技巧：1.找到中心句：thefatterthebird,thebetteritflies.      2.分析文章结构：总分。      3.浏览中心句后各段大意，发现都在通过研究结果说明增加体重对鸟类迁徙的作用。      4.缩略中心句，提炼出标题，答案确定为B项。                            (10)   Despitethehightechnologyandinvestment(投资)inflooddefensesbytheEnvironmentAgency.(环保局)，thereisnowaytostopallflooding---soonerorlaternaturewillproducesomethingthatwillbeateventhestrongestdefenses.   Warningpeopleofthisdangerisveryimportantifwearetopreventthegreatlossoflifeseenfifty-threeyearsago.IndeediftheFloodWarningsystemthatcurrentlyexistshadbeenaroundonthatcold,stormynightinJanuary1953,manyliveswouldhavebeenspared.TheEnvironmentAgencytookoverthemileoffloodwarningin1995fromthepolicewhohadtogodoortodoororsoundalarmstogetthenewsnot.TheserviceisbeingconstantlyimprovedandacombinationofbettertechnologyandincreasedinvestrentfollowingtheEasterFloodsof1998hasledtothecreationofFloodlineandanalternative(自动)messagingsystemthatcanwarnthousandsofpeopleinverylittletime.   TheFloodWarningteaminKenthasalsosentletterstothepeoplelivingclosetotheriversortheseaandinvitedthemtojointheAVM(automatedvoicemessaging)system.Anyonechoosingtotakeupthisfreeservicewillreceivearecordedmessagedirectlytotheirhome,businessorpagertellingthemofthelevelofwarning,givingthemasmuchtimeaspossibletocarryouttheirfloodplanandsaveitemsthatcannotbereplacediflostordamaged,suchasphotographsorchildren’sfavoritetoys. Thebesttitleforthispassagemayprobablybe_______.A.EnvironmentAgency\nB.TechnologyInFloodDefensesC.FloodWarningSystemD.EasterFloods答案[C].技巧：1.找到中心句：Warningpeopleofthisdangerisveryimportantifwearetopreventthegreatlossoflifeseenfifty-threeyearsago    2.分析文章结构：总分。    3.浏览中心句后各段大意，分别举例说明提前预警的重要。    4.缩略中心句，提炼出标题，答案确定为C项。